1990512028, 11:54 Ive Address Types Search Q © IPv6 Address Types Lesson Contents 1. Unicast 1.1. Global Unicast 41.2, Unique Local 1.3.Link-Local 1.4.Site-Local 1.5. Unspecified 1.6. Loopback 2. Multicast 3. Anycast IPv6 looks different than IPv4 but there are some similarities, For example we have unicast addresses and we still have a “public” nd “private” range, We use different narnes for these but the idea is the same. One of the differences is that IPv6 has some additional unicast address types. We still have multicast, same idea but we use different addresses. There are also some reserved addresses that are similar to their IPv4 counterparts. Something new is anycast, an address that can be assigned on multiple devices so that packets are always routed to the closest destination. Also, broadcast traffic doesn't exist in IPv6 anymore. In this lesson welll take a look at all the different address types and Ill explain what they look like and how we use them. 1, Unicast © Unicast IPv6 addresses are similar to unicast IPv4 addresses. These are meant to configure on one interface so that you can send and receive IPv6 packets. There are a number of different unicast address types that we'll discuss here. hitpsnetworklessons.comiiscolece-ruting-switchingipvS-addressypes 181990512028, 11:54 Ive Address Types a Internet. The big difference with IPv4 however, is that IPv6 has so much address space that we can use global unicast addresses on any device in the network. 1.2. Unique Local Unique local addresses work like the IPv4 private addresses. You can use these addresses on your own network if you don’t intend to connect to the Internet or if you plan to use IPv6 NAT. The advantage of unique local addresses is that you don't need to register at an authority to get some address space. The FC00::/7 prefix is reserved for unique local addresses, however when you implement this you have to set the L-bit to 1 which means that the first two digits will be FD. Here's an example <— 8 bit—_ > <+—_40 bit» #16 bit-»> <«————64 bit» Sica ah Let's discuss all the fields of the unique local address. The first 7 bits indicate that we have a unique local address, 1111 110 in binary is FC in hexadecimal, However, the L bit (8th bit) has to be set to 1 so we end up with 1111 1101 which is FD in hexadecimal. The global ID (40 bits) is something you can make up. Normally an ISP would choose a prefix but now it's up to you to think of something. What's left is 16 bits that we can use for different subnets. This gives us a 64- bit prefix, what's left is 64 bits for the interface ID. Let's work on an example...let’s say that we have a LAN and we want to use unique local IPv6 addresses and we require 10 subnets: * The prefix starts with FD. * We have 40 bits for the global ID, each hexadecimal character represents 4 bits so we can pick 10 hexadecimal characters. Let's use AB:1234:5678 as the global ID. * Our first subnet will start with 0000, Here's what welll end up with: foe ses [om | nen FDAB:1234:5678:0000::/64 will be our first subnet. The other subnets could look like this: hitpsnetworklessons.comiiscolece-ruting-switchingipvS-addressypes 261990512028, 11:54 IPv6 Address Types a © FDAB;1234:5678:0002::/64 © FDAB:1234:5678:0003::/64 * FDAB;1234:5678:0004::/64 © FDAB:1234:5678:0005::/64 * And so on, If you are just messing around with IPV6 then you could use a simple global ID like 00:0000:0000 which is nice because you can shorten it to ::. For production networks, it's better to pick something that is truly unique. When you want to connect multiple sites that use unique local addresses then you want to make sure you don't have overlapping global IDs. 1,3. Link-Local Link-local addresses are something new in IPv6. As the wording implies, these addresses only work on the local link, we never route these addresses. These addresses are used to send and receive IPv6 packets on a single subnet. When you enable IPv6 on an interface then the device will automatically create a link-local address. We use the link-local address for things like neighbor discovery (the replacement for ARP) and as the next hop address for routes in your routing table. You will learn more about this when you work through the static route and OSPFV3 lessons. We use the FE80::/10 range for link-local addresses, this means that the first 10 bits are 1111 1110 10, Here's what it looks like: —<— 10 bit > <+—_—§{_ 54 bit—_—_—_> +m — 64 bi_—_—_—_> ames Ce ‘The first 10 bits are always 1111 1110 10 which means that we start with FE80. Technically the following are all valid link-local addresses: © FE8-1111 11101000 + Fe9-1111 11101001 © © FEA- 11111110 1010 + FeB—1111 1110 1011 hitpsnetworklessons.comiiscolece-ruting-switchingipvS-addressypes a61990512028, 11:54 Ive Address Types a 1.4, Site-Local The site local range was originally meant to be the “private range” for IPv6. It has been deprecated though and nowadays we use the unique local addresses instead. For these addresses we used the FECO://10 range (1111 1110 11 in binary) Ifyou are interested why they gave up on the site local addresses then you can read RFC 3879 for the full story. 1.5. Unspecified The 0;0;0;0;0;0;0:0 address is called the unspecified address, :; is the shortened version of this address. It should never be configured on a host and is used to indicate that the host doesn't have any address. 1.6. Loopback the 0:0:0:0: to send an IPv6 packet to themselves which is typically used for testing, It should never be assigned to any 11 address is called the loopback address, the short version is :"1. IPV6 devices can use this physical interfaces. This address is the equivalent of IPv4's 127.0.0.1 address. 2. Multicast In IPV6 we use multicast for IPv6 (routing) protocols and for user traffic. We use the FF:/8 prefix for multicast traffic (11111111 in binary). Let’s take a look what the addresses look like: 8 bit ed bit ed bit 112 bit > imac Esa | court | The first 8 bits indicates that we have a multicast address. The next 4 bits are used to set flags, these are used for some special things like embedded RP. The scope bits are used to tell the “scope” of this multicast traffic. You can use this to indicate that the multicast traffic should be restricted to link-local, organization local or global (Internet) Below you will find an overview with some of the most common IPv6 multicast addresses: © * FFO2::1 - all nodes on local network segment. + FFO2::2 - all routers on local network segment. hitpsnetworklessons.comiiscolece-ruting-switchingipvS-addressypes 4061990512028, 11:54 IPv6 Address Types a © FFO2::9 - RIPng routers © FFO2::A~ EIGRP routers Ifyou look closely you can see some of these addresses are similar to their IPv4 multicast counterparts. For example, in IPv4 we use 224.0.0.05 and 224.0.0.6 for OSPF while we use FFO2::5 and FFO2::6 for ipv6. We Use 224.0.0.9 for RIPV2 and FFO2::9 for RIPng. 3, Anycast ‘The anycast address is new in IPv6. The same address can be assigned to multiple devices and advertised in a routing protocol. When you send a packet to an anycast address then it will be delivered to the closest, interface. Something similar is possible in IPv4 but it was never “officially” possible. There is no specifix prefix for anycast addresses. Any unicast address that you use on more than one device is suddenly an anycast address. The only difference is that you have to configure the device and tell that the address will be used for anycast. Previous Lesson Next Lesson How to find the IPV6 prefix IPv6 Address Assignment J Example Forum Replies a an you please elaborate on Anycast addresses? The concept is still pretty confusing, Hi Dhananiay, Anycst basicaly means that we configure te same ares on multiple devices and then adverse he ada, ©) retin protocol. For example, you oul do this for a DNS seve, Depending on where you are located, you will always be routed to the closest DNS server. hitpsnetworklessons.comiiscolece-ruting-switchingipvS-addressypes 561990512028, 11:54 IPv6 Address Types Rene lbmufa Rene’ what isi am i expected to know for the CCNA exam with regards to IPvS. | want to learn this for long haul but don't want to bogg myself down at this juncture which only delays my re-certification bed my CCENT expires @ Rene - why is it even worth to mention FC00:/7 as unique local when we eventually going to convert it to FD? not sure if this question will help me understand any better but mm curious QR Fovematenar Hilt, The official answer is that RFC 4193 has specified FC00:/7 to use for local IPV6 unicast addresses. Here's what they say about the 8th bit (bit) © Seto if prefixis localy assigned, © Set to 0 may be defined in the future, So in reality, the only thing we use is FD and thats probably the only thing well ever see but who knows. This could be ‘a good exam trick question though, asking people what the official prefix is for IPv6 local unicast addresses. Rene 1 60 more replies! Ask a question or join the discussion by visiting our Community Forum Disclaimer Privacy Policy Support About © ctri+m © 2013 - 2023 NetworkLessons.cun: 22102 hnps:networklessons.comiciscalecie-routng-switchinglipvS-address-types 36