01 20220829 30 JSA PPT MU Handouts PDF

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PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES
00-01-20220829-30-Programme Module 2 Day MU.pdf
At After attending the Programme, the Participants should be able
§ to correctly define Terminology related to Measurement Uncertainty (MU)

Bureau of Indian Standards
§ to understand the Step by step procedure to estimate MU
§ to identify factors influencing MU
§ to apply the knowledge to estimate Measurement Uncertainty for the
measurements made in practical situations
1 2
PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES
00-02-DOC-20220827-WA0009-Participants.pdf
Note: The Programme Objectives have been set with an assumption that the
After attending the Programme, the Participants should be able Participants know and handle measurements hands on and possess necessary
Qualification to understand the Measurements in their Discipline of Science,
§ to present the evidence of MU estimate with Uncertainty Budget Mathematical and Statistical concepts in the Engineering and Sciences and why they
are participating in this Programme.
§ to write procedures for the estimation of MU for their organisation
§ to comply with the Statutory requirements for MU
§ to withstand Scientific scrutiny during second/third party Assessments/
Audits
3 4
PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

29-30 August 2022
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION OF PRESENTER JS ARORA 1. REFERENCES USED
2. BASICS OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

OPEN
3. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY-DEFINITIONS
00-03-20220826-Bio Data-JSA.pdf
4. MU-SIGNIFICANCE
5. MU-REPRESENTATION
6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY
5 6
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CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION

7. MU GIVEN IN THE CALIBRATION CERTIFICATES AND THEIR USE 12. RULES FOR ROUNDING OFF NUMERICAL VALUES AS PER IS 2:
1960
8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
13. SI UNITS OF MEASUREMENT, MULTIPLES AND SUBMULTIPLES
9. SOURCES OF ERROR IN MEASUREMENT AS PER METHOD OF
MEASUREMENT 14. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE AS PER NABL 141 ISSUE 04
10. F ACT O RS IN FLUE NC IN G M E AS UR E ME N T S A ND US E O F 15. EXPECTED ELEMENTS IN THE MU ESTIMATION SHEET

ISHIKAWA (FISH BONE) DIAGRAM
16. INDVIDUAL STEPS AS PER NABL 141 IN DETAIL
11. STATISTICS AND CALCULUS FOR USE IN THE ESTIMATION OF
MU 7 8

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CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION

17. SIMPLE EXAMPLES OF MU ESTIMATION 22. DELIBERATION ON PROBLEMS SUBMITTED BY PARTICIPANTS (IF
ANY) AND PARTICIPANTS QUERIES AND CLARIFICATIONS
18. M U IN ME A SUR EM EN T S- SIMP L E C AS E S- ELE CT RI CAL ,
MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL 23. WORKSHOP ON EXERCISES
MEASUREMENTS
24. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY AS PER IS/ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 AND
19. MU IN MEASUREMENTS- MORE EXAMPLES NABL ACCREDITATION CRITERIA - REQUIREMENT OF PROCEDURES
20. MU ESTIMATION WITH MEASUREMENTS IN NON SI UNITS 25. PARTICIPANTS FEEDBACK ON TRAINING GAIN AND FURTHER
IMPROVEMENT
21. EXAM PLE S OF MU E STIM AT ION IN EXPECTATION WITH
9 10
DEPENDENT VARIABLES
PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

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1. REFERENCES USED 1. REFERENCES USED

1. NABL 141 - Issue 04 - 10Feb2020: Guidelines for Estimation and Expression of Uncertainty in 11. UKAS M3003 edition 3 November 2012- The expression of uncertainty and confidence in measurement
Measurement 12. IEC GUIDE 115: 2007 - Application of uncertainty of measurement to conformity assessment activities in the
2. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3: 2008 - Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in electrotechnical sector
measurement (GUM: 1995) 13. NABL 174 - Issue 03 - April 2016: Sample Calculations for Uncertainty of Measurement in Electrical
3. ISO 21748:2010 Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in measurement Testing
uncertainty estimation 14. The Uncertainty of measurement - Physical and Chemical Metrology Impact and Analysis, S.K. Kimothi,
4. ISO/IEC Guide 99: 2007, International vocabulary of metrology - Basic and general concepts and associated American society for quality (ASQ) 2002
terms (VIM) 15. Advances in Metrology and its Role in Quality Improvement and Global Trade, B.S. Mathur, V.N. Ojha, P.C.
5. ISO 3534-1 Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in Kothari (NPL), Narosa Publishing House 1996
probability 16. Models of Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty in Electrical Calibration for BIS Central Laboratory,
6. ISO 5725-1: 1994 (en) Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 1: J.S. Arora 2001
General principles and definitions 17. Models of Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty in Electrical and Mechanical Testing for BIS Central
7. ISO 5725-2: 2019, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results - Part 2: Basic Laboratory, J.S. Arora 2004
method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method 18. IS/ISO/IEC 17025: 2017, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
8. APLAC TC005 - Interpretation and guidance on estimation of uncertainty of measurement in testing 19. ISO 10012: 2003, Measurement management systems - Requirements for measurement processes and
9. EURACHEM / CITAC Guide quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurements (edition 3 - 2012) measuring equipment
11 20. ISO 9001: 2015, Quality management systems - Requirements 12
10. JCGM 100: 2008 - Evaluation of Measurement Data - Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
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3. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY -
2. BASICS OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY DEFINITIONS
Measurement Uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a measured
quantity.
OPEN
02-00-Measurements and Instruments.pdf Uncertainty means the range of possible values within which the true value of the measurement lies.
Uncertainty (of measurement): parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the
02-01-Uncertainty-basic concepts and terminology.pptx dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand.
The parameter may be, for example, a standard deviation (or a given multiple of it), or the half-width of an interval
02-02-Uncertainty_notes.ppt having a stated level of confidence.
Definition: Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these components may
02-03-Errors and Uncertainty.pptx be evaluated from the statistical distribution of the results of a series of measurements and can be characterized by
experimental standard deviations. The other components, which also can be characterized by standard deviations, are
evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experience or other information.
02-04-MU Combining in Allgebraic Calculations-Conceptual.pdf 13 14

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3. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY - 3. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY -
DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS
Definition: It is understood that the result of the measurement is the best estimate of the value of the measurand, Definition: Combined standard uncertainty standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result
and that all components of uncertainty, including those arising from systematic effects, such as components is obtained from the values of a number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the
associated with corrections and reference standards, contribute to the dispersion. terms being the variances or covariances of these other quantities weighed according to how the measurement result
varies with changes in these quantities
Definition: Standard uncertainty: uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation
Definition: Expanded uncertainty: quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be
Definition: Type A evaluation (of uncertainty): method of evaluation of uncertainty by the statistical analysis expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the
of series of observations measurand.
Definition: Type B evaluation (of uncertainty): method of evaluation of uncertainty by means other than the The fraction may be viewed as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval.
statistical analysis of series of observations
To associate a specific level of confidence with the interval defined by the expanded uncertainty requires explicit
or implicit assumptions regarding the probability distribution characterized by the measurement result and its
combined standard uncertainty. The level of confidence that may be attributed to this interval can be known only
15 to the extent to which such assumptions may be justified. 16

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Definition: Coverage factor: numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to
Definition: The uncertainty of a measurement tells us something about its quality. Uncertainty of measurement is
obtain an expanded uncertainty
the doubt that exists about the result of any measurement. [Measurement Good Practice Guide Title “A Beginner's
Guide to Uncertainty of Measurement” by Stephanie Bell]
Definition: Measurement uncertainty is a parameter used in data processing for the description of both the
dispersion of the result and its estimated difference from the accurate value.
Definition: As per JCGM 100:2008 (GUM 1995 with minor corrections):
Definition: Measurement uncertainty is defined as: “a parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that
2.2 The term “uncertainty”: The concept of uncertainty is discussed further in Clause 3 and Annex D.
characterises the dispersion of the values that could be reasonably attributed to the measurand” (JCGM, 2008; ISO,
2009).
2.2.1 The word “uncertainty” means doubt, and thus in its broadest sense “uncertainty of measurement” means
doubt about the validity of the result of a measurement. Because of the lack of different words for this general
Definition: Q. What is uncertainty? A. In ordinary use, the word 'uncertainty' does not inspire confidence. However,
concept of uncertainty and the specific quantities that provide quantitative measures of the concept, for example, the
when used in a technical sense it carries a specific meaning. It is a parameter, associated with the result of a
standard deviation, it is necessary to use the word “uncertainty” in these two different senses.
measurement (e.g. a calibration or test) that defines the range of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the
measured quantity. When uncertainty is evaluated and reported in a specified way, it indicates the level of
confidence that the value lies within the range defined by the uncertainty interval.
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2.2.2 In this Guide, the word “uncertainty” without adjectives refers both to the general concept of uncertainty and
to any or all quantitative measures of that concept. When a specific measure is intended, appropriate adjectives are NOTE 1: The parameter may be, for example, a standard deviation (or a given multiple of it), or the half-width
used. of an interval having a stated level of confidence.
2.2.3 The formal definition of the term “uncertainty of measurement” developed for use in this Guide and in the NOTE 2: Uncertainty of measurement comprises, in general, many components. Some of these components may
VIM [6] (VIM:1993, definition 3.9) is as follows: be evaluated from the statistical distribution of the results of series of measurements and can be characterized by
experimental standard deviations. The other components, which also can be characterized by standard deviations,
uncertainty (of measurement) parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the are evaluated from assumed probability distributions based on experience or other information.
dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand
NOTE 3: It is understood that the result of the measurement is the best estimate of the value of the measurand, and
that all components of uncertainty, including those arising from systematic effects, such as components associated
with corrections and reference standards, contribute to the dispersion.
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2.2.4 The definition of uncertainty of measurement given in 2.2.3 is an operational one that focuses on the
measurement result and its evaluated uncertainty. However, it is not inconsistent with other concepts of uncertainty Definition: As per [JCGM 200:2008 (VIM) 2.26]
of measurement, such as Measurement uncertainty is defined as “non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion
of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used”.
⎯ a measure of the possible error in the estimated value of the measurand as provided by the result of a
measurement;
⎯ an estimate characterizing the range of values within which the true value of a measurand lies (VIM:1984,
definition 3.09).
Although these two traditional concepts are valid as ideals, they focus on unknowable quantities: the “error” of the
result of a measurement and the “true value” of the measurand (in contrast to its estimated value), respectively.
Nevertheless, whichever concept of uncertainty is adopted, an uncertainty component is always evaluated using the
same data and related information. (See also E.5.) 21 22

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4. MU-SIGNIFICANCE 4. MU-SIGNIFICANCE
NABL 141 Clause 3.2:
In the process of assessing whether a product complies with the requirement of a technical
regulation or its specification, Measurement results are used for taking compliance decision on
products. The objective of measurement is to determine the value of measurand.
The measurement uncertainty is the quality attribute of a measurement result. It is therefore

essential that the uncertainty value is such that the measurement result is fit for the intended
purpose. This will ensure that risks associated with compliance decision are within acceptable
limits. Therefore correct estimation of measurement result and its associated uncertainty is
essential.
Quality of measurements has assumed great significance in view of the fact that measurement
results provide the very basis of all control actions. Low Precision
23 Low Accuracy 24
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4. MU-SIGNIFICANCE 4. MU-SIGNIFICANCE
Low Precision High Precision

High Accuracy Low Accuracy
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4. MU-SIGNIFICANCE 5. MU-REPRESENTATION
Expectation or Result (Y) = Measurand (X) ± Expanded Uncertainty (U) with Coverage Factor (k)
at Confidence Level (CL) %
Y (SI Unit) = X (SI Unit) ± U (SI Unit) with k = 1.96 at CL 95%
Y (Unit) = X (Unit) ± U (Unit) with k ≈ 2 at CL 95%
Y (Unit) = X (Unit) ± U (Unit) with k = 2.00 at CL 95.45%
Y (SI Unit) = X (SI Unit) ± U (%) with k = 1.96 at CL 95%
High Precision Y (%) = X (%) ± U (%) with k = 2.00 at CL 95.45%

High Accuracy
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5. MU-REPRESENTATION 5. MU-REPRESENTATION
Practical Examples: Practical Use:
Weight = 3.018 g ± 0.007 g with k=2 at CL 95.45%
05-MU-Use-1-Ex-Calculation Acceptance Criteria.pdf
Volume = 10.03 ml ± 0.04 ml with k=2 at CL 95%
05-MU-Use-2-Rep in Scope-013-MU28022019.pdf
Purity = 0.99 ± 0.02 with k=2 at CL 95.45%
Moisture = 3.00 % ± 0.12 % with k=2 at CL 95% 05-MU-Use-3-Rep in Scope-CC-2487.pdf
Speed = 1418 rpm ± 12 rpm with k=2 at CL 95% 05-MU-Use-4-Rep in Scope-CC-2555.pdf

Rated Power input = 64.0 W ± 4% with k=1.96 at CL 95%
29 30
Tensile Strength = 13.4 ± 0.7 N/sq mm with k=1.96 at CL 95%
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6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY 6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY

NABL 141 Guidelines for Estimation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement Correction - Compensation for an estimated systematic effect
Clause 1. Definitions of related terms and phrases Coverage Factor - Number larger than one by which a combined standard measurement uncertainty is
multiplied to obtain an expanded measurement uncertainty
Accepted Reference Value - A value that serves as an agreed upon reference for comparison
Coverage probability or Confidence level -The value of the probability associated with a confidence interval
Arithmetic Mean - The sum of values divided by the number of values or a statistical coverage interval
Combined Standard Measurement Uncertainty / Combined Standard Uncertainty - Standard measurement Coverage Probability / Confidence Level - Probability that the set of true quantity values of a measurand is
uncertainty that is obtained using the individual standard measurement uncertainties associated with the input contained within a specified coverage interval
quantities in a measurement model
Degree of freedom - The number of terms in a sum minus the number of constraints on the terms of the sum
Conventional quantity value / Conventional value of a quantity / Conventional value -Quantity value
attributed by agreement to a quantity for a given purpose
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Expectation - The expectation of a function g(z) over a probability density function p(z) of the random
variables z is defined by:
Estimates - The value of a statistic used to estimate a population parameter
E [g(z)] = ∫ g(z)p(z)dz
Estimation - The operation of assigning, from the observations in a sample, numerical values to the
parameters of a distribution chosen as the statistical model of the population from which this sample The expectation of the random variable z, denoted by µz and which is also termed as the expected value or
is taken the mean of z. It is estimated statistically by z , the arithmetic mean or average of n independent
observations zi of the random variable z, the probability density function of which is p(z)
Expanded measurement uncertainty / Expanded uncertainty - Product of a combined standard
measurement uncertainty and a factor larger than the number one
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Measurand - Quantity intended to be measured
Measurement Accuracy / Accuracy of Measurement / Accuracy - Closeness of agreement between a

measured quantity value and a true quantity value of a measurand
Measurement Error / Error of Measurement / Error -Measured quantity value minus a reference quantity
value
Measurement Repeatability / Repeatability - Measurement Precision under a set of Repeatability

Conditions of Measurement
Measurement Reproducibility / Reproducibility - Measurement Precision under reproducibility conditions

of measurement
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Measurement Result / Result of Measurement - Set of quantity values being attributed to a measurand Probability function - A function giving for every value x, the probability that the random variable X takes
together with any other available relevant information value x:
p(x) = Pr(X = x)
Measurement Uncertainty / Uncertainty of Measurement / Uncertainty - Non-negative parameter
characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information Random Measurement Error / Random Error of Measurement / Random Error -Component of
used measurement error that in replicate measurements varies in an unpredictable manner
Probability density function - The derivative (when it exits) of the distribution function f(x) = dF(x) / dx Random Variable - A variable that may take any of the values of a specified set of values and with which is
f(x)dx is the probability element associated a probability distribution
f(x) dx = Pr(x < X < x + dx)
Reference quantity value / Reference value - Quantity value used as a basis for comparison with values of
Probability distribution - A function giving the probability that a random variable takes any given value or quantities of the same kind
belongs to a given set of values
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Repeatability Condition of Measurement / Repeatability Condition - Condition of measurement, out of a Standard Deviation - The positive square root of the variance
set of conditions that includes the same measurement procedure, same operators, same measuring system,
same operating conditions and same location, and replicate measurements on the same or similar objects Standard Measurement Uncertainty / Standard Uncertainty of Measurement / Standard uncertainty -
over a short period of time Measurement Uncertainty expressed as a standard deviation
Reproducibility Condition of Measurement / Reproducibility Condition - Condition of Measurement, out Sensitivity coefficient associated with an input estimate - The differential change in the output estimate
of a set of conditions that includes different locations, operators, measuring systems, and replicate generated by the differential change in that input estimate
measurements on the same or similar objects
Sensitivity of a Measuring System / Sensitivity - Quotient of the change in an indication of a measuring
Result of measurement - Value attributed to a measurand, obtained by measurement system and the corresponding change in a value of a quantity being measured
Note: Complete statement of the result of a measurement includes information about uncertainty in Systematic Measurement Error / Systematic Error of Measurement / Systematic Error -Component of
measurement measurement error that in replicate measurements remains constant or varies in a predictable manner
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6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY 7 . M U G I V E N I N T H E C A L I B R AT I O N
CERTIFICATES AND THEIR USE
True Quantity Value / True Value of a Quantity / True Value - Quantity Value consistent with the
definition of a Quantity
(Sample Calibration Certificates-Exhibited separately)
Type A Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty / Type A Evaluation - Evaluation of a component of
measurement uncertainty by a statistical analysis of measured quantity values obtained under defined Significant Points of MU to be observed in the Calibration Certificate:
measurement conditions
1.Value of MU in the Result- given for all measurements together or given for each measurement.
Type B evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty / Type B evaluation - Evaluation of a component of
measurement uncertainty determined by means other than a Type A evaluation of measurement uncertainty 2.Unit of MU- given in same unit as Measurand or in percentage ( %).
Variance - A measure of dispersion, which is the sum of the squared deviations of observations from their 3. Number of Significant Digits in MU and its worth versus Least Count of Unit (or Device or
average divided by one less than the number of observations Instrument) under Calibration (UUC or DUC or IUC) and versus number of Significant Digits in the
Result.
Additional Presentations will be used when required
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7 . M U G I V E N I N T H E C A L I B R AT I O N 7 . M U G I V E N I N T H E C A L I B R AT I O N
CERTIFICATES AND THEIR USE CERTIFICATES AND THEIR USE
Use of MU:
Significant Points of MU to be observed in the Calibration Certificate:
3. If MU is outside the limits of Declared Accuracy of Instrument, it is required to verify the
4. MU of UUC versus MU of Standard used-Standard MU has to be better. capability of Calibration Lab in terms of Ratio of Accuracies of UUC and Standard used and their
Precision Ratio (Ratio of Least Count/ Resolution of UUC and Least Count/ Resolution of Standard or
5. Comparision of MU with the Accuracy of UUC. vice versa).
4. If the Accuracy Ratio is atleast 2.5 and preferably 10 or better and Precision Ratio is atleast 4
Use of MU: and preferably 10 or better and the MU is high, Uncertainty Budget may be sought from the
Calibration Lab. If Type A contribution is large, the Instrument is responsible and requires
1. MU value is the input for the Estimation of MU using the Calibrated Unit (Instrument). replacement.
2. If MU is within the Accuracy limits of UUC, its contribution leads to Better Measurement 5. If the Accuracy Ratio is less than 2.5 or Precision Ratio is less than 4, the Calibration Lab may
Capability (BMC). 43 be approched to use better Standards or the choice of Calibration Lab may be reviewed. 44

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7 . M U G I V E N I N T H E C A L I B R AT I O N 7 . M U G I V E N I N T H E C A L I B R AT I O N
CERTIFICATES AND THEIR USE CERTIFICATES AND THEIR USE
OPEN OPEN
07-Calib Cert-Sample-01-Dig Mm-KEITHLEY.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-06-HR AC HV DC HV-Safety Tester.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-02-Power Analyser-DC V I W.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-07-AC HV Tester.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-03-DC Power Analyser.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-08-Magnification Eyepiece.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-04-Digi Ti.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-09-tHg-Thermocouple-Cal-Review-Tracebility.pdf
07-Calib Cert-Sample-05-Digi RH.pdf
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8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

From the point of view of identifying Influence Factors on MU From the point of view of identifying Influence Factors on MU
A. Direct Measurement B. Indirect Measurement:

Measurement is done using a direct instrument. Measurement is done indirectly i.e. Indicating instrument measures a different parameter than the
Measurand. Intermediate relationship in the Measurand and the Measurement is used or Intermediate
Examples: another Instrument is used
-Measurement of Voltage by Voltmeter,
-Measurement of Power by Wattmeter, Examples:
-Measurement of Energy by Energy Meter, -Measurement of Temperature Rise by change in Resistance method,
-Measurement of Insulation Resistance by Megohm Meter, -Measurement of % Efficiency of Motor using Wattmeter,
-Temperature by Thermometer or Digital Temperature Indicator, -Measurement of % Loss of Mass in Ageing Test,
-Measurement of Time duration by Stopwatch -Measurement of Slip of Motor using Tachometer
-Measurement of Noise by dB Meter
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8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

From the point of view of identifying Influence Factors on MU From the point of view of identifying Influence Factors on MU
C. Measurement Setup: C. Measurement Setup:

Measurement of Measurand is realised by using more than one Measuring Instruments and
Experimental Setup Examples:
Examples: -Estimation of CaO in Ordinary Portland Cement using Weighing Balance and Volumetric apparatus,
-Power Factor of an ac Domestic Electrical Appliance by measuring Power (using Wattmeter),
Voltage (using ac Voltmeter) and Current (using Ammeter), -Estimation of SO3 in PPC
-Measurement of High Current using Resistance and Voltage Drop, -Measurement of Acid insoluble Ash
-Tensile Strength of Insulation of Cable by measuring Breaking Load (using Calibrated TTM) and -Measurement of Pesticide Residue in Packaged Drinking Water using Gas Chromatograph
Area of Crossection (by Average Thickness method using Profile Projector), 49 50

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9. SOURCES OF ERROR IN MEASUREMENT AS 10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS

PER METHOD OF MEASUREMENT AND USE OF ISHIKOWA (FISH BONE) DIAGRAM
OPEN
09-01-Uncertainty-components and reporting.pptx OPEN
09-02-Source of errors.pptx
09-03-6. Sources of errors in Analytical measurements.pptx
09-04-7. Sources of errors inMicrobiological measurements.pptx
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10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS 10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS

AND USE OF ISHIKOWA (FISH BONE) DIAGRAM AND USE OF FISH BONE DIAGRAM
OPEN OPEN
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11. STATISTICS AND CALCULUS FOR USE IN THE 12. RULES FOR ROUNDING OFF NUMERICAL
ESTIMATION OF MU VALUES AS PER IS 2: 1960
OPEN OPEN
11-01-Basic Statistics.pptx 12-IS 2-1960-A1A2A3.pdf
11-02-Basic derivative rules.png
11-03-Differential Calculus Formulae.png
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13. SI UNITS OF MEASUREMENT, MULTIPLES 14. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE AS PER NABL
AND SUBMULTIPLES 141 ISSUE 04 14-NABL-141-doc-Issue 04-10Feb2020.pdf Page 25
Step by Step procedure for estimating the uncertainty in measurement
OPEN
13-01-International System of Units.pdf Step 1: Express mathematically the relationship between the measurand Y and the input
quantities Xi on which Y depends: Y= f (X1, X2... XN). The function f should contain every
13-02-Derived Units-Special Names.pdf quantity, including all corrections and correction factors that can contribute a significant
component of uncertainty to the result of the measurement
Further References if required: Step 2: Identify all uncertainty source

13-03-Coherent Derived Units.pdf e.g. Contribution from calibration of the measuring equipment including contribution from
13-04-SI Prefixes-Multiples Submultiples.pdf reference and working standards; Stability and resolution of digital measuring equipment;
Rounded values of constants and other parameters used for calculations; Effect of
13-05-Non SI Units accepted for use with SI Units.pdf
environmental conditions eg. Ambient temperature and humidity variation
13-06-SI-Brochure-9-E.pdf 57 58

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14. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE AS PER NABL 14. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE AS PER NABL
141 ISSUE 04 141 ISSUE 03
Step 3: Determine xi, the estimated value of input quantities Xi, either on the basis of the
statistical analysis of series of observations or by other means
Step 4: Determine sensitivity coefficients as given in 3.4.1d:
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Step 5: Evaluate the standard uncertainty u(xi) of each input estimate xi. For an input estimate
obtained from the statistical analysis of series of observations, the standard uncertainty is Step by Step procedure for estimating the uncertainty in measurement
evaluated as Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty. For an input estimate obtained by
other means, the Standard uncertainty u(xi) is evaluated as Type B evaluation of standard Step 7: Determine the combined standard uncertainty uc(y) of the measurement result y from
uncertainty the standard uncertainties associated with the input estimates using law of propagation of
uncertainty equation:
Step 6: Calculate the result of the measurement, that is, the estimate y of the measurand Y,
from the functional relationship f using for the input quantities Xi the estimates xi obtained in
step 2
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Step 7: c. For the purpose of combined uncertainty components, it is most convenient to break
the original mathematical model down to expressions which consists solely of operations
covered by rules given in (a) and (b) above.
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Step 8: Determine the effective degree of freedom from the formula given in equaltion
Welch–Satterthwaite equation.
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11
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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
14. STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE AS PER NABL 15. EXPECTED ELEMENTS IN THE MU
141 ISSUE 04 ESTIMATION SHEET
Step by Step procedure for estimating the uncertainty in measurement -Expectation Equation
-Measurements (Observations)
Step 9: If it is necessary to give an expanded uncertainty U, whose purpose is to provide an -Type A Factors
interval y -U to y+U that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of -Type B Factors
values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand Y, multiply the combined standard -Combined Standard Uncertainty
uncertainty uc(y) by a coverage factor k, typically in the range 2 to 3, to obtain U= k uc(y). -Sensitivity Coefficients
-Confidence Level
Select k on the basis of the level of confidence required of the interval
-Coverage Factor
Report the result of the measurement y together with its combined standard uncertainty uc(y) -Expanded Uncertainty U
or expanded uncertainty U along with confidence level -Result ± U
Uncertainty Budget
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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
16. INDVIDUAL STEPS AS PER NABL 141 IN

DETAIL 17. SIMPLE EXAMPLES OF MU ESTIMATION
Using Practical Examples
Examples
16-MU-Ex-01 A-Mm-DC 100V.doc
17-MU-Ex-01-CALCULATIONS-Cond R.pdf
16-MU-Ex-01 A-Mm-DC 100V-Steps.pdf
17-MU-Ex-02-Dia-Plug pin.xls
16-MU-Ex-01 B-Mm-DC 100V.pdf
16-MU-Ex-01 C-Mm-DC 100V.xls

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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
18. MU IN MEASUREMENTS- SIMPLE CASES-

19. MU IN MEASUREMENTS- MORE EXAMPLES
ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND
MICROBIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS Examples
Examples 19-MU-Ex-01-AC uA.pdf
18-MU-Ex-01-Cal AC Vm.pdf 19-MU-Ex-02-L-6 UM for Model Functional Equation.doc
18-MU-Ex-02-Dia-Terminal hole for Conductor.xls 19-MU-Ex-03-Initial t Deg Overswing Elect Iron.pdf
18-MU-Ex-03-pH in PDW-corrected-JSA.pdf 19-MU-Ex-03-Initial t Deg Overswing Elect Iron.xls
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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
19. MU IN MEASUREMENTS- MORE EXAMPLES 20. MU ESTIMATION WITH MEASUREMENTS IN

NON SI UNITS
Examples continued
TREATMENT
19-MU-Ex-04-Electrical MCB Calculations.docx
PARTICIPANTS MAY SUBMIT THEIR SPECIFIC PROBLEMS (IF
19-MU-Ex-05-Thickness Rubber Insln-Optical.pdf ANY)
19-MU-Ex-06-Calculation_by hand-IR LED Bulb.pdf
19-MU-Ex-06-IR LED Bulb.xls

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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
2 1 . E X A M P L E S O F M U E S T I M AT I O N I N 2 1 . E X A M P L E S O F M U E S T I M AT I O N I N
EXPECTATION WITH DEPENDENT VARIABLES EXPECTATION WITH DEPENDENT VARIABLES
EXAMPLES EXAMPLES continued
21-MU-Ex-01-Annealing Cu.pdf 21-MU-Ex-04-Air Flow Meters.pdf
21-MU-Ex-02-CR-Welding Cable-Edit.pdf 21-MU-Ex-05-Flow meter Verification and MU_LI-QC-124.pdf
21-MU-Ex-03-Oven Airflow Calculation.pdf 21-MU-Ex-06-Flow meter Verification and MU_LI-QC-042.pdf
21-MU-Ex-07-NABL-174-doc.pdf
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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
22. DELIBERATION ON PROBLEMS SUBMITTED 23. WORKSHOP ON EXERCISES

BY PARTICIPANTS (IF ANY) AND PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS TO WORK OUT PROBLEMS THEMSELVES UNDER
QUERIES AND CLARIFICATIONS GUIDANCE
23-01-L-9a MU Exercises 1.docx

Solution of Problems Submitted
23-02-L-9b MU-Exercises 2.doc
23-03-Test Papers.pdf
23-04-Answer Sheet.pdf
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29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
24. MU AS PER IS/ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 &

24. MU AS PER IS/ISO/IEC 17 025: 2017 &
NABL ACCREDITATION CRITERIA
NABL ACCREDITATION CRITERIA
OPEN OPEN
24-01-IS-ISO-IEC 17025-2017.pdf 24-03-00-MU in NABL Criteria.pdf
24-02-MU in IS-ISO-IEC 17025-2017.pdf 24-03-00-MU in NABL Criteria.doc
24-02-MU in IS-ISO-IEC 17025-2017.doc
79 80

29-30 August 2022 29-30 August 2022
24. MU AS PER IS/ISO/IEC 17 025: 2017 & 24. MU AS PER IS/ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 &
NABL ACCREDITATION CRITERIA NABL ACCREDITATION CRITERIA
OPEN
24-03-01-NABL-129-doc-Issue 01-02Apr2019.pdf NABL 141 OR INTERNATIONAL GUM [To be adopted]
OPEN
24-03-02-NABL-142-doc-Issue 06-06Feb2020.pdf 24-04-NABL-141-doc-Issue 04-10Feb2020.pdf
24-03-03-NABL-143-doc-Issue 03-06Feb2020.pdf 24-05-JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf
24-03-04-NABL-164-doc-Issue 04-06Feb2020.pdf
81 82

29-30 August 2022 PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)
29-30 August 2022
24. MU AS PER IS/ISO/IEC 17 025: 2017 &

NABL ACCREDITATION CRITERIA 25. PARTICIPANTS FEEDBACK ON TRAINING
GAIN AND FURTHER IMPROVEMENT
PROCEDURE OR WORK INSTRUCTION FOR IDENTIFICATION OF
INFLUENCE FACTORS ON MU: Example:
24-06-Quality Procedure-Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty.pdf
83 84
14

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00-01-20220829-30-Programme Module 2 Day MU.pdf

At After attending the Programme, the Participants should be able

§ to correctly define Terminology related to Measurement Uncertainty (MU)

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

2. BASICS OF MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY

CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION

10. F ACT O RS IN FLUE NC IN G M E AS UR E ME N T S A ND US E O F 15. EXPECTED ELEMENTS IN THE MU ESTIMATION SHEET

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

1. REFERENCES USED 1. REFERENCES USED

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

3. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY - 3. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY -

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

The measurement uncertainty is the quality attribute of a measurement result. It is therefore

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

Low Precision High Precision

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

Y (SI Unit) = X (SI Unit) ± U (SI Unit) with k = 1.96 at CL 95%

Y (Unit) = X (Unit) ± U (Unit) with k ≈ 2 at CL 95%

Y (Unit) = X (Unit) ± U (Unit) with k = 2.00 at CL 95.45%

Y (SI Unit) = X (SI Unit) ± U (%) with k = 1.96 at CL 95%

High Precision Y (%) = X (%) ± U (%) with k = 2.00 at CL 95.45%

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

Moisture = 3.00 % ± 0.12 % with k=2 at CL 95% 05-MU-Use-3-Rep in Scope-CC-2487.pdf

Speed = 1418 rpm ± 12 rpm with k=2 at CL 95% 05-MU-Use-4-Rep in Scope-CC-2555.pdf

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY 6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY 6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY 6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY

Measurand - Quantity intended to be measured

Measurement Accuracy / Accuracy of Measurement / Accuracy - Closeness of agreement between a

Measurement Repeatability / Repeatability - Measurement Precision under a set of Repeatability

Measurement Reproducibility / Reproducibility - Measurement Precision under reproducibility conditions

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY 6. MU-RELEVANT TERMINOLOGY

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

A. Direct Measurement B. Indirect Measurement:

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT 8. DIFFERENT METHODS OF MEASUREMENT

C. Measurement Setup: C. Measurement Setup:

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

9. SOURCES OF ERROR IN MEASUREMENT AS 10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS

09-03-6. Sources of errors in Analytical measurements.pptx

09-04-7. Sources of errors inMicrobiological measurements.pptx

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS 10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MEASUREMENTS

PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU) PROGRAMME ON MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY (MU)

11-01-Basic Statistics.pptx 12-IS 2-1960-A1A2A3.pdf

11-02-Basic derivative rules.png