&

An organization inR a j a t , india, teaches women the s k i l tt s

o ?}

build and repair solar-powered lantems. *

 T H I N K ano
DISCUSS
1 Look at the photo and read
the caption. How d o you t h i n k
the lives of these w o m e n
have c h a n g e d ?
2 Read the unit title. W h a t d o
you think ?lending a hand?
means?

N U T R I R c e nn eee . ~

PART 1
Microloans: Breaking the Cycle o f
Poverty

Note Taking
Use Symbols

Listening
R e c o g n i z e Facts and O p i n i o n s

Speaking
Express an Opinion

Pronunciation
S p e a k in T h o u g h t G r o u p s

PART 2
TEDTALKS
Joy Sun
Should you donate differently?

PUT IT T O G E T H E R
Communicate

Participate in a Role Play

P r e s e n t a t i o n Skill
Be Personable

103
 E G ! Microloans: Breaking the Cycle
of Poverty

BEFORE YOU LISTEN

A THINK CRITICALLY P r e d i c t . W o r k w i t h a p a r t n e r . T h e title o f P a r t 1 is

? M i c r o l o a n s : B r e a k i n g t h e C y c l e o f P o v e r t y . ? L o o k at t h e p h o t o a n d r e a d t h e
caption. Discuss t h e s e questions.

1. T h e e x p r e s s i o n ? c y c l e o f p o v e r t y ? s u g g e s t s t h a t s o m e p e o p l e c a n n o t g e t o u t o f
p o v e r t y . W h y d o y o u t h i n k it?s h a r d t o b r e a k t h e c y c l e o f p o v e r t y ?

2. A loan is money that you borrow and then have to pay b a c k later. What d o you
think a microloan is?

3. H o w d o y o u t h i n k m i c r o l o a n s c a n h e l p t h e p e o p l e o f t h e G u l u D i s t r i c t b r e a k t h e
cycle of poverty?

The Cycle of Poverty

P o v e r t y is t h e state of being very poor. In t h e Gulu District in U g a n d a , m a n y p e o p l e h a v e
t o survive o n less t h a n $1.25 a day. W i t h o u t a c c e s s to m o n e y a n d e d u c a t i o n , m a n y
families get trapped in a cycle of poverty that can last for generations.

?
: a , Atpstaurant Querstands ata table in the Gutu Dishi x m
An yen Pr
_
of Uganda, Her business Was willy riléronat
stantd

- S e cat
104 UNIT 6 Lending a Hand
VOCABULARY

B [MERU Read and listen to these sentences with words from the lecture you
will hear, G u e s s t h e m e a n i n g s of t h e w o r d s in b o l d . T h e n m a t c h e a c h w o r d t o its
definition.

This medicine is not making the patient better. We need to find one that is
more effective.

. People d o not earn a lot of money in Uganda. The average i n c o m e is less than
$500 dollars a year.

c . T h i s t e s t is a m e a s u r e o f h o w w e l l t h e s t u d e n t s h a v e l e a r n e d t h e m a t e r i a l .

d. We bought the building for $30,000 and sold it for $45,000, so we made a 50
percent profit.

. M a n y p e o p l e l o s t t h e i r h o m e s in t h e e a r t h q u a k e . Several o r g a n i z a t i o n s a r e
providing a i d t o t h e s e families.

«
W o r l d B a n k r e c o r d s s h o w t h a t a l m o s t 13 p e r c e n t o f t h e world?s p o p u l a t i o n
e a r n e d l e s s t h a n t w o d o l l a r s a d a y in 2012.

. H e is t r y i n g t o b e c o m e f i n a n c i a l l y i n d e p e n d e n t . H e d o e s n o t w a n t t o rely o n h i s
family for money.

. W h e n y o u b o r r o w m o n e y f r o m t h e b a n k , y o u h a v e to p a y it b a c k w i t h i n t e r e s t ?
an a d d e d f e e f o r b o r r o w i n g t h e m o n e y .

.
M a n y y o u n g a d u l t s d e p e n d o n t h e i r p a r e n t s until t h e y can find a job.

»
H e a s k e d his f r i e n d s to i n v e s t m o n e y in his n e w b u s i n e s s . N o w t h a t t h e b u s i n e s s
is successful, he has paid them back.

(n) help

(v) have need of support

(adj) having a good result

(adv) related to the management of money

(n) money that you earn from working

(n) a way of evaluating something

(n) the percentage of money you pay for a loan

(v) put money into a business

{n) written information that shows that something happened

10. (n) the money that you get when you sell something for a
higher price than you paid

PART 1 405
 C C O M M U N I C A T E Work with a partner and discuss these questions. Use the words
or phrases in bold in your answers.

A: | think it?s better to b o r r o w money from a bank. It?s more official.

B: Yes, though | depend o n m y family to give me money.

1. Do you think it is a good idea to borrow money from a bank? Or is it better to

d e p e n d o n friends o r family members for a loan? Explain your answer.

2. if y o u c o u l d i n v e s t in a b u s i n e s s , w h a t k i n d of b u s i n e s s w o u l d y o u i n v e s t in?
W h y d o y o u t h i n k it w o u l d b e f i n a n c i a l l y s u c c e s s f u l ?

3. Is profit the only m e a s u r e of success for a business? Why, or why not?

4. What d o you think is the most e f f e c t i v e way to organize and keep r e c o r d s of

how much you make and spend?

LISTEN ,

D W E R E C U E R E LISTEN FOR MAIN IDEAS Listen to each segment of the lecture.

Choose the statement that best expresses the speaker?s main idea in each segment.

Segment 1

1. M a n y p e o p l e in t h e w o r l d live i n p o v e r t y .

2. T h e i n t e r e s t o n m i c r o l o a n s is v e r y l o w .

3. M i c r o t o a n s c a n h e l p p e o p l e in p o v e r t y .

Segment 2

1. E d u c a t i o n o f f e r s t h e b e s t w a y o u t o f p o v e r t y .

2. E d u c a t i o n c a n m a k e m i c r o l o a n s m o r e effective.

3. M i c r o l o a n s a r e n o t a s e f f e c t i v e as s o m e a i d a g e n c i e s s a y t h e y a r e .

4106 U N I T6 Lending a Hand

 O S L CE a m Use Symbols

W h e n y o u t a k e n o t e s o n a t a l k o r l e c t u r e , y o u don?t h a v e t i m e t o w r i t e all t h e
s p e a k e r ' s w o r d s . Y o u c a n save t i m e if y o u use s y m b o l s to s h o w t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p s
a m o n g i d e a s . H e r e a r e s o m e c o m m o n s y m b o l s a n d w h a t t h e y m i g h t m e a n in
your notes:

~ between, from...to

= is, are, e q u a l s

# isn?t, a r e n ' t , d o e s n o t e q u a l

> more than, bigger than

< fess than, smaller t h a n

-> c a u s e , lead t o , c o m e b e f o r e

? M o r e t h a n 5 0 p e r c e n t o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n o f Gulu lives b e l o w the i n t e r n a t i o n a l

p o v e r t y line.?

Notes: > 5 0 % live in p o v e r t y

E MSESPA LISTEN FOR DETAILS Read the notes below. Then listen to segment 1

of the lecture and complete the notes with the correct symbols.

W h a t is Gulu like?

5 0 % live in p o v e r t y

>h a l f 3 farmers

H o w d o microloans w o r k for Gulu farmers?

M i c r o l o a n s regular b a n k loans; collateral (house) not needed

3

Loans $50 $100; n o collateral n e e d e d

4

Interest r a t e s z 35%

After microloans f a r m e r s i n v e s t in f a r m s
6

bigger profits
7

Part of the profits 5 payment of loan

PART 1
107
 S e e a Recognize Facts and Opinions

It is i m p o r t a n t t o r e c o g n i z e t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n f a c t s a n d o p i n i o n s . A s p e a k e r
often s u p p o r t s his or her o p i n i o n with f a c t s a n d o t h e r information. Listening f o r
the following p h r a s e s will help y o u r e c o g n i z e facts and opinions.

OPINIONS |
FACTS

think... e r e isevidence/proof tee

| believe... Ss
ene cairverave ?
rmpretty sur. Researchersfound
in my opinion/view
. . .
The record shows
. . .

F M E S E I Listen to s e g m e n t 2 of the lecture. Write the missing word(s) in the excerpts

below.

1. ?I have given m o n e y to organizations that make microloans.

they are the m o s t effective w a y to help p o o r

people.?

2. ?That d e p e n d s on y o u r w h a t your measure is. There is some evidence o f success.

Firs. CCi???(????COSNN??? that borrowers a l m o s t always p a y b a c k

the loans.?

3. ?Borrowers almost always pay back the l o a n s ? a b o u t 9 5 percent. in addition,

_ _ _ _ b y researchers a t the Massachusetts

Institute o f Technology _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that microloans help

o n e group the most: people w h o already own a business.?

4. ?No, | wouldn't, because SSCS SUCH small

a m o u n t s o f m o n e y can make m u c h o f a difference.?

5. ?Well, y o u are right. These that the loans

resulted in n o c h a n g e in the usual measures o f poverty.?

6. ?There is a n o t h e r w a y to look at the situation, though. A l t h o u g h e c o n o m i c experts

do that people in p o v e r t y often remain

p o o r after they take o u t a microloan, the same also

that loans allow the families to b e c o m e more financially stable.?

7 ° a i d suggests t h a t this k i n d o f Support

increases the chance that microloans will help people break the cycle of poverty.?

408 UNIT6 Lending a Hand

G Review the sentences in exercise F. Write F next to the facts, and O next to opinions.

AFTER YOU LISTEN

H T H I N K CRITICALLY Analyze. Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with

information from the lecture.

1. What are three ways in which microloans have been successful?

a. Ninety-five percent of borrowers

b. Microloans heip people w h o

to get ahead.

c . Microloans help poor families b e c o m e

2. In what way can microloans be considered a failure? Discuss with your partner.
 H o w Microloans Helped?
Women in Gulu .. ?

I T H I N K C R I T I C A L L Y I n t e r p r e t a G r a p h i c . W o r k w i t h a p a r t n e r . L o o k at t h e g r a p h i c
a b o v e . P u t t h e s t e p s b e l o w in t h e c o r r e c t o r d e r a n d d i s c u s s h o w m i c r o l o a n s h e l p e d t h e
w o m e n of Gulu break the cycle of poverty.

a, _.______ saved money

b . used profits to help their community

c. _______ repaid the microloans

d. _ _ _ _ got training in good farming practices 2

e. took classes in math and reading

£ 1 got microloans

SPEAKING |

4 - 4 eeLeaa E x p r e s s an O p i n i o n ,

It is important to be able to state your opinion clearly and effectively. Use the
phrases you heard in the Listening Skill to give an opinion:
I think... | (don?t) believe... In m y view...

To state an even stronger opinion you can use these phrases:

| strongly believe that... { a m certain that... it is very clear that... |

Remember, in academic situations it is important to give facts or other specific

information that support your opinion.

?I have given money to organizations that make microloans. | have read reports
that they are the most effective way to help p o o r people.?

410 U N I T6 Lending a Hand

 a e e l e Wile E a S p e a k in T h o u g h t G r o u p s

A thought group is a g r o u p of w o r d s that g o together t o form a thought or idea. In

writing, w e often use c o m m a s or other punctuation to s h o w where o u r t h o u g h t s
begin and end. Speakers d o this by pausing briefly between t h o u g h t groups. This
makes jt easier for listeners t o understand them.

These types of phrases often form thought groups:

Verb p h r a s e s : b u y a house; p a y it b a c k

P r e p o s i t i o n a l p h r a s e s : f o r a profit; in t h e i r farms; a b o u t 95 p e r c e n t

N o u n p h r a s e s : researchers at the M a s s a c h u s e t t s Institute o f T e c h n o l o g y

I n t r o d u c t o r y p h r a s e s : F i r s t o f all; So,

L MEST Listen to the excerpt and notice the pauses at the end o f each t h o u g h t
group. Then say the lines. Pause very briefly at the end of each t h o u g h t group.

?So, / what kind o f help/ d i d these families get? / They g o t microloans / from

CAFWA. / A microloan is different / from a regular bank loan. / First o f all, / the
amounts are very l o w ? / usually between 50 a n d 100 dollars.?

M EEEREA Work with a partner. Listen to the excerpt and mark (A the speaker?s
thought groups. Then say the lines with brief pauses at the end of each thought
group. Take turns listening and checking your partner?s pauses.

?Second, the borrowers don?t need any collateral. When you b o r r o w

m o n e y to buy a house, for example, i f you don?t pay back the loan,

the bank will take y o u r house. The house is your collateral. The p e o p l e
in Gulu are too p o o r to provide collateral, Finally, the interest o n a

microloan is l o w enough that most borrowers can Pay b a c k the loan?~

usually between 10 and 30 percent. Before they g o t the loans, the

women in Gulu barely made enough to feed their families. They were in
a cycle o f poverty.?

N With your partner, take turns saying the lines from exercise M, pausing briefly at the
end of each thought group.

412 U N I T6 Lending a Hand