NETWORKING INTERVIEW

QUESTION
 What is Network ?

Network is defined as a set of devices connected to each other using a physical transmission medium.

• For Example, A computer network is a group of computers connected with each other to communicate
and share information and resources like hardware, data, and software. In a network, nodes are used
to connect two or more networks.
 What is a Node ?
• A node is a point where a connection is established. It is a network component that is used to send,
receive and forward the electronic information. A device connected to a network is also termed as
Node
• A physical network node may either be data communication equipment (DCE) such as a modem,
hub, bridge or switch; or data terminal equipment (DTE) such as a digital telephone handset, a
printer or a host computer
 What is LAN ?
• LAN stands for Local Area Network. It refers to the connection between computers and other
network devices that are located within a small physical location.
 What is network topology ?

• Network Topology refers to the layout of a computer network. It shows how devices and cables are
physically laid out, as well as how they connect.
 What does a backbone network ?

• A backbone network is a centralized infrastructure that is designed to distribute different routes and
data to various networks
 What are routers ?

• The router is a network device that connects two or more network segments. A routers is a device
that send data packets in a network . Its uses L3 layer of OSI model
• Router is a type of computer because it contains RAM,ROM,OS etc. but it’s made for specific task .
like how to connect two network , how to define the best path to communicate with diff router etc
• Its uses different protocol like (RIP,OSPF,BGP,MPLS)
 What is OSI model ?
• OSI stands for open system interconnect . It’s a conceptual model that defines how applications can
communicate with each other over a networking system.

• Physical layer
• Data link layer
• Network layer
• Transport layer
• Session layer
• Presentation layer
• Application layer
OSI MODEL ARCHITECTURE
 What is TCP/IP model ?

• The TCP/IP Reference Model. TCP/IP means Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. It

is the network model used in the current Internet architecture
• the communications suite used to transmit data on the internet.
• Networking equipment works on TCP/IP model
 What is Ethernet switch ?
• An Ethernet switch is a device used to build a network connection b/w the attached devices .
• Its works on layer 2/3 of OSI model
• Data is transferred the form of frame
• It’s a full-duplex device
• Its switch data from one point to anthor
• Its store mac-address of the source and destination

• Types of Ethernet switches

• Unmanaged switches
• Managed switches
• Smart switch (not fully managed )
• L2/L3 switches
• POE switches > POE+ switch > UPOE switch
• Reverse POE switches
 What is switching ?
• Switching is a technique can control nodes and switch data or signal b/w specific point in network

• Types of switching
• circuit switching
• Packet switching
• message switching
 What is routing ?
• A Routing is a process of selecting path along which the data can be transferred from source to the
destination. Routing is performed by a special device known as a router
• Routing is working on layer 3
• In routing data is transferred in the form of packets
• Routing is performed many types of networks
• Ex – PSTN, internet
 What is NIC ?

• NIC is Network Interface Card. This is a peripheral card that is attached to a PC in order to connect to a
network. Every NIC has its own MAC address that identifies the PC on the network.
 Explain unicast, multicast and broadcast ?

• Unicast -  unicast refers to a one-to-one transmission from one point in the network to another
point; that is, one sender and one receiver, each identified by a network address
Downloading the files from the FTP server is also the best example of unicast communication

• Multicast - multicast is group communication where data transmission is addressed to a

group of destination computers simultaneously.
Sending e-mail to a particular mailing group can also be considered as the example of
multicast communication.
• Broadcast - It is a communication technique in which data communication takes place among all the
devices available in the network.
• a radio station broadcasts a signal to many listeners,
• a local area network can be configured so that any device on the network can broadcast a message to
all the others.

• Telecast - A telecast is a television broadcast communication.

 How many types of modes in data transferring ?

• Simplex: Data transferring which takes place only in one direction is called Simplex.
ex- the print signal given from computer to printer.

• Half Duplex: Data transferring in both directions but not at the same time.
Ex- Browsing through the internet, a user sends the request to the server and later the server
processes the request and sends back the web page.

• Full Duplex: Data transferring in both directions simultaneously

ex-two-lane roads where traffic flows in both directions, communication through
telephone, etc.
 Difference b/w HUB and switch ?

Basis of Comparison Hub Switch

Description Hub is a networking device that A switch is a control unit that turns
connects the multiple devices to a single the flow of electricity on or off in a circuit.
network.

Layer Hubs are used at the physical layer. Switches are used at the data link
layer.

Transmission type Transmission type can be unicast, Initially, the transmission type is
broadcast or multicast. broadcast and then is unicast.

Ports Hub has 4/12 ports. The switch has 24/48 ports.

Transmission mode Half duplex Half/Full duplex.

Collisions Collisions occur commonly in a Hub. No collisions occur in a full duplex

switch.

Data transmission form Electrical signal is a data transmission A Frame is a data transmission form
form of a hub. of a switch.
What is the diff. b/w router and switch ?
 Difference b/w CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA

CSMA/CD CSMA/CA

Full form of CSMA/CD is carrier sense multiple Full form of CSMA/CA is carrier sense multiple access
access with collision detection. with carrier avoidance.

CSMA/CD detects the collision, and once the

CSMA/CA does not deal with the recovery of the
collision is detected, then it stops continuing
collision.
the data transmission.

Wireless installation is used in a CSMA/CA as it avoids

Wired installation is used in a CSMA/CD to
the collision. Therefore, it does not need a wired
detect the collision.
network.

An 802.3 Ethernet network uses CSMA/CD. An 802.11 ethernet network uses CSMA/CA.

CSMA/CD takes effect after the occurrence of a CSMA/CA takes effect before the occurrence of a
collision. collision.
 What is TCP 3 way handshake ?

• THREE-WAY handshake or a TCP 3-way handshake is a process that is used in a TCP/IP network to
make a connection between the server and client. It is a three-step process that requires both the
client and server to exchange synchronization and acknowledgment packets before the real data
communication process starts.
 What is MAC-address ?

• MAC address is a unique identifier that is assigned to a NIC (Network Interface Controller/ Card). It
consists of a 48 bit which is associated with the network adapter