10.simple Water Level Indicator With Alarm Intenship Report

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this internship covers the Generally, water stored in overhead tank is wasted due to over
flow ,when the tank is full. Water level alarm using micro-controllers like 8051 and AVR are
shown in previous articles. This article shows simple circuits of water level indicator with alarm.
Three circuits were shown here are simple and built using transistors, 555 timer and ULN2003
IC. First let us build a water level alarm using simple transistors.
SIMPLE WATER LEVEL INDICATOR WITH ALARM
CHAPTER 1
ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
1.1 COMPANY PROFILE
Name Vidvek Infotech Private Limited
Registration Vidvek Infotech Private Limited
CIN NO U73200KA2018PTC117420
Company Logo
Tag line Quick and Reliable Solutions
Founder Vivekanand M Bonal & SUMAN
Registered Year 2018
Establishing Year 2012
Website www.vidvek.com
Email info@vidvek.com
Products VLSI design, Web Development, Research Out-Sourcing, Digital

Marketing, Electronics & Control System Research Optimization,
Cloud Application Development, Research for IoT
Affiliations Karnataka, Telangana
Registered and Verifying Govt. of INDIA

Authority
OPP Poonam Store PDA Engg College Road Gulbarga – 02
Branches Address Sreemaan Rama Towers, Dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad - 60,
1.2 ABOUT COMPANY
ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 1

Vidvek Infotech Private Limited is company specializing in customized software product and IT
services. We provide "Cutting- Edge" solutions that deliver competitive advantage to our valued
clients. Our disciplined management techniques, domain knowledge and holistic approach
constantly develop ways to enhance value to our clients. Focus on quality at every step coupled
with skilled resource management ensures that development remains always on track. Our
products are aimed at bringing the best practices in pedagogy together with the latest technology
to achieve excellence and to provide "the best in class"
Also, they providers Training and Projects in Embedded systems, Power systems, Power
Electronics, Electronic Drivers, Machines, DSP/DIP, VLSI, Data warehousing, .Net, C#,
Java/J2EE and Linux as well as develops its own range of quality Embedded products. Vidvek
InfoTech has successfully power itself in training thousands of students and professionals. The
teaching philosophy deployed, tries to create in-depth knowledge about the subject at hand. We
believe that depth is an essential ingredient to achieve heights in training and development
 MISSION AND VISION
The Main Mission of Vidvek InfoTech is "To be a key player in deployment of Knowledge a
Technology, By Producing and Providing Versatile and Resourceful Professionals to the
growing Industries".
The vision of Vidvek InfoTech is to involve its students in never-ending Engineering Research
and make them excel in Quality Education. In the years to come its vision is to keep its students
in the forefront in Engineering and Technological Education. Moreover, it should remain forever
a world class institution for technological education and scientific research for public good.
1.3 ACCREDITATIONS
NSDC ACCREDITATION NO: TP097994

National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a not-for-profit public limited company

incorporated on July 31, 2008 under section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 (corresponding to
section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013). NSDC was set up by Ministry of Finance as Public
Private Partnership (PPP) model. The Government of India through Ministry of Skill
Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) holds 49% of the share capital of NSDC, while the
private sector has the balance 51% of the share capital.
NSDC aims to promote skill development by catalyzing creation of large, quality and for-profit
vocational institutions. Further, the organisation provides funding to build scalable and
profitable vocational training initiatives. Its mandate is also to enable support system which
focuses on quality assurance, information systems and train the trainer academies either directly
or through partnerships. NSDC acts as a catalyst in skill development by providing funding to
enterprises, companies and organizations that provide skill training. It also develops appropriate
models to enhance, support and coordinate private sector initiatives. The differentiated focus on
37 sectors under NSDC’s purview and its understanding of their viability will make every sector
attractive to private investment.
 Accreditation No: VTP0003630

 The scheme namely Kaushalya Karnataka Scheme is launched in Karnataka by the Chief
Minister Siddharamaiah in 15th of May 2017. The scheme is for the job opportunity.
 Under the scheme youths of the state will be able to enhance their skill and knowledge about
the real life. Through which the chances of getting jobs will be wider for the unemployed
people. This scheme will be helpful to make them more skilled.
 The main aim of the scheme is to make entrepreneurs. It is not a conventional scheme that
creates jobs for the youths. But it is a skill enhancing scheme that will help the people to
become an entrepreneur and create own jobs.
 There will be two departments in this scheme. These departments will be called Vahini 1 and
Vahini 2. The first one will be for the skill development and livelihood while the other one is
for the creation of jobs. These two departments are governed by the state government of
Karnataka.

 There were nearly 800 youth were present. Unfortunately, because of the poor network and
server not all of them could register. However, many of them have already registered with
the scheme through online process.
 There are many categories like illiterates and literates under the scheme. Youths will have to
register according to their status and age group. Also they have to make provide proper
information while filling up the form
1.4 CLIENTS AND PARTNERSHIPS
 LAVISH CONSULTANCY PRIVATE LIMITED
 Lavish Consultancy Pvt Ltd situated at 60FT ROAD J C NAGAR, Bangalore, Karnataka, is
a leading placement agency that delivers the best opportunities to each individual. We churn
out the real talent and place them to the positions and companies they are best suitable for.
We are a vigilant placement consultancy, aiming to fulfil every individual’s employment
needs. We guide you in your journey to achieve your desired job.
 DELTA SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES
Delta Semiconductor Technologies Pvt.Ltd is a Bangalore start-up company which provides

cutting edge solutions with persuasion of "Service with Leadership" in VLSI and Embedded
Systems Design.
The company strongly believes on customer success through cooperation, unity and service. We
are specialized in providing services in Custom IC development which includes Analog/Mixed
Signal Design, Foundation IP Development viz. Memory Compilers, IOs and Standard Cells,
IBIS, VerilogA Modelling. The team has extensive experience in Circuit Design,
Characterization and Layout up to 20nm/ 22nm process nodes.

 TANNA EDUCATION
Tanna Educational Services is located in the heart of the city of Rajkot which is one of fastest
developing educational and industrial center in Gujarat. They have another branch in Santa
Clara, CA, USA which is a hub of world-wide semiconductor and software development known
as Silicon Valley.
It is the leading educational institute. They are specialized in the field of Embedded Systems,
VLSI and Database Management. They are overwhelmed with highly trained staff with many
years of experience working in multinational companies. They offer variety of teaching and
training programs to help engineers sharpen their skills and broaden their knowledge. Please go
to our "Services" section for detailed information about our various Tech services.
 INNOVETECH
Innovetech Pro Solutions Pvt.Ltd.,

Linking Technologies to students
Innovetech Pro Solution Trainers Published Several Books By World Class Publishers Like Phi
India Pvt. Ltd. Innovetech Pro Solutions Trainers Were Recognized As The Best Trainers By
Top MNC Companies Like Wipro, TCS, Logical CMG, I flex, IGATE, L&T, Satyam
Etc.Innovetech Pro Solutions Involved In Training And Academic Projects Program In More
Than 100 Engineering Colleges From Tamil Nadu And Pondicherry.
 SOOXMA TECHNOLOGIES

Sooxma Technologies is based in Hyderabad is a leading organization providing excellent

training in Robotics, Embedded Systems, Embedded Linux, Android and the latest innovative
technologies. Sooxma Technologies works round the clock to cater to the needs of the
equipment it has excellent record for the 9 years is a manifestation of the quality of knowledge.
1.5 SERVICES OFFERED
1. Lab Equipment’s/ Educational Board
2. Software Services
3. Development Board
4. Academic Projects
5. Training and Placement
6. Research & Development
1.5.1 LAB EQUIPMENTS/ EDUCATIONAL BOARD
In the manufacture of Microprocessor Trainers and Interface Boards. With the efforts from our
Research and Development Team, the company has expanded its activities in various areas as
follows. Microcontroller, Process Control Instrumentation, Digital Signal Processing, Power
Electronics & Drives, Data Acquisition Systems, Personal Computer Trainer Systems, VLSI &
Embedded Systems etc.
At present, the company is concentrating in various new fields like Advanced Control Systems,
Solar Heat Pump Trainers, Advanced Process control, Chemical Reactors, Distillation Column,
Image Processing, Nuclear Electronics, Defense projects etc.
1.5.2 SOFTWARE SERVICES
The provide a software service in the area of software development, mobile app development,
and digital marketing, in Electronics and communication, Computer Science, and Mechanical
with advance tools as required by the customer, college and industry needs.

1.5.3 DEVELOPMENT BOARDS
Development board is a printed circuit board containing controller and the minimal support
logic needed for an engineer to become acquainted with the microprocessor on the board and to
learn to program it. It also served users of the microprocessor as a method to prototype
applications in products. Like Microcontroller, FPGA and PCB.
Amazon: Vidvek Infotech TLP 250 IGBT/Mosfet Driver 2 in One Blue
1.5.4 ACADEMIC PROJECTS
 B.E/B.Tech – EEE, ECE, TCE, CSE, IT, MECH.
 M.E/M.Tech – P.E&D, Power Systems, VLSI Design, Embedded Systems, Digital

Signal Processing, Digital Electronics and Communications, Applied Electronics, CSE &
MCA, Diploma – DEEE, DECE, DCSE,
1.5.5 TRAINING AND PLACEMENT
This Institute offers 24-Week Advanced Course in Embedded Systems. This course is designed
to offer application oriented training & real time exposure to students, there by provides for
bridging the gap between industry’s requirements and students’ academic skill set. By pursuing
the Institute’s Program in Embedded Systems the students gain ready acceptance in the market.

Institute’s Advanced Course in Embedded systems serves the interests of practicing embedded
software engineers as well as those engineers planning to enter the embedded field. The course
content of this Program is approved by the industry and it,
 Presents practical lessons and techniques for use in Designing, Implementing, Integrating
and Testing software for Modern Embedded Systems
 Describes what an embedded system is, what makes them different, and what embedded
systems designers need to know to develop embedded systems
 Provides the student with a life cycle view for designing multi-objective, multi-discipline
embedded systems
 Imparts a solid understanding of the role of embedded systems and embedded systems
design and development in modern day’s technology-enabled society
1.5.6 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(R&D) in Power Electronics, Communication, VLSI, Management, Image Processing,

Surveillance System, Computer Science, Information Technology, Bio-Medical and
Management. R&D unit is specially managed by most experience Doctorates Dr.Vinyanadatta
Kohir, Dr. TC Manjunath, and Dr.GK Guta (MBA)
1.6 OPERATION OF COMPANY
 EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and

software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically
designed for a particular function. Industrial machines, automobiles, medical
equipment, cameras.
 WEB DESIGN& MAINTENANCE

Web design is the process of creating websites. It encompasses several different aspects,
including webpage layout, content production, and graphic design. While the terms web
design and web development are often used interchangeably, web design is technically a subset
of the broader category of web

 DOMAIN REGISTER & HOSTING
A domain name registrar is an organization or commercial entity that manages the reservation
of internet domain names. A domain name registrar must be accredited by ageneric top-level
domain (gTLD) registry and/or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. The
management is done in accordance with the guidelines of the designateddomain name registries.
 POWER SYSTEM & POWER ELECTRONICS
Electric power systems are comprised of components that produce electrical

energy and transmit this energy to consumers which lower the voltage to the level
needed for the consumer equipment. The production and transmission.
 MATLAB
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates

computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment
where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation.
 VLSI
VLSI (very large-scale integration) is the current level of computer microchip

miniaturization and refers to microchips containing in the hundreds of thousands
of transistor s. LSI (large-scale integration) meant microchips containing
thousands of transistors.
 MECHATRONICS
Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary area of engineering that combines

mechanical and electrical engineering and computer science. A typical
mechatronic system picks up signals from the environment, processes them to
generate output signals.
 CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing, is a kind of

internet-based computing, where shared resources and information

are provided to computers and other devices on-demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
on-demand access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources.
 DATAMINING:
Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science

involving processes of data set discovery utilizing intersecting
methodologies (artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and
database system(s) etc. The overall goal of the data mining process is
transformative structural application(s). Aside from the raw analysis
step, it involves database and data management aspects, data pre-
processing, model and inference considerations, interestingness metrics, complexity
considerations, post-processing of discovered structures, visualization, and online updating.
 BIG DATA
'Big data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex

that traditional data processing applications are inadequate.
Challenges include analysis, capture, data curation, search,
sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and information
privacy. The term often refers simply to the use of
predictive analytics or other certain advanced methods to extract value from data, and seldom to
a particular size of data set. Accuracy in big data may lead to more confident decision making.
And better decisions can mean greater operational efficiency, cost reduction and reduced risk.
 JAVA/.Net
Whereas .Net needs a very heavy framework to be installed which have higher
Hardware requirements too compared to Java. C# is the most popular language
of .Net and is used to create any kind of programming like Web Application.
 ANDROID

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google as an open source Linux based
platform for third party companies to build off. The open nature of Android means
developers and manufacturers can work with the platform for free and change it.
 NS2
NS2 is an open-source simulation tool that runs on Linux. It is a discreet event

simulator targeted at networking research and provides substantial support for
simulation of routing, multicast protocols and IP protocols, such as UDP, TCP,
RTP and SRM.
CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

2.1 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

2.1.1 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP)
Digital signal processing (DSP) is the numerical manipulation of signals, usually with the
intention to measure, filter, produce or compress continuous analog signals. It is characterized by
the use of digital signals to represent these signals as discrete time, discrete frequency, or other
discrete domain signals in the form of a sequence of numbers or symbols to permit the digital
processing of these signals.
Theoretical analyses and derivations are typically performed on discrete-time signal

models, created by the abstract process of sampling. Numerical methods require a digital signal,
such as those produced by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The processed result might be a
frequency spectrum or a set of statistics. But often it is another digital signal that is converted
back to analog form by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Even if that whole sequence is
more complex than analog processing and has a discrete value range, the application of
computational power to signal processing allows for many advantages over analog processing in
many applications, such as error detection and correction in transmission as well as data
compression.
Digital signal processing and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing.
DSP applications include audio and speech signal processing, sonar and radar signal processing,
sensor array processing, spectral estimation, statistical signal processing, digital image
processing, signal processing for communications, control of systems, biomedical signal
processing, seismic data processing, among others. DSP algorithms have long been run on
standard computers, as well as on specialized processors called digital signal processors, and on
purpose-built hardware such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASICs). Currently, there

are additional technologies used for digital signal processing including more powerful general
purpose microprocessors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal controllers
(mostly for industrial applications such as motor control), and stream processors, among others.
Digital signal processing can involve linear or nonlinear operations. Nonlinear signal
processing is closely related to nonlinear system identification and can be implemented in the
time, frequency, and spatio-temporal domains.
 APPLICATIONS OF DSP
The main applications of DSP are audio signal processing, audio compression, digital image
processing, video compression, speech processing, speech recognition, digital communications,
radar, sonar, financial signal processing, seismology and biomedicine. Specific examples are
speech compression and transmission in digital mobile phones, room correction of sound in hi-fi
and sound reinforcement applications, weather forecasting, economic forecasting, seismic data
processing, analysis and control of industrial processes, medical imaging such as CAT scans and
MRI, MP3 compression, computer graphics, image manipulation, hi-fi loudspeaker crossovers
and equalization, and audio effects for use with electric guitar amplifiers.
2.1.2 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Digital image processing deals with manipulation of digital images through a digital
computer. It is a subfield of signals and systems but focus particularly on images. DIP focuses
on developing a computer system that is able to perform processing on an image. The input of
that system is a digital image and the system process that image using efficient algorithms, and
gives an image as an output. The most common example is Adobe Photoshop. It is one of the
widely used application for processing digital images.
 APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Some of the major fields in which digital image processing is widely used are mentioned below
 Image sharpening and restoration
 Medical field
 Remote sensing
 Transmission and encoding
 Machine/Robot vision
 Color processing
 Pattern recognition
 Video processing
 Microscopic Imaging
2.1.3 DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING
A video signal is the term used to describe any sequence of time varying images. A still
image is a spatial distribution of intensities that remain constant with time while a time varying
image has a spatial intensity distribution that varies with time. Movies (films) and television are
both examples of video signals as are the signals that drive computer monitor, laptop and PDA
displays. It is widely expected that video communications in particular will be the next
application driving the mobile and handheld device market. This course should give you the
tools to understand the components that are necessary for such systems to operate effectively

 APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING
 Motion tracking
 HD videos
 Video Editing
 Surveillance cameras
 video compression
 Video coding
2.1.4 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger

mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.It is embedded as
part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems
control many devices in common use today.
Examples of properties typical of embedded computers when compared with general-purpose

ones are low power consumption, small size, rugged operating ranges, and low per-unit cost.
This comes at the price of limited processing resources, which make them significantly more
difficult to program and to interface with. However, by building intelligence mechanisms on the
top of the hardware, taking advantage of possible existing sensors and the existence of a network
of embedded units, one can both optimally manage available resources at the unit and network

levels as well as provide augmented functionalities, well beyond those available. For example,
intelligent techniques can be designed to manage power consumption of embedded systems.
Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (i.e. CPUs with
integrated memory or peripheral interfaces) but ordinary microprocessors (using external chips
for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are also still common, especially in more complex
systems. In either case, the processor(s) used may be types ranging from general purpose to
those specialised in certain class of computations, or even custom designed for the application at
hand. A common standard class of dedicated processors is the digital signal processor (DSP).
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize
it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Some
embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players,
to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, and largely complex
systems like hybrid vehicles, MRI, and avionics. Complexity varies from low, with a single
microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside
a large chassis or enclosure.
2.1.5 ROBOTICS
Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic

engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and
application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and
information processing.
These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in
dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance,

behavior, and/or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the
field of bio-inspired robotics.
The concept of creating machines that can operate autonomously dates back to classical
times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow substantially
until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been frequently assumed that robots will one
day be able to mimic human behavior and manage tasks in a human-like fashion. Today,
robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue; researching, designing,
and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially,
or militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, mines
and exploring shipwrecks.
 APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS
 Space Robotics
 Underwater Robotics
 Electric Mobility
 Logistics, Production and Consumer (LPC)
 Search and Rescue (SAR) & Security Robotics
 Assistance- and Rehabilitation Systems
 Agricultural Robotics
2.1.6 VLSI DESIGN
Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by

combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when complex
semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. The microprocessor is a
VLSI device. Before the introduction of VLSI technology most ICs had a limited set of functions

they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU, ROM, RAM and other glue
logic. VLSI lets IC designers add all of these into one chip.
 APPLICATIONS OF VLSI DESIGN
 Application-specific integrated circuit
 Caltech Cosmic Cube
 Design rules checking
 Electronic design automation
 Poly silicon
 Mead & Conway revolution
2.2 TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES ADOPTED
 SOFTWARE ADOPTED
 Mentor Graphics(Cadance Tool) – For Analog Desgin
 Mentor Graphics(ModelSim) – For Digital Design based on VHDL, Verilog and

System Verilog
 Quartus II 10.1 for VLSI Based Design and Development
 Spice Tools – NGSpice, H-Spice, PSpice and PSCAD
 Vivado Xilinx -2017
 Xilinx ISE Design Suite
 Matlab & Simulink
 Multi-Sim & NI Simulator
 DSCH & Mirowind – Analog Design
 HFSS for Antenna Simulation

 Embedded Programming- Micro Keill, PIC Kit2, and MP Lab
 HARDWAR ADOPTED
 FPGA -Alter Cyclone II & IV, Spartan Kitsand Mojo FPGA
 Microcontroller - PIC, ARM, Raspberry Pi, AVR, 8051, Atmega, Cortex
 DSP - TMS320C6416
 Wireless Communication – IOT, WIFI, Bluetooth, Zigbee and GSM
2.3 ON GOING R& D PROJECTS
 Wireless Communication
 Internet of Things
 Security and Surveillance System
 GSM based remote control of Industrial process,
 Image compression/decompression, MP3 coding and decoding,
 Finger print classification, Hand tracking; Gesture recognition
 Embedded systems,
 ANN based alphanumeric classification,
 Face detection, Signature recognition, Speech recognition,
 Office/Library Automation, Device drivers (Linux/Windows),
 Simulation of power diodes, Radar Target detection, 3phase motor performance
 Face Recognition Using DCT-HMM Approach
 MIMO Communication System
 Critical Analysis of MIMO Communication System

CHAPTER 3
TASK PERFORMED
3.1 OVERVIEW
Now a day’s water crisis is no one global risk. One drop of water waste can be vary for us. 750
million people around the world lack access to safe water [1]. Today in world when people try to
solve these problem one unseen problem stand up now. Water wasted by full tank is now a
comparatively risk problem. This design is to solve that problem. This design not only indicates
the amount of water present in the overhead tank but also gives an indication when the tank is
full. This design uses widely PIC microcontroller 18F452, bilateral switches to indicate the
water level through LCD display. When the water is empty the wires in the tank are open
circuited and resistor pulls the switch low hence and open the switch. As the water fill in the first
reservoir tank its fill-up percentage shown in the LCD display. Today in the world most of the
developing countries using this in their home and also industries.
All probes used to implement should be made by aluminum. Need of a water level indicator are
shown below:
 Overflow problems.
 To prevent wastage of energy.
 To prevent wastage of water.
 Attention.
 Observation.
 Automatic switch off

What is a Water Level Indicator?
The water level indicator is defined as a system which gets the information about the water level
in reservoirs or in tanks which is used in homes. By using the water level indicator we can
overcome the overflow of water from the tankers.
Water Level Alarm Circuit Using 555 Timer
The following circuit is the water level alarm circuit by using the 555 timer IC. It produces a
clear sound when the water level reaches its level point. The power supply of the circuit is about
3V thus the circuit is quite handy to use. This circuit is based on the astable muiltivibrator which
is wired around IC1 and the IC is NE555. The operating frequency of the astable multivibrator
depends on the values of components like capacitor C1, resistors R1 and R2 and the resistance
across the probes at A and B. If the water is not up to the level of probes than the open circuit.
Water Level Alarm Circuit Using 555timer
If the water is not upto the level of probes than the open circuit astable muiltivibrator will not
produce any oscillation. Thus, there is no sound produced by the circuit. If the water level
reaches the probes then the current flows in the water, hence the sound is produced by the
circuit. Therefore, astable multivibrator produces an oscillation which is proportional to the
values of C1, R1 & R2 and resistors across the probes. Now the buzzer will produce beep sound
to indicate the water level is reached to the level.

If the water is not up to the level of probes than the open circuit astable muiltivibrator will not
produce any oscillation. Thus, there is no sound produced by the circuit. If the water level
reaches the probes then the current flows in the water, hence the sound is produced by the
circuit. Therefore, astable multivibrator produces an oscillation which is proportional to the
values of C1, R1 & R2 and resistors across the probes. Now the buzzer will produce beep sound
to indicate the water level is reached to the level.
3.2 TECHNICAL PAPER REFERRED
Hyo Sub Choi ; Deepak Ghimire “A study on river water level monitoring method in a debris
barrier” SoC Design Conference (ISOCC), 2016 International 26 Oct. 2016
In this paper, the river water level monitoring method in a debris barrier is presented.
There are four steps in this proposed solution: Frame difference, Thresholding & Noise
refinement, Candidate point detection, and Classification. The proposed method is able to
calculate water flow occupancy value and monitor the change in water flow in a dam. This
technique is very efficient to give warning in case of there is any abrupt change in water flow in
the river
Real time measurement of water level using admittance method and fuzzy based
linearizer Sensing Technology (ICST), 2016 10th International Conference on 1-13 Nov. 2016
Admittance type level transmitter is not popular in industries. Because it has significant
cross sensitivity in temperature and ionic concentration of the liquid, thus producing unreliable
results in the measurement. Theoretical study was already being made successfully to remove
cross sensitivity using fuzzy based linearizing system in MATLAB platform. In this paper real-
time linearization has been attempted using NI Labview and data acquisition system based on
early experience. Result from real-time measurement reveals good linearized, reliable and
acceptable output. Therefore this approach may be a gateway to develop continuous
measurement of level in industrial process using admittance method.
“Automatic water level sensor and controller system” Beza Negash Getu ; Hussain A. Attia
Electronic Devices, Systems and Applications (ICEDSA), 2016 5th International Conference on
6-8 Dec. 2016
In this paper, we investigate the design of a water level sensor device that is able to
detect and control the level of water in a certain water tank or a similar water storage system.

The system firstly senses the amount of water available in the tank by the level detector part and
then adjusts the state of the water pump in accordance to the water level information. This
electronic design achieves automation through sequential logic implemented using a flip flop. A
seven segment display and a relay-based motor pump driving circuit are part of this integrated
design. The water pump automatically turns on and starts filling the tank when the water level is
empty or level ONE and turned-off and stop filling the tank when water level reaches maximum-
level NINE; furthermore, the water pump will remain in its standstill state from level EIGHT
down to TWO when the level is decreasing due to water consumption.
3.3 REQUIRED COMPONENTS
Capacitors: Capacitor has ability to store charge and release them at a later time. Capacitance is
the measure of the amount of charge that a capacitor can store for a given applied voltage. The
unit of capacitance is the farad (F) or microfarad. The capacitors used in the circuit is an
electrolytic capacitor. The value and voltage rating of the electrolytic capacitor can be directly
read from the capacitor itself. The electrolytic capacitor should be used with proper polarity. In
the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used as a bypass capacitor. Any noise variation in the
circuit is removed by the capacitor [3].
Water Sensors: Simple wires can be placed in the water tank. As the current required to pass
through the wire is in nano amps. But if need then place carbon rods at the end of wires which
can be extracted from the 1.5v AA cell. These carbon rods should be thoroughly washed.
Transistor: Any npn transistor will work here.
LM7805: This is the 5v regulator used to power up the whole circuit. Seven Segments: These are
used to display water level. Common cathode seven segments are used.
LCD: Common 16x2 LCD can be used in this circuit.
LED Bar: J7 is the 10 LEDs bar.
Diodes: Any diode 1N4007 or 1N4148 or any other general purpose diode will work here.
LS2 Buzzer: Any 5v buzzer will work here.
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

The power supply unit is used to provide a constant 5V of DC supply from a 230V of AC supply.
These 5V DC will acts as power to different standard circuits. It mainly consists of follwing
blocks.
Block Diagram Of Power Supply
( Step Down Transformer ) Regulated Power Supply

Board)
Power Supply Schematic Diagram :
B. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
The software used are as follows:

1. Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a cross-platform

application (for Windows, mac OS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java.
We use this to write and upload the code for the RFID components.
2. Proteus Design Suite: The Proteus Design Suite is a software tool suite used primarily for
electronic design automation. This software was used for simulating the circuit.
3.4 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The operation of this project is very simple. In this project “water level indicator” there are 3
main conditions:
1. There is no water available in the source tank.
2. Intermediate level i.e. either of 3rd to 7th level.
3. There is ample amount of water available in the source tank.
Condition 1: Water not available When the tank is empty there is no conductive path between
any of the 8 indicating probes and the common probe (which is connected to 5v+ supply) so the
sensor region will not have sufficient biasing voltage hence it remains in cut off region and the
output across its collector will be Vc approximately 4.2v. As in this case the microcontroller is
used in the active low region (which means it considers 0-2 volts for HIGH and 3-5 volts for
LOW) now the output of transistor which is 4.2v approximately will be considered as LOW by
the microcontroller and hence the default value given by microcontroller to the seven segment
display is 0 which indicates as the tank is empty.
Condition 2: Intermediate levels Now as the water starts filling in the tank a conductive path is
established between the sensing probes and the common probe and the corresponding transistors
get sufficient biasing at their base, they starts conducting and now the outputs will be Vce (i.e.
1.2v-1.8v) approximately which is given to microcontroller [4]. Here the microcontroller is
programmed as a priority encoder which detects the highest priority input and displays
corresponding water level in the seven segment display. In this project while the water level
reaches the 7th level i.e. last but one level along with display in seven segment a discontinuous
buzzer is activated which warns user that tank is going to be full soon.

Condition 3: Water full When the tank becomes full, the top level probe gets the conductive
path through water and the corresponding transistor gets into conduction whose output given to
microcontroller with this input microcontroller not only displays the level in seven segment
display but also activates the continuous buzzer by which user can understand that tank is full
and can switch off the motor and save water [5].
Water Level Indicator
The water level alarm circuit is a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in
the overhead tank and also in the other containers. Nowadays, all the householders/owners are
storing the water in overhead tanks by using the pumps. When the water is stored in the tank, no
one can identify the level of water and also, no one can know when the water tank will fill.
Hence there is an overflow of water in the tank, thus there is a wastage of energy and water. To
resolve this type of problems by using the water level alarm circuit of a 555 timer it helps and
indicated the level of water in the overhead tanks. The cost of the water level alarm circuit low
and its use full for the overhead water tanks, swimming pool boilers, etc.. The water level alarm
circuits are used in the factories, chemical plants, and electrical substations and also in other
liquid storage system
Applications of Water Level Indicator
 The water level indicator is used in Hotels, Home apartments, commercial complex, and
in factories.
 The pumps used in the water level indicator are single phase motor, submersible motor,
and in three phase motor.
 By using the two motors, two sumps, two overhead tanks we cannot control by a single
circuit.

 Automatically the pump will switch ON/OFF when the water level in the tank is empty
and full.
 We can also measure the fuel level in motor vehicles
 The liquid level containers are huge in the companies
Advantages of Water Level Indicator
 The water level indicators are low cost in the market

 Any person can identify the water level easily by hearing the beep sound
 By using this we can control the water level safely and easily
CHAPTER 4
SPECIFIC OUTCOME
4.1 RESULTS

Figure Result Displaying
4.2 EXPERIENCE AND ASSESSMENT
Experience at the company satisfactory, the people work in co-ordination and the company
environment is very safe and studious. The reason to choose this company was that it was
offering internship in wireless which is my core specialization in UG Degree and I wanted to
benefit from this experience, also I got to learn new tools like Arduino IDE, Proteus Design
Suite.
I used to spend nearly 5 to 6 hours daily in the company trying out with different circuits and
make their layout manually. I think my guide who was always there by my side throughout my
internship process giving me advice, feedback and tips on how the people work in an industry
environment.
On the whole, this internship was a useful experience. I have gained new knowledge, skills and
met many new people. Internships help us to learn more about our self. Through an internship,
we come to know clarity on our strengths, weaknesses, and interests.
Internships increase our professional confidence and also improve our communication skills.
Through an internship, we get a chance to learn what it is really like to work in a company, in an
industry, and in various job functions. Internships help us to develop better work habits and learn

how to manage tasks/projects and learn how to carry our self in a professional environment. We
can also learn from our colleagues by observing their positive and negative work habits.
4.4 TECHNICAL OUTCOMES
We studied about basics of Basic C Programming, Digital Logic, Computer Organization

Assembly Programming knowledge on Embedded C from the scratch.
4.5 NON-TECHNICAL OUTCOMES

 Developed analytical skills
 Developed problem solving skills
 Improvement in verbal and written communication skills
 Effective utilization of resources
 Effective time management
 Loss of stage fear
 Learnt the methods of writing technical articles
 Improvement in presentation skills
 Personality development
 Learnt the importance of team work and group discussions
 Better coordination and interaction with people
 Stress management
 Exposure to innovative ideas.
4.6 NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS
 Procedure to be followed to apply technical papers for several conferences
 Method of preparing technical papers

 IEEE format for technical papers
 Improved oral and written communication
 How to face the crowd
 Overall personality development
 How to interact with people
 Improved level of confidence

 Method of paper presentation

 Improved typing speed.
4.7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
Interpersonal skills influence business cultures because they affect job performance, which in
turn helps to decide the outcome of a company's success. Interpersonal skills include interaction
with others, good communication skills, listening skills and attitude. Companies should realize
that interpersonal skills are not learned in a classroom; rather they are characteristics that an
individual may possess naturally.
Interpersonal skills allow people to communicate effectively, handle conflicts and respond to
others' needs accordingly. In an ever-changing job market, these skills teach workers and
business owners how to be agile, solve complex problems, perform critical thinking on their feet
and manage diverse relationships both internally and externally. Measuring a potential
employee's ability to interact with others in a respectful and appropriate manner determines how
we likely to thrive in a team-oriented environment.
Some of the major factors that make up a person's interpersonal skills are diplomacy,
helpfulness, optimism, influence and flexibility. Also vital arecollaboration skills, empathy,
tolerance and frankness. These characteristics often align with corporate culture as well as small
business culture.
Ways to improve interpersonal skills include touring different sites, managing by walking
around, arranging lunches and corresponding consistently via phone or email. Having good
interpersonal skills promotes approachability, likability and comfort. Managers who possess
strong interpersonal skills motivate their staff to challenge themselves and do a better job. Most
importantly, they make workers feel as if they can go to their bosses with any problems or
concerns.
Both verbal and non-verbal interpersonal skills are extremely important when it comes to a
company's success. When you can speak to people in an articulate manner, you avoid
communication errors and are more likely to have happy customers. It's just as important to
maintain the correct tone of voice as well. Non-verbal communication consists of facial
expressions, hand gestures and body language. It can also determine whether or not your

interaction results in a satisfied customer. When you combine both verbal and non-verbal skills,
the result is a powerful demeanor that may help to determine the success of a company.In
addition, superb interpersonal skills encompass listening skills, problem-solving, decision-
making and negotiation skills. The ability to communicate internally with employees and
coworkers is just as important as building and maintaining solid relationships with customers.
4.8 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Personality development grooms an individual and helps to make a mark of them self’s in
society. Individuals need to have a style of their own for others to follow them. Do not blindly
copy others. We need to set an example for people around. Personality development not only
looks us good and presentable but also helps us to face the world with a smile.
Personality development goes a long way in reducing stress and conflicts. It encourages
individuals look at the brighter side of lifePersonality development helps us to develop a positive
attitude in life. An individual with a negative attitude finds a problem in every situation. It is
essential for individuals to behave well with people around. Being polite with others will not
only make an individual popular among other people, but also helps to earn respect and pride.
Personality development helps us to differentiate our personal and professional life. It is really
essential to keep a balance between both the lives to lead a peaceful and stress free
life.Personality development helps an individual to inculcate positive qualities like punctuality,
flexible attitude, willingness to learn, friendly nature, eagerness to help others and so on.

REFERENCES
[1]. Yuihana, J. B.(2014),World Health organization (WHO) yearly magazine “Burden of disease
from inadequate water, sanitation around the world” Volume 19, pp 89-90.
[2]. Abdullah, A. (2008). ; Eater Level in Tank acing Sensors and P1D Controller. Btech Thesis,
University Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, 123 p.
[3]. Yu, land Hahn. (2010). Remote Detection and Monitoring of .water level using narrow
capacitor. J. Information Science and Engineering.26: 71-82.
[4]. Um, J. H. (2000) 'inquiry of special quality of supersonic sensor for water level by non-
contact, "The Bulletin of Korea Environment Engineers Association, Vol. 162:.3036.
[5]. Pandey • A. Chowdary, V.M. Mal. B.C. Billy. M. (2009) Application of the WEPP model
for prioritization and evaluation of water level indicator. Ifrdrol Process. 23, 2997-3005.
[6]. Lee, B. Y. and Park B. Y. (1999)" Development of high precision underground water level
meter using a buoyant rod load cell technique," KSAFM, Vol. I: 1-5.
[7]. Ken, P. Y. Tack. Y. H. Jong, K. S. Ho. S. M. and Yong, J. S.( 2004 )-Development of real
time flood monitoring system composed of CCD camera and water level gauge Collection of
Learned Papery of Fall Conferences of Korean Society Railway, pp. 224- 228.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Name Vidvek Infotech Private Limited

Registration Vidvek Infotech Private Limited

Tag line Quick and Reliable Solutions

Founder Vivekanand M Bonal & SUMAN

Registered Year 2018

Establishing Year 2012

Products VLSI design, Web Development, Research Out-Sourcing, Digital

Affiliations Karnataka, Telangana

Registered and Verifying Govt. of INDIA

1.2 ABOUT COMPANY

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 1

 MISSION AND VISION

NSDC ACCREDITATION NO: TP097994

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 2

National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a not-for-profit public limited company

 Accreditation No: VTP0003630

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 3

 LAVISH CONSULTANCY PRIVATE LIMITED

Delta Semiconductor Technologies Pvt.Ltd is a Bangalore start-up company which provides

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 4

Innovetech Pro Solutions Pvt.Ltd.,

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 5

Sooxma Technologies is based in Hyderabad is a leading organization providing excellent

1.5 SERVICES OFFERED

1. Lab Equipment’s/ Educational Board

5. Training and Placement

6. Research & Development

1.5.1 LAB EQUIPMENTS/ EDUCATIONAL BOARD

1.5.2 SOFTWARE SERVICES

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 6

1.5.3 DEVELOPMENT BOARDS

Amazon: Vidvek Infotech TLP 250 IGBT/Mosfet Driver 2 in One Blue

1.5.4 ACADEMIC PROJECTS

 B.E/B.Tech – EEE, ECE, TCE, CSE, IT, MECH.

 M.E/M.Tech – P.E&D, Power Systems, VLSI Design, Embedded Systems, Digital

1.5.5 TRAINING AND PLACEMENT

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 7

1.5.6 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

(R&D) in Power Electronics, Communication, VLSI, Management, Image Processing,

1.6 OPERATION OF COMPANY

An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and

 WEB DESIGN& MAINTENANCE

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 8

 DOMAIN REGISTER & HOSTING

 POWER SYSTEM & POWER ELECTRONICS

Electric power systems are comprised of components that produce electrical

MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates

VLSI (very large-scale integration) is the current level of computer microchip

Mechatronics is an interdisciplinary area of engineering that combines

Cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing, is a kind of

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 9

Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science

'Big data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 10

NS2 is an open-source simulation tool that runs on Linux. It is a discreet event

ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 11

2.1 SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

Theoretical analyses and derivations are typically performed on discrete-time signal

ECE Sharnbasva University Kalaburgi 12

2.1.2 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

 APPLICATIONS OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING