PA R T I .

HI ST ORI C A L E SSA Y

ON T HE

C I VI L J U R I SD I CT I O N

O F THE

A DMIRA LTY .
 HI STORICA L ESSA Y

O N T HE

C IVIL J U R I SD I C TI O N
0 ? THE

A D M IRA L T Y .

THE o r i gi n a n d a n ti qui ty of th e ti tle , A d mir a l ,

h a ve e x e r ci s e d th e r e s e a rch a n d div ide d the Opi n i o n s of

ma n y pr o fo un d w ri te r s upo n th i s s ub e ctj . Such an

O ffi c e r i s to be fo un d in mo st k in gdo ms th a t b o rde r up
on th e se a a nd it i s sa id th a t Philip o f F r a n ce w a s the
fir s t w h o co n fe rre d th a t ti tle i n ci v ili z e d Euro pe Thi s .

w a s i n 1 2 84 or 1 2 86 , b ut the sa me w ri te r fin ds the
na me of thi s o fii ce r o c c urri n
g o n ce i n th e hi sto ry of

F ra n ce , s o e a rly a s the y e ar 5 5 8 1 A n d Co . 29 . m . .

By D a Ca n g e w e
-
m a re i n fo r e d th a t th e Si ci li a n s w e re

the fi r s t, a n d the G e n o e s e the n e x t, w h o ga v e th e de

n o min a ti o n o f a d mi ra l to th e co mma n d e r s o f th e i r n a

v al a r ma me nts a nd th a t i t w a s d e ri v e d fro m th e Sa
mir mzr me
’

t a ce n o r A ra b i c w o rd a or e , a
ge n e ra l n a

fo r a n y comma ndin g o ffi ce r A c co rding to s o me w ri

.

te r s th e fi rs t a d mir a l w h o i s r e co r de d i n En gli sh hi s to
ry , w a s in th e g re i n of E d w a rd I i n 1 2 97,
. and the
fir s t ti tle o f A d mir a l of En gl a n d w h i ch w a s e x pre s s

ly co n fe rre d upo n a s ub e ct, w a s giv e n b y pa te n t fro m

j
R i ch a rd I I in 1 387, to th e E a rl o f A run de ] a n d Surry
. .

But Sp elma n i s o f Opin i o n th a t the title w a s fi r s t use d

in th e re i gn o f He n ry I I I be c a us e i t do e s n o t o c cur i n
.

the l a w s of O le ro n e n a cte d i n 1 2 66 , nor is me n tio n e d

by B r a e to n, w ho w r o te a bo ut tha t ti me ; a nd in a ch a r

te r , 8 He nry , w hi ch gran te d the Offi ce to Ri cha rd d e

VII I J U RI SD I C TI O N O F THE

La cy , the title i s n o t us e d . But in the 56 th y e a r o f th e

sa me re ign , the h i s to ri a n s us e d th e a ppe lla ti o n , a n d it
i s li k e wi se fo un d in ch a rte r s .

The title A dmi r a lis A ng l ia; w as n ot fre que n t until

the re i
gn of He n ry I V w he n the ti tle w a s gi v e n to
.

the k i ng brothe r Cycl v er b A dm

’
s . . . .

Th e se particula rs a re not Wi tho ut i n te re st to ma ny

re a d e rs : b ut a s i t i s n e i the r within o ur urpo s e n o r a bi :
p
li ty to i n v e s tiga te th e m fully , w e le a v e th e s ub e ct to j
th e a n ti qua ri a n a n d th e lo i i o b gr a ph e r , a n d h a s te n to
‘‘

a n o th e r w hic h i s mo re i mpo r ta n t a nd le s s e n v e lo pe d

in my s te ry .

Th e j uri s d i cti o n of th e c i vi l o r i n s ta n ce co urt o f a d

mira lty , as
p it is at r e s e n t u n d e rs to o d , a
pp e ar s to b e of

a s tr a n ge ly a n o ma l o us k i n d M a ri n e r s w a ge s , ex ce t
’
p .

W h e re the co n tra ct i s un d e r s e a l o r i s ma d e i n a n un u
ma nne r ; b o tto mry in ce rta in ca se s o n ly a n d un
s ua l ,

de r ma ny re s tri cti o n s ; a n d s a lv a ge w he n the pr o pe r ,

ty s hi pw re c ke d i s no t c a s t a s h o r e ; a ppe a r to b e th e ou

ly s ub j ec ts w ithi n w h a t i s n o w c o n s i de re d to be i ts le

gi ti ma te co
gn i z a n ce .

By th e publi ca ti o n o f D r R o bi nso n s R e p o r ts , w e .
’

h a v e b e en , h o w e v e r, fo r th e fir s t ti me i n fo r me d , fo r
i n th e co mmo n la w b o o k s the re i s n o tra ce o f i t to be
fo un d, tha t th e co urt o f a d mira l ty Of E ng l a n d , e n te r

ta i n s s ui ts fo r the mer e p oss ess io n o f v e s s e ls tho ugh i t

n e ve r in ter fe re s w h e re the ti tl e i s in c o n tr o v e rsy . We
o ught a ls o to ha v e me n tio n e d th a t the ad mir a lty ha s a n
a n cie n t a n d lo n g r e c o gn i z e d j uri s dictio n , to d e ci de
b e tw e e n the pa rt o w n e r s o f a s hip o r v e s s e l, w h o dif
fe r a mo ng the mse l ve s a b o ut the po li cy or a d v a n ta ge of
s e n din h on a a ti ul oy a ge .
g er p r c a r v
 C O UR T O F A D MIRA L T Y . Ix

On co n s i de ri n g th e pre s e n t s ta te o f the civ i l j uri s

di c ti o n of th e c o urt o f a d m i ra lty a n d tra cin g b a ck i ts
hi s to ry to a n ci e n t ti me s , w e w e re i n d uce d to b e lie v e
th a t tho s e diffe r e n t j
s ub e cts Of w hi ch i t n ow h a s the
a c k n o w le d g e d co
gn i z a n ce , w e re the v e n e r a ble re

ma in s Of a much mo re e x te n s i v e ju ri s d i c ti o n w hi ch i t
w a s lo n g e rmi tte d to e x e r ci s e , n o tw i th s ta n d in g the
p
r e s tri c ti ve s ta tute s o f 13 and 1 5 R i ch I I .

pi
. Thi s O

n io n wa s co n fir me d by a pe r us a l o f th e
pre se n t w o rk .

A s th e co ur t o f a d mira lty is co n s ti tute d a t

pre se n t

th e gre a te s t pa rt Of
i ts pro c e e di n gs i n ci vi l c a s e s i s
in re m . I n de e d i t w a s n o t lo n g a go h e l d th a t i t ha d n o
j uri s di c ti o n i n p er s on a m, andth a t que s ti o n w a s a gita
te d so l a te as th e y e a r 1 78 1 i n th e gre a t c a se Of L e
Ca me v E d e n . . I f, the n , in th e r e ign o f E li z a beth , w he n
o u r a u th o ur w ro te , the ju ri s d i ctio n o f th e co urt o f a d

mira lty h a d b e e n li mite d a s i t i s a t pre s e n t, hi s r ule s o f

r a c ti ce
w o uld h a v e be e n a r ti c ul a r l d i t d t th
p p y r e c e o e

s e ci a l c a se s o f w h i ch i t h a d c o n i z a n ce , a n d ti
p g p a r

c u la rly m W h e re a s the mo de rn
to pro c e e d i n g s i n re .

s ubj e cts o f a dmi ra lty j ur i s d icti o n b o tto mry s a lv a ge , ,

a n d ma ri n e r s w a ge s a re n o t e v e n m
’
, e n ti o n e d a n d o n ly ,

a s i n l e ch a te r o r title h h
g p ( t e 4 l s t) r e l a te s t o t o s e
p r o

ce e d i n s w hi c h ma y o e r ly b e s a i d to b e i n r em fo r
g p pr

w e c a n n o t c a ll by th a t n a me a n a tta ch me n t O f pro pe r
'

ty fo r th e me r e ur o s e o f co mpe llin g th e a ppe a r a n ce

p p
o f the d e fe n d a n t o n w h i c h th e la in tiff d o e s n o t cl a i m
, p
a n y ri h t f o w n e rshi o r lie n , a s i s th e c a s e i n a s uit
g o
p
on a b o tto mry b o n d o r fo r s e a me n s w a ge s
’
But i t .

se e ms fro m the c o n te x t o f M r Clar ke s b o o k th a t the .

’
,

a d mi r a lty i n h i s ti m
, e h a d c o gn i z a n ce o f a gre a t v a
,

ri e ty Of ma tte r s a n d c o n tra cts w hi ch r e q uire d th e

s a me mo de s o f pro ce e din g th a t a re use d by co ur ts

of
ge n e ra l j uri s dictio n . I n de e d it e v i d e n tly a ppe a rs
th a t the gre a te s t n u be r m o f s uits w hi ch the a d m i ra lty
the n e n te rta in e d, w e re a ction s o f de bt fo un de d upo n
0
H
 J U RI SD I C TI O N OF THE

co n tr a ct, w hi ch w e re in th e firs t in sta n ce by

e n fo rce d

the a rre s t o f th e d e b to r , i f he w a s pre s e n t, a n d by a t

ta ch me n t o f hi s prope rty , i n o r de r to co mpe l hi s a p

pe a r a n ce if he w a s a b s e n t. Th e y e n te rta i n e d pe ti to

ry s uits , i n w hich th e y de cid e d on th e ti tle to pro pe r

ty as w e ll asp o s s e s s o ry s ui ts , fo r the m e re
po ss e s

si o n . No tr a ce s w h a te v e r a ppe a r o f s uch a li mite d j u

ri s d i cti o n a s the a d m ira lty po s s e s se s a t the pre s e n t
da y . A ma rk a ble th a t durin g the lo n g re ign
nd it is re

o f Q ue e n E li za be th fo rty fo ur y e a r s ) n o pr o h ib i tio n
( -

a ppe a r s to h a v e be e n i s s ue d a ga in s t the a d m
°

ir a lty
co urt e x c e t tw o o r th re e w h i ch a re me n ti o n e d b y
p ,

L o r d Co ke i n 4 th I n st b ut w h i ch w e d o n o t fin d e l s e
.

w he re r e po rte d , a n d w h i ch , i f h i s re po r t b e co rre ct,

w e re i n i
v o la t o n o
i f th e a gre e me n t th a t w il l he re a f
te r be me n tio n e d . Th e ad mi ra lty j uri s d ictio n the n , as

fa r as we a re n o w a b l e to tr a ce i t, e x te n d e d to a ll ca s e s

of fre i gh t, ch a r te r pa rti e s , b o tto mry , ma r i n er s w a ge s , ’

de b ts d ue to ma te ri a l me n fo r th e b ui ldi n g a n d re pa i r
in g o f s h ips , a n d ge n e r a lly , to w h a t w a s th e n c o n s i d e r
ed asma r i ti me co ntr a cts I t e x te n de d a ls o to c o n.

tr a cts ma de a b ro a d b e c a us e th o s e w e re to b e d e c i d e d
,

a c c o rdi n g to the ci v i l la w , w h ich w a s and is s ti ll the

la w of th e ad mira lty . Thi s j uri s d i c tio n w a s s e c ur e d

to tha t c o ur t by a n a re e
g me n t wh ich was si
gn e d , in
th e 1 7th y e a r o f E li za be th , by a ll th e co mmo n l a w
j ud ges , in Or d e r to put a n e n d to th e d i s pute s w h i ch

th e i r je a lo u s y ha d e x ci te d a n d p p
e r e tua lly k e pt a li ve .

Vi d e 4 I n s t 1 36
. .

B ut th o s e a rticle s , i n th e s ub s e
qu e n t re i n s ,
g w e re
no t e xe cute d w i th go o d fa i th , a n y mo re th a n s i mila r
one s w hi ch w e re a s s o le mnly a gre e d to i n the e ight h
y e a r Of Ch a r l es I Vi d Ra y 3 S ea L a ws 2 35 Th e
. . . . .

j udge s e v a de d the m by s ubte rfu

ge s w hi c h w e re nu

w o r thy Of the d ign i ty o f the b e n ch , a n d did n o t o h

s e rv e th e m lo n ge r tha n the y w e re c o n stra i ne d b y the
 C O UR T O F A DM IR A LTY . xx

w e ight o f ro y a l a utho rity So us e ful , ho w e v e r , w e re

.
o

th e y co n s i de re d to b e to tra de a n d co mme rce , t h a t the

r e pub li c a n Pa rli a me n t e n a cte d the m in s ub s ta n ce by
a n o rdi n a n ce o f
the 1 2 th o f A p r i l , 1 6 4 8 S co be l l 1 47 . .

B ut a t the Re s to ra tio n , th a t o r din a n ce ce a s e d to be in

fo rce a nd the co mmon la w j udge s be ga n a ga i n to an s

n oy the ad mira lty co urt w ith pro hibitio n s , as th e y h a d

fo rme rly d o ne . The y d i d n o t, i n de e d, v e n ture to de

pri ve th e m of a ll j
the i r uri s d ictio n ; they le ft the m the
c o gn iz a n ce o f th o s e ca s e s of b o tto mry a nd ma rin e rs ’

w a ge s w hi ch the y e n te rta i n a t pre se n t, b ut de cla re d

th a t the y a llo w e d it fr o m me re i n dulge n ce a n d fro m
th e n e ce s s i ty o f th e thin g O n the s a me gr o un d a pro
.

hi bi tio n w a s d e n i e d i n a c a s e o f ma ri n e r s w a ge s , ’
so

e a r ly a s th e 8 th o f J a m es I Wi nch 8 A n o nymous
. . . .

I t is ce rta in th a t the co urt o f a d mi ra lty ,

i n i ts o ri .

g i n, ha d a n d e n te r ta i n e d a ju r i s di c ti o n c o e x te n s i ve
-

w ith th a t o f th e ma riti me co urts through o u t Euro pe .

Tho se c o ur ts w e re e s ta bli sh e d fo r the pro te c tio n o f

ma ritime co mme rce , to w hi ch the fe uda l j udi ca ture s
o f th o s e ti me s w e re e n tire ly i n a de q ua te W e fin d .

th e m i n the mi dd le a ge s e sta blis he d i n a ll the ma ritime

c o un tri e s o f chri s te n d o m i n s o me un de r th e n a me o f

a d mi ra lty , in o th e r s un d e r th a t o f c o n s ul a r c o urts .

I n the s o uth o f E ur op e th e j ud ge s wh o ha d c o gui

z a n ce o f co mme rci a l a n d ma riti me c a use s , w e re d e

no m in a te d co n s uls ; a nd the ce le br a te d co de by w hi ch
th e y w e re dire cte d w a s the n ce c a lle d the co n s ul a te o f

th e s e a . I l Consola to de l Ma r e . Tho se co n sul s w e re

me re j
ci vi lud ge s u n c o nn
,
e cte d w i th th e m i l i ta ry
o r fe ud a l s y s te m; b ut i n th e n o rth whe re fe uda li ty ,

mo s t fl o ur i s he d a n d w,
h e re th e j u di c i ary p o w e r w a s

co n s i de re d a s a n e ce s s a ry a pp e n da ge to milita ry gra n .

d e ur , the co n s ta b le , w ho w a s at th e h e a d o f th e la n d
ar m i e s, a n d the ad mira l wh o co mma n de d the n a v a l
'

fo rce s , could n o t, co n s i s te n tly w ith the di gn ity of the ir

 x 11 J U RI SD I C TI O N O F THE

w itho ut a po rti o n
s ta tio n s , be of j
th e udi ci a l a uth o r ity ,

w h i le e ve ry pe tty b a ro n h a d a co urt o f hi s o wn . The

co nsta ble the re fo re i n v e s te d hi s lie ute n a n ts , as the b a
ro n s di d the ir s te w a rd s , w i th the po w e r o f d e ci din g
a l l ma tte rs a n d difi e re n ce s w hi ch a ro s e o ut o f the
'

on

and th e j uri s d i c ti o n ma ritime a fi a irs n a

'

w a rs o ve r

tura lly fe ll to th e s h a re o f the a d mira l Hi s co urt w a s .

e s ta b l i sh e d o n th e mo de l o f the co n s ula r co urts a nd

th o se ma ri time '

c o n tr a cts w hi ch a re re gula te d by th e
Co n s o la to d e l ! Ma r e a n d the l a w s of Ol er on , w e re th e
j
s ub e c t ma tte rs o f the i r civ il j uri s dicti o n .

Of th i s fa ct the r e i s a s uffi ci e n t e v i de n ce to be fo un d
i n th e a n ci e n t re co r d s tha t a re
p re s e rv e d i n E ng l a n d
i n the B l a ck B o ok of th e ad mira lty . A mo n g the s e ,
is
a n a n ci e n t s ta tute o f ki n g E dw a r d I by w hi ch he o r .

d a i n e d , w ith the c o n s e n t o f h i s b a ro n s , th a t th e s te w
“
.

a rd s o f th e ir co urts s ho ul d n o t h o ld ple a o f a ny th i n g
c o n c e rn i n
g me r ch a n ts or ma r in ers , Whe the r it b e on

ch a r t er r ti es o f v e s s e ls , o bliga tio n s o r o the r d e e ds ,

p a
-

e ve n tho ugh i t s h o uld b e un de r fo rty s hi lli n g s . O the r

w i s e the y b e pro ce e de d a ga in s t by i n di c tme n t
s h o uld

a n d i f fo un d gui lty b y a ury o f tw e l ve me n , th e j

y
sh o uld be i mpri s o n e d at the di s cre ti o n o f th e lo r d hi gh
ad mira l .
”

I n the re i
gn of E dw ar d I II w a s . ma de th e ce le br a t

ed in qui s iti o n of Qu e e n s bo r o ugh , w hi ch i s to be fou n d

i n Zo uch s J ur is d
’
. o f A dm A .
pss3 4 I
. t co n
. ta i n s a .

li s t o f o ffe n ce s w hi ch th e c o urt o f a d mir a lty ha d the n

fro m time i mme mo ri a l b e e n a uth o r i s e d to i n quire o f
and
pu n i sh a nd a mo n g th o se i s tha t of j
udge s e n

te rta i n in g ple a s o f c a us e s be lo n gin g to the ad mir a l ,

a n d o f s uch a s in ad mi ra lty ca u s e s , s ue i n th e c o ur ts

o f co mmo n la w .
”
Zo uch 36 .

Se e th e te xt of th is s ta tute in M aste r Rowghton s hrticle s, printed ’

wi th G lerke ’
s Praxis .
p 1 5
. 2 , 3, 4 Edit 1 798
. . .
 C O UR T O F A DM I R A LTY x m
Th is w a s n o t, w e pre s ume , dire cte d a ga in s t th e
o v e r w h o m w e d o n o t thi n k th a t the l o r d
’
k i ng s co ur ts ,

h i gh a d mira l e v e r cla i me d a n y j uri s dictio n o r co ntro ul;

b ut a
g a i n st the multi tu de of i n fe ri o r c o urts w ith w hi ch
E n g la n d w a s fi lle d
tha t pe ri o d
at Th e co ur t o f a d .

m i ra lty , i n d e e d , c l a i me d to b e , a n d w a s the n c o n s i d e r
e d a s o n e o f th e k i n g s s upe ri o r co urts , a n d a s s uch
’

e x e r ci s e d th e po w e r o f ch e ck in g a n d c o n tro ulin g i n fe
r i or j uri s d i c ti o n s , a n d pa r tic u la rly the b a ro n s c o urts ,
’

w hich at th a t ti me r ule d al mo s t o mn ipo te n t w i t hin

th e ir r e spe c ti v e p re cin cts .

Th e s turdy b a ro n s c o ul d n o t s ub mit to be c h e ck e d

i n the mi d s t o f a j udicia l c a re e r w h ic h w a s s o pro fita ,

b l e to th e m F o r i t mus t n o t b e i ma gi n e d th a t the y
'

w e re v e ry a mb i ti o n s o f th e e mpty ho n o ur o f a d mi n i s
j
t e ri n g us ti c e to th e ir i n fe ri o r s ; and tha t, fo r th a t a l o n e ,
t h e y w o ul d h a v e b e e n a n x i o us to o b ta in o r r e s e rv e a
p
s h a re o f th e j udi c i a l a uth o r it
y . But a w ar o f c o nfis

c a ti o n s w a s the n w a ge d by the lo rd s a ga i n s t th e i r v a s
s a ls . Th e chur ch, o n the o n e h a n d , a n d the n o b le s , o n
th e o th e r , by me a n s o f th e ir j ud ici a l e s ta b l i s h me n ts ,

v i e d w i th e a c h o th e r in r a pa ci ty . E ve n d o w n to the
d ay s of Lo r d Co ke , i t w a s a c urre n t s a y i n ,
g th a t
”
Q u a d n o n c ap i t Chr i stu s , ca
p j
i t i s cus . 3 B ul s tr 1 47. .

To s e c ure , th e re fo r e , fo rfe i tur e s , w a i fs , s tr a y s , h e ri

o ts , de o da n ds , a nd a v a ri e ty ,
fe ud a l pe rqui
o f o th e r

s i te s , w a s th e re a l re a s o n w h ich i n d uce d th e m to k e e p
th a t po w e r i n th e ir h a n ds Th e o b s e quio us s te w a r d s ,
.

a ppo i n te d by th e l o r d s , a n d r e mo v a b le a t th e ir w i ll,

s e ld o mfa ile d to d e ci de s i mi la r ca us e s i n fa v o ur o f the ir

i mpe r i o us ma s te r s A mo n g th o s e pe rq ui si te s n o t the
.
,

le a s t i mpo rta n t to th e m w a s th a t o f w r e cks ; a n d the y

,

s e l d o m fa i le d to a ppro pr i a te to th e ms e l v e s th e v e s s e l s

d o o d w hi ch w e r e un fo r tun a te ly ca s t u
po n th e En
an g s

l i s h co a s t A s w r e ck w a s w i thin th e pr o pe r ma ri
g .

ti me j uri sdi ctio n of th e l o r d hi gh ad mira l , h e i n te r fer

 x w J UR I SD I C TI O N OF THE

ed w i th the m, not w ith a v ie w o f re s cui n

g th e s h ip
w re cke d pr o pe rty fo r th e be n e fit o f the o w n e rs , b ut i n
o rde r to o bta in i t hi mse lf dr oit o f hi s o fii ce
as a A t "
.

th a t ti me s e ve ra l o f th e ma ri ti me to w n s e nj o y e d r a n
f
ch is es o f the i r o w n , a nd w e re e xe mpte d fr o m th e j u

r i s di cti o n o f fe uda l lo rd s a nd the i r s te w a r d s . Th e re

the munic ipa l a uth o ri ty , w ho s e ma nne rs w e re s o fte n

e d a n d r e fin e d by the pla sti ck i n ue n ce o f fl co mme rce

a nd th e fi n e a rts ,
pre s e r v e d s uch shipw re c ke d pro pe r
ty a s ca me w i th in the ir b o un ds , a n d r e s to re d i t to th e
l a w ful o w ne r . To the mthe e x e rci s e o f th a t a n d o th e r

p a rts o f th e ad mira l s j ur i s dic ti o n

’
be ca me i n to le ra b le
a nd i n th e re i gn R i ch a r d I I th e y l a i d the ir co m
of .

l a i n ts be fo re a rli a me n t T h e b ar o n s , a s ma y b e
!
p p
s up o s e d , le n t the ma re a dy e a r , a n d th e ir re mo n stra n
p
ce s s pe e d i ly
p ro c ure d the fa mo us sta tute s o f 1 3 Ri cha r d
ca p 5 a n d 1 5 R i ch a r d I I ca p 3 by w hi ch w r e ck
‘1 1 . . . . . .

w a s , a mo n g o th er thi n gs , e x pre s s ly e x clude d fro mthe

j uri s di ctio n o f th e c o urt o f a d mira lty .

By th e firs t o f th e s e s ta tute s i t w a s e n a cte d tha t the

a dmi ra lty s ho uld o n ly me ddle w ith thi ngs do n e upo n
th e s ea , as h a d be e n us e d in the re i gn o f
E d wa r d I II .

a nd b y the se c o n d tha t he s ho uld n ot h a v e c o n i z a n ce

g
o f c on tr a cts , l a nd qu rr e ls a d th th i ngs ri
p ea s a , n o e r

s i ng w i th i n th e bo di es f
o co un ti es , n or o f w r eck . It
ms h o w e v e r, th a t n o tw i ths ta n din h t
’

see , g t e se s a tute s

the c o urt o f a d mira lty c o n tin ue d to e x e rci s e i ts an

c ie n t j uri s di cti o n w i th b ut li ttle i n te rr upti o n fro m th e

c o urts o f co mmo n la w un til th e re i gn o f J a me s I .

e ve n i n th a t re i gn a nd w hile Lo r d Co ke sa t o n

the be n ch , pro hibi ti o n s w e re n o t fre que n t ; th a t i n th e

re i gn o f Ch a r l e s I th e a gre e e n t w hi ch h a d be e n
. m
ma de un d e r E li za beth b e tw e e n the co urts o f a d mira l
ty a n d co mmo n la w , fo r th e s e ttle me n t o f the ir re s

pe cti v e j uri sdicti o ns w a s re ne w e d an d i t wa s n o t nu

3 Recm Eng Ld'w 1 97.

’
. .
 C O UR T O F A D M I R A L TY . xv

til th e re ign o f Cha r l es I I . th a t a s e ri o us stru

ggle to o k
pla ce b e tw e e n th e tw o a uth o ri tie s w hi ch fin a lly te r
min ate d in the tri umph o f the co mmo n la w .

The co n te s t was ma in ta in e d w ith gre a t a b i li ty , o n

th e pa rt of th e ci v ili a n s ,
by E a t on , Zo uch a n d G a do l
h i n , a ll o f the m e min e n t u i t I j t f th
p r s s n s upp o r o e.

d o ctrin e s w hich th e y d e fe n de d , th e y di spla y e d a ll th e

i n ge n uity and fo rce of re a s o n
g h th e b ut a lth o u

W e i gh t o f a rgume n t w a s ma n i fe s tly a n d de ci de d ly o n
th e ir s i d e , y e t the s uperi o r po w e r a n d i n fl ue n c e o f th e
k i n g s co urt o f co mmo n la w pre v a ile d
’
.

But th e w o rk s of the s e ci v ili a n s ma y be c o n s ulte d

w i th gre a t a d va n ta ge b y th o s e w ho a r e d e s iro u s o f be
c o mi n g inti ma te ly a c u a i n te d w i th the n a ture a n d e x
q
te nt of the a n ci e n t j uri s di ctio n o f the E ng l is h co ur t

of ad mir a lty ,
and th e u s ur a ti o n s , fo r s o the y
p mus t
now be ca l le d , o f the mmo n la w The y i n
c o ur ts o f c o .

te rpr e te d the s ta tute s o f R i ch a r d i n s u ch a ma n n e r a s

n o t to l e a v e the c o ur t o f a dmir a lty a n y civ i l j ur i s di c

ti o n w h a te v e r . Thi s w a s an in te rpre ta ti o n w h i ch co uld

not ha v e b e e n the i n te n ti o n o f the fra me rs of th e la w ,
w ho un d o ub te d ly me a n t to l e a v e th e m, ex ce pt as to
w r e ck, the sa me j uri s di ctio n w hi ch the y h a d e x e r cise d
i n the re i gn o f E dw a r d II I . and w e h a ve se en ab o v e
w h a t th a t w a s . Bu t the c o urts o f co mmo n la w de te r
min e d tha t i f a c o n tra c t wa s ma de a t s e a ,
b ut to b e ex

e cute d o n la n d ,ma de o n la n d to b e e x e cute d a t s e a

or ,

i n e ith e r ca s e the co mmo n l a w h a d j uri s d ic tio n e x

,

e l us iv e o f the a d mi ra lty W h a t co n tra cts th e n w e re

.
‘

th o s e w hi ch re ma i n e d w i thin the j uri s di cti o n o f th e

la tte r co urt W ho ca n co nce i v e a n i de a o f a co n tra ct

ma de a t s ea to be p erfor med a t s e a an i n s trume n t,

fo r i n sta n c e , ma de i n o n e l a ti tude to b e e x e cute d i n
a n o the r ? The ci vi li a n s mo re r a ti o n a lly i n te rpre te d the

s ta tute s to m e a n , by th i ng s a nd co ntr a cts do n e a t s ea ,

xv i JU R I SD I C TI O N O F THE

th o s e th in gs wh ich, a ltho ugh th e i n s tru

a n d co n tra cts ,

me n t by w hich the y w e re pro ve d ma y be ma d e o n

la n d , y e t a re o f a ma riti me n a tur e , a n d a re us ua lly
erf o r me d a t s e a s uch a s co n tra cts o f a fl r e i gh tme n t
'

p
and th e lik e o f th e co gn i z a n ce o f w hi ch th e ad mira l ,
ty w a s c le a rl o s se s se d i n the re i gn o f E d wa r d I I I
y p .

Th e que s tio n , h o w e ve r , i s n o w a t re s t i n E ng la n d
a nd th e h i gh c o urt o f a d mira lty ha s s ub mitte d to the
re s tri cti o n s w hich th e c o urts o f commo n la w ha v e
i mpo s e d p u on its j uri s di cti on . Y e t i n mo de rn ti me s ,

the l a tte r h a v e
p a
pe a re d to re gre t tha t th o s e e n~

cro a ch me n ts h a d be e n fa r ; a n d th e ir d e ci
c a rr i e d so

s i o n s , s in ce th e ti me o f L o r d M a n fie ld , b re a th a s i
s p
ri t o f much g re a te r mo de ra ti o n tha n th o s e of h is pre
de ce s s o r s On s e v e ra l o i n ts , w he re i t w a s d o ub tful
.
p
th e ad mir a lty j uri s di c t o n
i h a s be e n s e cure d a n d fo rti
fi e d b y cle a r a n d e x pli cit a dj udi ca ti o n s i n o the r ca s
e s , i t h a s b e e n e v i de n tly e n la rge d a s i n th a t o f s u i ts

on b o tto mry c o n tra cts u n de r s e a l . M en eto n e v G i b .

bons , 3 Ter mR ep 2 6 7 The re i t w a s d e te rmi n e d th a t

. .

th e j ur i s d i ctio n o f the c o urt o f a d mir a lty d o e s n o t d e

nd o n the l o ca li ty f the co n tr a ct b ut the s ubj e ct
pe
o on

ma tter . Thi s i s the v e ry

pr i n ci le
p fo r w h i ch th e ci v i

li a n s h a v e so lo n g c o n te n d e d a nd it o n ly n o w t e

ma i n s to a
pp ly i t w i th p p
r o e r li b e ra li ty i n o r de r to re s

to re to th e c o urts o f a d mi r a lty , a pa rt, a t le a st, o f th a t

ju r i s di c ti o n o f w h i ch th e y h a v e be e n d e priv e d by th e
un re a s o n a ble j e a l o us y of th e c o urts o f c o mmo n la w .

We s ho uld n o t ha ve e n te re d s o ful ly i n to thi s s ub

j ce t , b ut th a t w e th i n k th e re a ri s e s o ut o f it a n i mpo r
ta n t q ue stio n un d e r th e co n s titutio n of the U n i te d
Sta te s .By th a t i n strume n t, th e U ni te d S ta te s a re in
v e s te d w i th the j u dici a r y po w e r i n a ll c a s e s o f a dmi
r a it
y a nd ma r itime j ur is dicti on . I s th a t j uri sdi ctio n
the sa me w hi ch the h igh c o urt o f a d mira lty forme rly
 CO U RT O F A D M I R A LTY . x vn

po sse s s e d ; o r i s it re stricte d by the sta tute s o f Ri cha r d

II . a nd th e a dj udi ca ti o n o f the E n li sh co urts fo un d
g
e d upo n th e m?

I n the ca s e o f the S a ndwi ch , Pct A dm 2 33, J udge '

. .

W i nch ester , of the M a ry la n d D i s tri ct, s aid th a t the

s ta tute s of 13 and 1 5 R i cha r d I I . h a ve r e ce i ve d in
E n g l a nd a co n s tru ctio n w hi ch must a t a ll time s pro
hi b it the ir e x te n si o n to thi s co untry , a n d he go e s o n to
me n ti o n so me i n s ta nc e s of irre co n cile a ble de ci s i o n s
un d e r tho s e s ta tute s by diffe re n t j udge s .

I t w a s di ffi cul t fo r an i nco n s i s te n cy or a fa lse co n

e lu si o n to e s ca
p e th e pe n e tra ti n g mi n d o f thi s pro
fo un d l a w y e r , w h o w i ll l o n g b e re me mb e re d a mo n
g
th e b ri gh te s t l umi n a ri e s of A me ri ca n j uri sprud e n ce .

We a re inc lin e d to the

p i n i o n tha t the w o rd s c d
o

mi r a lty a n d ma r itimej ur is di ctio n , in o ur c o n stituti o n ,

s h o ul d b e s o co n s tr ue d a s to v e s t i n the D i s tr i ct C o urts

th o se po w e rs whi ch w e re fo rme rly e x e rci s e d by the

m
Hi gh C o urt o f A d ira lty Th e i mpo rta n ce o f a ri
. m
ti me co mme rce , the n e ce s s ity o f ce rta in ty a n d s ta b i li
li ty in i ts Ope ra tio n s a n d th e div e rs ity of th o s e Ope ra

a ti o n a re uire a n e x te n s i v e a d m
q ir a lty j uri s di ctio n .

I t be co me s u s, h o w e v e r, b a re ly to s ugge st thi s i n te
r e s ti n g ue s ti o n, a n d le a v e th e i n v e s tiga tio n o f i t to
q
th o s e w h o a re j
the pr o pe r udge s a n d who a re e in e n t m
ly be tte r q ua lifie d fo r the ta sk th a n w e c a n pre te n d to

be .

F o r pa rti cula r i nfo rma ti on o n the subj e ct o f the p r e

s ent j i
ur s di c ti o n o f th e ci v i l o r i n s ta n ce c o urt o f a d
mira lty in E n g la n d a n d o f the la w s a n d fo rms by
w hich i ts pro ce e dings a re go ve rn e d, the re a d e r i s re
fe rre d to B r own s Civi l a n d A dm ir a lty La w , in which
‘ ’

3
xv m J U R I SD I C TI O N O F THE

th e j
s ub e ct i s tre a te d i n a l umin o us , me tho dica l , a n d
co mpre he n si v e ma n n e r .

The re a re b ut a fe w de c is i o n s of o ur o w n c o ur ts

w h i ch ma k e a n y cha n ge o n the s ubj e ct o f j uri s d i ctio n .

The mo s t i mpo rta n t a re 1 D a li: 49 3 D a ll 2 97 4

,
. . .

C ra n ch 2 4 , 443, 4 47 , 45 2 .

O ur dmir a lty i s y e t in i ts i n fa n cy , a n d w e mu s t
a

w a i t fo r th e s lo w h a nd o f time to un fo ld th e e x te n t
The fo rms o f pr o ce e d i n g a re e u a lly q
’

of i ts po w e r s .

u n s e ttle d a n d v a ri o us W e sh a ll th e re fo re , b y th e a d
.

v i ce o f a j udi ci o us fri e n d, j
s ub o i n a co l le cti o n o f a p

ove d e ce de n t s
pr pr .

To gra tify the c uri o s i ty o f th o se w h o w i s h to pur

s ue th e i n v e s tiga ti o n of th e j
s ub e ct o f w h i c h w e ha v e

ta k e n a c ur s o ry v i e w in thi s intro d ucti o n , w e s ha ll a dd

th e fo llo w i n g d o cu me n ts

1 . The Ha s ti ngs ma de by Ki n g E d
o r di n a n ce of ,

w a r d I o u the s ubj e ct o f a d mi ra lty j uri s d ic tio n : e x

.

tr a c te d fro m the Bl a ck B o o k o f th e A dmir a l ty :

2 . The h e a d s of the a r ti cle s o f the I n qui s i ti o n of

Q ue e n s bo r ou
g ,h ta k e n i n th e 4 9 th y e a r o f E d w a r d II I .

by e i gh te e n e x e r t s e a me n b e fo re th e A d mi r a l s o f
p
th e N o r th and W e st a nd th e Lo r d W a rde n of the
C in que P o r ts .

A dmi r a li ta tis ,
mo n s tr a n ce of
'

3 Th e A
. r ti culi o r re

the C o urt of A dmi ra lty to K in g J a mes I co mpla in in g .

of the v i o l a ti o n o f the a r ti cle s a re e d u a n d si n

g po n g
ed by a ll the c o mmo n la w udge s in the 1 7 th y e a r j of

E li za beth , w ith Lo r d Coke s e v a s i ve a n s w er

’
.

Probably a G rand J y f
ur o Marine rs .
 W ar o n A DMI RA LTY .

4e The R e s o luti on s igne d b y a ll th e co mmo n l a w

j udge s i n th e 8th y e a r o f K
in g Ch a r l es I o n th e s ub .

j e ct o f a d mira lty j uri s di ctio n a n d a fte rw a rd s di s a v o w

cd .

5 . Th e O r d i n a n ce ma de by the Re publ i ca n Pa rli a

me n t of E n g l a n d, i n 1 6 48 , o n the sub e ct o f a d mi r al j »

ty j uri s di cti o n .

Or di n a n ce f
o Ha s ti n g s on th e s ub e ct o j f A dmi r a lty
J u r i s di cti o n .

Ex tra ct fro m th e B la ck Bo o k o f th e A d mi ral ty, C .

-A rt 2 0 . .

( T R A N SLA T I O N .
)

It was o r d a in e d a t Ha s ti n gs by K in g E d wa r d I . and

h i s Lo r d s , th a t w h e r e a s d iv e r s L or d s h a d v a ri o us fr a n
c hi s e s o f try in g ple a s i n s e a po rts the ir S te w a r d s o r
-

B a i li fl s sh o uld n o t h o ld a n y ple a , i f i t c o n c e r n e d me r
'

ch a n ts o r ma r i n e r s , w h e the r by D e e d, Ch a r ter a rt
p y
-

o f v e s s e ls , Oblig a ti o n s o r o the r D e e ds ; e v e n th o ugh

th e su m sh o uld n o t e x ce e d 2 03 . or 4 0s .
.
and th a t i f
a n y o n e a ct to th e co n tra ry , a n d s h o ul d th e r e o n b e in
dicte d , an d b e th e re o f c o n v i c te d , j udgme n t s h o uld be

gi ve n a ga in s t him a s i s sa id a bo v e .

V i d e Cl er ke s Pr a x i s , L o n d E di t 1 743 p a g e 1 53
’
. . . .

He a ds of th e A r ti cl es of th e I n qui s i ti o n ta ke n a t Qu i n
bor ow i n th e y e a r 1 376 , i n th e 4 9 th of Ki n g E dw a r d
th e Th i r d, by e ig h te e n ex
p er t s e a men ,
befo r e Wi lli a m
N evi l, A dmir a l of th e N or th , Ph i l ip Cour ten ey , A d
xx J URI SDI C TI O N O F THE

mir a l of th e West , a nd the Lo rd La timer , Wa r d en of

l . o r n n cz s A G A I NS T r un a re n o " l a b or .

1 . Of s uch a s di d furni sh th e e ne my w ith vi ctua l s

a nd ammun i tio n a n d o f such a s , did tra fli c with th e

e ne mi e s w ith o ut spe ci a l li ce n ce .

2 O f Tra y to r s go o d s de ta ine d in
. shi ps a n d co n

c e a le d fro m th e K i ng .

3 . O f Pi ra te s , the ir re ce i v e rs , mainta i n e r s a nd co n

s o r te r s .

4 . Of mur the r s ma n s la ughters mai me s

, , and
p y
e tt
fe l o n ie s c o mmi tte d i n s hips .

5 . Of s h ips a rre s te d fo r kin g ’

s s e r v i ce ; b re a k i n g
th e a rr e st ; a nd o f s e rge a n ts of the ad mira lty , w ho
fo r mo n e y d i s ch a rge s hi
p s a r r e s te d fo r the k in g s ’
se r

v i ce a nd o f ma ri n e r s w ho h a vi n g ta k e n pa y , run a

w a y fro m the k in g s se rv i ce .
’

11 . o r r n uc n s s e a ms r -
r un w an e s o o n o r r un x mc no u .

1 . Of shi
pstr a n s o rti n g go ld
p a n d s il v e r .

2 . Of c a rry i n g c rn o v e r o s ea wi tho ut s
pe ci a l li .

ce n ce .

3 O f s uch
. as turn a w ay me rcha n di ze s o r v i ctua l s

fro m th e ki n g ’
s
po rts .

4 . O f fore sta lle rs , re gra to rs , a n d o f s uch as use

fa l s e me a sure s b a la n ce s , , w e ights , w ithin the j uri s di c
tio n o f the a dmi ra lt
y .

5 . Of s uch a s ma k e s
po il o f w re ck s , so th a t the
o wn e r s , c o min g w ith in a y e a r a n d a da y ca n n o t ha ve
th e i r go o ds .

6 . Of s uch a s cl a i mw recks , ha vi ng ne ithe r cha rter

nor pre s cri pti on .
 C O U RT O F A D M IR A LTY .
1
?
O f w e a rs r id dle s , blin d sta ke s , w a ter mi ls , & c
7 .

l .

w he re by s h ips an d me n ha ve be e n lo s t o r e n da n ge r
ed .

8 O f re mo vi ng a n ch o r s , a n d cutting o f b uo y
.
-
co pe s .

9 . O f such as ta ke sa l mo n s a t un re a s o n a bl e ti me s .

10 . O f such a s s po il th e b re e d of bi ste rs or dra g fo r

o i s te rs a n d mus cle s a t unre a s o n a b le ti me s .

11 . O f s uch as fi sh w ith un l a w ful n e ts .

12 . O f ta k i n g r oy a l fi sh e s , vi z . w h a le s , s turge o n s ,

ur o i s cs ,
p p 8 ma n d de ta in in g o n e
. h a lf fro m the k in g .

I II . o r r n uc n e s e a ms r -
r a n A D M I R A L, T I E n u n, A l l !) n u

c xr mux o r r un 83A .

1 . Of j udge p l e a s o f ca us e s be lo n in
s e n te r ta i n i n g
g g
t o th e a dmi r a l , a n d o f s uch a s i n a d m i ra lty ca us e s s ue
i n th e mmo n la w a n d o f s uch a s hi n de r
c o ur ts o f c o ,

t he e x e cuti o n o f the a d mira l s pro ce s s

’
.

2 O f ma s te r s a n d mari n e rs co n te mptuo us to the

.

a dmi ra l .

3 O f the a dmi ra l s s h a re s o f w a i fs o r de re li cts a n d

.
’
,

o f d e o da n d s b e l o n i n to the a d mir a l
g g .

4 . O f F lo ts o n , J ets on , a nd L o g a n , belo nging tb

th e a dmir a l .

O f s uc h a s fre igh t s tr a n ge rs b o tto ms , w h ere

’
5 .

s hi ps o f th e l a nd ma y be h a d a t re a s o n a ble ra te s .

6 . Of s hi
p w ri
-

gh ts ta k in g e x ce s s i v e w a ge s .

7 . Of ma s te rs a nd ma rine rs ta k ing ex ce s s ive w a

ge s .

8 O f pi lo ts , by w h o s e ign o r a nce
. s hi
p h a ve
s mi s
c a rr i e d .

9 . Of ma rine rs fors ak ing the ir ships .

10 . Of ma ri ne rs re be lli o us a nd di so be die n t to the i r

ma ste rs .

Vi de Zouch ’
s J ur isd . o
f th e A d m a ss er ted, pa g e 34
. .
 J U R I SD I C TIO N O F THE .

A r ti culi A dmi r a lita tis .

Tlk '
co mpla i n t o f the Lo r d A d mi r a l
E ngl a n d to of

th e K
i n g s Mo st Ex ce l le n t M a e s ty , a ga in s t th e J u d gc s
’
j
o f the Re a l m, c o n ce rn i n g pro h ibi ti o n s gra n te d to th e
‘

C o urt o f th e A d mi ra lty 1 1 di e F ebr . u lti mo di e Ter mi

ui Hi l a r i i A n n a 8 J a c Reg is Th e
, . . e ffe ct o f wh i c h

co mpl a in t w a s a fte r, b y hi s M aj e s ty s
’
co mma n d me nt ,

se t d ow n i n A rti cle s b y D o cto r D un , J ud gc of th e

A d mira lty , w h i ch a re a s fo llo w e th .

Cer ta i n g r i ev a n ces wh er e of th e L or d A dmir a l a n d h is

o i c er s of th e A dm i r a lt d e s e ci a ll m
fi y o p y co
p l a i n ,

a n d d esi r e r e dr e s s .

1 . Th a t w h e re a s the c o n u s a n ce o f a l l c o n tr a c ts :a n d

o th e r thin g s d o n e upon th e se a b e lo n ge th to the A d

mir a l j uri s di c tio n ,
the sa me a re ma de tri a b le a t the
C o mmo n La w by , s uppo s i n
g th e s a me to h a v e be e n
d o n e i n C he a ps i de s , a n d s uch l
p a ce s .

2 . W he n a c tio n s a re br o ugh t i n the A dmir a l t

y up
on b a rga in s and co n tr a cts ma d e be y o n d th e s e a s,

w h e re in th e C o mmo n La w ca n n o t a d min is te r j us tice ,

t i n the s e o hi bi ti o n s a r e a w a rd e d i t
y e ca s e s
pr a
g a n s

th e A d mira l C o urt .

2 . W h e re a s time o ut o f min d th e A dmir a l C o ur t

h a th us e d to t a k e s ti
pul a tion s fo r a ppe a ra n ce a n d pe r
fo rma n ce of th e a cts a n d j u d me n ts o f th e s a me
‘
g
c o urt : It I S n o w a fli r me d by the j udge s o f th e C o m
’

mo n L a w th e A dmi ra l C o urt i s n o c o urt o f re co rd ,

a n d the re fo re n o t a b le to ta k e s uc h s ti ul a ti o n s A nd
p
h e re upo n pr o h ib iti o n s a re gra n te d to the utte r o ve r

thro w o f th a t uri s di c ti o n j .

4Th a t c h a rte r partie s , ma d e o n ly to b e pe rfo rme d

.
-

u o n th e s e a s a re da i l
p y W ith d r a w n fro m tha t c o urt by
ro h ibiti o n s
p .
 C O URT o r A D M IRA LTY . u h;
5 Th a t th e cla us e o f non o bs ta n te sta tuto , vhi c h
'
.

ha th fo un d a ti o n in hi s M aj e s ty ’
s
pr ero
ga ti v e , a nd is
c u rre n t in a ll o the r
gra n ts , y e t i n the Lo rd A d mljva l ’
s

P a te n t i s s a id to be of no.
fo r ce to w a rra n t the de te r
mi n a ti o n of th e c a us e s c o mmi tte d to h im i n h i s Lo rd
ship s pa te n t, a n d
’
so j
re e cte d by the J udge s of th e
C o mmo n L a w .

5 . To the end th a t th e A d mir a l j uri s dicti o n ma y t e

c e iv e a ll ma n n e r of i mpe a ch me n t a nd i n te rrupti o n ,
th e ri v e r s b e n e a th th e fir s t bri d ge w he re i t e b be th a nd

fl o w e th , a nd th e po rts a n d cr e e k s , a re by th e j u d ge s
of th e C o m mo n La w a fii r me d to be n o pa rt of the
s e a s, nor w i thi n the A d mir a l j uri s d icti o n A nd

w h e r e upo n pr o hib i ti o n s a r e u s u a lly a w a rde d u

pon a c

ti o n s d e pe n di n g i n th a t c o ur t, fo r c o n tra c ts a n d o th e r

th i n gs d o n e i n th o s e pla ce s ; n o twi th s ta n d in g tha t by

u s e a n d pr a cti ce , ti e o ut o f m
i n d , th e a d mi ra l c o urt m
'
‘

h a v e ha d j uri s di cti o n W i thin s uc h

p o rts , cre e k s , a n d

r i v e rs .

7 . Th a t th e a
g re e me n t ma de A D o mi n i 1 5 75 ,
nno

b e tw e e n the Ju dge s o f the Kin g ’

s Be n ch
,
a n d the C o ur t
of A d mir a lty fo r th e m re qui e t
o a n d c erta i n e x e c uti o n

of A d mi ra l J uri s dic tio n , i s n o t o b s e rv e d a s i t o ught to

be .

8 . M a ny o the r
gri e v a n ce s th e re w hi ch by d i s
a re ,

cu s s i n g o f th e s e fo r m er w ill e a s i ly a ppe a r w o rthy a l s o

o f re fo r matio n .

Th e f o l low ing i s th e a n s w er f o Co m m oth e

n L a w
J u dg es , dr a wn up by S i r E dw a r d Coke , to th e 7th
o
f th e a bov e a r ti cl e s o f m p l a i
con t .

A N SW E R Th e s u po s e d a gre e me n t me n ti o n e d in
:
p
thi s a rti cle h a th n ot a s y e t b e e n de l i v e re d un to u s , b ut
ha v i n g he a rd th e sa me re a d o v e r be fo re hi s M aj e s ty ,

( o ut o f a
p p
a e r n o t s ub s cri be d w i th the h a n d o f a n y
much th e re o f a s difi cr
’

J ud ge ) w e a n swe r, th a t fo r so
xx xv J U RI S D I CTIO N OF THE

e th frt' l the s e a n s w e rs , i t is a
ga i n s t th e la w s a n d s t:

tute s of the re a l m a nd th e r efor e the Judge s o f the

K in g s Be n ch n e ve r
’
a s s e n te d th e re un to , a s i s pre te n d
ed ,mithe r do th the phr a s e the re o f a gre e with the
te rms o f the l a w o f the re a l m .

R eso luti on upon th e Ca s es of A dmir a l J uri sd i ctio n .

W hite ha ll , 1 8th F e b rua r y . Pre s e n t, th e K i n g s M o st

’

E x ce lle n t M aj e s ty .

Lo rd Ke e per, E a rl of M o r to n ,

L o r d A bp o f Y o r k ,. Lo rd V . W imble to n ,

Lo rd Tre a s ure r, L o rd V . W e n tw o rth ,

Lo rd Pri vy Se a l, Lo rd V F a lk la n d,.

E a rl M a rs h a l, Lo rd Bi sh o p o f L o n do n ,
L o rd Cha mb e rla i n , Lo rd C o ttingto n ,
Ea rl o f D or se t, L o rd N e w burgh ,
C a rli s le , Mr . Tre a s ur e r,
Ho lla n d , Mr . C o mptro lle r,
De nbigh , Mr . Vi ce C h a mb e rla i n ,
Lord C ha n ce llo r o f Sco t Mr
~
. Se cre ta ry Co ke ,
lan d . Mr Se cre ta ry W in de b a uk .

Thi s d a y the King be in g pre se n t in C o un ci l, the A r

ti cl e s and o
p p
r o s i ti o n s fo llo win g fo r the a cc o mmo d a
a n d s e ttli ng th e d ifl e re n cc Pro hi bi
'

ti n g co n ce rn i ng

ti o n s , a ri si n
g be tw e e n hi s M aj e sty ’
s C o urts at W e st
min s te r , a nd hi s C o urt of A dmi ra lty , w ere fully de
b a te d a n d re s o lv e d by the B
o a rd : a n d w e re the n li e k .

w i se upo n re a din g th e s a me , a s w e ll b e fo re the J ud e s

g
o f hi s M aj e s ty s s a i d C o urts a t W e stm
’
i n ste r, a s b e .

fo re the J udge o f hi s s a i d C o urt of A dmira lty , a nd his

A tto rn e y G e n e ra l, a gre e d unto , a nd s ubs cribe d by
th e ma ll in hi s M aj e sty s pre se nce , vi z
’
 C O U R T O F A D M I RA LTY . xxv

1 . If s ui t s ho ul d be co mme n ce d in th e C o ur t o f A d
mir a lty upo n c o ntra cts ma d e o r o the r thi n gs pe rs o n a l
do ne be y o n d the se a s o r upo n the s e a , n o pro hi b i tio n

i s to be a w a r de d .

2 . If s ui t be be fo re the ad mi r a l fo r fre igh t o r ma ri

ne r w a ge s , or fo r bre a ch o f ch a rte r
p a r ti e s , for w a ge s
to be ma de b e y o n d the se a s tho ugh th e ch a rte r -

pa rty

ha ppe n to be ma de w i th in th e re a lm; so a s the pe n a l

ty be n o t de ma n d e d a pro hi biti o n i s , n o t to b e
gra n t

ed . B ut if th e s ui tb e fo r the pe n a lty , o r if the ue s q

t io n be ma de , w h e the r th e ch a rte r pa rty be ma d e o r -

w h e the r the pl a in tifi d i d re le a s e , o r o the rw i se

'

no t or

di s ch a rge the s a me w ith in th e r e a l m thi s i s to b e tr i e d

i n th e K in g C o ur ts , i n th e A d mir a l ty
’
s a nd n o t .

3 . I f s ui t b e i n th e C o urt o f A d mi r a lty , fo r b uil din g,

a me n din g , s a v i n g o r n e c e s s a ry v i c tua lli n
p, g of a s hi

a g a i n s t th e s h i p i ts e lf, a n d n o t a ga i n s t a n y pa rty b y

n a me , b ut s u c h a s fo r h i s i n te r e s t ma k e s hi ms e lf a

a rty no r o h ib i ti o n i s to be gra n te d , th o ugh thi s be

p p
d o n e w i thi n th e re a l m .

4 . A ltho ’
o f so me ca u s e s a ri s i n
g upo n th e Tha me s
b e n e a th th e B ri dge , a nd d i v e rs o th e r r i v e rs b e n e a th
th e fi r s t Bri dge ,
the Ki n g ’
s C o urts h a v e co
gn i z a n ce

y e t the A dmir a lty h a t h a ls o j uri s di ctio n the re , i n the

p o i n t s e ci a lly
p me n tio n e d i n th e s ta tute of D e ci mo
qu i n to R i ch a r di S e cu n di , and a ls o by e x po s i ti o n a n d

e qui ty th e re o f , he ma y e n qui re o f a n d r e dre s s a ll a n

n o y a n ce s , and o b s tructi o n s i n th o se ri v e r s , th a t a re

a ny i mpe d i me n t to navi
ga ti on or
pa s sa e
g to or fr o m
th e se a and no r o h i b i ti o n i s to b e gra n te d in s uch
; p
ca s e s .

5 . If any be i mpri s o ne d, an d, u o n
p h a be a s c o r us
p
bro ught, i t b e ce rtifie d , th a t a ny o f the s e h e th e ca use

of hi s i mpri s o n me n t, the pa r ty s h a ll b e re ma n de d .

F
Sub s crib e d 4th e b rua ry, 1 632 , by a ll the Judge s of

b o th b e n che s .
—Vi de Cr o . Ca r 2 96 E d L a n d
. . . .

1 65 7 . By Sir Ha rbo ttle G ri msto n e .

4
xxl v J U RI SD I C TI O N OF THE

S i r G e o r g e Co oke w a s f th e j udg es w ho s ub
’

o ne o

s cr i bed th es e r es o luti o n s , a n d h e i n s er te d th e m i n hi s
r ep or ts , no d o ubt co ns i d er i n
g th e ma s la w , y et th ey
r w a r ds dis a vo w e d a nd sa id to h a v e be e n r e
w er e a f te

n o un c e d by s ev er a l o f th e J udg e s . B ay m 3 . .

Th e s e re s o l uti o n s , s ay s B r o wn , 2 C i v . and A dm .

L 79 , i n s e r te d i n the e a r ly e di ti o n s o f C o ke ’
. a re s

R e po rts b ut l e ft o ut i n th e l a te r se e mi n gly e a: in
dus tr i d .
”
A nd pa ge 78 h e s a y s, To th e s e re s o lu

ti o n s th e j
o b e cti o n ca n n o t be ma de , w h ic h i s ur e
g d
by my Lord C o k e ( 4 I n s t 1 36 ) to.th e a
gr e e me n t o f
1 575 , th a t th o ugh i t w a s re a d o v e r i n hi s Maj e s ty ’
s

pre se n ce , and i n the h e a rin g of th e J udge s, y e t i t

”
wa s n e v e r a s s e n te d to .

E x tr a ctf r om S co bel l ’
s Co ll e cti o n of th e A cts a n d Or
din a n c es f thoe R e u bl i ca n G o v er n
p ment of E ng
—
la n d . A n n o 1 648 p a e 1 47 g .

C HA PTER 1 1 2 .

Th e J ur is di cti o n of th e Co ur t o f A dmir a lty s ettl e d .

The Lo r d s a nd C o mmo n s a s se mble d in P a rli a me n t ,

fi n d in g ma n y in c o n ve n i e n ce s d a i ly to a ri s e , in re l a

tio n b o th to th e tra de of thi s K in gdo m , and the C o m

me rce w i th fo re ign pa r ts , thr o ugh the un ce r ta i n ty o f
j uri s d i cti o n i n the tri a l o f a ri ti m m
e c a us e s , d o o r d a in

and be i t o rd a in e d
y by th e a utho ri t of Pa rli a me n t,
Th a t th e C o urt o f A dmi ra lty s h a ll ha ve c o gn i z an ce
j
a n d uri s d i cti o n a ga i n s t the s hip o r v e s s e l, w i th the
ta ck l e , a
ppa r el and furn iture the re o f ; i n a ll ca us e s

w hi c h c o n ce rn th e re pa iri n
g g , v i ctu a lli n a nd fur n i sh
i n g pro v i sio n s fo r the s e ttin g o f s uch s hips o r v e s s e ls
to se a a n d i n a ll ca se s o f b o tto m r , a n d li e wi s e i n k
y
 C O U R T OF A D M I R A L TY . x xv n

c o n tr a cts ma de b e y o n d the s e a s co n ce rn i n
g s hi i
pp gn

o r n a v i ga ti o n o r d a ma ge s ha ppe ni n g the re o n , o r a ri

s i ng a t s e a in a n y v o y a ge ; a n d li k e w i s e i n a ll ca se s of

ch a rte r a r ti e s o r c o n tra cts

p fo r fre ig ht, b ill s o f la di n
g,
ma r i n e r s ’
w a ge s , d a ma ge s i n go o d s la d e n
or on b o a rd
s h ips , o r o the r d a ma ge s d o n e by o n e s hi p o r v e s se l to
a n o the r , o r by a n ch o r s , o r w a n t o f la y i n g o f b uo y s ,
e x c e pt a lw a y s th a t th e s a i d C o ur t o f A d mir a lty s h a ll

n ot h o ld ple a s or a d mi t a c ti o n s u
p on o
a ny bi ll s o f ex

ch a n or a cco un ts b e tw ix t me r ch a n t a nd me rch a n t
ge

or th e ir fa cto r s .

A nd b e it o r da i n e d , Th a t i n ma t
a ll a n d e ve ry th e
te r s a fo re s a i d th e s a i d A d mir a lty C o ur t s ha ll a n d ma y
,

r o ce e d a n d ta k e re cb n i z a n c e s i n d ue fo r m a n d h e a r
p g , ,

e x a min e a n d fin a lly e n d d e cre e s e n te n ce a n d de te r

, , ,

min e th e s a me a ccordi ng to the l a w s a n d cus to ms o f

t h e s e a a n d put th e s a me de cre e s a n d s e n te n c e s i n e x
,

e cuti o n w i th o ut a n y le t tr o uble o r i m e a ch me n t w h a t
, p
s o e v e r, a n y l a w , s ta tute o r u s a ge to the c o n tr a r
y h e re

to fore ma de in a ny w ise n o tw i th s ta n di n
g s a vi n
g al

w ay s a n d re s e r v i n to a ll a n d e ve ry rs o n a n d
g p e
pe r

s on s, th a t sh a ll fi n d o r th i n k the mse l ve s a ggri e v e d by

a n y s e n te n ce d e fin i ti v e , or d e cre e h a vin g the fo rce of

a de fin i ti v e s e n te n ce , o r i mpo r ti ng a d a ma ge n o t to be
r e pa i re d by th e d e fin i ti ve s e n te n ce gi ve n or in te rpo s e d
i n th e C o urt o f A d mi ra lty , i n a ll o r a n y o f the ca se s
a fo r e s a i d , th e i r r igh t o f a ppe a l i n s uch fo r m a s h a th

he re to fo re be e n us e d fr o m s u ch d e cre e s o r s e n te n ce s

in the s a id C o urt of A d mir a lty .

Pr o v i de d a lw a y s , a n d b e i t furth e r o r d a in e d by the ~

a uth o ri ty a fo r e s a i d , tha t fro m he nce fo rth the re s ha ll

b e thr e e j udge s a lw a y s a ppo i n te d o f

. the s a i d c o ur t, to
be no min a te d fro m time to ti me by bo th h o us e s o f Pa r

l i a me n t o r s u ch a s the y s ha ll a
ppo i n t ; a n d th a t e v e r
y
of th e j udge s o f the sa i d court f or th e ti me be i n g, tha t
sh a ll be pre s e n t at th e givi n g o f a ny de finiti ve se n
xx v m J U R I SD IC TI O N , Gt c .

te n ce in the said C o ur t, s ha ll at the sa me time , or be

fo re s uc h s e n te n ce g i v en o e nly
p i n Co urt, d e li ve r hi s
re a s o n s i n la w o f s uc h h is se n te n ce , o r o f hi s
i n iO
p o n

co n ce rn i n g the sa me a n d s ha ll a l s o o pe n ly i n C o urt

g i v e a n s w e rs a n d s o luti o n s ( a s fa r a s h e ma y ) to s uch
la w s , custo ms o r o the r ma tte r a s sh a ll h a v e b e e n
bro ugh t o r a l le ge d in C o urt, on tha t pa rt a i n st
ga

w ho ms uch s e nte n ce o r o pin i o n s ha ll be give n o r d cla r

cd re s
pe c ti v e ly .

Pro v i d e d a lso , Th a t th i s O rdin a n ce sh a ll con tinue

fo r th re e y e a rs an d no lo n ge r .

Pa s se d , the 12 th A pril 1 648 .

M a d e pe rpe tua l by O rd in a n ce s of 2 nd A p
ril , 1 641 .

C 3 — 1 65 4 C 2 1
. . . . a nd 1 64 5 C 1 0
. . .

E x pire d at the Re s to ra tio n , a nn o 1 660 .

 PA R T I I .

PRA CTICE

O F THE

C O U R T o r A D M I RA L TY ,

BY F RA NC IS CLERKE .

TRA NSLA TED mo mTHE LA ST EDI TI ON

,

W I TH N O TE S A ND A DDITI ON S .
 TRA N SLA TI ON

Of th e Pr efa ce to the F ifth E di tion .

C o un rno us R E A D E R ,
'

A c cE P r bri e f a cco unt o f thi s ne w e d iti o n of the

'
a
Pra x i s , w i th w hi ch I w i sh the e to be a cqua i n te d
Fu m w a s a ma n o f re s t s k i ll a n d i n dus
.

e i s CLE a
“

try , w ho , n o t w i th o ut cre di t, he ld e o ffi ce o f a Pro cto r

i n th e C o urt o f A rche s , duri n g the re i o f Eli z a be th .

Be s i d e s thi s B o o k o n the Pr a ctice o f t e Co urt o f A d

mi r a lt , h e co mpo se d a n o th e r o n tha t o f the E ccle si a s
ti c a l y
o urt, w h 1 ch h e o ri gi n a lly i n te n de d fo r hi s o wn
us e A n d ha v i n g n o vi e w o f ex o sin g the mto the pub
.

p
li c k e y e , he h a th pa i d le s s a tte nti o n to th e dige s ti ng a n d
e x pl a n a ti o n o f the pri n ciple s , upo n w hic h the s e rule s are
fo u n d e d .

A fte r hi s de ce a s e , th e se ma n us cripts w e re a nx i o usly

s o u ght , a n d e a ge rly c o pi e d by di v e r s A dv o c a te s a n d
Pr o c to r s : be c a use , a s y e t th e re w e re n o bo o k s e x ta n t
o n th e s ub e cts w h e r e o f the y tre a t A n d th us , a t le n gth ,
j .

b y a ce rta i n e v i l fa te , the ch a n ce d to fa ll i n to th e h a n ds
o f me r ce n a ry me n a nd a f s cho l a r s , w h o , b e i ng e x
ce e din gly co v e to us o f a d
i sh o n e s t ga in , a n d ha v in g,
mo r e ov e r, n o re ar d to the n a me o r r eputa tio n o f the
a uth o r , n o w dca di d n o t b lus h to pub li sh th e s e bo o k s ,
w hi ch w e re o n ly in te n de d fo r pri v a te u s e , d i s gra ce d by
ma n ifo ld o mi s sion s a n d ty o graphi ca l e rre ur s
P
.

The w o rk i n w hi c h the ra ctw e o f the E ccl e sia stica l

C o urt i s tre a te d o f, ha th in de e d , l a te ly b ee n dil e n tly
co rr e c te d a n d ha ppily re d uce d to m e th o d , by ig a ster

Oug hto n , a ma n w e l l s ki lle d i n s uch ma tte rs .But

th i s , i ts fa the r b e i n g n o mo re , h a th hi the rto la i n s o n e
l e e te d a nd e x o s e d, n d w i th l o tra n s fo r me d
g p a a s
tln o ugh o ut, th a t 1 1: c o uld s ca r ce ly b e re co gn i z e d b y the
r'

a uth o ur h i ms e lf, if he w e re to ri se fr o m hi s gr a v e . A nd
i t i s lik e w i se s o muti la te d a n d i mpe rfe c t, th a t n o t a s i n
l h t i l c h i n th e fo rm e r
g e c a
p ,e r v e r y, s a r ce a
p a r a g p
r a
e d i tio n s , ca n b e c o n s ulte d w i th s a fe ty , much le s s un de r
s to o d . But be fo re i t w a s publi sh e d w e k no w ce rtai nly .

B
 PR EF A C E .

th a t i t w a s h e l d in s u ch h igh e s ti ma ti o n by le a rn e d
me n a nd a ll
pro fe s s o r s O f th e La w , th a t the y 0 0 pi e d i t
w i th the ir o w n h a n d s .

A n d th i s i s the re a s o n tha t the e di ti o n w hi ch w e n o w

re s e n t to th e e , fr i e n d ly r e a d e r , i s r o d uc e d th us c o r
p p
r e ct . F o r i t h a th be e n co lla te d w i th tw o ma nus cript s ,
o ne Of w hi ch i s i n th e h a n d w r i ti n -
o f D r LA W , a n d
.

the o the r O f R OB E R T W I SE M A N , L D a n d n igh t , K " r

. .

bo th o f w h o m w e re d i s tin gui s he d orn a me n ts o f the ir

C o un try a n d the C i v i l La w . The fo rme r w a s n o t lo n g
s i n ce , a e llo w o f the Ho l
F T i i t C o lle e , C a m
y r n y g
b ri dge , a n d the la tte r w a s Ke e e r O f the s a me , a n d a
p
libe r a l be n e fa cto r to i t The s e co ie s be ca me the pr o
.

p
p e r ty O f th e C o lle c b
, y th e d o n a n o n O f th a t m o s t a c
co m li sh e d ma n T H N L L L Y D L L D a nd
p A A I E O ,
. . .

K n i h t, w ho n o t lo n
g g s i n c e , w a s th e m o s t w o rt h y
Ke e pe r Of th e C o lle ge , a n d li ve d a n d die d its di stin guis h
e d b e n e fa c to r .

Thc N o te s di sti n gui she d by thi s ma rk w e re co m

muni ca te d to me by a mo s t le a rne d frie n d fro ma ma n u
s c r i t i n hi s i w hi h h th t h
p p o s s e s s o n , c e s u
pp o s e o a v e
b e e n w ri tte n by a ce rta in To bi a s S w i n bur n e , a n o t un
w o rthy re l a ti v e O f the w ri te r o n W i lls o f th e s a me
na me .

Sir Robe rt W i se man, s Civilia n and De an o f th e A rch e s , arri e d m

th e s i ste r o f F ran cis No rth B aro n of G uilford Lo rd R e c r o f th e
,
G re a t Se a l m th e re i n s o f Ch a rle s I I a nd
,

g J a.m e s I I W i . thi s e mi
ne nt J ud e h e “ o bs erve d a mo re th a n b ro th e rl o rre s o nd e nce un ti l
g” y c p
h i s d e a th . Life o f Lord G uilford , p 306 Of Dr Ede n, 1 h ave not
found a ny me nti o n ]
. . .
 P R A CT I C E
O F T HE

HIGH COURT OF A DMl RA LTY .

TIT 1 . . Of the ins ti tuting o r co m

ma nner of
men cing a n a ction in the High Cour t of A d
mir a lly of E ngla n d ; a nd of the form of the
o r i ina l wa rr a nt o r m d te which is to be i m
g a n a

e tr a ted in Ma r i tim e Ca use s

p .

IF a ny pe rso n ha v e ca use to ma intain a n a ctio n

o f a c iv il o r m a ritime n a ture , it is n e ce s sa ry fo r
him in the first pla ce to pro cure a wa rra nt o r
manda te fro m the Judge , to the se e ffe cts re
‘

s e ctiv e l , to w it : to arre st an d hold the de fe u

p y
dant, a n d to d e tain him in sufficie nt custo dy un
til he h a s le a ll a d ) “ r th a t h e s h a ll h a ve
g y pp e are o

p r o duc e d his b o d y on a ce r ta in d a y ,
v i z o n .t he

third, fo urth , fifth, six th, se v e n th , e i hth o r te nth

g
da y ne x t e nsuin tha t Of his a rre st, a ccord ing to
g
the dista nce o f the de fe n d a nt s ’
la ce o f re si
p
de nce , ro vide d it be a re turn da ; o the rwise
p y
On the ne x t re turn da fo ll o win , a t the Co urt
y g
-

I'
I n th i s c o u n try it i s to b e pr c
o ur e d f r o m t h e C l e rk
o f the C o urt —
Tu ]
f
"
W ha t sh a ll b e de e m e d a le ga l a
pp e a r a n c e . V i d
.

TIt 5 s e
.

q
. .
4. P ractice o
f the Cour t of A dmi ral ty

Ho use whe re justice is a dm iniste re d, o r whe re it

is usually a d m iniste re d , in th e bo ro ugh Of SO uth
w ark, ne ar the Lo n d o n brid ge , be fo re the ho
n o ura bl e the Lo rd High A dm ira l Of Engla n d , or
his Lie ute na nt, the Pre side nt o r Judge o f the
”

Supre me C o urt o f A dmiralty , to a nswe r unto

N me rchant o f Lo ndon in
.
, a ce rta in civil o r ma
ritimc ca use a s to j ustice , sh all se e m me e t a nd

ro er
p p .

( ’
2
The
ti tl e o f l o cu te n e ns R e
g is smup e r a r e , the m
k in g s li e ute n a n t ge n e r a l o f the se a , e n ti o n e d i n th e m
re i gn o f Ri ch II w a s s upe rio r to tha t o f a d i r a l of
. . m
E ngla n d . B
e fo re the a ppe ll a tio n o f a d ir a l w a s i n tro m
duce d, the ti tle Of custos ma r is w a s in use .

I n s o me a n cie n t re c o r d s the Lo rd High A d mi ra l i s

ca lle d ca p ita n us m a r i ti m a r um The re h a s be e n n o such
.

o ffi c e fo r s o me y e a r s , b ut h i s d uti e s ha v e b e e n e x e r ci se d
b y L or ds c o mmi s s i o n e r s o f th e A d mir a lty , w ho po s se ss
th e s a me uri s cti o njd i — 2 W 85 M —c 2 . .

The mo de rn s ty le o f th e Judge o f the High C o ur t of

. . .

A d mira lty in En gla n d , i s, LI E U TE N A N T o f th e me n

C O U R T o f A D MI R A L TY Of EN G LA N D a n d i n th e s a m e court

offi ci a l p r i n cip a l a n d com m i ss a r

yg e n er a l a n d s
p e c i a l,

a n d P es i d ent a n d J udg e th e r eo
r
f l‘ o r m a l I n s tr u m e n t
b y Sir J a me s M a rrio tt, 2 4 5
. .

He ma y d e le ga te hi s po w e r s to a n i n fe ri or Judge
.

c a lle d Surr o a te J d
g ( u e w s u br o
g a tu s , s u b s ti tu te d J u d e)
a n d tha t de puty m a y h e a r c a us e s a n d e v e n to ro c c e to
fin a l j udgme n t ib 2 46 Th e re a re s imila r urr o a tes
. .

o r de uty Jud e s in the E ccl e s i a s ti ca l C o urts

p g e n ce
i n s o me o f the U n i te d Sta te s , i n N e w Y o r , a r t i cu
.

p
-
k
l a rly , th e n a me Of S u r r og a te h a s b e e n i v e n to the
g
o fli c e r wh o h a s co n i z a n ce Of the b t f w i ll d
g p r o a e o s a n
a n t m le tte r s o f a d mi ni s tra tio n a lth o u h th a t Ofi cer
g r
g ,
g
d o e s n o t e x e rci s e hi s fun cti o n s b d e uta tI On I th r
p n o e .

Sta t s a s i n Pe n n s y lv a n i a a n d l d h i l l d
e a r y a n e s c a e
m
,
R e gl ste r, fro the d e n o mi n a ti o n w hi ch i s i i E
g v e n n n g
l a n d to th e C le rk s o f Ec cle si a sti ca l C o urts o th th e se B
m
.

ll i
‘

a
p e a t o n s a
p e a r to e t o be i n co rre ct
.
Tha t of .

u d e o f P r o a te , w hi ch i s us e d i n M a s s a ch
us e tts , is
g
muc l more a p lic a b le a n d co n ve y s a mo re us t ide a of '

p
the Office , w luc 1 t l s me a nt to d e si n a te — Tn
g ] i
 On the Ins ta nce si de . 5

A DDI TI ONS TO TI TLE 1 .

A CITA TI ON
in j us voca tio , is a judicia l a ct
or

whe re by the d e fe nda nt by a utho rity o f the

Jud ge , ( the pla intiff re que sting it) is co mma nde d
to a ppe a r in o rde r to e nte r in to suit a t a ce rta in
da y , in a pla ce whe re justice is a dministe re d .

The ci ta ti o n ought to conta in,

1 . The na me Of the mmis

Judge and his co

s io n , if he be d e le ga te d ; if a n o rdina ry Judge ,

e st le O f th e Co urt o f w hich he is Jud e

y g .

The n a me o f him w h o is to be cite d

.

2 . .

3 . A n
pp a o inte d
d a
y a nd
p la ce whe re h e

must a ppe a r ; which day o ught e ithe r to be e x

re s se d a rti cula rl to be such a d a f th w k
p p y y o e e e
or m o uth, &c o r e lse o nly the ne x t C o urt da
.

y
( o r lo n
ge r ) fr o m th e d a te O f th e cit a tio n ,
in wh ic h
the Judge sits to a d ministe r justice th e time Of
e ara n ce o u ht to be m o re o r le ss, a cco rdin
a
pp g g
to the dista nce o f the pla ce whe re the y liv e .

44 . The ca use for which the suit is t o be c o m

me nce d .

5 . The na me o f the pa rty a t who se in sta nce

the cita tion is O bta in e d .

The se w o rds ma y a lso be a d de d, v iz If the .

sai d d a y be a co urt da y , o r o the rwise , the ne x t

-

co ur t d a y fo llo wing, in w hi ch th e Judge ha ppe ns

-

to s it to a d ministe r justice The re a so n o f this

.

is, le st tha t da y o f the mo nth so pa rticula rize d in

the cita tio n sho uld ha ppe n to be a h o ly da y , -

which is da y fo r a d ministe ring justice

no .

The da y s ca lle d in the la w, dies j uri dici a re

such a s are o nl ro e r an d suita ble , a nd se t

y p p
 P ra ctice of the Co urt of A dmi ra lty

a
p a rt in the la w fo r ju d i ci al a c ts ; i n w h ic h t e

sp e c t t h e y a re te r m e d o
pp o s it e s t o h o ly
-
d a
y ;s

t h e s e b e in
g e x e m p t fr o m a ll j u di c ia l a c t s, a n d
re n d e ri n
g th e m n u ll a n d v o id , i f a tt e m p te d to b e
C o s P ra ct ce o
’
e xe c u te d o n s uc h d a y s . o n s e ti i f
Spiritual a n d Eccles ia s tica l Co urts , London 1 70 8 .

p 2 3 .

It is a lso usual fo r cita tio ns to be issue d fo rth

a a in st the de fe n da nt to a ppe ar the third , fo urth ,
g
six th , o r o the r d a y ne x t fo llo wing the cita tio n,

whe re in the Judge ha ppe n s to sitjudicial ly to try

ca use s ( no da y o f the mo nth be ing n a m e d ) a nd

this is calle d die s incer ta s , o nly in re spe ct O f the

tim e whe n he m ust a ppe ar ; the o the r ne ce ssa rie s
a nd co n sti tutiv e parts Of the cita tio n s ( scil ) de .

c o m le te

K
o e t a n et cui ex ti turus s i t, be in
g p .

which ca se , it is ne ce ssary tha t the de fe n da n t

re pa ir im me dia te ly to the pla ce w he re the C o urt
is to be ke pt, a nd info rm himse lf ce rta inly wha t
da y o f th e we e k o r mo nth is the da y inte nde d fo r
his a ppe a ra nce , le st his a dv e rsary ge t the a d va n r

ta ge by his not a ppe aring i h . .

By the a ct Of Congre ss, July 2 0, 1 789, se e 2 . .

Ma rine rs are entitle d to de ma nd o ne third pa rt

o f th e w a ge s w hich sh a ll be d ue a t e v e ry po rt

whe re th e v e sse l slmll unlad e a nd de liv e r her

ca rgo be fo re the v o y a ge be e n de d , unle ss the

co ntra ry be e x pre s sly stipula te d in the c o ntra ct .

If the wa ge s b e no t paid within te n da y s a fter

the te rm ina tio n Of the v oy a ge a n d the di scha rge
o f the ca rgo o r balla st, o r if the re be any dis
u te be twe e n th e se a m e n a nd the m te r re
p as

spe cting the wa ge s, the Judge o f the district

whe re the v e sse l ma y be , m a
y s u m m o n th e m as o
 On the I nsta nce s ide . 7

e
t r be fore hi mto sh o w ca use why proce ss sh o uld

co urse of A dmiral ty Co urts , to a nswe r for the

w a ge s . If his re side nce be mo re tha n thre e mile s
fro m the pla ce o r if he be a bse nt fro mhi s pla ce
o f re si de nce a sum mo ns may be Obta ine d fro m
a ny Jud e o r J ustice o f the U th
g p e a ce .
p o n e

ma ster s ne gle ct to a ppea r, o r if he a ppe ar and

’

d o n o t sh o w tha t the w a ge s are pa id, o r o th e r

wi se sa tisfie d o r fo rfeite d , the Judge o r Justice
c e rtifie s to the cle rk o f the District Co urt tha t

th e re is s ufli cie nt ca use o f co mpla mt whe re o n to

fo und A dmi al ty pro ce ss The cle rk the n issue s
r
-
.

r o ce s s a ga in st th e ship a n d th e suit is pro ce e de d

p
o n a n d final j udgm e nt
g iv e n a c cordin t th
g o e

u s ua l co urse Of A dmira lty Co urts .

In such suits, a ll the se a me n , ha ving ca use o f

co m p l g i
a int O f the like kind a aii st the sa m e shi
p
a r e jo ine d a s c o m p laina nts ; b ut it ha s be e n d e

cid e d by Jud e Ho usto n , o f Ma ry lan d District,

g
th a t suc h co n solida tio n Of clai ms d o e s n o t pre v e nt
th e se a me n from be ing sw o rn as witne sse s . The
a ct furthe r ro te cts the m b y m a kin it in cu m b e t
p , g n

o n th e m a ste r to
p ro d uce the c o ntra ct a nd lo
g
b o o k if re quire d, to as ce rta in a ny ma tte r in dis
u te , o r the co m laina nts are e rm itte d to sta te
p p p
the co nte nts the re o f, a nd the onus proba nd i the
c o ntra ry lie s upo n the m a ste r
. The District
Co urts ha v e no t e x clusiv e co gni za nce O f di pute s
s
co n ce rnin w a e s, b ut se a m en m ay m a intain an y
g g
a cti o n a t c o m mo n la w fo r the re co ve ry o f the m .

Se a me n are e ntitle d to imme dia te proce ss with

o ut th e pre vio us sum mo ns, o ut Of a ny Court po s
se ssin
g A d m ira lty jurisdic tio n , whe re v e r the ship
8 Pra ctice f
o the Cha rt of A dmi ra lty

may be fo und , in ca se sh e s h all h a v e l e ft th e p o rt

Of de liv e ry whe re he r v o y a ge e nde d , or in ca se

sh e sh a ll b e a b o u t to
p r o c e e d to se a be fo re the

e p
x ir a ti o n o f th e t e n d a
y s , e n su in
g th e d e liv e ry
o f h e r ca r
g o o r b a ll a st . 1 . L a w s U S 1 40
. . .

Such are the sta tuto ry pro visio ns re spe cting

suits fo r m In the case Of Ed
’
arine rs w a ge s .

w a rd s vs the ship S usa n, Penns ylv a nia Dis trict,

'
.

th e que stio n aro se , a t what time a ma rine r, a t the

la st po rt o f de liv e ry , is e ntitle d to re ce iv e o r sue
fo r his w a ge s ? Judge Pe te rs, in his de cisio n , said,
'

tha t it h a d a lwa y s a ppea re d to him unwa rra nte

ble to c o nte nd tha t th e te n da y s sho uld run fro m
the discha rge o f th e cargo . He
th o ugh t tha t the e nd o f the v oy a ge wa s , c le a rly
the pe rio d wh e n the w a ge s, a cco rding to the
co ntra ct w e re d ue . The di sch arge o f the cargo
o r ba lla st, is c o uple d with the e n d o f the v o a e
y g
in the la w, no t a s pa rt Of the c o ntra ct, or to fix
th e time , fro m whi ch the te n d ay s are to be c o m
uto d ; but be ca use it is a ne ce ssa ry ste t
p p o e na

ble the me rcha nt to de ma nd his fre igh t : a nd the

w a ge s o ught not to be pa id, until this is re co v e r
a ble it be ing the fund o ut o f w hich the w a ge s
ar e pa y a ble . He co nside re d himse lf a uthorise d
to inquire into the circumstan ce s pe c uliar to e a ch
cas e , a n d in th e e x e rcise o f thi s di scre tio n , he

h a d a llo we d a t the le a st, te n day s fro mthe e n d Of

the v o y a ge, a nd a t the mo st, fifte e n w orking d a y s
to unla de . By the end of the voya ge be un de r
, ,

stoo d , the d a y o n which the v e sse l w a s m a d e fas t

to the wha rf and re a dy to discha rge . Pe t A d m
. .

De c 1 6 5
. .
 On the I ns ta nce s ide . 9

I will bare ly a d d, tha t in a ll o the r ca se s whe re '

the District C o urt e x e rcise s a n A dm ira lty juris

dictio n, the co urse Of pro ce e din g Is, to file a libe l,
in w h ich the ca use s Of c o mplain t are a lle ge d .

Upo n the re ce ipt Of the li be l a mo nitio n a n d a t

ta c h me nt a re is sue d O f co ur se , by the Cle rk an d
se rv e d b t h e Ma rsha l
y

TI T 2 . . Of the direction of the Wa rrant .

THE W a rra nt is issue d in the na me o f the

Lo rd High A dmira l o f Engla n d a n d it must be ,
’

dir e cte d to a ll a n d Singul ar th e Justice s, Co n sta

‘

ble s M a y o rs, Ba iliffs, a nd o the r o ffice rs Of o ur

,

Lo r d the Kin g, pa rtic ula rly to D Marsha l Of the .

High Co urt O f A dmir a lty Of En gla nd It is .

‘
us ua l fo r the Re gistrar o f the C o ur t to issue
thi s W arra nt wi tho ut a spe cia l d e cre e fo r the
urpo se , in the sa m e m a nn e r tha t prim a ry o r
p
co mm o n cita tio n s are issue d in th e E ccle sia stical

Co urts .

[3
S u ch w a s th e ra ct i ce i E n g l a n d a t th e t i m e w h e n
p
n
o ur a uth o ur w r o te , a t a t r e s e n t i t a p e a r s to b e d iffe r
p
ent A ll ro ce s s e s a n d e v e n fo rms 0 d e cre e s th a t a re
.

p
r e co r de d 1 11 Si r J a me s M a rri o tt s F o r mul a ry o f a uthe n
’ ‘

ti c k w ri ts , run i n the n a me o f the Kin g Vi d F or m

. . .

Inst pa s sim
. .

I n the U n i te d Sta te s C o urts , e v e ry pro ce s s i n th e D i s

tri e t, a s w e ll a s in th e C ir cui t C o urts , i s i n th e n a me
o f The U n i te d Sta tes —Tn ]

[ 4 I n D e r 1 5 2 b th e r e i s a
p r e s cr ip t i o n f o r th e L o r d
y .
,

Hi gh A dmIr al to grant the Ofli ce OfRe i s trat o f th e A d

mi ra lty fo r li fe I n thi s country the Cle r s o f the D i s tri ct
.

C o ur ts o f the U n ite d Sta te s a re a p o in te d by the Co urts

re s cti v e ly in w hi ch the
y a c t a n s h o l d th e i r O fi ce s a t
w i l —Tr ]
,
.

C
10 Pra ctice of the Co urt o
f A dmi ra lty

TI T 3 . . Of the ma nner
ra n t .

W HEN y o u ha v e Obta ine d such a W arrant as

h a s be e n d e scribe d , it is to be de liv e re d to the
Marshal o f the Co urt ( i e to a ce rta in Officer
" . .

w h o is spe cially a ppo inte d fo r this pa rtic ular

u r o se ) if the e rso n wh o is to be arre ste re
p p p
sid e s o r is to be fo un d with in th e City O f n

d o n, the s uburb s o r a dja ce nt pla ce s Othe rwise .

to so me May o r, Ba ilifl , C o n sta ble , o r a ny O flicer

'

o r A ssista nt, in wha te v e r Cit , Villa ge o r To wn,

y
whe re the pe rso n liv e s, who is to be arre ste d .

A nd th e pe rso n to wh o m it is de liv e re d , by vir

tue Of th e W a rra nt sh a ll arre st the d e fe n d ant,
a n d sha ll no tif to him the ca use Of the arre st, at
y
the sa me time e x hibiting the W aIT a nt to him .

He sha ll the n lo dge himin ga o l o r de ta in himin

sa fe custo d , unle ss he sh a ll i v e sufli cie nt se cu
y g
rity fo r hi s le al a e a ra n ce o n the d a y a n d at
g pp
th e pla ce me ntio n e d in the W arra nt, a n d shall
a nswe r the la in tiff i th ti w hi h h a s be en
p n e a c o n c

institute d Whic h be ing d o ne he sha ll be t e

.

le a se d fromthe arre st .

A DD I TI ONS To TI TLE 3 .

[ If th t it d t f thi it
’

e ar
p y c e re que s a c o
py O s c a

tio n, the o ffice r o ugh t to giv e him a co py , and

‘

I f the ro ce s s i s to be s e rve d w i thin tw e n ty mi le s

fro m the i ty o f Lo n d o n , i t i s tO be gi v e n to the M a r
'

s h a l, b ut i f a t a
g re a te r di s ta n ce , i t i s c o mmi tte d to the

p y
a rt w h o a pp li e s f o r i t
.
 On the I nsta nce side . 11

re ce iv e o nly six
p e nce f o r th a t c o py , if it b e an
o rdi na r
y or usua l cita ti o n — Co ns ]

TI T 4 Of the ca ution or ba il to be gi ven by

. .

the per son who i s a rres ted for his lega l appea r ,

0 72 0 6 .

I N the ma rgin o r a t the fo o t Of the W arra nt to

0

wh i ch the se a l Of the Lo rd High A d m ira l is a llix

e d , th e sum fo r w hi ch the a ction w a s bro u ht i s
g
ma rk e d in the se wo rds a ctio n fo r 500 The .

se c u rit w hi ch i s take n o u h t th e re fo re to be to
y g
th e a mo un t O f th e sum thus spe cifie d 1 fo r th e ‘

le ga l a ppe ara n ce o f th e pa rty fo r th e purpo se s ,

b e fo re me ntio ne d, to wi t : to a nswer the pla in

tiff in th e ci vil a n d ma ritim e c a use The Office r .

w h o e x e c ute s the W arra nt sho uld the re fo re be

ca uti o ns th a t hi s se curit b e o o d a n d sufficie n t
y g
be fo re h e re le ase th e d e fe n dan t, a s he himse lf is
li a ble to a n a ctio n, if th e de fe nda nt sho uld no t a p
p e a r J t Th e se c u rity b e in
g ta k e n , th e W a r

I t i s n o t pro pe r to a cce pt a s b a il to a bi de th e s e n
te n c e , (fi d ej us s o r j udi ci o si s to ) a pe r s on w h o h a s n o pr o
p y
e r t w i th i n th e te r r i to ry S ca cc
. i a d e a p e ll
p g u ess . .

1 5 n u 1 39 .

m
. .

1 T “
h i s s e cur i ty s h o u l d b e t a k e n i n th e n a e o f the
Lo rd Hi h A dmi ra l [I n th
. e D i s tr i ct C o ur ts o f th e
U ni te d ta te s i t i s ta k e n i n th e n a me o f the M a rs ha l .

Tr
l
.

I . . . . q
l 1 D i e st Si ui s in j us v o ca t e t a l d ct
’ id B .

G a str e t D d i bi v i d
. J o se ph Ludo v D e ci s Luce n s
. . . . . .

33 w h o s a y s th a t a N o ta ry re ce iv i n g i mpro pe r s e curi ty
.

be co me s lia b le , e x c e pt i n thre e ca s e s
l st W h e n he do e s i t by o r d e r o f the J udge
. .

2 n d W h e n the ri n c ipa l i s s o lv e nt, i e po s se s se s a s . .

much prope rty a s t e a moun t o f the bo n d

.

.
12 Pra ctice of the C ourt of A dmira l ty

ra nt a nd b e fo re
th e bo nd a re to be tra n s mitte d
th e da y Of a ppe a ran ce , to the J udge , Re gi s tra r,
Pla intiff, o r to his Pro cto r, to ge the r with the na me
a n d s urna m e o f the pe rso n w ho e x e cute d th e

ro ce ss, a n d the flute a nd pla ce o f e x e c uting it,

p
in o rd e r tha t a n a uth e ntick ce rtific a te O f the ex e

cutio n m a b e m a de o ut a n d e x hi bi te d
y .

A DDITI ONS To TI TLE 4 .

[S e cu ri ti e s o r ca utio ns , a s the
y a re ter med b y
Civ i li a ns , a re of three s o r ts
1 J ud ica tum S o lv i by w hich the party i s
.

b o un d a b so lute ly to pa y s uch s umas ma y be a d

ud e d by the C o urt
j g .

2 . De J udicio S is ti by which he w as bo un d
to a ppe ar fro mti me to tI me d urin the pe nde n c y
g
o fth e ca use , to a bid e th e se nte n ce a n d al so to
p y
a

a te n th art Of the sumin di s ute if h e sh o uld b e

p p
d e fe a te d .

3 D e Ra tio
. by whi ch he e nga ge d to ra ti fy
a n d co n firm the a c ts o f hi s Pro cto r .

W i th re spe ct to the ma nne r in which the se

Ca utio n s w e re ta ke n the y w e re , ,

1 Ca utio fi dej us so ma ; by sure tie s

.
.

3d . W he n he re ce i v e s
i t i n th e pre s e n ce Of the pa rty ,
w h o d o e s n o t pro te s t a a in s t i t
g .

The Judg e s a re n o t li a b le , s e e 5 la s t I n st d e Sa ti s d a t. . .

tuto v i d V i n ce n d e
. . . F
ra n ch d e c i s 480 n 3 .
F a ri n a c
.

m
. . . .

p a r t l s t ra x . c r i i n
.
q u e s t 3
.3 . .

[ 6
D e a ti o i s n o t L a ti n I fin d tha t ro w n 2 C i v
. B
8c A d m L a w 35 6 ha s i t r a ti o ; but i t i s cle a rl a mi s
.

y
. .

ta k e The true w o rd i s R a t o
.
i t i s s o i n a ll th e b e s t
te x ts — Tu ]
 On the I ns ta nce s ide . 13

3 J ura toria ; by o a th
’
. .

4 . N udi Promi ssoria by bare pro mise .

Co n s .

The in the A dmira lty , tho ugh in the

se curitie s
na ture ; o f re co nizan ce , d o n o t a utho rize the
g
C o urtto pro ce e d a ga inst la nd s — I h ]

TI T 5 . . Wha t sha ll constitute a legal appea r

I F the pa rty a rre ste d , o r his la wful Pro cto r

sh a ll e rso na lly a ppe a r, a t th e re turn da y by
p
-

v irt ue o f th e W a rra nt, to ge the r w ith n e w se cu

r i ty ( fo r tha t which w a s ta ke n a t the tim e Of his

a rr e st, w a s o nly bo und fo r the a ppe a ra nce o f the

e r s o n a rre ste d, as in th e pre ce din titl e ) b un d

p g o

to the e ffe cts re spe ctiv e ly e n ume ra te d in Tit 1 2 , .

( f
o t he s ecu r i ty give n by the de
fe nda n t) h e h as

co mple te d a le ga l se curity , O th e rwise n o t But .

if th e pa rty himse lf a ppe ar in pe rso n, with se cu

rit to the e ffe ct O f the a fo re sai d O bli a tio n, he
y g
is to b e co mmitte d to priso n by the Judge , until
the te rmina tio n o f the suit, unle s s in the inte rim
he put in ba il ‘ Ne v e rthe le ss the Judge may ,
.

u o n pro pe r ca use s, ad m i t the party to hi s jura

p
to ry c a uti o n d viz th e o a th O f the pa rty to
'

th e sa m e e ffe cts for w hi ch ba il sh o uld h a ve be e n

Thi s s e curi ty i s gi v e n w he n the pa rt i s to o po o r

’

t? fin d a ctua l b a il . I t I s i n the di s cre ti o n o the J ud ge .

i r.
]
I n pa tri a s e u te rrito ri o v o ca to in udi ci um s uce ur
"
j
ritur , Ob c a us a s so uti e ns a bs e n ti a ; ( n o n s o lum mo rbum .

se d te m e s ta te m,
p u ae i mp e d i t qn a v i ga t i o n e m e t I te r )
quae ro ba n d a Lo cc 3 c I I
. 4 5. . . . .
‘

1
'
i d C a pe ll.T h o lo s s q u
. a 3s 1 38 n 2
.
-
. . . .
14 Pra ctice f
o the Co urt o f A dmira lty

i rticularl i f i t s ho uld a r to him

g ve n ;
p a y ppe a
tha t the pa rty i s s o po o r tha t he is una ble to find
se c urity A nd if the pa rty sha ll bring th e a fo re
.

sa id ne w se curity , Or sha ll be co m mitte d fo r w a nt

Of the m , o r i f th e J u d ge sh a ll a d mi t th e j ura to r
y
ca utio n, th e fo rm e r se c urity fo r hi s a p e a ra nce
p
shall be dis cha r e d , the ba il b o n d i s to be d e li
g
-

v e re d u , a n d th e a rt a rre ste d is to b e re
p p y
le as e d .

TI T 6 . . The executio n o f the Wa rra nt .

IF the W arra nt ha v e be e n e x e cute d by the

Marsha l, or by a ny Of the De puty Marshals o f
th e C o urt, th e n the sa me Office r 1 8 a c custo me d
.

to ma ke hi s co rpo ra l o a th, tha t a t such a d a v a n d

In such a p la ce , he arre ste d the d e fe n dan t a c
c o rdin to the te no r o f the W a rra nt B ut if th e
g .

W a rra nt w a s e x e cute d witho ut the City o f Lo n

do n, Or the suburb s, by a Ma y or o r a ny Of the
Office rs spe cifie d a bo v e in Ti t 2 th e Pro cto r Of
. .

th e pla intiff sha ll pro cure a ce rtifica te O f the e x

e c uti n O f the W a rra nt a t le n th, s e cif in th e
p g p y g
d ay a n d pla ce Of its e x e cutio n a n d h e sh o uld
ha ve it se a le d with a n a uth e nti ck se a l, in o rde r
th a t full cre di t may be giv e n to it .

TI T 7 Of the Wa r ra nt of A tto rney

. . or P roxy .
“

THE W a rra nt OfA tto rne y o r Pro x y in civ il

a nd maritime ca use s, i s ma de i n the sa m e fo rm

[ T
8
he C i v il La w d i s ti n gui s he s , w e d o , be tw e e n a
as
Le tte r a n d a W a rra n t o f A ttorn e y Th e fo rme r i s
.

ca ll e d a o cura ti o n, t
pr
pro x y, pro cur a cy, o r pr o cura o r y,
 On the I nsta nce side . 15

with the Pro x y o r Pro cura to ry a d li tes, in Ec

cle sia sti cal ca use s ; a n d it c o ntain s a ll tho se cla u

se s a nd o we rs e ne ra l a nd a rtic ula r w hich are

p g p
us ually co nta ine d in the m, w ith the se e x ce ti
p
o ns tha t in the co mme nce me nt Of the pro x to
y
c o n d uct a n E ccle sia stica l suit, o w e r is iv e n to
p g
th e Pro cto r i n omni bus ca us is ne go tiis, li tibus e t
u e reli s ; but in civil ca us e s, a fte r the w o rd s
q
li tibus e t que relis , the word s civilibus et ma ri ti
mis a re a dde d Pro x ie s Of thi s kind, in o rde r to
.

b e a uthe ntick sh o uld be se ale d with a n a uthe n

tic k se a l, in the sa me ma nne r tha t such pa pe rs a re
in th e Ec cle sia stical C o urtsfl ’
In the Pro x ie s
w h i ch a re file d i n Eccle sia stica l ca use s, po wer is
li ke wi se giv e n to pe tition fo r the be ne fit O f a bao
lu ti o n o ; li be ra tio n fr o m w ha te v e r de cre e s o f
e x co m munica tio n, o r o f inte rdiction, suffe re d or
to h e suffe re d by la w o r ma n, whe th e r a
pyl o r m
by bond But in Pro x i e s in civil ca use s, tha t
.

cla use i s to be o m itte d a nd ano the r is to be ia

s e rte d , b w hi h w e r is ive n to the Pro cto r to
y c p o
g
i v e and intro d uce , Li ios , ca utio nes et F ide us
g g j
so res , a nd a lso to de m a nd a nd re ce iv e the mfi o m
°

th e o p o site rty
p p a .

ad ne
g oti a , and th e f o rm e r a d l it e s th a t i s t o s a y , t h e
o n e i s a n a uth o ri t i n to n A t to n i n fa t a n d i
y v e a r e c , s a
ma tte r ex tra udi ci a o r, i n p a ys , a n the la tte r is
-
j
a uth o ri t
y g i v e n t o a n A t to r n e y a t L a w , t o m a n a g e o r

p ro s e cut e o n e o r om r e s u i ts , o r a ll s u i ts , a n d i s a m a t t er
Of r e co rd b e c a us e i t i s a lw a s file d a
, y m o n g th e e x h i bi t s
Of the ca us e a n d s o
, em m
ti e s i s e x e cu t e d b e fo re a n d a t
te s te d by th e Cle r ko r Re s te r o f th e C o urt
°

. In the
la st c a se , i t i s s a i d to b e ma e a ud a cta , in the a cts o f
p
C o urt — Tu ]
Cle r Pra x i s pe r O ughto nu , Tit 48
. m . .
16 Pra ctice f
o the Cha rt of A dmira lty

A mNs TO TI TLE
DD I T 5 .

A P o r is co n stitute d e ithe r by pro x y o r

[ ro c t
a ud a cta curiae, o r b e fo re a No ta ry Publick a n d
p
witne sse s .

A Pro x y , ( w hich We sembe cy ra nk s in the n um

be r Of e x tra judicia l co n stitutio ns, a s a lso the
-

o th e r be fo re a No tary Publick) i s a po w e r o r

ma n da te giv e n to the Pro cto r by his clie nt to a p

p e ar fo r him , a n d to d o a ll thi n
g s f o r h im , w h ic h
h e might po ssibly d o , if h e we re pe rs o na lly the re
himse lf ; with po w e r to sub stitute an o the r in hi s
ste a d, so Ofte n a s he sha ll be a b se nt upo n urge n t

o c ca si o n s . A n d tha t it ma y be v alid a n d a u
th e ntick it o ught to co ntai n the name O f th e
a rt c o n stl tutin a n d th e na m e O f th e Pro cto r
p y g
co n stitute d a lso a a in st w h o m in w h t c a u
g , a s e ,

be fo re w ha t Judge , a n d to wha t a cts h e is co n sti

tute d , (vi z ) to a ct, Offe r, o r re ce iv e a libe l
. to
e x ce pt, co n te st s uit, pro d uce wi tne sse s, he a r
se nte nce , &c in w hi ch re s e ct th e se m a n d a te s
.

p
o r pr o x ie s m a
y b e sa id to be e ith e r l
ge n e ra

(g i v in
g fu ll p o w e r to
p r o s e c u te t h e w h o le c a u s e

while it is in co ntro v e rsy ) o r spe cial (w hich giv e s

o we r o nl o do o r f rm so m a rtic ular
‘

p y t p e r o e
p
a ct, a n d th i s m a n d a te , th a t it m ay b e nu
'

the ntick, must b e se a le d in the sa me fo rm a s e u

th e ntick ce rtific a te s ( be fo re me ntio ne d ) are se a l
e d ; Of w hich , se e Lindwoo d, C o n stitutio ni Otho

bo ni, C d oflicio procura tor um The se man d a te s

. . .

o u h t like wi se to m a ke m ti n th a t t h a r e
g e n o , e
y
re a d t c firm w h a tsoe ve r the ir sai d Pr o cto r
y o o n

shall d o in th e
p r e m is es .
 On the Ins ta nce s ide . 17

A n o the r so rt o f e x tra
j udi cia l Co nstitutio n
m
i s -

th a t w hich i s ad e be fo re a No ta r Publick, w h o
y
d ra w s up a publick instrume nt the re upo n, a nd
e x hi bits it in Co urt ; a n d like wise a Pro cto r is

co n stitute d be fo re two o r m o re witne ss e s, who

i v e th e ir te sti mo n co n ce rni n th C t itu ti

g y g e o n s o n
o f th e Pro cto r A Pro c to r i s o nly the n sa id to
.

b e c o nstitute d j udici a lly , whe n the party co n sti

tu ti n g i s pre se nt in Co urt, a nd m a ke s c ho ice o f

h i s Pro cto r be fo re the J udge , a nd co nfirms his

e rs o n, an d ro m i se s to ra tify w ha tso e v e r his
p p
s a i d Pro cto r sha ll a ct o r d O ( whi ch e le cti o n he

de sire s ma y be put iqto the C o urt a ct) 0 1 whe n ‘ '

h e , o r so me o ne in his na me , Offe rs to the Judge a

le t te r, o r o ther w riting, w hich make s a ppe a r
w h o mh e ma ke s choice o ffo r a Pro c to r ; the co n
te n ts Of which is to be inse rte d in the a cts o f the
C o urt Mr C le r/re se e ms to re cko n a co n sti
“ .

tutio n b e fo re a N o tar y Publi ck to be a judicial

co ns titutin o f a Pro cto r, but the m i t k w il l
g s a e

ea sily a ppe ar b
y W e se m be c
y f
f T de P r o cu r a . .

to r .
“
Co ns Pra c . .

TI T 8 . . Of cons ti tutin
g a P ro ctor a
pud a c

ta , or e xtr a
j udicia lly befo re
-
a Nota ry .

THE pla intiff o r de fe nd an t if he is pre se nt in

Co urt a t th e co mme nce me nt of the suit,
g e ne

to the fo rm a n d ma n n e r o f co n s titutin g a Pro c

A s
to r , s e e furth e r es e W
b f d e pr o cur n umb 5 , 6 m . . . .

My n s 46 1 Ma r a n ta i n Sp e cul p a r 4 dis t 1 n 35
. . . . .

m
. . . . . .

i n Pr a c a n d Spe c i n ti t d e pr o cur S e ct r a ti on wfor

. . . . . .

n umb 1 3 1 9 a n d n 4 Cuj a o bs l 7 c 2 6 in pr a e 1 2
. . . . . . . . . . . . .

n 2
. .Tr ] -
.

D
 18 Pra ctice o
f the Court of A dmira lty

ra l ly e x e cute s a fo r the ca use in a judi

ro x y
p
c i sl m a n ne r, with a ll th e cla use s w hich are us u

a ll inse rte d in i n d a cc o rdin to the sty le

y p ro x e s a g
o f th e C o urt an d the pre ce de nt writte n by the
'

Re giste r ; by w hich he stipula te s to ra tify all the

a cts a n d thi n s d o ne b
g y hi s Pro cto r A n d the .

Re gi ste r shal l re ce iv e a W arra nt o f A tto rney

a n d sti ula tio n o f this kin d , a n d sha ll ta ke t he
p
p e rso n so co n stitutin a nd sti ula tin
g p g by th e ri ht
g
h a n d in to ke n the re o f A n d this so rt o f a p
10
.

o intm e nt m b e d o ne be fo re th e Re iste r in
p a
y g
hi s o wn ho use , in the pre se nce o f witne sse s .

This Con stitutio n is ca lle d a co nstituting apud

a cta , tho ugh i t be o nly d o ne in the a b se n ce o f the
Judge al so the partie s an d a ttornie s inte re ste d
w he n th e y a re in differe nt pla ce s, ma y co nsti tute
Pro cto rs be fo re a No ta ry Pub lick, a n d ma y sti
p ula te a s a bo v e , in hi s
pre s e n ce an d be fo re Wi t

ne sse s, a n d m a
y d e m a n d o f him to d ra w u
p a

ublick de cla ra ti o n a n d ca use it to be re co r de d

p .

In this la st ca se th e Pro cto rs usua lly sa y I ex

bibit my Pro x y fo r A B ta ke n und e r publick in
. .

strum 8m
”
e nt, .

[
1°
The o ri
g i n a l i s th u s z— e t i n s i g n u m ej u s d e m a cci
p i e t co n s ti tu e n t e m a c s ti u l a n t e m p er m a n u m d e
'
a t r a m ,

g o . I a t fi r s t th o u g h t , t a t t h i s m e a n t s i m pyl th e s ig n a
ture o f th e pa rty , b ut wh e n w e re fle c t u o n the i n o
p g
ra n ce o f the e a rly a e s , w h e n fe w co ul d w ri te w e ar e
g ,
le d to co n clud e th a t ta ki n g b y th e h a n d o r o th e r s y m
b o ls , s uppli e d th e pla ce o f si n a tur e s
g . A s i n s o m e of
th e Sta te s , i n ta k i n g a re co n i z a n ce , o ur Pr o th o n a to rie s
g
a n d J u sti ce s s a , a r e
y y o u c o n te n t — T r ]
.
 On the I nsta nce s ide . 19

A DDI TI O NS TO TI TLE 8 .

[ The ne x t thin g in o rde r, se e ms

c o n sid e ra ble

to b e th e Pro cto r, hi s o ffi ce a nd po w e r, &c .

S e e ing no cita ti o n tho ugh e x e cute d , ca n be

b r o ught into C o urt b ut by the Pro cto r, n or a ny
n o ti ce ta ke n o f it, unle ss e x h ibite d b
y h im .

Th e re fo re , a mo ng the se v e ra l di visio ns o f Pro c

to r s ( in re spe ct o f the ir o ffice s) w e sha ll o nly
ma ke use o f tha t de finitio n be st fitting o ur pur
d i thi l ce it i s P r o cura to r J udici a
p o se a n n s a
p n
lis , a Judici al Pro cto r, which i s inte n d e d ; ( tha t
i s ) h e wh o ma n a ge s a n y o ne s c o nc e r n in a Co urt
’

o f Judi c a ture , b y th e spe cial ma n da te o f his

c l i e nt Th e di visio n o f J udicia l Pro cto rs, se e in

.

IV I y n Ins t de a ctio n F 1 0
. . . . .

How a nd when Proctors ma y be substituted

’

1 Wh a t a substitutio n i s a nd the se ve ra l kind s

.

of it .

2 W he n a Pro cto r ma y sub stitute a nothe r in

.

his ste a d in a ny ca use .

1 A sub stitutio n is th e putting a ny o ne in ll l S

.

ste a d , giving po we r to a ct in hi s a b se n ce The re .

a re se v e ra l so rts o f sub stitutio n s ; so m e ar e te s

ta me nta ry
l
( w hi ch are like wi se
g e ne ra l o r S
pe

F i de Pro cur t 1 l 7 1 l 72 C o d Bo domU rum

. . . . . . . .
,

d i s put 3 th 1 n 2
. J a e B o uri c de o fli ci o A d v o ca ti, .

Spe cul N o cti t i n r ub Ro de mn 1 W e s e mb

. . . . . .

l,2 . . . . . . .

d e Pr o cur n l 2 . Tr ]
. . .
- .

w A te s ta me n ta r s ub s ti tuti on in th e C i v il L a w , i s
[ y
th e li mita ti o n o f a n e s ta te by wi ll, to go fro m o n e pe r »

s o n to a n o the r u on a ce rta i n co nti n e nc

p g y T h e u
p p i l .
20 Pra ctice of the Court of A dmira lty

c i a l ) o th e rs p pu i lla ry o th e rs su c h a s a re m a d e

by t h e o ffi c e rs o r a s si sta n ts in C o ur ts o f c o n tr o
v e rs , w hich a gre e s pro pe rly with the de fini ti o n
y
he re me nti o ne d .

2 A n d tho ugh a Pro cto r ha s po w e r giv e n by

.

his pro x y to substitute a ny o the r in the ca use , so

o fte n a s he sha ll be a bse nt fro m the C o urt ; y e t

h e ca nno t substitute a ny Pro cto r be fo re th e c o n

13
te stin g o f suit, calle d the li tis contes ta tio , be
ca use he is no t, till the n , lo rd o f the sui t, o r co n
’

tro v e rsy , no r ca n it pro pe rly be ca lle d a sui t .

B ut a fte r this liti s co n te s ta tio o r co nte sting o f

suit, a ll thi ngs w ha tso e v e r a cte d o r d o ne by th e

sub stitute d Pro c to r a re v a lid a n d go o d i n la w a s

,

i f d o n e by the o rigina l Pro cto r Wes emb ubi s

. . . .

When a Pro cto r is s a id to cea se to be a Proctor in

a ca us e a n d when no t .

The ge ne ra l r ul e i s, unumqw dquc di ssolv i

eo de m mo de uo colli a tum e s t e ve r thi
q g y n g
la r y sub s tituti o n i s a de vi s e to a min o r a n d in c a s e h e
die s un de r a ge , the n to hi s fa th e r , gua rd i a n , o r o th e r

p e r s o n und e r W h o s e ca re o r cu s tod y h e i s T h e se a re
.

v e ry li ttle c o n n e ct e d wi th th e s ub s ti tuti o n by a le tte r o r

w a rr a n t o f A tto r n e y b ut the C i v i li a n s a re fo n d o f r e
d uci n g un d e r o n e he a d a ll ma tte r s i n w hi ch the i r in ge
1i ca n di s co v e r the s li ghte s t d e gre e o f a n a lo y
5
3r ?T i g .

h i s a n a lo o us to our C o mmo n La w ple a di n s

s
g
or j oi n i n g i s s ue . ut n o cri ti c a l n i c e ty i s re qui re d
the s e C i v il La w ple a di n gs i t i s s uffi ci e n t th at the y a r e
cle a r a n d e r s i c uo us a n d fre e fro mi m ti t o r i rr e
p p e r n e n
le v a nt ma te r Th e pa rti e s a re a t libe rty to ma ke a s
(

ma ny in ts o r que s tio n s o f fa ct o r la w a s ma y b e
d e e me n e ce s s a r o r pro pe r, s o th a t the ca us e may b e
y
he ar d a n d de te rmi ne d upo n i ts re a l me rits Tr ] .
-
.
22 P ra ctic e of the Court o
f A dmira lty

Pro cto r a ppe a ling co me s be fore the Judge ( from

who mhe a ppe a ls) an d a lle ge s tha t h e ha s so ,

a e a le d, a n d d e sire s di smi ssio n, &c o r w he re

pp .

the pa rty who go t the ca use c o m e s a nd de m a nd s

se nte nce to be put in e x e cutio n A nd th o ugh .

the a ppe lla te d o o btain se nte nce o f re m i ssio n ,

a nd d o pre se nt this le tte r o f re m issio n to the

Judge fi o m who m it wa s a ppe a le d ; y e t he ca n
'

d o n o tlung in the prese nce o f hi s a dv e rsa ry s

’

Pro cto r, b ut must ca ll the principa l p a rty by

ne w proce s s, in like m a nner wh e th e r i t i s a ppe a l

e d o r no t A fte r se n te nce i s giv e n, the pa rty who

.

o t the se nte n ce mus t c a ll th e a d v e rse pa rty by

g ,

w a y o f pro ce ss, to se e th e s e nte nce put in e x e

cuti o n a nd bo th o f th e m m ust c o nstitute the ir
Pro ctors a s a t first But if the principal pa rty
.

die a fte r th e suit ha s b e e n co nte ste d by the Pro c

tors, the Pro cto r o f tha t pa rty so dy ing ( wh e
the r pla intiff o r de fe n da nt) is by the co nte sta
tio n o f suit, res ni m i r um des i nens es se integra , a s
th e ci vil la w ca lls 1t) ma de lo rd o f the suit, a n d
"

may pro se cute a nd de fe nd the sui t, a n d d o a ll

things whi ch o ught to ha v e be e n d o ne , if the
rinci a l t h d b li d lik wi
p p p y ar a e e n a ve ; a n e s e

o bta in a d e finitiv e se nte nce But we must dis .

ti ngui sh be twe e n re a l a nd pe rso na l a ctio ns, fo r

a ll a ction s tha t are e rs o na d o die with th e
p
e rso n : such a s are a c ti o ns o r ca use s fo r d e fa
p
ma tio n o r ma trimo nia l, a nd such like ; but in

D Zo uch E le m J ur p 5 S e ct 8 Se ct
;I
. . . . . . ct pro c uro r.
Tr .

n st . S e ct
. o vu m de. Succe s . M y n e G ra v
. . a d ves t
.
 On the I nsta nce side . 23

rea l a ctio ns, which ma y re s

pe ct the
g o o d s, o r

the righ t a ny o ne
p re te nd s to e rso na l e sta te ,
a
p
&c the n wha t is a bo v e sa id ta ke s pla ce
. Like .

wise , if a ny a ppe a l fi o m a ny pre te n d e d grie v '

a n ce w h ich the suffe r in the d i n s, be

y p ro c e e
g
fo re the d e finitiv e se nte nce , a nd th e Judge , to
wh o mit was appe ale d , pro no unce th, tha t it wa s
unjustl
y a
pp e a le d , a n d t h e re u p o n r e m i ts th e

ca use b a ck to the Jud e fro m w h o m it w a s a

g p
e a le d , a nd the t ll t h i bi t t h l t
p p y pp
a r a e a e e x s e e

te rs rem issa ry be fo re the Judge fro m wh o m,

&c an d ma ke s re que st tha t the y ma y procee d
.

a cco r din to th e fo rm e r a cts , a n d in the sa m e

g
sta te in w hich th e ca us e w a s a t the tim e o f the

e al in this ca se , the Pro cto r o f the a rt

a
pp p y
ll a te , m a , in the re se nce o f the Pro cto r
a
pp e y p
wh o a ppe al e d, a ct a n d d o a ll thi ngs a s if he had
not b e e n a pe a le d a t a ll
p F o r the Pro cto r o f the
.

li n a rt d o e s n o t c e a se to be Pro cto r ; if
a
pp e a
gp y
the a ppe al be ma de fro mso me grie va nce s com
mitte d a fte r the c o nte sting o f suit, but be fo re the
sente nce , se e in t h e ro cura to ry m a n da te is o f
g p
force until the d e finitiv e se nte nce A nd then ce .

it happe n s, tha t the pa rty a ppe lla te ne e d s no t

(in t hi s s o rt o f re m i s s i o n ) c a ll th e
p r in c ip p y
a l a r t
who a ppe a l e d , to se e furth e r pro ce e dings, j a s
abov e C ons Pra c
. . .

[18
G a il l 1 1 09 n 3, 4, 5 8 m
ob s G ra v a d ve st
—
. . . . . .
. . .

l 4
. . c . 4 . n . 39 ve rb o n i s i fo rte
. Tr ]
24 P ra ctice o f the Court f
o A dmira l ty

TI T 9 . . The pe ti tio n o
f the Pla intif s P roc
at the ti me of the return o f the Wa rra nt be

The Procto r fo r the pla intiff a ppea rs be fore

the Judge g fo llo w s
sa y in as

I e x hibit my pro x y in writing, (o r apud a o

‘
ta , if h e w a s th us c o n stitute d fo r N (i e fo r . . .

the pla intiff) a nd make my se lf pa rty to th e

sa m e ; a nd I e x hibit th e o ri ina l m a n d a te with
g
th e c e rtifica te ind orse d the re on , (o r, upo n th e
e x e cutio n of w hich th e m
.
a nd a to ry he re
p re se nt

in Co urt a tte sts by his oa th ) A n d I a ccuse M

m
. .

o f c ontu a cy b e c a us e he w a bo und to m ake

hi s le gal a ppe a ran ce he re this day , (a s w e ll by

the te n o ur o f the ma nd a te , a s by th e stipula tio n
o r un d e rta king o f his ba il bo nd w hich wa s e x
-

co nto d in this be half a n d re m a in s in the h a nd s o f

the Re gistra r, o r, which is no w re a dy to be e xhi

bite d by me ) a nd i s no t n o w fo rth co min g
”
.

W h e re fore I pray tha t he be de cla re d in

co ntum a c , a n d tha t, in
y a in f su ch co ntu
p o

[ By thi s a n d o the r i l i C l k w l h i
no
t t e s n e r c e e a rn t a t n
the e a r j
s ta e o f ur i s prud e n ce , th e e a d i n s w e re o r a l
ly g pl
i n th e iv il , a s w e ll a s in th e C o mmon a w C o urts .

But a d iffe re n t ra cti ce ha s s ince be e n i n tro duce d , a n d

e v e ry thi n gi n t e co ur s e o f a Ci v i l La w s ui t, e x ce pt i a
c i d e n ta l mo ti o n s , i s n o w e x h ib i te d i n w ri ti ng i n th e v a
ri on s fo r m s o f Li be l s , Pe ti ti o n s , A lle ga ti o n s , A n s w e r s ,
R e pli ca ti o n s , D upli ca ti o n s , 8 mw hich
. a re n o t re uire d
Q
to b e fr a me d i n a n y fo r ma l s e t o f w o rd s Th e s e fo rmu
.
.

l a ri e s , h o w e v e r a r e curi o us , a s c o n tr i butin g to sh o w th e
a n c i e n t pra cti c e o f th e C o ur ts o f C i v il La w in E n gla n d ,
a n d thr o ugh th e m, a s th o u h o ur a n cie n t C o m mo n La w
g
C o urts , i mpo rta n t rin e i e s ma y still be tra ce d , w hi ch
w i ll b e fo u n d n s e fu to t e m o d e rn pra ti c t i o ner — Tr ] . .
 On the I ns ta nce side . 25

macy , h e b e d e c
”
lare d to h a v e in c u r re d t h e fo r
feit o f his b unch
The n the Jud ge shall o rde r the de fenda nt to
be thrice ca lle d upo n his stipula tion by the Mar
sha l o f the Co urt, a n d in case he d oe s n o t a
p
a r, h e sh a ll r o no un ce th e bo nd to be forfe it
p e
p
e d a nd o rd e r him to be ta ke n i nto custo d u n t il
,
y
the e n a lt be pai d
p y .W h e n th e d e fe n d a n t f a ils
to a ppe ar, the Jud e i s a ccusto m d t ll w
g e o a o a
re a so na ble ro o rtio n o f the l t t h u f
p p p e n a
y s o r
feite d , to the pla intiff,in co nse que nce o f the ih
j y
u r w h ic h h e m a
y su st a in b y th e d e l
‘

a
y i n h i s su i t .

He ma y dispo se o f the re ma in de r a cco rding to

his discre ti o n fo r th e a fo re sa id stipula tio n fo r
the a ppe a ra nce o f the d e fe nda nt was sa id to be a
”
raetori a n stipula tion, a n d is, the re fo re , a t the
p
dispo sa l o f the Judge . B ut in ca se the de fe nd
ant, n o twithsta n din
g t h e sti ula tio n fo r hi s a
p p
p eara n ce , d o e s n o t a pp e a r, b u t fli e s t h e K in
g d o m
or di e s, lea vin n o e ffe cts, the n the w ho le a m o unt
g
of the sti ula tio n e nte re d into by the fid e usso re s
p j
for his a ppe ara nce , is to be de liv e re d to the
p la in ti f
f u p o n hi s m a ki n
gp r o o f o f the de bt .

N a m to ta Summa fo ri s fa cta , de b e tur D o mino A d

mirallo qui a
, ca uti o , i lli in te rp o n i t u r n o n a r
.ti
[
9°
P r ae tor i a n s ti p u l a ti o n i s m a d e t o e C o ur t, co n
zentua l to th e
-

p a rty. T h e b a i l a re n o t di sch a r e d by
g
the s urre n de r o r de a th o f the i n ci a l, a s a t C o mm
pr
p o n
Law . I n pro ce e din gs i n p er son a m, the ca uti o n fo r th e
a
pp e a ra n ce o f th e
p ya r t i s
26 P i
ra ct ce o f the Cour t o
f A dmira lty

‘ h
TI T 1 .0 T h e p
. e ti tion of t e defe n da nt upon

his lega l appea ra nce a cco r d ing

sti ula tio n, a nd the pla intifl no t appea r ing or
'

p
ne lectin t ro secute his suit
g g o
p .

IF the d e fe nda nt a ppear a ccording to the ar

‘

re st a nd the ba il w hic h wa s put in by o th e rs fo r

him, he , o r his Pro cto r i n e x hibiting his pro xy , in ~

writing o r apud a cta , sh a ll say :

I alle ge tha t M he re pre se nt in C o ur t w a s .

a n d is a rre ste d a c c o rding to th e W arra nt o r

manda te which w a s issue d fromthis C ourt, a nd

tha t he ha s give n ba il for hi s a ppe aran ce he re
this da y , to a nswe r the co mpla int o f N in a .

ta in civ il a n d m a ritim c ca use But th a t the said .

N the pla intiff, ne ithe r a ppe a rs in pe rso n n o r by

.

his Pro c to r, a nd ne gle cts to pro se cute his ca use ;

a nd m o re o ve r tha t m y clie nt is re a dy to r o d u ce
p
ro e r a n d sufiicie nt se c uritie s to re s o nd to the
p p p
l a intiff in the sai d acti o n b y him co m m e n ce d
p ,

a c c ording to the ro v i sio ns o f the la w an d the

p
rule s o f this Co urt ‘ Vhe re fo re , I pray tha t my
.

clie nt m a
y b e h e n ce d i sm i sse d w i th co s t s , a nd
tha t his ba il bond be de cre e d to be re tu ne d to
-
'

himo r be can ce lle d

”
.

The n th e Judge sha ll c a use the Plain tiff to be

p u bl ickly calle d b
y th e M a rs ha l o f th e C o u rt ,

a nd in d e fa ult o f hi s e rso na l a b
p pp e ar a n c e , o r
y
his Pro cto r, a n d o n a cco unt o f his utte r ne li
g
e nce to pro sec ute his s uit, the Jud e i n hi s di s
g g
cre ti o n, m a a s s such a d e cre e a s ha s be e n
y p

Vi de G a il . li b. 1 . o bs . 59 .

p er to tum
. Et vi d .

G le rke ’
s Pr e x i n C a n s Eccl Ti t 5 3 pe r O ughto n um
. . . . . .
 On the I ns ta nce s ide .
27

ra e d o n
p y th e part o f the de fe nd a nt, a nd co n

dem n th e pla intiff in c o sts, o r th a t h e sh all n o t

be he a rd a t a ny future d ay unle ss the de fe nd a nt s

’

costs are d is cha r e d o r he m ra nt a co n ti

g a
y g
nua n ce o f the ca use until so m e future C o ur t d a
y,

and the n d e cre e a s a b o v e o r he m a d e c re e

y
that the pla intiff be ca lle d a t a future d a un de r
y
the pe n a lty o f be in fin ally dism i se d wi th c o sts,
g s
which is the mo re usua l co urse .

But this is to be o b se rv e d h e re ; i f the de

fe nda nt h a v e his bai l in C ourt, re a dy to an s we r
to the l intiff in th e pa rticula r c a u se , a n d b e
' p a

liev e s tha t th e plai ntiff w ill a ppe ar be fo re

“

whic h h a s b e e n gra nte d fo r his a ppe a ra n ce , o r

o n which h e m
.
‘

on th e v e r d a a b ite d to
y y y e c

e a r, a nd rose c ute the suit th e n he , th e d e

a
pp p
fen d a n t, ma y fo r fe a r o f surprise , e nte r his secu
rit a t o n ce , lest h e m i h t n o t h a v e th e mre a d
y g y
inte d fo r th e pla in tiff s a
’
on th e d a a ear
y pp o pp
ance , a n d hi s b a il b o nd sh o uld be de cre e d to be
-

forfe i te d . A n d the n a bill o f co sts is to be

ma de o ut a nd tax e d by th e Judge , a nd the pa rty
is to sw e a r to the di sburse me nt o f the sa i d c o sts
’

But o f th e ta x ing o f c o sts : the mo niti o n fo r

,

the pa y me nt o f th e m a nd o th e r in cide ntal e x

e ns e s, i s to b e pro c e e de d o n a s in Eccle si
p
a sti cal C o urts ; w ith this di ffe re nce , tha t in the

Eccle sia stic al Courts th e pa rty wh o is co nde mn

e d in co sts is ad m o ni she d to pa y the m by a ce r

tain d a , o th e rw ise to a ppe a r o n a n o the r d a y

y
and sh o w c a u se w hy he sh o u ld n o t b e e x c o m m u

nica te d ; wh e e a s , n
r i th e A d m ira l ty ,
in c iv il a n d
maritime ca use s, e m t h o n itio n c o n t a i n s a n i n
j u n e

tio n to the pa rty to pa y the co sts by a ce rta in

28 P ra ctice f
o the Co ur t f
o A dmira lty

d a y me ntio ne d th e re in, a n d th e re is mo reo v e r

inse rte d in a ca pia s cla use , by w hi ch , if he
do e s not pa y the mo n o r be fo re th a t d a y , the
office r is o rde re d to ta ke hi s bo dy a nd c o mm it
himto priso n until he shall pa y ) “

TI T 1 1. . The Petitio n of the P roctors hinc indé ,

In the pla in tiff a ppea r a t th e da y a ppo in te d

e ithe r in pe rso n o r by hi s Pro cto r he s hall sa y , ,

I a ccuse the d e fe nd a nt o f c o ntuma cy , &c

”
.

( a s in T it T h e n the de fe nda nt, if he a p

.

ar in pe rso n o r by his Pro cto r, sha ll pra y th a t

p e
a kbe l a n d fidej u s s o ry s e c urity l be giv e n by the
‘ '

o site par ty , o r th a t he be di sm i sse d with

o
pp
C OStS . r

I Th e Pro cto r fo r
p la in tiff shall re ly
p th e ,

tha t, first he pra y s tha t pro pe r fidejusso ry se c u

rit b ut in by the d e fe nd a nt a cco rdin to the
y e
p g
ro v isio ns o f la w a nd the fo rm f th C urt t
p s o e o , o

the e ffe ct spe cifie d in li t 1 2

'
. .

The n the Judge sha ll say ‘ Ve dire ct tha t

bo th pa rtie s sha ll file the ir fid ejussory se curity
by to mbrro w, a nd tha t the pla intiff file his libe l
-

Vi d C le r Pra x in C urn s Eccle s Ti t 2 7

. . . . 28 2 9
O ugh ton um
. . . .

r
pe .

1 A l th h the La ws r e q ui re tha t the la in ti fi s h a l l

" '

o u
g p
n s e c ur i ty by ro e r fi d e us s o re s be fo re he c o r re c ts
I p p j
li be l , y e t I t i s li ttle a tte n de d to in C o urts a d di t a d . .

C a pe ] Th o l o s quass 1 38
. . . .

F o r th e l i n tifi i s n o t b o un d to li be l l
'

1 p a
, u n e s s fi d e .

j us so ry se cur i ty ha s b e e n firs t put in by the de fe nd a n t .

 On the Ins ta nce side . 29

the defenda nt, an d the s ti

p ula tion which is en

ter ed into by him .

Tun de fe nd an t
gh t t o fin d a t le a st tw o
ou

fid ejusso re s, wh o sh o uld be bo und r e spe ctiv e ly

to the plain tiff, in the sum fo r which the a ction
w a s in stitute d, to the se e ffe cts,+ v iz to a bide
the se nte nce , (j udicio s is ti) to pay co sts, a n d to
ra tif the a c ts o f the Pro cto r b
y y him c o nst it u t
e d, o r to be c o nstitute d But if it be o bje cte d .
,

o n the a rt o f th e d e fe n d a n t th a t the plain tiff

p ,

h a s ma li cio usly co mme n ce d h is a ctio n fo r a

re a te r sum th a n is re a lly d ue to hi m in o r d e r
g ,

th a t the de fe n da nt m ight be cas t in to priso n for

w a n t o f fidejusso re s ; the Judge , fo r the pre v e n
tio n o f such fra ud o r ra the r malice , ma y co m p el

th e plai ntiff to sw e ar to the sum whi ch he e x

ro v e is d ue to him h fi d
p e e ts to
p , a n d t e e
ju ss o r
y
sha ll be ta ke n to th a t a m o unt the o the r
di sh urse me nts in curre d by pra y ing the decision
‘

o f th e Jud e , a n d fo r e x e nse s in s u rtin the

g p pp o g
succe e d s, a re to be a d de d .

V i d D ige st Lib . 46 . Tit 7 l 9

B ut a fte r de cre e
. . . .

ro n o un c e d , a re the fi d ej u s s o rc s h e l d to th a t w hi ch ma y
.

p e
p r o n o un ce d i n th e A
pp e a l c a us e V i d 1 2 0 cum . . .

a ud w he re i t i s s a i d the y a re n o t un le s s the re be a n o
t e r a ctio n . Vi d a r t a d d 1 e t e ti a m C a s tre n s ih
. B . . . . .

1 R '

I D L E Y
’
s Vi e w , pa rs 2 c 1 5 5 in fin e . . . .

m
. .

[n T h i s s e e s n o w to b e m a d e u nn e c e s s a ry y b th e

rule , 2 8th J a n 1 8 0 1 , re uiri n

.
g a n a q
ffi d a v i t o f th e d e b t
t e fo r e the W a rra nt i s s ue s 2 Bro Civ 85 A dm 4 1 0
i
. . .
. .

r
r .
]
30 Pra ctice o
f the Co urt o f A dmiral ty

TIT 1 3. . The Pe tition an d Pro tes t of the Proc

ffi
'

tor fo r the Pla in tifl a t the intro duction o de

j us sores o f this kind .

A s it so me time s h a ppe n s th a t th e de fe nda nt

introd uce s fid ejusso re s who are unkno wn , o r wh o
‘

a re no t a ble to pa y the a m o unt sue d for, the

Pro cto r fo r th e pla intiff, a t the pro ducti o n o f

the m, ma y pro te st a ga in st the a d mi ssio n o r re
ce ptio n o f the m a n d the ir in suf ficie ncy , a nd h e
ma y pra y fo r mo re a mple se curity This pro .

te sta tio n is pa rti cula rly ne ce s sar y b e cause , i f it ,

b e ne gle cte d , the pa rty is e xclud e d fro m d e

ma ndi ng mo re sub sta ntial se curity a t a ny fixture
p e rio d o f th e ca use .

TI T 1 4
. . The productio n ffi jde uso

p a rt o f the pla intifii

Tun pla intiff is al s o o bli

g ed to fin d fid ejus
s o re s ffe cts , v iz fo r the pro se cutio n o f
to th e se e .

th e suit ; for th e pa y me n t o f the d e fe nda nt s

“ ’

c o sts if the pla intiff fa il in hi s c a use , + a n d fo r

th e
pro d uc tio n o f th e p lai ntiff p e rso nall
y a s o f
ten a s h e m a
y b e ca lle d F o r ta ke n o ti ce , tha t .

th e pla intiff ca n use the pe rso na l a ns we rs o f the

Vi d Ca . ll Tholo s d o ei s 1 38 n u 3 v id a uth
. . . . . . . .

n e r a lite r od d e Epi s c e t Cle ri c v i d F a ch si i difi e

'

g e . . . .

r e n tia s J uri s C i v ili s e t Sax o ni ci , Li b 1 Ti t 40, p 1 5 4 . . . . .

N o v e ll 1 1 1 2 O lde n do rp C la s s 1 A ct 7 i n fin e
. . . . . . . . .

C F o r unle s s y o u a d d , i n w h i ch th e l a i n tiff
1 a v e p
-
.

s h a ll be co n d em n ed , the fi dej us s o re s w i ll b e b o un d to

a y co st s tho ugh the la i n tiff ma y n o t b e c o n de mne d i n

p
c o s ts .Thu s Sa li ce t . p
in the co nclus i o n o f C o d de fra ct . .

c t li t Ex pe n s n u 2
. v e r si e z a nd the re fo re b e c a r e ful
. . . .
 On the I nsta nce s ide . 31

defen da nt, to the alle ga tio ns co ntaine d in the

libe l, o r a ny o the r ma tte r by h imsugge ste d a n d
filed So it is la wful fo r the d e fe nda nt to ma ke
.

use o f the pe rso na l a nswe rs o f the plain tiff, to

an
y m a tte r o f d e fe n ce , w he the r by e x ce ptio ns

or b o the r kin d o f a lle a ti o n s wha tso e v e r,

y an
y g
which a re by h imput in A n d it is pro pe r tha t .

the Pro cto r fo r the d e fe n da nt sh o ul d di sse nt a nd

r t st a t t he tim f t ki the fi d cjusso re s fo r
p o e e o a n
g
the pla intiff, in the sa me manne r a s wa s do ne by
the la intiff in the pre c e din g title
p .

TI T 1 5. . The Petiti o n o f the Proctorfor be tter

or more subs ta n tia l secur i ty
O
.

A LTHO UG H fidejusso ry ca utio n ha s be e n put

in o n b o th sid e s, y e t if a ny o f the fidejusso re s
are n o t suffi ci e nt, the Pro cto r fo r the a d v e rse

a rt m m h
p y a
y o bje ct to the , e ith e r a t t e c o nte sta l -

tio n o f th e cla im o r a fte r the co nclusio n of the

ca use , in the se wo rd s :

W he n th e s e curi t
y i s pr ae to r i a n o r udi ci a l, upo n j
the de a th o f o n e o f th e fi d ej u s s o res, o r upo n the e v e n t
of h i s b e c o mi n
g i n s o l v e n t, t h e p ya r t m a y d e m a n d a d
diti o n a l s e curi ty — s e w s , w h e n the s e curity i s co n v e n
tio n a l , v i d I si a b a rbi tr o 1 0
. . ult D ig qui s a ti sd are
. . . .

ten e n t e t A lbe r e t A nge l e t J a s i bide min 8 N o t Vin

. . . . .

cen t de. F
r a n chi s d e ci s 4 80
. . .

[I n th e A d m i r a lty th e y d o n o t ta k e r e c o
g n i z a n c e s ,
be c a us e n o t be i n g a c o urt o f re co rd, a pro hibiti o n w o ul d
lie . Thi s se e ms to b e th e la w a t pre s e n t, th o ugh th e re
ha s b e e n much di spute upo n the s ub e ct j
Se e Zbuch, .

G o do lphi n , a n d Lo r d Ra y n e , 1 2 85 , 1 Bro C iv 8c A d m . . .

36 1 , s a y s th a t the s e cur iti e s o r s tipula ti o n s ta k e n i n the .

Court o f A d mi r a lty , i n the n a ture o f ba i l h a v e n o ri

ori t o v e r s e c i a lty de b ts , n o r d o th e ff t l w
y p y a e c a s o r .

i s t e h e ir b o un d by the m unle s s e x pre s sly me ntio n e d .

but the e x e cuto r i s Tr ] .

-
.
 32 Pra ctice f
o the Court o f A dmira lty

I alle ge tha t N and M fidejusso re s pro

. .

duce d o n the part o f R in this ca use , we re no t

.

no r are sufficie nt, a cco rding to the m a tte r in di s

u t e ; a n d tha t th e sa id fidejusso re s, o r such a

p
p a rticular one , i s co m m o nly he ld a n d re pute d

am h i s ne i hb o urs a n d a cqua in ta nce to be a

on
g g
o or m a n, e spe cia lly a s no t w o rth such a sum
'

o r
p ,

e ven a m uch le ss sumtha n tha t fo r whi ch he i s

b o und T h e r e fo re I p yra t ha t b e tte r a n d m o r e

substa ntia l se c urity be ive n b th d v e rse

g y e a

p y,
a r t o r th a t h e b e ta ke n in to c usto d y u n til s u ch
se curity be
g ive n b
y him
The n the Pro ctor fo r the o ppo site side sha ll
sa
y :
0

I di sse nt a nd pro te st tlk nullity o f this pe .

titi o n , a nd I d e ny the truth o f the a lle gatio n s c o n

ta ine d in it a n d I alle e tha t the fid e usso re s in
g j
be hal f o f my clie nt in this ca use , a re go o d a nd suf
ficie nt, a nd tha t the y are a ble to pa y the a mo unt
o f the sum fo r w hich this c a use h a s be e n insti

tute d , a n d as such th e y a re c o mmo nly a cc o unte d

a n d e ste e m ed Th e re fo re I pray tha t ma y cli
.

e nt b e n o t re quine d to put in a d diti o na l se curit

y
i n this ca use ” .

A ( 1 n o te , th a t a l th o ugh th e fid ej us s o re s put i n by
th e de e n d a n t w e re s ufli ci e n t a t th e time w he n the y w e re
re ce iv e d a s s uch , e t, i f the y a fte r w a r d s b e co me la psi
y
f a c u lt a t i bu s , a s i t 1 8 s a i d a b o v e ,
th e d e fe n d a n t i s b o un d
to gi v e o the r a n d b e tte r s e curity . L ik e w i s e i f the ti de
j u s s o r e s w h o w e r e i n tr o d u ce d a t th e c o m m e n c e m e n t of

th e c a use , ce a s e , d ur in g i ts pe n de n cy , to b e s uffi cie n t,

th e a rty , i n w ho se b e h a lf the y w e re i n tro duce d, o ugh t
p
to gi ve o th e r s .
 On the Insta nce side . 33

TIT 16
. . The decree of the J udge o n the peti tion

Tms ma tte r or que sti o n ,

v iz. whe the r th e
fid ej usso re s a re pro pe r a nd s uffi cie n t o r no t, the
Jud ge o ught a nd h e usua lly d o e s de ci d e upo n
sum ma ry pro of, in o rde r to pre ve nt a ny de lay
of the prin ci pa l ca use a n d furthe r e x e n se to the
p
p a rt ie s, a n d if h e b e a b le to a s c e rta in ixnm e di
ate l b t i C t f
y y an
y p e r so n s p re se n n o u r , ( o r o n
Co urt d a y s me rcha n ts a re usua lly th e re , who a re
e n e ral l a c qua inte d with the circ um t a n ce s o f
g y s

the citi ze ns , a nd o fte n the y a re kno w n to the

J ud ge hi mse lf) he sh a ll o rd e r the pa rty to pro
du ce further a nd more sufficie nt s e c urity by so me
future d a y .But if the pre mise s be n o t pro v e d,
the Jud ge sha ll a ssign a ti m e fo r he a rin his de
g
te rmina tio n .

Trr . 17 . The f m
or of p rov in
g the s
fl
u icienc
y

SUMMA RY a nd no t full o r e x a ct pro o f i s re

q u ire d in s uc h a c a se T h u s , if the part
y a lle
g .

ing th e insufficie ncy o f the fid ejusso re s, pro d uce

.

to the Judge , a ce rtifica te un d e r th e han d o f the

King s Co lle cto r o f the Re v e n ue in tho se pa rts
’

in w hi ch the fidejusso re s d we ll, tha t the y d o no t

pya th e ir ta x e s, o r, a t le a st, n o t a s much a s th e y
are ra te d a t, o r if fro m the ce rtifi ca te o f ho ne st

me n o f the ne ighbo urho o d who a re kno wn to the

Judge , it a ppe a r tha t the se me n a re publickly
held a nd re pute d to be po o r, or, a t le as t, no t
worth a s much as the amo unt fo r which the y a re
34 Pra ctice of the Co urt o
f A dmi ralty

se w mmuch
rity , o r a su le ss th a n th a t fo r w hi ch

the a ction wa s institute d, the Judge sh o uld de

cre e a s a bov e in Title 1 6 . But, o n the co ntra ry,
if the pa rty which pro duce d the fidejusso re s,
sh a ll ro v e in the m a nn e r a b ov e m e nti o ne d , or
p
by a ny o the r kind o f pro o f, tha t his fidejusso ry
ca utio n i s o o d a n d sufficie nt, the n th e a fo re s a id
g
e ti tio n fo r the intro duc tion o f n e w se curit is
p y
to be re fuse d , e ithe r in e x pre ss te rms, o r ta
citl b roce e di ng in a m a nne r co ntra r to it
y y p y .

TI T l 8
. . The securi t
y to be inter o s ed b
p y the

A T the sa me time a n d in the sa me re co rd in

which th e stipula tio n o r re co gniza nce o f the
fidejussore s wa s take n , a s in Title 1 2 the pr in .

ci a l ar t t rs into an o bli a tio n to a sim il

p p y e n e
g a r

e ffe ct with tha t fo r w hic h the fid ejus so re s a re

bo und , a nd al so to ind e mnify the m a ga inst the .

co n se que nce o f the ir se curi ty . A nd thi s ca uti o n

o f the rinci a l a rty o u ht to be ta ke n in d o u
p p p g
ble the a mo unt o f the fidejussory c a utio n,
lea st, in a gre a te r sum tha n tha t in which the y
ar e bo un d , a t the di scre tio n o f the Jud e
g .

A F TER the ex hibiting a n d intro d ucti o n o f th e

fid ejusso ry ca uti on , hinc inde , to the e ffe ct spe
cifie d in Title 1 2 the Pro cto r fo r the la intif
“

.
p
sh a ll sa
y
I giv e y o u a libe l a nd pra y d e cre e fo r pro
ce e din
g i n a plai n a-
n d summ ar y m a nn e r
”
.
 On the b uta ne ? side . 35

As a ll civil a nd maritime ca use s are su mma

ry, * the mo de o f pro ce e din g is the sa me as in
Eccle siastic a l ca se sd v iz the re is to be a de cre e '
.

for the a ppe ara nce o f the principa l pa rty ; a

p ro b a to r
y te rm is to be lim ite d o r a ssi ne d : the
g
rin ci a l is to be d u ce d : the wi tne sse s a re
p p pro

to be bro ught into C o urt : a co mm i ssio n fo r the

e xa m ina tio n o f Witne sse s is to be issue d, if the y
are within the K i ngdo m, o r, if the y are no t, a
co m missi o n sub mutuce v icissitudini s, fro m the
mutua l ai d gra nte d by diffe ren t juri sdi ctio ns fo r
the furthe ra n ce o f justice : tha t co mm is sio n is to
he pro ce e de d in a n d duly ce rtifie d : the publi
ca tio n o f th e te tim on
y i s to be ra e d a n d d e
p y
s
.

cre e d : a n d fin a lly , the co urse o f pro ce e di n s

g
until pro n o uncing the final se nte nce is to be the
sa m e a s in the Ec cle si a sti c a l Co urts with the
.

e x ce tio ns whi ch sh a ll he re a fte r be sho wn

p .

Summa ti m, b re v ité r a c dc pla n e ci tri s trepitum

fore n s e m, l e v a to v e lo , i e a pe rto o s t , cm v e lum s o le
. .

ba t pre te n d i Lo cc Lib 3 c 1 1 S 2 W e lw o o d Ti t 5
. . . . . . . . .

Ca us a ma tura n d a o b na v i a ndi n e ce s si ta te mh cuj us

i c ulum e s t in mo r a Lo c c L ib 3 c 1 1 2
per . . . . . . .

M a x i me i n c a ns i s d e s ub me r s i s n a v ibus a ut n
gii s . C o d 1 1 .5 5 L
. o cc .L ib 3 c 1 1 2 .O f w re ck o r . . . . .

Spo il W e lw Tit 5 -f 5 3
. . . . . .

I n so much th a t th e y n e e d n o t put up th e ir pe ti ti o n s in
wri tin g . W e lm Ti t 5 f 5 4 . . . . .

In A d mi ra lita ts Ho lla n d ia: d upli ca n o n e st liti ga nti

bus e rmi s s e Lo cc Li b 3 c 1 1 2
p . . . . . . .

I n li quidi s d e li cti s N a uti ci s s umma ri e e t e x e cutiv e

d m L L i b
°

pr o ce e n d u e r u r a S ue c i e o c c 3 c 1 1 2 . . . . . .

t V i d C l
.e r r a c i n c a n s i s E c c T i t 6 1 5 8 8 0 76 . . . . . .

62 9 7 9 5 96 7 1 & c 2 2 1 pe r O ughto n um
.

.
. . . . . . .
36 Pra ctice f
o the Co ur t of A dmiralty

A n mrro lvs ' -

ro Tm : 1 9 .

[ A r u n PR B A TO R O Y i
, s sa id to be tha t ti me , or

de la y w hi ch w a s giv e n to the pla intiff whe re in h e

might pro v e what he ple a ds o r sue th fo r ; n or
ha s the pla intiff the so le o r a b so lute be ne fit o f i t
fo r the d e fe n da nt may li ke wise ma ke use o f this
te rm if th e pla intiff re no unce it
,
.

N o w pro o fs a re sa id to be tw o fo ld in re spe c t ,

o fth e m a tte r in co ntro v e rsy O ne so rt o f pro o f .

h a s re la tio n to the ma tte rs o f fa ct, the o th e r h a s

re la tio n to the m a tte rs o f la w w hich occ ur

the re in ; a n d this la tte r so rt o ught to be ma de by

the la ws , c usto m s , c a no ns , &c So me tim e s di .

re c tly , so m e ti me s by a rgum e nt M a s ca r dus d e .

p ro ba v o l 1 9 4 3. e
. scm b i n
.
pa ratit ff d c . . W . . .

p ro ba e t
p re s n 2 . . . .

Mos t evid ent, whi ch a re w itn e s s e s , i n

s uch a s a r e by i n ma de s tr u me n ts , i . e
s tr um
.

e n ts o f un d o ubte d w ri ti n gs , co n fe s
cre di t , 8m . s i o n , e v i d e n ce o f

E v i d e nt a n d cl e a r , o r the fa c t, a n o a t h ,
full pr o o f w h i ch ma k e s a ju st
p re s u mp
Pn o o r s so m uch a s s e rv e s to d e ti o n , fa me
"
o r n u
m
,

w h t ch h a v e te r i n e the s uit ; a n d . d o ubte d c ir cu m

r e la ti o n to thi s i s d o n e e ithe r by L s ta n ce s .

th e fa ct a re
s a i d to b e . or
e i th e r
L es s fi w hi chevi d e nt on e w i tn e s s , a
ma ke s o me pro of o f the p r i v a te b o o k , o r

ma tte r, b ut n ot s o much w ri ti n g , a me a n ,
a s w i ll gr o un d a s e n r e a s o n a b le , o r i n
te n ce upo n ; th i s i s ma d e
l
diffe re n t pre
by L p
s u m ti o n .

D e h isce prob apud Lin d vide a s t d ej ur e jur e Pre sbyte ri Se ct

. . . . . . .

qu o d S i v e rb
pro ba ti o ne s .

m
.

1 M a s car d d e p ro. b v o l 1 qu e s t .4 n 1 6 U m i
.u a d i sp 1 5.t h. 1 a l
. e . .

ubi 3 e t i n tra ct pre s um

. .
p t
.i o n i n p r i n
par 3 n 2 W .e s e m b in f f
. d c . . . . . . .

pro b .
p re s n 4 .u b i .
p l e ne d e h i s
pro b a tio n di vi si o n i bu s r e pe ri as . .

Spe culator tit de prob se ct vide ndum

. . . .
 On the Instan ce s i de
.
. 37

Co nunis sions Submutuce Viciss itudini s , or Le t

BY the La w o f Natio ns, the Co urts o f J us

tic e o f diffe re nt co untri e s a re bo und to be mu
tu a lly a idi ng a nd a ssi sting to ea ch o the r fo r the
furthe ra nc e o f justice He nce , whe n the te sti
.

mo ny o f witne sse s w ho re side a broa d is noce s

sa r
y in a ca use , the C o o r T mri bu na l w h e re th e
a c tio n is pe ndin g m a y se nd to the Co urt or Tri
,

b un al withi n w ho se jurisdictio n the w itne sse s re

si d e , a w rit pa te nt o r clo se , a s the y m a y think

ro e r
p p . T he y, a re usua ll
y ca lle d le tters ra a
g
to r y, b ut o ur a utho r he re de no m i na te s the m
s ub m utuw mcis s i tudi m s, fro m a cla use w hi ch
th e y ge ne ra lly co nta in By tha t instr ume nt the
.

Co urt a bro a d is informe d that a ce rtain claim 1s

e n din i n which the te tim ony o f ce rta in wi t
p g s
ne s se s w ho re si de w ithin i ts jurisdictio n 1 8 re quit

e d , a nd it is re ques te d to ta ke the ir de o sitio n s

p
o r c a use the m to be ta ke n, in d ue co ur se a n d
fo rm o f la w fo r the furthe rance o f justi ce a nd
sub m utuaa v icis si tudini s obten tu : tha t is wi th a n
offe r o n the a rt o f the Co urt m a kin g the re que st
p
to d o the like fo r the o the r in a simila r ca se If .

the s e Le tte rs Ro a to r a re re ce iv e d b a n infe ri

g y y .

o r J ud e , he ro ce e d s to ca ll the witne sse s be fo re

g p
him by the pro ce ss co mmo nly e mplo y e d wi thin
,

hi s j urisdictio n, e x a m ine s the mon i nterro ga torie s

or ta ke s the ir de o sitio ns, as the ca se m a
y b e
p ,

Vid . the fo r m o f Lette rs Ro ga to ry in Cle rk e

’
s E cc .

Pra c Ti t 1 67 p 2 36
. . . . .
38 Pra ctice of the C o urt of A dmira lty

a nd the pro ce e di ngs b eing file d i n the Re gistry

o f h is C o urt, a uth e ntic k c o pie s the re o f, d uly ce r

ti fie d , a re tra ns mitte d to the Co urt a ‘

quo , a nd a re

le ga l e vide nce in the c a use If the le tte rs a re

.

dire cte d to a C o urt o f s upe rio r jurisdi ctio n, the y

a ppo int a n e xa m ine r o r c o mm issio ne rs for th e
urpo se o f e x e cuting the m a nd the pro ce e d
p
i ngs a re file d a nd re turne d i n the sa m e m a nne r .

S uch is the ma nne r in which the Co urts o f

th o se co untrie s o f E uro pe w hich are go v e rn e d
by th e Civil La w, pro cee d with re ga rd to e a ch
o the r . In fo rme r time s, e v e n the C o urts o f
Co mmo n La w 111 Engla nd a v a ile d the mselv e s o f
thi s privile ge of ca lling po n the Co urts o f o the r
u
c o untrie s fo r th e ir a s si sta nce Th us , in the
.

re ign o f Ed ward I in a n a cti o n o f tre spass fo n a

.

ship a nd ca rgo , Le tters Rogato ry i ssue d fro mth e

C o urt where the actio n wa s pe n ding di re cte d to
the Co unt o f Ho lla nd , re que sti ng him to c a use
a n inque st to be tak e n by go o d a nd la wful m en o f

h i s o wn c o untry , to a s ce rta in wha t go o ds, wa re s,

and m e rch a ndize s ha d be e n shi
pp e d o n b o a rd
the ve sse l i n que stio n 1 R0 A b 5 30 pl 1 3
. . . . . . .

By the Judicia ry A ct, (La ws U S v o l 1 p . . . . .

47) the mo de o f proo f b o ra l te sti m o ny a nd

y
f w itne sse s i n o pe n Co urt, i s the
sa m e in a ll the C o urts o f the Unite d Sta te s, a s

we ll i n the tri a l o f ca use s in e quity a n d o f a dm i

ra lty a nd m a ritim e jurisdi ctio n, a s o f a ctio ns a t

Co mmo n La w W he n the te stimo ny o f a ny

.

e rso n is ne ce ssa ry in a civil ca use de e n d in i n

p p g
o ne o f the se Co urts, w h o liv e s a t a re a te r dis
g
ta nce fro m the pla ce o f trial than o ne hund re d
 On the Insta nce si de . 39

m ile s, is b ound o n a v oy a ge to se a , o r is a bo ut
or

to go o ut o f the Unite d Sta te s, o r o ut o f the Dis

tric t i n w hich the C o urt is he ld , a n d to a gre a te r
dis ta n ce tha n o ne h un dre d mile s, be fore the time
o f tria l, or if he be a ncie nt a n d infirm ,
hi s de po
siti o u m a
y b e ta ke n dc be ne e s se be fo re a ny J ud e
g
o r Justi ce o f the Unite d Sta te s o r be fo re a n
‘
,
y
Cha nc e llo r Justice , o r Judge o f a S upre me or
,

Supe rio r Co urt, Ma y o r, or Chie f Ma gistra te of

a Ci t , o r Jud e o f a Co unt
y g y C o urt o r Co urt o f

C o mmo n Ple a s o f a ny o fthe Unite d State s But .

the pe rs o n be fo re w ho m th e de po siti o n is ta ke n,
“

must no t be o f c o un se l or a tto rne y to e ithe r o f

'

th e pa r tie s, n o r in te re ste d in the e v e nt o f the

c a use . In such ca se s it is ne ce ssa ry tha t the re
be a no tifica tio n fro m the Ma gistra te be fo re
wh o mthe de po sitio n is to be ta ke n to the a dv e rse
p ya rt to a tt e nd a nd
p ut inte rro a to rie s if he
g
think fit Thi s must be se rve d o n the party o r
.

his a ttorne y , a s e ithe r may be n e a re r, if e ithe r

be wi thin o ne h un dre d mile s o f the pla ce o f such
‘

ca ptio n, a llo wing tim e for the ir a tte nda n ce a f .

te r b e in g no tifie d , no t le ss th a n a t the ra te o f
one da y , Sunda y s e x clusiv e , fo r e v e ry twe nty
mile s tra v e l .

In ca use s o f A dmira lty a nd maritime jurisdis

tio n, o r o ther ca se s o f se izure , whe n a libe l is
file d , in which a n a dv e rse p a rty is not na me d ,
and the de po sitio ns o f pe rso ns in th e circum

sta nce s ab o v e de scribe d, a re take n be fo re a

clai m has be en put in, thi s n otifica tio n i s to be
ive n to the rso n who ha s the a ge ncy o r po s
g p e
se ssio n o f the r o e rty libe lle d a t the tim e o f the
p p
ca pture o r se izure , i f kno wn to the libe llan t .
40 Pra ctice of the Cour t o f A dmira lty

a mine d a nd ca uti o ne d , a nd s wo rn o r a ffi r me d to

te stify the w h ole truth . The te sti mo ny must be
re d uce d to writi ng o nly by the Ma gistra te , or

the de po ne nt in his pre se nce , a n d must be s ub

scribe d by the la tte r The de po sitions a re to be
.

re ta ine d by the Ma gistra te until he sha ll de liv e r

it with his 0 wn ha nd into the Co urt fo r which

the y we re ta ke n, o r the y must be sca le d up to
the Ma gis tra te , with the re as o n s o f
ta ke n, a n d o fthe no tice , if an y , whi ch
m
ha s be e n giv e n, a nd re ain unde r hi s se a l until .

o e ne d in Co urt A e rso n m a b e co m e l
p .n
y p y p
le d to a ppe ar a nd te stify be fo re a Ma gistra te in
the sa m e ma nne r a s h e m ight b e co mpe lle d to
a ppea r in C o urt fo r the m ur o se
p p .

In the trial o f a ny ca use o f A d m iralty a n d

ma ritime jurisdiction, from the de ci sion of wh i ch
it is la wful to a ppe a l, if e ithe r party sa tisfy the
C o urt, tha t pro ba bly it will n o t be in his po we r
to pro d uce th e wi tne sse s wh o are the re te stify
ing, b e fo re the Circuit Co urt sho uld a n a ppea l
be ha d , and mo ve tha t the ir te stimo ny be ta ke n
d o wn in w ri ting, it is do ne by the Cle rk o f the
C o urt . Thi s te sti mo ny may be use d o n the tria l
,

o f the a ppe a l, if it a ppe a r to the sa tisfa ctio n o f

the Co urt, tha t the witne sse s a re then de a d o r

o ne o ut o f th e Unite d Sta te s, o r to a e a te r
g g r

d ista n ce tha n o ne hund red m ile s fro mthe plac e

w he re the Co urt is sitting, o r tha t by re a so n o f
a e , si ckne ss, bo dily i nfirm m
,

g ity o r im pr iso n
,
e n t ,

the y are una ble to tra vel a nd a ppe ar a t Co urt,

a n d not otherwi se The Co urts of the Unite d
.

S ta te s ha ve full po we r to grant a dedim us po tas

 On the Insta nce s ide . 41

to tem to ta ke de po siti ons a ccordin

g to co on mm
usa e
g , m
whe n it a y be ne ce ssa ry to pre v e nt a
fa ilure or d e lay o f justice The Circuit Co urt,
.

in th e sa me m a nne r a s a Co urt o f e quity , a cco rd

i g to the usa ge s in cha nce ry ma y dire ct de po si
n
tio n s i n pe rpe tua l ) : r e i m em or i a m to be ta ke n a s

to ma tte rs which a re c o niza ble in an Co urts o f

g y
the U nite d Sta te s .

It i s to be re gre tte d tha t the princi ple o f the

Civil La w with re spe ct to Le tte rs Roga tory , ha s
no t b e e n intro d uce d into o ur
p ra cti ce. C o mr

missio n s o f ded imus po tes ta tem a re li a ble to

g j
re a t o b e cti o n s . I t i s so m e tim e s difficult to
p ro

c ure th e na m e s o f co m missio ne rs and whe n the y

a re o b ta i ne d , it is o fte n im p o ssi ble to re v a il u o n
p p
the m to a ct . They ha v e no po we r to co mpe l
the a tte n da nce o f witne sse s, a nd a s th e y ra re ly
re ce iv e a co m e nsa tio n fo r the ir se rvice s, th e
p y
do n o t care much a bo ut a tte ndin the mse lv e s
g .

Thus the re turn o f the co mmissio n is pro tra cte d,

the A tto rn e y is una ble to a cco unt fo r the de la y ,
his O ppo ne nt i s o rde re d to pre ss fo r a trial, a nd
an h o ne st cre di to r i s fre ue ntl d i ve d o f a
q y e pr

j u st c la i m. T h i s i s f a r fr o m b e in
g a n e x a
gg e

rate d
p ic t ure . W e m a
y a d d that the witne sse s

ro se c ute d for e ury be fore the tri

ca nn o t be
p p rj
ba na ls o f the ir o wn co untry , n o r, while the y re
main the re , ca n they be pro se cute d i n tha t i n
whi ch the c a use was trie d . It o fte n ha ppe ns ,
to o , tha t th e c o nstitute d a uthoritie s o f the pla ce ,
c nsid e r the se co m m issio n s a s a n e ncroa chm e nt
o
u o n the ir urisdiction, and re fuse to m i h em
p j p e r t t
to be e x e c ute d Insta nce s o f this kind ha ve
.

so m e tim es h a
pp e n e d i n ca s e s o f c o m m i s sio n s
G
42 P ra ctice f
o the Court of A dmiral ty

w hich h a ve be e n issue d by the Co urts of the

Unite d Sta te s, the co mm issio ners ha ving be e n
thre a te ne d wi th punishme nt if the y pro ce e de d

to a ct un de r th e m .

The se an d inco nv en ie nce s ha ve be e n

othe r

se n sibl y f e lt b y p r a c titio n e rs , w ho h a v e lo n
g
wishe d tha t so me thing mo re e ffe ctua l for the
a dv a nc e m e nt o fj ustice we re intro d uce d in to o ur

ra ctice I n m o re m o de rn tim e s he
t p r a c ti c e o f
p .

issuing Le tte rs Ro ga tory ha s falle n into di sus e

in the Engli sh C o urts o f C om mo n La w a nd com
missio ns o f Dedimus potes ta tum ha v e o fle re d a
' '

fe e ble substitute But, howe ve r, it ma y be with

.

re spe ct to the C o urts o f Co m i no n La w, wh o se

rac tice d o e s n o t pr o pe rly fall within the s c o e

p p
o f o ur re se nt i n quiry , th e prin ciple is full
p y
e sta blishe d in En gla nd, tha t Co urts o f A d m ir a lty
in diffe re nt c o untrie s a re to be m utually a idi n
g
a nd a ssisting to e a c h o the r, a nd are e ve r b o un d
to e x e c ute the judgm e nts o f e ach o th e r The .

re a so n whi ch is i v e n , i s that the ll d

g y a
p r o c e e

by the sa me sy ste m o f j uri sprude nce , the Civ il

La w . 1 Vent 32 1 R0 A br 5 30 1 Le v 2 67
. . . . . . .

1 Sid 4 1 8 2 Ke b 5 1 1 6 1 0 1 Sho w 1 43 2
. . . . . . .

Sho w 2 32 Skin 5 9 B a ym 473 2 M Ba ym

. . . . . . . .

Da nv a br 2 6 5
. . .

He nc e it fo llo ws, tha t Le tte rs Ro ga to ry , o r a

Co mmissi o n sub muta te v icis si tud inis , may iss ue
fro ma n A dmira lty Co urt in the Unite d Sta te s , to
a C ourt o f the sa m e na ture a bro a d , fo r the u
p r
o se o f ta kin th e d e o sitio ns o f witnes se s, or
p g p
e v e n o f e x e cutin h e ir o wn ud m
g t j g e n t s ; a n d it
a e ars a lso to fo llo w , tha t if Le tte rs Ro a to r
pp g y
co m e from a C o ur t or Tribuna l o f a fo re i n
g
 On the I nstance side . 43

co w h y , d ire cte d
'
as the y usually a re , to the
Judge of a
p p la ce , w itho ut a n
arti cular y d e s
g i
na tio n, the District Jud e , ha vin A dm i a lt u
g g r yj
ris dictio n i s the ro e r e rso n to ca use the m to
p p p
be co m p li e d wi th T r ] .
-
.

to an swer the a lle

g f
a tions o the Libel, if the de

A LTHOUG H e v e ry o rigina l w arran t or ma n da te

conta ins a n arre st o f th e e rs o n o f the d e fe n d
p
ant, e t t h d o r a s it i s ca lle d th e r
y e e c re e , e p ,

so n al w a rra nt to the i n i l a rt , to a ns we r
p r c p p y
a

the ch a r e s c o m rize d in the li be l o u ht to co n

g p g ,

ta in o nly a cita tion, like the de cre e to the prin

ci a l a rty in E ccle sia stica l ca uses B u t if t h
p p . e

de fe n da nt a bsco nd so tha t a cita tion ca nno t be

,

se rve d u o n him e rso na ll it i s to be c e rtifie d

p p y ,

by the m an da to ry him se lf in pe rs o n u o n o a th,

p
or b th ti k t ifi t a s in Eccle sia sti
y a n a u e n c ce r ca e

cal ca use s . A nd a de cree is to be pra y e d a nd

.

p as se d i n m a nn e r a n d fo r m a
g a i n st th e p r in c i p a l
ve m i i
p y
a rt to t
h e e ffe c t a b o e n t o n e d ,
v z to a
p .

p e ar o n a c er ta i n co m p e te n t d a
y a t t h e
p le a s u r e
of the Jud e U t h e re turn o f this cita to ry
g .
p o n
manda te , if the de fe ndant do not a ppe ar, a de
”
"

cree a ains t the fide u s sore s is to be pra e d di

g j y ,

re ctin th e m to r o duce the bo dy f th rin

g p p e p

[ 5
Thi s ac ti e se e
c ms to be co n tra ry to the C ivil
La w , wh i re qu re s
i th a t the go o d s o f the a b s co n di n
pe rs o n be s e i ze d be fo re a de cre e ca n b e pa s s e
sh o uld
a i nst the fi de uss ore s
j D id L i b 4 2 T i t 4 l 2
a
g
-
. . . . . . . .

i bus emca usi s i n p oss ess i on em e a tur Tr ] .

-
.
 Pra ctice o f the Co urt f A dmira lty
‘

44 o

cipal unde r p a in o f the pe na lty into whi ch the y

h a v e e nte re d .

Ye t it is u s u a l fo r th e J u d g e , a t le a st in th e c a u

se s o f p o o r e o
p p , le i f th e d e f e n d a n t ca nn o t b e

cite d a g a i n s t t h e d a
y m e n ti o n e d in th e c ita t o r
y
man d a t e , b e c a u se h e i s c o n c e a le d ,
t o d e cr e e t h a t
h
t e fi d e
j u ss o r e s be c a l le d b y a c e r t a in co m p e t e n t
day, to p r o d u c e th e b o d y o f t h e p ri n c i l
p p y
a a r t
fo r th e a f o re s a i d p pu r o s e s u n d e r p a in o f th e ir

sti ula tion by a c erta in d ay , w hi ch i s to be as

p
i
s g n e d a t t h e p le a su re o f th e J u d g e .

T IT . 2 1 . The ma nner of executin

g the f
a ore

sa i d Wa rra nt viis e t mo di s .

T11 11 mandato ry g sh a ll o to the accusto me d

p l a ce o f re sid e n ce o f the a rt
p y w h o is sue d , a n d

sh a ll cite hi m e rso n a lly , if o ssible B ut i f h e

p p .

c a nno t a
pp re he n d him , he m a
y s e r v e th e c ita tio n
in this ma nne r 3 he shall a dix it Upo n the d o o r o f
hi s ho use , o r upon the ga te s o fthe Pa rish chur c h
o n a do m inica l da y o r d uring the une mplo y e d
,

time o f divine se rvice ; o r if the de fe nda nt be a

me rchant o f Lo ndo n, o r have no ce rta in do mi
cil, he m a y aflix it u o n the ub li ck Ro al Ex
p p y
ch a nge , whe re a gre a t cro wd o f m e rcha nts i s

a c custo m e d to re s o rt A nd the o fficer i s

.

bo und to adi x a true co py o f thi s kind o f cita

to ry ma ndate a t the do
a s we ha ve sa id .

be co nce ale d, so th a t the y ca nno t be cite d to

the fo re go ing e ffe cts, a de cree vii s et m odi s i s to

be pa s se d a gai nst the m, follo wing the ma nne r

 On the Insta nce s ide . 45

a ndfo rm a s ha s be e n be fo re d ire cte d , a ain st

g
the rin ci a l whe n he a bsc o nd s
p
p .

A nmri o Ns
'
TO TI TLE 2 1 .

[ A n d t h i s it i s w hich i s c a lle d ci ta t io ! m s a t
mod i s, o r ci ta tio publica , a public cita tio n, be
ing e x e cute d e ithe r by publick e dict ( a co py
the re o f be ing a ffix e d to the d o o r s o f the h o use
w he re the d e fe ndan t dw e lls, o r the d o o rs o f the
ch urch wi thin w h o se Pa ri sh h e inha bits ) o r ( a s

my a utho r te lls me ) by publica tio n in the church

in time o f divi ne se rvice ; o r per ca m p a n a m , th e

tolli ng o f a be ll ; or per tuba m, the so unding o f

a trum e t ; e t c ea illi erectio nem T
'

p
‘
h i s b in
g
e
.

do ne , a ce rtifica te must be ma d e o f the pre mi se s,

a nd the cita tio n bro u ht into C o urt ( as is e v e n
g
no w m e ntio ne d ) a n d if th e pa rty cite d a e ar
pp
not, the pla intiff s Pro cto r must a ccuse his co n
’

m
tu a cy , ( he be ing first thre e tim e s calle

crie r o f th e Co urt) a nd in pe na lty o f s uch h i s

contum a c , he m u st re que st tha t h e m a b e ex

y y
co m munica te d Cons Pra c p
. . . .

TH .22 The Peti tion of the P roc tor fo r the

.

fi;
Pla i ntz wh e n the d
fi j
e u s s or e s o n th e
pa r t of
the defenda nt being m onished to br in
g in the

ri nci a l, neither a pea r them s elve s, no r ha v e

p p p
himfor thco ming .

'
THE Pro cto r fo r the pla intiff shall sa y

I e x hibit o ur ina l m
o ri a n da te , to e the r
y g g
with a ce rtifica te ind o rse d , (o r, to the e x e cuti o n
46 Pra ctice of the Cour t o
f A dmir al ty

o f w h ich t he m a nd a to ry he re
pre se nt in Co urt

ma ke th o a th) a nd I accuse o f co ntuma cy X and

Y, the fidejusso re s o n the part o f the d e fe n da nt
w ho we re o rde re d to pro d uce himin Co urt this
da y , to a nswe r, in pe rso n, the po sitio ns which are
co ntai ne d in th e libe l o the rwise to a e
pp ar
p er

so na ll h e re thi s d a y , by pro ducing the rin

y p
ci a l party to a bid e the a fo re sa i d e ffe cts, a cco rd
p
ing to th e sti pula ti o n by the minte rpo se d ; o r to
sh o w ca use w hy th e y sh o uld n o t b e d e clare d to

h a v e incurre d this fo rfe iture o r pe nal stipula

tio n ‘
. ‘Vhe re fo re I pray tha t the y may be de
cre e d co ntum a cio us, a nd in
p ain o f the i r co utu

ma cy tha t the y be de cla re d to ha ve incurre d thi s

fo rfe iture ; a nd I pra y tha t the y be o rd e re d to
sta n d co m mitte d until the sa id fo rfe iture shall be
”
a id
p .

The n the Marsh al is to make publick pro cla

ma tion fo r the a fo re sa id fidej usso re s, an d upo n
the ir fa ilure to a ppe a r the y a re to be pro no un c
,

c d co ntum
'

a ci o us, in a in whe re o f the h v e ih

p y a

c urre d th e fo rfe iture a n d are to be c o m mitte d

until it is pai d Y e t thi s is to be no te d, tha t it
.

is n o t usua l fo r the Judge , altho ugh h e doe s po s

se ss the po we r, to pa s s this de cre e o n the first

da y a ppo inte d fo r the appe a ra n ce o f the fid e

usso re s ; but to w a it o ne o r tw o Co urt da y s a n d
j
to co ntin ue the ir a ppe a ra n ce If thi s be d o ne ,
.

the Pro c to r fo r the pla intiff sho uld ta ke ca re ,

th a t th e ce rtifica te o f th e wa rra nt intro d uce d by
the fid ej usso re s be a lso c o ntinue d, in o rde r tha t,

D i g Lib 2
. . . Tit 8
. . c . 2 . ult
.
Q ui sa ti s da re co g a n
tur,
 On the Insta nce s ide . 47

if o n the sa m e d ay the fidej usso re s do no t o be y

the ma nd a te , (tha t is, if they fa il to ha v e the
rin ci a l part fo rth co m i n ) he m a i mme dia te l
p p y g y y
cha r e the m with co ntum a cy a nd pra y a s be
g
fo re * A n d no te d that if th e prin cipa l party
.
“

sh o uld a e a r within o ne o r an o the r da y ( intr a

pp
un um a ut a l ter um die m) a fte r the inte rpo sitio n
of the d e cre e a ain st the fid e usso re s tha t the y
g j
the pe na lty o f the ir stipula tio n,
and a re a bo ut to be co m mitte d, a nd be fo re tha t
de cre e h as be e n e x e cute d upo n the m, the Judge
may mode ra te the pe na lty o r fo rfe iture , no twith
sta n din
g hi s d e cre e f :
l B u t it mu st be d o ne in

such a ma nn er tha t a a rt o f the s umthus m o

p

Vi d C la rk e ’
s Prex . in C a n s . E cc . Ti tle 7 0 pe r .

Ough to n um
W
.

1
'
h n a e o n h ti u l a t d n y thi n u n d a n y
p
g
e
p r s a s s e a e r
certa in n a lty , a s , i f w i thin a ce rta in ti me e s h a ll n o t
p e

p r o d u ce a d e fe n d a n t ,
o r i f t h a t t i m e b e i n
g e l a p s e d t h e
e n a lty sh a ll be fo rfe i t e d , J us tin i a n s ti ll re li e v e s th e
p
.

il dej us s o r s o fa r a s no t to e x a ct th e e n a lty imme di a t

p
but a fte r a ce r ta i n ti me , w ith in w ln c h he ma y purge
de lay , by ro d ucin g th e de fe n d a n t, o r by ma k in g d e
p
fence fo r h i m F a r i n c o a rs 1 r o m cr i m i n a ses
a
p g . .
. . . .

34 n 1 35 G wddwus i n
. . . 1 2 D i g es t d c Ve r b S i g n if
. . . .

V l n u 1 2 P er e z l e ct i n Co d d e fid ej us s n 1 8 .

Whi ch he co uld n o t o t erw i s e o bta in , b e ca us e ,re gula rly ,

. . . . . .
. . .

no e x cus e n o r s ubte rfu e w ill a v a i l to re v e n t the fo r

g
feiture o f th e pe n a lty o n th e d a y pr e s cri e d by the o bli
s a ti on
; n o r i s th e r e a n y n e ce s s i ty for fu rth e r i n te r p o s
i n or m i ti w h t h t d b i d d d th t
g o n o n , e n ,
a a y e n g a e , e p y
a r
1 8 s uffi cie n tl
y j u s tifi e d i n re q ui r i n g th e f u lfi lm e n t o f th e

Za s a d I si i ns u la mD ig de Ver b Oblig
. . . . .

the s e curi ty i s Pr ae to r i a n P r e t
. o r i a n S t i

l s a n ci mus Co d .
.

M o n t li b 1 6 . . .

Ver b n u 2 1 . . .
48 P ra ctice o f the Court o f A dmi ralty

de ra te d b e
gi v esh a ll
n to th e
p la i ntiff o n a c c ount ,
o f the de la y a n d th e e x
pe n se s o f his ca use .

TH . 23 . The pe ti tion of the fidej ussores if they

ea r o n the da y appo in te d fo r them to bring
a
pp ,

i n the pr incipa l pa r ty .

A c ri o Ns which a re in stitute d in the Co urt of

'

A dmi ra lty a r e ge ne ra lly be twe e n me rcha nts,

,

a s w e ll fo re ign a s do m e stick, a n d m a s te rs a n d

ma rin e rs Th e re fo re if the principal pa rty , for

.

th e a
pp e a r a n ce o f w ho m th e fide us so re s are
j
s um m o n e d ,
be ab se n t f ro m th e ki n
gd o m a t th e

time w h e n he sho ul d be pro d uce d , the fl d ll S

so re s a re b o un d to a ppe a r in o rde r to p ur ge

the mse lv e s o f co n tuma cy , by sta tin g the c a u se

o f the im p e di me n t, a s the a b se n ce or illne s s o f

th e prin cipal a n d ho ldi ng the mse lv e s re a dy a n d

,

willin g to bring him in , o n so me future c o mpe

te n t d a y to be a s signe d by the Judge A n d if
‘
.

th e y ma ke o a th o f the truth o f this al le ga tio n fi "

th e Judge ought, an d he usua lly d o e s, a ppo int

so me future d ay fo r the fid ej us so re s to b ring in

the prin cipal fo r th e a fo re s ai d e ffe ct a c co rd ing ,

to th e dista n ce o f the re si d e n c e o f the prin

ci al
p .

A t this da y the Pro cto r fo r the pla intiff o ught

to pra y , a s a bo v e , a co ntin ua tio n o f the c e rti fi
ca te by him al re a dy file d a ai n st the a fo re s a i d
g
fidejus so re s, tha t if the y do no t s urre n de r th e
rin ci al o n th a t d a y , h e ma , in a i f th e ir
p p y p n o
co ntuma cy , d e ma n d tha t the y be ro n o un c e d
p

V i d F a rin a c Pr a x Cri min pa r 1 qu 34

. . . . . . . . nu . 1 47 .
 On the I nsta nce s ide . 49

to h a v e inc urre d the pe na lty o f the ir stipula tio n,

as a bo v e , Tit . 22 . A lso the Pro ctor fo r the
lai n tiff m a y , er a bunda nti a n d fo r t u
p gr e a e r ca

tio n , pra y the Jud ge tha t he a d mo ni sh the

fi d e
uss o res , w he n the h e titio ne d a n d al le e d
j y a ve
p g
a s be fo re me ntio ne d , to a e a r o n the afo re said
pp
d ay , w hi ch w a s a ssigne d to bring in the prin ci
al , th a t the m he a r th e m se l v e s d e clare d to
p y a y
ha v e in c urre d the fo rfe iture , pro vide d the y d o
no t
p r o d uce th e
p r in c i a
p , l in w h i c h c a s e t h e s um
o f fo rfe iture m a y be a s se d , in i f th e i
p pa n o r

co ntuma c , e v e n tho u h th e a fo re sai d ce rtific a te

y g
sho ul d no t h a v e b e e n co ntin ue d .

A n d h e re tw o th ings a re to b e n ote d ; first,

th a t if the pla intiff or hi s pro cto r sho uld s uspe ct
th a t th e fi dej il ss or es d e ma n d a de li be ra to ry time
to pro d uce the prin cipal , fo r th e purpo se o f d e
la yi ng the c a use , a n d tha t o n the da y a ssign e d
for b ringin g him in , the y inte n d to a lle ge o the r
friv olo us re a so n s to o btai n a se co n d d e la y o r
re s ite fo r brin ing himin , o r e v e n the n to pra y
p g
a co m mi ssion to fo reign or dista nt parts fo r his
exa m ina tio n ; he ma y , o n the first da y o f the a p
e ara nc e o f th e fi dej us so res , w he n th e y pra y a
"

p
delibe rato ry time to pro d uce the principa l, call
u on th e Jud ge to co m
p pe l the m , a t th a t t im e ,
to
hav e the b e n e fit o f a co mmissio n to fo re ign pa r ts
l c e s a t a di sta nce fi o m the C o urt, fo r the
‘
or a
p
e x am ina tio n o f the sa id d e fe n d a nt, un de r pa in
of be in d e riv e d o f tha t privile ge a t a future
g p .

tim e A d t h J u d c f r t h e
p r e v e n ti o n o f d e
. n e
g , o
lay, ha s the po we r a nd is a ccustome d thus to
decre e .
50 Pra ctice f
o the Court o
f A dmira lty

Secondly , th e ,
Judge for f
ca use o r
o r fa v o u r ,

may dm a it a P r o cto r t o a
pp e a r f o r th e
fi j
d e u s

sores , w ho m y sta te t h e re a s o n s w hi c h h a v e

t d th r an c e o f th e
p rin c ip a l a n d
pre v e n e e a pp e a ,

a
pp e a ra nce o f p the p rinci a l, in if h
o rde re tha t
d o n o t a
pp e a r ,
t h e J u d ge m a y p ro no un ce h is

de cr e e a s a b o v e ,
w hi c h c o uld n o t be d o ne i f th e

ce rtific a te ha d be e n di sco ntinue d .

TH . 24 . The pro duction f

o the principa l a nd

the punishme nt to be in icted upo n hi m if he

fl
refuse to s ub i t to a n ex a m
ina tion under m

I F the principa l be ing cite d , sho uld a ppe ar to

a nswe r the charge s co ntaine d in the libe l, it is to

[
33
It f
a ppe a r sro m the w h o le te n o ur o f thi s w o rk ,
th a t, a t th e ti m e w h e n i t w a s w r itte n , the En gli sh C o urt
of A dm i r a l ty e x e rci s e d a much mo re e x te n siv e j uri s
di ctio n th a n it do e s a t pre se nt .D uring the lo ng re ign
o f Eli za b e th , i n whi ch o ur a uth o ur fl o uri sh e d , w e me e t
w ith but a s in le c a se o f a ro hibitio n to the C o urt o f
p
A dm ira lty a n in th a t th e ir j uri sdi ctio n Wa s s us ta i n e d .

C ro Eli z 6 85
. . I t w a s n ot un til the subse que n t re i gn s
.

o f Jam tha t a fl o o d o f r ohibiti o n s ,

‘

e s a n d C ha rle s I . .

fl o w ing from the e n mity w hi ch Lo r d C oke ore to w a rd s

its j uri s di c ti o n , w a s o ut e d upo n th a t Co ur t Be fo re
g
.

tha t ti me , it i s pro b a i le th a t the y to o k co gni za n ce o f

e ve ry k i n d o f c o n tra cts m a de a b ro a d be tw e e n o r w i th
fo re ign e r s Thi s e x te n t o f j uri s di ction w e fin d th e m
.

c o n s ta n tly a n d s tr e n uo us ly cl a i min
g un ti l s o me t i me
a fte r the Re stora tio n , a bout w hi ch pe rio d the y a ppe a r t o
h a ve re lin quis he d the un e qua l c o n te s t Th e A ur or a , 3
.

Ro b 1 1 4 A m Ed
. . . .Thi s a cco unts for the ci rcums ta n ce
 On the I nsta nce s ide . 51

be pro d uce d and an o a th a d m iniste re d to him,

in the sa me ma nne r a n d fo rm a s in Eccle sia stical
ca use s a n d he i s to b e a d mo nish e d to un d e r o
g
an e x a m ina ti on by a d a y a ssigne d by the Jud ge ,
und er a c e rta in e na lt , so m
p y e tim e s o f fo rty shil
lin gs or fiv e po und s, a t the will o f the Jud ge a nd
acc o r din
g to the impo rta n ce ofthe ca use A nd .

if the par ty do e s n ot submit to the e x a mina tio n

be fo re the d a y a ppointe d he is to be c harge d
with co ntuma cy , a n d to b e pro nou nce d to ha ve
inci u r e d the afo re sa id pe na lty o r mul ct ; a n d
'

he is to be committe d until h e h a s pai d it a nd

subm itte d to the e x a min a tio n The mo n e y is to
.

be a ppro pria te d , a t the di scre tiono f the Jud ge ,

to pio us use s, e spe cia lly to the re lie f o f po o r
riso n e rs, o r som e time s to the plain tifl if h e be
’

p
oo r, b e ca use th e ro c e ss is im e d e d b t h
p p p y e

de la y o f the d e fe n da nt to s ub m it to the e x a mi
,

Y e t the Jud e i s a cc usto m

‘
na tio n e d , ex ra tiaz
.

g g
to re se rv e the fo rfe iture o f the pa rty until so m
Q
-
e

future C o urt d a y , be fo re h e de cre e s himto ha v e

-

m
incurre d the pe l ty a nd o rd e rs him to be a r
re ste d .

of the ir prin cipa l mo de of pr o c e e d i n g, a n c i e n tly be i n

g
by i a s o r w a rra n t a a i n s t th e pe r s o n , a d the ir o rd i
ca
p g n
na r ti u l a ti o n be in d e i n j udi ci o s i s ti , w hi c h i s in the
y s p
na ture o f o ur 9 c oi a l a il . A t pre s e n t the ir j uri s d ic tio n
i s almo s t e n ti re y co n fin e d to pr o ce e d i n gs i n r em Th e .

sti ula ti o n s w h i ch a r e n o w u s ua ll i i th E l i h
y
g v e n n e n
p g s
a nd A me r i ca n C o ur ts o f A d mi ra t a re d e j u di ca tu m
solvi , to a bid e by the j ud me n t o f the C o urt, a n d pa y
g
the sum w hi ch s h a ll b e a w a r de d . He n ce , the le a rn in g
o f o ur a uth o ur c o n ce rn in t h o ce e din s w hi ch a r e n e
g e p r g
ce s s a r t o fi x th e b a i l, w h e n the i n i al a rty d o e s n o t
c p
~

y p r
a
pp e a r , i s b e c o m e a l mo s t o b s o le te . r ] .

C le rk e s Pra x i n C a n s E co Tit 70 pe r O ugh to

’
. . . . .

nu m.
 On the Insta nce s ide . 53

e x pe nse s are be te n d e re d to the m Upo n

to .

the ir a ppe arance a n o a th Is to b e a dministe re d

in th e fo rm o f o a ths to witn e sse s a n d the y are
to b e c a utio ne d to subm it to a n e x a mina tion
un d e r e n a lt If th e re fu e to be e x a mine d
p y .
y s
th e s am e ro ce ss i s to o a ain st th e m a s w a s
p g g
b e fo re dire cte d a ga in st the principa l pa rty , m
the di i tl
p re ce n
g e .

A nn I rmN '
TO TI TLE 2 5 .

[THE w itn e s se s ma y be re
qui re d to a
pp ear

be fo re th e Judge o r c o mmissi o n e rs e s emb . .

in P a r a ti t Co d n umb 5 lit
. . S curf co ns 9
. . . . . .

num 3 ce n t 1
. . A lci a t te s t fo l 1 48 S ect qua
. . . . . . .

li ter s in t tes tes pro ducendi ] .

TI T 2 6
. .Co mpuls o r
ypr o ce s s a a in s t wi tnes ses
g
who a re summo ned a nd do no t appea r

UPON witne sse s be ing summo ne d an d

the
fa iling to a ppe a r, a n o a th be in g ma d e o f th e
se rv i ce o f th e sum mo ns a n d the te nd e r o f tra
v e llin e x pe n se s, a c o m uls o ry pro ce ss is to be
g p
de cre e d a ga inst th e m to a ppe ar by a ce rta in
da y a n d ta ke th e o a th usua lly sw o rn by w itne s
se s, a n d i
tov e te stim n i n the c a use I f th ey
g o
y .

ca nno t b e e r so n a ll cite d, a d e cre e o n s e t m o

p y
dis Is to be impe tra te d : an d tha t is to be e x e
oute d a n d ce rtifie d in the m a nn e r a nd fo rm
Which is re scribe d In Tit If th e y d o
p .

not the n a
pp e ar , a de c re e o r w a rran t is to b e
54 Practice of the Court of A dmira lty

mit to be ex a mine d .

Trt 2 7 . . The peti tionfor a nd issuing f

o a co m

siding a t a di s tance fmmthe ptnce where the

“
Co ur t si ts .

Ba r ca n the e x pira tio n o f the pro ba tory fi rm,

'

if the witne sse s dw ell a t a di sta nce fro m th e se a t

o f judgm e nt, so th a t the
y c a nn o t be r d u d
p o c e

in C o urt w ithout gre a t e x pe n se , a nd th e re is

d a nge r o f a lo ss o f te stimo ny to the litiga n t pa r
tie s, a com missio n is to be pray e d a n d d e cre e d .

In the e x e cutio n o f it, the pro ce e dings must b e

ha d in the pre se n ce o f the a dv e rse pa rty o r his
A tto rn ey , un de r pai n o f be i ng de cla re d in c o n
tuma cy , in o mni bus e tpe r o m nia , a s in the Title s

which spe cia lly tre a t o f the se things in Cle r /cc

Pra x 80 88 89 90 9 1 87 86 9 5 9 6 by
. . . . . . . . . .

Ough ton .

B ut if the w itne sse s d w e ll witho ut the kin g

do m, which is ge ne rally the case in the se ma ri
time c a use s, a co mm ission sub muta te vicis s i tu
‘“

dinis o btentu et in j uris subsidium, fro the mu m

tual ai d gra nte d by d iffe re nt jurisdictions a n d in
sup ort o fj ustice , is to b e ra ye d a n d ra nte d
p p g

[
3 ‘A co mmissio n i ad
s a co m m i
a r tes ,
s si o n to e x a

min e w i tne s s e s wh o se p a ce s o f re si de n ce are s o di s ta nt

fro m th a t w h e re th e C o urt s i ts , a s to re n de r it in c o n v e
n i e n t to h a v e the m pr od uce d in pe rs o n The ir dc ” si
f
.

ti o n s a re ta k e n by the R e gi s tra r o r Ex a min e r o the

C ourt, a s i s usu a l w he n the y a re ni gh to the C o urt .

Tr ] .

Vi d F ra n ci s ci A re tin e o usil 82 que sito

. . . .
 On th e Ins ta nce si de . 55

A l so of th e manne r an d fo rmo f pra ying for this

co mmissio n a nd for instruc tions how to pro ce e d
unde r it agre ea bly to la w , re a d in the same b oo k,
Tit 9 5 96
. . But this is to be no te d , tha t in d ]
.

co m mission s o f this nature , se cula r, an d not c c

cle si as tica l e rso ns are to be na m d a s c omm i s
p e
sio n e rs .A n d the y are usually dire cte d whe n
se nt b e on d se a , to the Jud e s a nd C o ns uls a d
y g
minis teri ng La w in the to wn of N Se cus, in
Ec cle sia stic a l ca use s, be ca use c o mmi ssio ns the re
m
m be issue d to persons o f Ec cle sia stica l dig

A DDI TI ON S TO TI TLE 2 7 .

[The co mme rcia l Co urts o r Trib unals o nthe

contin e nt o f Euro pe w e re fo rme rly ca lle d C o n
suls . I n F ra n ce , J udges a nd Consuls ; in Spai n
Prio r s a nd Cons uls in Italy , M a ritime Con suls .

Hen ce th e most a n cie nt work, which is e x tan t,

on m a ritim e a n d co m me rcial la w is c alle d, the
Co ns ul ate o f the se a I l conso la to del ma re : tha t
.

is, the la w or j urispr udenc e re ce iv e d a n d a dmit

te d in the con s ular o r co mme rcial C o urts
'

He nce al so , comme rcia l a ge nts who are se nt

fromo ne co untry to a no ther are calle d Consuls ,

be ca use the y fo rme rly ha d a consula r

tion, o r c o nizance o f all co mme rcia l a n d mari
g
tim
,

e c a use s be twe e n subje cts o f th e ir o wn n a

tion ; a o we r which is still e x e rcise d in so m e
p
countrie s b
, y virt ue o f par tic ul ar tr e atie s Th e .

Consuls o f the Unite d Sta te s a n d Fra ncc we re

 Practice f
o the Co urt o f A dmir a lty

o sse s se d o f thi i sdi c tio n , withi n th e te rri

p s
j ur

to rie s o f e a ch o the r, in co n se que n ce o f pro vi

mom to tha t e ffe ct in the co n sular co nve ntio n of ,

th e 1 4th No v 1 7 88 ; whi ch be c a rhe a nn ulle d by

.

v irtue o f th e A ct o f Co ngre s s o f 7th July , 1 79 8,

a n d ha s n e v e r b e e n s ince , no r pro ba bly e v e r will

b e re v iv e d .

To the se co mme rcial a n d ma ritime Co urts ,

th e re fo re , co mm issio ns sub mutute o r le tte r s ro

a to ry w e re , in o ur a utho ur s tim e , usually d ire ct
’

g
e d ; a n d a t t his d a y it se e m s tha t the y m
r ight
with pro prie ty be dire cte d to the Co urt, or
Judge , o f the pla ce to whi ch the y a re se nt, o x e r
c i sin g a d m i ralty a nd maritime jur i sdictio n .

O n th e subje ct o f co mmi ssio n s v id We se mb . .

ar atit C o d n um 5 lit B R ula n d d e co m

p . . . . . . .

miss lib 1 c 2 n 7 Ga il 1 o b s 89 n 3
. . . . . . . . . . . .

9 6 n 2 Ja co b Blum pro c Ca me r tit 7 3 p

. . . . . . . . .

39 A lcia tus d e po sitio n Se ct qui d sit F 0 ] 1 31

. . . . . .

Co mmissio n s fo r the e x a mina tio n o f witn e sse s,

In En la n d , r un
g j o in tl a n d sev er a ll
y y N o ti ce is .

g iv e n to b oth c o m m i ssio n e rs, a nd if o n e a b se nts

himse lf a fte r th a t n o tice , the o the r is a t li be rty to

p ro ce e d al o n e In the c a se o f the Ceres , w h e re
.

o n e c o nun issio ne r d e clin e d a cting in th e a bse n ce

o f th e o the r, b e ca use he tho ught he h a d n ot

o w e r to do so , the Co urt ra n te d a n e w co m
p g
missio n, but sa id it wa s sole ly o n the gro un d o f
the re fusal to pro ce e d 3 Ro b A dm Re p 1 07

m
. . . . . .

But in the ca se o f G u v B rown in Pe nn sy l .

v an ia w he re a co m
, mi ssion ha d be e n issue d to
fo ur, jo intly , a n d wa s e x e cute d an d re turne d by
th re e o f the m, the de fe n dan t s co un se l o b e cte d
’

j
to the re a ding o f the d e o sition s a n d cite d 1
p .
 On the Ins ta nce s ide . 57

B a c A br 2 02 2 In st
. . . .The Co urt th o ught the
.

j
o b e c tio n fa tal , al tho u h tw o o f the thre e w h o
g
re t urn e d th e co m mission w e re o f the de fe nd an t s ’

o w n no m in a tio n 4 Da l] 410
. . . .

A s fa r a s my e x pe rie n ce e x te nd s, c o mmis
si o n s us ua ll t th r so n s with w t
y g o o e e
p e r
p o e r o
an
y tw o t o a ct . M a n
y c o m m i s sio n s a re e x c l ud
e d fro m b e in re a d o n a c co unt o f the ir n ot be
g
in g e x e c ute d re gula rly No pre cise dire ctio n s
.

c a n be i v e n a s to the ro e r ma nn e r o f e x e c ut
g p p
in g the m, b e ca use e a ch Sta te h a s its pe c uliar
fo r m b ut th e c o mmis sio ne r ca n se ldo mco mmit
a n e rro r if h e re a d hi s a utho rit w it h c are E a ch
y .

ex am in a tio n sh o uld be sign e d by the d e po ne n t

a n d hi s si n a ture a tte ste d b s uch a n um b f
g y e r o

th e co mmis sio n e rs a s a re re nd e re d n e ce ssa ry to

b e pre se nt a t the e x a min a tio n The e x pe n se s
.

o f co m mi ssion s a re us ua lly pai d by the pa rty a t

w h o se in sta n c e the c o mmissio n i s sue d , o r in such
o th e r m a nn e r a s h a s be e n a re e d u o n
g p p r e vi o us

to th e i s suing o f the m In the ca se o f Lynch

.

v Woo d in Pe nn s lva ni a , th e lain tiff clai me d a

y p
'
.

v a ri e t f e x e n se s w hi c h h a d b e e n in c urre d i n
y o
p
th e e x e c utio n o f a c o mmi ssio n tha t h a d b e e n
issu e d fo r him ex pa r te -
Th e Court a llo w e d the
.

cha r e s fo r sw e arin th e witn e sse s a n d fo r the ir

g g
atte n d a n ce ; b ut re e cte d tho se fo r a e n cy a n d
j g
for tra v e lli ng to co lle ct the te stimo ny } 1 D a l] . .

31 0
m
.

Un de r a co m i ssio n , if a witne ss disclo se a

colla te ral fa ct to w hi ch th e in uiry w a s no t di
q
re cte d , th e Co urt will allo w a se co n d co m mis
sio n to b e i ss ue d fo r the ur o se o f a n e x a m ina
p p
tio n o f tha t fa c t 1 Ne w Yo rk T R 345 . . .
58 P ra ctice o f the Court f
o A dmira lty

If the no tice o f a n a pplic a tio n fo r a co mmi s

sio n c o n t a i n th e n a m e s o f co m m i s si o n e r s , a n d th e

a rty se rv e d d o no t the n o bje ct h e is pre clud

p
ed . ib 5 . .

A co mmi ssio n to e x a mine ma y be iss ue d be

fore s i s u e
j o in e d ,
i b 7 3 . b u t sp e c i a l c ir c u m s t a n

ce s m s u t b e di s c lo se d t o w arr a n t it ,
2 N . Y .T .

R 2 59
. .

Wh e n a rule for a commissio n ha s be e n oh

t a in e d ,
i t s u s
p e n d s th e c a u s e u n t il ,
o n a
pp li c a

tio n to the Co urt, a va ca tur i s o rd e re d a n d e n

te re d . But if the d e fe n d a nt a ppe a r a n d e x a
mine witne sse s it is a w ai ve r o f hi s co mmission
a n d the v a ca tur i s unn e c e ssa ry . ib 7 3 . .

If th e d e fe n da nt ha s j o in e d in a co mmissio n,
th e C o urt w ill n o t v ac a te th e rule by whi c h it
ra nte d , o n the a li c a ti on o f the la in tifl ,
’

g pp p
but will gra n t a rule to pro ce e d to trial no twi th
sta n d ing the co m missio n, ib 1 1 5 A n d w h e re
‘

. .

a d e fe n d a nt h a s o bta ine d a rule fo r a co mm is

sio n , in which the plai ntiff do e s no t jo in , a n d a

te rmhas e la pse d wi tho ut a ny pro ce e dings un d e r

it, the G o w t will pe rmi t to go to tria l, ib 5 03
'
'
. .

So whe re a co mmi s sio n h a s be e n se nt to Eng

la n d a n d e ight mo nth s h a v e e la pse d witho ut a ny
re turn , th e Co urt w ill iv e le a v e to d t
g p ro c e e o
tri a l ; b ut thi s d o e s n o t pre v e nt ca use be in
g
sh o wn a t the Circuit, why the tria l sho uld n o t

th e n b e put o fl, ib o r e v e n if the usua l time is

“
.

no t e la pse d 2 N Y T R 47
. . . . . .

In the ca se o f J uhel v The United I nsur a nce

.

Com a n ,Oc to b e r 1 80 1 , the S u re m

p y p e C o u r t o f
Ne w Yo rk h e ld , tha t thre e months wa s a sufli ci
-

e nt tim e fo r e x e cutin a n d re turnin m m i

g g a co s
 On the I ns ta nw s ide . 59

sion a rriv e d A t the Ja nua ry te rm

in Lo nd o n .

1 803, o f the sa me Co urt , it w a s d e cid e d , tha t

whe re a pla intiff has d e la y e d his o wn c a use by a
com missio n ; a nd it d o e s no t a ppe ar tha t d ue di
lige n ce h a s be e n use d, the d e fe nd a nt may a pply
for a rule fo r no n suit, a nd c o mpe l the plai ntiff to
sti ula te or b e n o n s u
p i te d , a s i f n o c o
-
m m i s si o n
ha d iss ue d F e brua ry 1 804, a mo tio n w a s ma d e
.

for le a v e to e nte r a judgme nt, a s in ca se o f no n

suit fo r n o t o in o n to tria l I t e are d th a t
g g a
pp .

a co m missio n ha d b e e n i ssue d, b ut n o t th a t d ue
dilige n ce h a d be e n use d in the e x e cutio n o f it,
a s e i h t mo nth s h a d e la e d b e twe e n sui n i t o ut
g p g
and th e sittin s
g T h e Co urt the re fo re s a id the
.

mo tio n sh o uld be gra nte d, unle ss the pla intiff e n

te re d in to stipula tio ns 1 N Y T R 52 7 . . . . . .

W h e re a de fe n da nt s co mmissio ne r ha s mis
’

laid a c o mmi ssio n, in c o n se que n ce o f which it i s

not a rriv e d b ut i s sh o rtly e x e cte d, the Co urt
p
will n o t gra nt a judgme nt a s in c a se o f n o n suit, -

though th e re h a s be e n a fo rme r stipula tio n, but

will a llow to stipula te a ne w o n pa y m e nt o f Co sts .

2 N Y T R 47
. . . A fte r a se con d c o mmi ssio n
. .

has issue d , with le a v e to go to trial no twithsta nd

ing, th e C o urt, unde r spe cia l circumsta nce s,
which ha ve be e n disco v e re d a fte rwar d s, will v a
cate the rule a s to o in to tria l a nd allo w a fur
g g
ther tim e fo r th e re turn ib 2 5 3 . . .

A no tice for judgm e nt a s in ca se o f no n suit, -

is not wai v e d by a no ti ce fo r a co m issio n 3 m .

N Y T R 140
, . . . .

The ac t for the amendme nt o f the la w o fNe w ,

York 1 Re v La ws 35 1 5 1 1 d o e s no t spe cify

, . . . .

that the c om missione rs should live in the Sta te

60 Practice of the Court o f A dmi ra lty

to Which the co mmission is a ddre s se d , a nd the

Co urt will there fo re i ssue a co mmissio n to pe r
so n s in tha t Sta te to take the e x a min a tio n o f

pe rs o ns i n Pe nn sy lv a nia 3 N Y T R . . . . . 1 05 .

Tr ] .

TI T 28 .Of the Wa rr a nt to be i m
.
pe tra ted in

re m whe re the debto r a bsconds, o r i s a bsent

A LLtha t wa s writte n in the pre ce ding Title s

is to be un de rsto o d a s a pplica ble to c as e s in
w hich the de fe nda nt is ac tua lly a rre ste d to re s
o nd in a civil ca use But if h e ha s c o n ce al e d
.

mse lf o r ha s a b sco nde d fro mthe kin gd o m, so

°

th a t he c an no t be a rre ste d, if he ha v e a ny goo ds,

'

me rchandize , ship o r v e sse l upo n the se a , or

within the e bb a nd flo w o f the se a a n d within the
urisdictio n o f the Lo rd High A dm i ral , a w a r
j
ra nt i s to b e i m pe tra te d to t h is e ffe c t,
v iz : to

a tta ch such go o d s o r s uc h ship o f D the d e .

fe n dant, in w h o se ha nd s s o e v e r the y ma y be ; a n d
to cite the sa id D spe cia lly a s the o wne r, a nd
.

a ll o the rs who cla ima ny right o r title to the mto,

be a nd a ppe ar o n a c e rta in day , to answ e r unto

P in a civil a nd maritime ca use
. .

A nmrmNs '
TO TI TLE 2 8 .

[Thi s
pro ce e din
g i s in na ture o f the
pro ce ss of
fore ign a tta chme nts unde r the custo mo f Lo n d o n,
w hich ha s be e n intro d uce d into mo st, if n o t a ll
o f the S ta te s with re a t a dvanta e an d suc ce ss:
g g
 On the Ins ta nce s ide . 61

Its o b e ct i s to c o m e l the a of an a h
j p pp e a ra nc e
se nt o r a b sc o ndin d e b to r, a n d in c a se h e d o e s a
g p
e a r, to sa ti sf the d e bt o ut o f hi s e ffe c ts a n d cre
p y
dits A re spe cta ble write r info rms us tha t this pro
.

c e ss h a s o ne i nto di suse in th e C o urts o f A dm i

g
r a lt o f En la n d a n d Ire la nd 2 Br o Civ & A d m
y g . . . .

435 The re a so n o f it i s th a t the juris dictio n o f

’

th o se C o urts in in sta n ce ca use s h a s be e n so much

n a rro w e d by ro hibi tio n s tha t with the e x ce tio n ,
p ’ p
suits fo r m arine r s w a e s , ce rta in case s o f b o tto m
g
a n d sal v a e , a n d ce rta in ui t f
r
y g p o sse s so r
y s s or

shi s, a ll o f Wll l Cll a re , in m o st ca se s, ro ce e di n s

‘

p p g
i n r em, the re h ardly re ma in s to the m a ny subje ct
o f c iv il juris di cti o n . The pro ce ss o f a tta chme nt,
th e re fo re , ha s b e e n d isuse d, be c a use the re ha v e
be e n n o o cc a sion s whic h w o uld re quire a re
c o ur se to it . But if a ca se o f de bt sh o uld a rise ,
cle a rly wi thin the j urisdic tio n o f a C o urt o f A d

m
miral ty , a s for in sta nce , a a ritime co n tra ct ma de
a t se a , to b e e x e c ute d a t se a , whi ch ca n in de e d

but v e ry ra re ly , if e v e r ha ppe n ; y e t if such a

co ntra ct sho uld b e m a d e , an d the d e bto r sho uld

c o n c e a l himse lf, o r b e o ut o f th e juris di cti o n o f

the C o urt, the re is n o do ubt but th a t th e pro ce ss

o f a tta ch m e nt w o uld l a y a gai n st him a ccordin
g
to th e co ur se which is h e re pre scribe d by the
a uth o ur . Huberus, dc j i gs in voca ndo , say s it is a
re m e dy w hich i s n o t w arra nte d by the civil la w,

but th e prin ciple upo n which it is fo unde d , ma y

be tra ce d in the ma x imo f Justinia n, debi to r, credi
to ri s , es t debito r cre di tor i cre di to ris 7r ]
.
-
.

Se que stra tio n, re gula rly s pe aking, is pro bi

bite d, y e t go o d s ma y la wfully be a tta che d in
‘

the se c a se s
62 Pra ctice f
o the Court o f A dmira lty

1If the de fe nda nt be suspe cte d o f flight ;

.

tha t i s to sa y , if he d o e s no t po sse ss suffi cie nt

re a l o r pe r so nal pro pe rty , o the rwise n ot S ca c .

cia d e a d Lib l c 35 n 6
.
j . . . . . . .

2 If h
.e b e s u s
p e cte d o f e mbe zzle me nt ; a n d
he is sa id to be s o s uspe cte d, if his sh o p re ma in
shut c o n tra ry to custo m: if a t the tim e he
pl ay a t

unla wful ga m e s : i f he bo rro w mo ne y upo n usu

rio n s inte re st : if h e d o n o t po sse ss re al pro

e rty e qua l to the d e bt : if he c o nce a l his per

p
so na l pro e rty in se cre t pla ce s, w he nc e it ca n
p
e a sily be re m o v e d ; if h e be inv o lv e d in di v e rs

fidejusso ry se curitie s : if h e ha v e pla y e d the

like trick be fo re : if hithe rto he ha s be e n ba ck
w a rd in pa y ing his d e bts, a n d ha v e a t pre se nt, .

num e ro us cre dito rs w ho a re im

p
Lib 1 c 38 n 1 0 Peck de j ure s istendi c
. . . . . . . . .

16 n 2 . . .

Thi s suspicio n ma y be prov e d summa rily a nd

by ha lf pro o f a nd so me time s by th e o a th o f the
-

cre dito r with o ut a ny cita ti o n to th e o ppo site

a t , a cco rdin to the will o f the Jud e S
p
gg g ca c c
g . .

n .

Be fo re ma king the sei zure , a full pro o f o f the

de bt i s to be ma de to th e Judge a cc o rding to his
discre tio n, a s S ca ccia sa y s, a n d a cita tio n is issu
e d to the pa rty unle ss he be suspe cte d o f fli ght,
in which ca se , the cita tio n might be the ca use o f
To the gra nting o f the se que s
“
his a bsco nding .

[ 345
7
Th e i s t o m
o ri gi n a l
e o b s cure T h e
pr a cti c e .

a b r o a d i s , to i s s ue a c i ta ti o n b e fo r e the a tta chme n t go e s .

I f the d e b to r a ppe a r a s umma ry he a ri n g ta ke s pla ce if

he d o e s n o t, the cita ti o n b e i n g re turn e d i s a proo f o f
hi s a b se n ce o r a bsco n ding — Tu ]
 On the Ins ta nce side . 63

tra tio n a ny kind o f e ithe r

p f
roo
, b y a
p u blic k
m
in stru e nt o r instru me nts is suffi cie nt To dis .

c h a r e th e se que stra tio n , th e d e bt i s to be

g
r o ve d b u ch ub li ck in suum e nt o r o the r writ
'

p y s
p
i n g a s w o uld be proo f in o the r
2 4 &c. .

B ut, a ccording to Peckius, the pro o f may be

ma de in an o the r ma nne r, be ca use the re is d a nger
to b e a ppre he n d e d fro m the de la y whi ch m ight
o c cur b e fore the ne ce ssary ro o f co uld be o h
p
ta i ne d , a n d b e c a use a n irre pa ra ble injury i s n o t
d o ne to the d e bto r w h o ma y d isso lv e the a tta ch
me nt by e nte rin g ba il This o the r pro o fis a cco rd
.

i n g to the discre tio n o f the Judge , w ho sh o uld

h a v e re spe ct to pe rso ns a nd a cc ura te ly e x amine
th e ca us e s o f suspicio n .

3 If he be de cla re d in c o ntu acy , S ca cc n m . .

5 the Judge s o f o ur d a y , a c co rd ing to c usto m

.
,

d e cre e a s e que stra tio n a t the in sta nce o f the cre

d it o r a lo ne , witho ut the e xiste nce o f a ny suspi
cio n . S ca cc n 1 1
. . . If no thin g is pro v e d to the
Ju d ge an d no thing is s wo rn by the cre dito r, the
a tta c h m e nt i s ra nte d upo n the simple a s se rtio n
g
o f th e cre di to r . P eck nu 5 . . .

N e ithe r is it ne e d ful to e x e cute summons or

cita ti o ns in such ca se s , e lse whe re , but w he re the

sh i p o r qua r relle d good s in que stio n lie , o r a t the

us u a l pla ce o f th e ir h a unting
”
W e lw Tit 5 f
. . . . .

6 1 [wh o quo te s D e ofiicio A dmira lita tis A nglia :

in fi n cum ibi c i ta tis ] .

The de b to r ma y be a rre ste d e ithe r on or b e

fo re the d a y he i s suspe cte d of fli ght ; a nd so
like w i se ma y his go o d s b e a tta che d in orde r to
co m e l him to u t i b a il o r a ckno wle d e his
p .
p n g
64 P ractice o
f the Court f
o A dmira lty

o bliga tio n, since in the me a n time he might die o r

run a w a y .But in o th e r c ase s, the pla intiff i s
n o t o nly pre ve nte d fro md o ing this by the e x ce p =

tio n, b ut he ma y a lso b e o fficia lly hind e re d by

the Judge , a s so o n a s it a ppe a rs to him th a t the
tim e is no t c o me .

I ca nno t re cla im a ny thing w hich I h a v e lo a n

e d until the la pse o f so m e tim e , be ca use th e b or

ro w e r co ul d ha v e d e riv e d no be ne fit fro m it, e x

c e pt in c a se he be suspe cte d o f flight It i s n o t .

la wful fo r the cre di to r, o f his o wn a uth o rity , to

e nte r i nto the po sse ssio n o f the thin g ple dge d

until the re ha s be e n so m e de la
y o n the part o f

the b o rrowe r, to c o nfo rm to the prin cipa l o bliga

ti o n o n his par t, unle ss th e re e x ists a suspic io n o f
his be ing a bo ut to run a wa y .

2 “
A me rchan t be ca me ba nkrupt a nd a bsco n d
e d ; o ne cre dito r w as pri o r, in po int o f ti m e , to

the o the rs : h e i s to be pre fe rre d to the o the rs,

w h o a re po ste rio r a n d who se d ay ha d n o w go ne
by , if the re is a ny d ange r in de la y a s to the pro
se c utio n o f the ple d ge na
y h e i s to be
-

pre fe r

re d in the ple d ge A n d al th o ugh the re sh o uld

.

b e n o a dj udicatio n o f the de bt o n tha t d a y or

c o nditio na lly , y e t still th e re is go o d ca us e to c
p
titio n fo r se curity Peck de j nre s i s tendi cap
. . . .

4 n 6
. . .

The de bt fo r which a pe rso n o r thin g w a s ar

re ste d w as v o id ; but th e e rso n a rre ste d e ither
p
[
2°
The e di to r o f th i s
l a s t e di ti on h a s c o lle c te d a ua n
tity o f ma tte r i n th i s n o te , ma rke d w hi ch i s w o ll
’

irre le v a n t to the s ub e ct o f A dmira lty r a cti ce ,a n d w hio

j
a l s o i s s o dif fi cult to be tra n s la te d, t 1 s h o uld h a ve
o mi tte d i t e n ti re l d i d I t f l m lf l d d t i e
y
—fi
n o e e e o g v
s e p g e
a tr a n s la tio n o f the fifth e di ti o n n]
 On the Insta nce side . 65

fo r so me ca use whi ch e x i ste d be fore , o r which

a ro se a fte rw a rd s, w a s bo und to the e rso n a rre st
p
ing : c an this v oid a rre st be justi fie d b the sub
y
se que nt ca use o f a ctio n ? This que sti o n ha s its

a d v o ca te s o n e a ch si d e , a n d the re a re n o t a fe w

e x po und e rs o f the la w o f the hi he st a uth o rity

g
w h o think tha t the a rre st which is v o id in itse lf
ma y be justifie d by the subse que nt ca use of a o
tio n a n d Soc in tr ac t dc ci ta t sa s, if a e rso n
. . .
y p
o we d m e a de b t whi ch be ca m e d ue o n a ce rta in

da y , a n d I , fe a ring tha t he wo uld a b sco n d be fo re

th a t d a y a rriv e d , ca use d him to be a rre ste d o n a
fictitio us d e ma n d , in o rd e r th a t w hile it w a s in di s
u t e , th e d a y o f pa y me nt o f the re al d e bt sho uld
p
a rriv e , fo r whi ch he m ight b e a rre ste d, it i s we ll ;
b e ca use tho se thi ngs w hich a re n ull, no t fro mde
fe e t o f substa n ce but o ffo rm, ma y a te rwa r ds, by f
the inte rv e ntio n o f the true d e bt, b e co ntin ue d ,
a nd the part i s n o t to be a rre ste d a n e w B ut B a l
y .

dus ma inta in s the c o ntra ry , o n the gro und th a t

a ca se whi ch h a s no t a le gal fo un d a tio n ca nn o t

be suppo rte d by a ny subse que nt e v e n t : a n d

Pa ulus P a ris a t v aria n ce with hi mse lf, sa y s, th a t
. .

in the first pla ce the a rre st i s to be d e cla re d v o id

a nd th e
p e rso n i s to be re sto re d to li b e rty w hich

be ing d o ne y o u ma y a fte rwa rd s be gin a ne w a c .

co r di n to la w
g .

But Pechins de j ure sis tendi ca p 17, sa y s, if

. .

it ma n i fe stly a ppe ar th a t the a rre st wa s n o t le

g y
a ll m a d e , it i s to b e d e c lare d v o id ,
a n d th e p e r

so n a t w h o se insta nce it w a s ma d e 1 8 to b e co n

de m n e d to pa
y c o sts a nd d a m a es
g .b ut, o n a o
co unt o f the ne w d e bt whi ch in te rve ne s, the
.

de bto r is to be d e ta ine d an d no t re le a se d .

K
68 P ra ctice of the Co ur t of A dmir a lty

TI T 2 9 . . Of the execution f
o the f
a ore s a i d

THE Marsh a l or o th e r o fli ce r of the Judge ,

by v irtue of Wthea rr a n t must a tta ch

a fo re sa id

the goo d s wh e re v e r the y ma y be a nd ke e p th e m ,

in sa fe a nd se cure c usto dy : an d he must cite

the d e fe n da nt la ce whe re the
the o o d s ar e ,
p at g .

a n d a ll o th e rs h a vi n o r
g p re te n din
g to h a v e a ny

title o r inte re st in th e m, by publick pro cla ma ti o n

to th o se wh o a re pre se nt, a n d a lso to th o se in
w ho se po sse ssio n the go o d s ma y b e a t the time
o f th e a tta ch m e nt, th a t he do th pe re m p to ri l
y
cite a s we ll the sai d D ( th e d e fe n d a nt in pa r
.

ticular ) a s all o th e rs i n ge ne ral w ho ha v e o r pre

te n d to h a ve a ny title o r inte re st in the go o d s
w hich he h a s a tta che d, to a ppe a r, e a ch a n d
e v e ry o f th e m a t the ti m e an d la ce s e cifie d
p p
in the sai d W a rra nt, to a ns we r unto P in a c e r .

tain civ il an d ma ri time ca use , a s to justi ce s ha ll

se e m mee t .

TI T 30
. . Certifica te o
f the execution o
f the Wa r
r a nt f or the a tta ch ment of the goo ds .

THE Ma rshal , by wh o m the

o r o the r fice r
of
a b o v e W a rra nt i s e x e cute d o u ht to ce rti f it
, g y ,
w ith a co py o f the sche d ule o f the ro e rt
p p y
a nne x e d , a n d he sho uld s e cif
'
p y th e tim e w h e n,

a nd the la ce whe re , i t w a s e x e c ute d a nd tha t

p ,

he ci te d the d e fe n d a n t a cco rdin to the te no ur o f

.

g
the W arra nt But if the ma nda ta ry be in re
.

mo te place s, the n this e x e cution is to be ce rti

 On the Insta nce s ide . 69

fie d by a n a uthe ntick ce rtifica te a s a bo v e in Tit .

6 of the cer tifica te of the aforesa id Wa rra n t

. .

TI T 31 . . The exhi bi tio n o r r e turn f

o the s a id

Wa r r a nt ,
a nd the Pe ti tion f
o the Pro cto r fo r

I , N e x hibit my pro x y for P a nd I ma ke my

. .

se lf a
p ya rt to th e s a m e : a n d I e x hi b it th e o ri

ina l ma n d a te with the ce rtifica te in do r se d , o r,

g
U o n th e truth o f w hi c h ce rtific a te , 0 th e Ma r
p .

sh a l ma ke s o a t h A nd I a c c us e , o f c o n tumacy ,
.

D the d e fe n d a nt, w h o w a s Spe cially cite d , a nd

.

a ll o th e r s in e n e r a l, wh o ma h re te n d
g y ave or
p
to h a v e title o r in te re st in the go o d s whi ch h a v e
b e e n a tta che d, to a ppe a r h e re o n th is d a y , to
a n s w e r th e a fo r e sa i d P in a ce rta in civ il a nd .

ma ritime ca use A n d I pra y tha t the y a n d e a ch

.

o f th e m b e d e clare d c o n tum a ci ous a n d in a in

p
o f th e ir c o n tum th a t th e b e d e cre e d to h a v e
ac
y y
in c urre d the fir st d e fa ult * Publick pr o cla ma .

D e fa ult, th o ugh i t c o mmo n ly s ign ifie s a n offe n ce in

o mitti n g th a t w h i c h w e o ugh t to d o , y e t h e re i t i s ta k e n
fo r a n o n a ppe a r a n c e in C o urt a t a d a y a s s i gn e d C o w
-
. .

I n t e rp Ver b D e fa ult [Vi d 1 I n s t 2 5 9

. . . 1 S a lk 2 1 6
. . . . . .

Tr l .

C ur i e A d mira li ta ti s , a cto re
Le v a ta que re l a i n
c o m a re n te e t r e o co n tuma c i té r a b s e n te , o mn i n o ro ce
p
d e n um e s t a d de fa lta s e t n o n a d s e n te n tia m d e fi n i ti
‘

v a m, e o quod n o n li ue t d e c a us a R o u ht i n fin e , i n
q g . .

ni
g L i b .A d m ”
. .

I f th e pa r ty pur s ued b e c o n tuma ci o u s a n d w ill n o t

a pe a r t o d e fe n d h i ms e lf o r hi s s hi , o r th i n s ch a lle n e d ,
p p g
th e J udge , a fte r th re e o r fo ur ci ta tio n s fro m th e A mi
r a lt , c a l l e d d f h ll d n um ro
y qu a tu o r e
f a l tae ( o r t a t c a e u p
o mn i bu s i s n o t s uf fi cie n t to c o n v inc e o n e o f c o n tuma cy ,)
e s e c i a lly i n th e cla i m o r v i n di c a ti o n o f a s hi p, a n y a rt
p p
th e re o f o r a ny o th e r s uch li k e thi n g o r go o d s , ma y pro
ce e d a d
p r im umd e cr etum W e lw Ti t 5 f 6 0
. . . . .
70 P ra ctice of the Co urt of A dmira lty

tio n is the n to be ma d e th re e time s, a s we ll fo r

tho se w ho we re cite d in particula r as for tho se in
e n e ra l, a n d upo n the ir fa ilin g to a ppe a r, the y
g
a re to be pro no unce d in c o ntum a cy by th e

J udge , a n d in pe n a lty the re o f the y a re to be de

cre e d to h a v e inc urre d the first d e fa ult, a n d th e

ce rtifica te o f this d e cre e i s to be co ntinue d until

the n e x t C o urt d a y , o r o th e r da y to be a ssigne d

by th e J udge .

TI T 32 . . The ma nner of a tta chi ng go o ds o r

de bts in the ha nds of o thers to which the oflicer ,

ca n n ot ha v e a cce s s .

S O ME TI MES the pe rso n, w ho , by lo a n o r o the r

ma ritime co ntra c t, is inde bte d to a no the r, c a nn o t
be a ppr o a che d so a s to be a rre ste d no r h a s h e
a ny r o e rt
p p y w hich t h e offi c e r ca n a tta ch Y et

oum a b e in fo r m e d of e r so ns in w ho se h a n d s
y y p
the re a re go o d s w hic h be lo ng to y o ur d e b to r, o r
w h o ma y be in d e bte d to him In s uch a ca se .

ou m a o b ta i n a W a rra nt sim il t th t w hi ch
y y a r o a

is me nti o ne d in Ti t 2 8 of o the r ma nner of pro

. .

ceeding, A n d the o ffice r ma y go to the pe r

so n in wh o se po s se s si o n th e o o d s a re d e o si te d ,
g p
o r w h o i s in d e bte d to o ur d e bto r, o r whi ch a re
y
”
lia ble o r re spo nsible to y o ur de bto r , a n d a tta ch

Se e M ali n e s Le x M e rc a t c 1 8 .
[I
. b e li.e v e th i s b ook
i s o f n o a uth o rity i n que s ti o n s o f ra cti c e — Tr ]
p
F o r the de bto r o f a cre di to r i s the de b to r to th e cre
d i to r o f th e cre dito r . S i ch a r d a d I 3 C o d do his qua:
. . . .

v i me tusv e c a us a, & c n . 8 e t a d 1 2 Cod

. .
Q . u a n d
. o .

F i s cus v e l priv a tus . W he re it i s h e ld th a t a s e n te n ce

r e n d e r e d a a i n s t o n e w h o i s i n de b te d to me , if i t b e n o t

p a i d , m a y e e n fo r ce d a g a i n s t o n e w h o i s i n d e b te d t o
 On the Ins ta nce s i de . 71

suc h go o d s o r cre dits in his ha nd s He is to .

cite tha t pe rso n a n d a ll o th e rs to a ppe ar a s be

fore pre sc ribe d in Tit 2 8 It is to be no te d . .

th a t in this W ar ra nt the w o r d s, the goods , deb ts ,

o r s um s o m o a ce r ta in R a nd
f o ne
y be lo n i n
g g t .

be ing in the ha n ds of the afo res a id pe rson, are to

b e includ e d The se w o rd s a re o mitte d in the
.

ca se o r wa rra n t w hich wa s be fore m e ntio n e d .

TI T? 33 . The cer t
ifi ca te o
f the a
f o re s a id Wa r
ra nt a ga i ns t goods re ma ining in the pos ses sio n
o
f a no the r .

THI S W a rra nt is to
be ce rtifie d a s the fo rmer
o n e which w a s tre a te d o f in Tit 6 a n d the pe r . .

s o n s w h o a re cite d, w he the r i n e n e ra l o r i n
par
g
tic ula r, a re to be a c c use d o f c o ntuma cy a n d pr o
c e e d e d a ai n st in a ll thin s, a s w e ll a s to the
g g
c o n tum a cy o f the
pe rso n s in
parti c ula r a s o f tho se

in ge ne ra l, a cc o rding to th e dire ctio n s c o n tain e d

in Tit 31 of the exhi bitio n o r j ud icia l in tro duc
. .

tio n of the afo resa id Wa rra nt, a nd of the P eti tio n

e P roctor for the P la int f
o
f th ifl .

TI T 34 . . Of the ma nner of proceed ing upon the

a
pp ea ra nce o f the perso n in who se ha nds the

g oods wer e a tta c ed h .

A O
the pe rso n upo n who
LTH UG H the a tta ch m
m e n t i s se r v e d a
y n o t h a m
ve a n
y g o o d s i n hi s

po sse ssio n,
y e t h e i s b o u n d to a
pp e a r o n th e d ay

h i m E t v i de L
. . ult . Dig Lib 1 8 Ti t 3 D e le ge C o m
. . . .

mi sso ri a
.

.
 On the Ins ta nce side . 73

TI T 35. . The the seco nd, third a nd

ult
.

I N th e ca se s w hi ch ha v e b e e n me ntio ne d, the
r o ce ss i s a a in st the d s o r d e bts a tta c he d ;
p ‘
g g o o

a n d w h e n n e ithe r h e w ho se o d s ar e a ttac he d
g o
no r an
y o th e r
p e r so n a
pp e a r s ,
th e
pro c e e d in
g
i s to be a gai nst the m in pa in o f the ir coutu
ma cy a s w a s pre scri be d in Ti t 30 of the erki . .

bi tia n or j ud icia l intro duction of the aforesa i d

Wa rr a n t In the sa me mann e r a s they a re pro
.

n o un c e d c o ntuma cio us o n the first d a a n d i

y n
u i shme nt th e re o f a re d e cla re d to h a v e incur
p n

re d th e first de fa ult ; so , o u the se co n d d a t h ir

y e

c o ntum ac
y i s t o b e a cc u se d , a n d in
p un is h m e n t
th e re o f, the y a re to be de cl a re d to ha v e incurre d
th e se co n d d e fa ult . A lso th e ce rtifica te is to
b e c o ntinue d to the ne x t C o urt d a y , o r third o r
fo urth C o urt da y , a t the ple a sure o f the Judge
-
.

B ut o n tha t Co urt da y , the pro ce e ding a nd

-

ra e r a re to be in the sa m m a e r b
p y e nn as a o v e ,

a n d he a n d th e o th e rs are to b e d e clare d to h a v e

inc urre d the third de fa ult . The ce rtifica te is

al so to be c o ntin ue d to the a b o v e Co urt day , -

an d o n th a t d a th e sa m e c o urse o f pra y in , a o
y g
e nsin a nd ro no un cin i s to be purs ue d a n d a ll
g p g
wh o ha v e be e n cite d a re to be de cla re d to ha v e
inc urre d the fo urth de fa ult *
. The Pro ctor for
f
F o ur de fa ults a re to be pro no unce d a a in s t
g the de
fe n d a n t, i f h e d o n o t a pe a r w ithin the te rm a s sign e d
to hi m by the J ud e , be o re the J udge s ha ll d e cre e the
g
la i n tifi to b e ut m po s se s si o n o f the g o o d s o f the d e
'

pe n d a n t, w hi o i s co n tra ry to the a n cl e n t us a ge o f the

.

o ur t o f A dm Ro ughton i n fi n e in N1 g Li b
g
i ra lty
. . .

dm .
74 Pra ctice of the Co urt of A dmiralty

th e plai ntiff sho uld the n ex super a bunda n ti a c cuse

th e co ntuma cy o f all th e pe rson s wh o ha v e b e e n
cite d a s w e ll in pa rticula r a s in ge ne ra l a n d in

a in o f this co ntum ac
y sh o uld sa , a fte r this
y
p

I giv e an artiele upon the first de cre e , a nd

I a lle ge , pra y a nd d o , &c a s is co nta ine d in the
.

sa m e a n d I pra y tha t the sa m e be a d m itte d,

tha t justi ce a nd right be d o ne a nd a dm in i ste re d,
a nd tha t a d e cre e pa ss in fa v o ur o f m y c l ie n t, t o

p u t hi m in
p o s se ssio n o f the
g o o d s w hich h a v e

be en a tta che d a cco rdi ng to the first de cre e .

The Judge sha ll th e n o rde r pro cla ma ti o n to be

thre e time s ma de , fo r all the pe rso ns cite d a s
a fo re sa id, a s w e ll tho se in ge n e ra l a s th o se in

p articula r U .
p o n th e ir fa ilin
g to a
pp e ar
,
h e
sh a ll pro no un ce the m to b e in c o ntum ac
y a n d
in pa in the re o f; he sha ll sa y , W e a dmit th is
”
a rticle .

The n the pla intiff o r his pro cto r, in support o f

the co nte nts o f the a rticle , tha t is, in pro o f o f
the e x i ste nce o f the de bt w hich he claims, o ught
to e x hi bit the le tte rs o bliga to ry or o ther in stru
me nts upon which the d e bt aro se A n d the .

rincipa l a rty o r so m e tim e s the Pr o cto r, a o

p p
co rding to in fo rm a ti o n w hi ch he be li e v e s to be

true , is o blige d to m ake his co r o ral o a th )

p
“ t o be

a dm iniste re d to hi m by the Judge o f the truth

o f h is clai m This be ing do ne , the Judge i s fa t:
.

custo m e d to re a d the a fo re sa id a rticle a n d sa ,

y
W e prono unce a nd de cre e a c co rding to the
ra e r o f the la intiff
p y p .

I n de bi tis mino ribus Vi d , Tit Prex Ecc 2 35 2 36

. . .
,

pe r O ugh t ,
 On the I ns ta nce side . 75

The n the plain tiff o r his Procto r sha ll give a

bill o f co sts which the Judge sha ll ta x : A n d
upo n o ath b e ing m a de by the Pro ctor or the ,

rin ci al if he be pr e se nt in Co urt o f the di s

p p
bur se me nt o f the sums a s tax e d , he may d e cre e
the go o d s o r v e sse l a ttac he d to be a pprai se d .

‘ Vh e n the a ppra ise me nt ha s be e n ma d e a cco rd

ing to the tr ue v a lue , a nd se curity ha s be e n gi
ve n b h la intiff to a n s we r a n h vm
'

y t e
p y on e a
g
inte re st in tha t behal f, tha t is, in the go o d s, pro
v id e d he inte r v e ne for the sa m e w ithin a e a r,
y
he is to be put into po sse ssio n a s far a s the
am o unt o f hi s cla im, if the y be suffi cie nt, o the r

wise a s far a s the y a

y m
b e s ufli ci e n t .

A DDI TI ONS TO TI TLE 35 .

[The e ffe ct o f the first d e cree , is y, in tho nl

e

first in sta n ce , to put the party in po sse ssio n o f

the thi ng, a n d giv e s n o po we r o v e r the pro ce e d s .

A ll furth e r pro ce e dings o f sale a nd po we r o ve r

the pro cee d s, must be by sub se que nt a pplica
tio n to the C o urt ; al tho ugh upo n such a ppli ca
tio n a d e cre e o f sale a n d po sse ssio n o f the pro
‘

ce e d s a re a lm o st m a tte r s o f fo rm a nd usua ll h
y o

taine d a s o rdi n ary pro ce ss o f co urse 2 Bro . .

Civ . A dm .

A fte r the fo urth de fa ult, the Judge sho uld de

cre e a m a n d a te o f e x e cution, a n d he sh o ul d

is sue his de cre e to th e Ma rsha l o f the C o urt,

dir e c ting him to put the plaintiff in po sse ssion o f
the go od s o f the d e fe nd a nt, whe re soe ver th e y
76 Pra ctice f
o the Cour t f
o A dmiralty

ma y b e
‘

fo u n d ,
to th e e x t e n t o f th e d e b t c la im e d
a n d de cla re d fo r in C o urt, if the y be s uf ficie n t,
to ge the r with co sts a nd d a ma ge s A n d if bo nd .

mo a b ili t o s u c h a v al ue a re n o t fo un d b
y t h e

Ma rsha l, the n to put him in po sse s sio n o f the

bo na immo bilia to a sufficie nt amo un t, in o r d e r
th a t the d e fe n da nt be ing a ffe cte d by the grie v
a nce , m a
y b e co m p e lle d to an s we r w ithi n th e

e a r a n d re co v e r the po sse ssio n o f hi s goo d s , a t

y
fi t d ul lu d i th e re se n ce o f the Ma rsh al ,
r s y v a e n
p
a n d w arra nte d upo n this o bliga tio n in C o urt to

b e suffi cie nt to a bid e th e se nte nce a n d to pa y

the sumin w hich th e pa rty w a s co nde m n e d, a n d

h a v ing gi v e n suffi cie nt sa tisfa ction for the e x

e n se s s ustai ne d o n the pa rt o f the a fo re sa id
p
a rt a s Co d 7 Ti t 72 d e boni s a utho ri t J ud
p y , . . . . . .

o s s &c a uth E t q j
u i u ra t Co lla t 5 T i t 8
p . . . . . . . .

No v e l 5 3 d e exhibend is e t in tr oducend i s Re is
. .

ca
p 4. & c . D ecr e ta l L ib 2
. T i t 6. de L i
. ti s . . .

no n co n tes t c 5 uon i a mfre ue nter B u t i f it

q . .
q . .

is ma nife st, a n d the suit w a s no t co nte ste d , the

r o ce e di n i s a t a ll tim e s to se n te n ce a n d n o t to
p g
de fa ults Roughton in fi ne
. .

If he a ppe a r n o t be fore the time be fully e x

re d , the J ud e ma o ce e d a nd a d ud e the
p i g y p r
j g
ro rie ty o f the shi
p p p t o th e
p lai n tiff W e lw .

Tit 5 f 6 0
. . . .

Se e Ma line s Le x Me re c 1 8
’
. . .

TI T 36 . . Wh a t things a re co n ta ine d in the

f
a o res a i d a r ticle u on the
p fi rs t de cr ee .

THE pla intiff i s bo und to de cla re o r re la te in .

fil e a fore sai d a rticle , in wha t ma nne r a n d upo n

78 P ra ctice o f the Court of A dmiral ty

the e xp e ns e s w hic h h a v e b e e n in curr e d ,

be fo r e

y o ur
go o d s a re d e li ve re d, o r
y o u ca n b e h e a rd
in the c a use d '

TI T 38
. Of the appea ra nce of a third pe r so n
.
.

oods which ha ve been a tta ched a s the

g
ro er t of a no the r
p p y .

It y o ur goo ds a re a tta che d a s the prope rty ,

or fo r the d e bt o f a no th e r, a n d y o u inte r ve n e
fo r y o ur inte re st be fo re the pro mulga tio n o f th e
first de cree ; a nd y e t ne v e rthe le ss, the Judge
sha ll ha v e pro no unce d y o u to ha v e incurre d an y

o f the de fa ults , the c o s ts o f the se de fa ults m ust

be pa id b e fo re y o u ca n be h e a rd , a s in the pre
ce di n
g T i tle T hi s be in
.
g d o ne ,
y o ur in te re st i s

to be propo un de d a nd all e ge d,a n d fid ejusso ry s e

curity is to be giv e n by y o u to a bi de the jud g
ment, to pa y the costs in ca se y o u fail in sup
or ting y our claim a n d to ra tify th e a cts o f y o ur
p ,

Pro cto r . The plain tiff must al so give

m y se curity to a bide the
co sts if y o u to ra tify the a cts o f
hi s Pro cto r .

the goo ds a re ke pt und er the arre st o r se que s ~

tra ta d . A n d if y o u pro ve y o ur inte re st the y

ar e to be d e li ve re d to y o u, a n d the la in tiff m ust
p
a y the co sts ; a n d, e con tra , if y o u fa il the y
’

p
must be pai d by yo u .

The e x pe n s e s o f thi s ma cy
s o rt o f c o ntu a re un ce r
ta i n , fo r if y o u be pro n o un ce d to h a v e i n curr e d o n e de
fa ult, o n e s um i s to be pa id , a n d if y o u a re i n ma n y dc»
fa ults , i t is to be in cre a se d a ccor din g to the nu be r o f m
m
fla e de fa ults .
 On the Insta nce s ide . 79

TI T 39 . . Of a third

A third p y
a rt interv e ning for his inte re st
a fte r the first de cree ha s be e n ro n o un ce d , is
p
n o t to be he a rd , a s was sa i d be fo re in Tit 37 . .

unle ss th e co sts a s the n ta x e d be a id a nd the n

p
th e inte re st is to be pro po un de an d a lle ge d ,
a n d fid e uss or
d
j y s e cu ri ty 1 3 to b e
g iv e n a ccor din
g
to the e ffe cts w hi ch w e re me n tio ne d In Tit 38 . .

o f th e a e ar a n ce o f a th ir d e rso n , &c A s
pp p .

th e pe rso n w ho w o uld h a v e h a d the goo d s

upo n th e first d e cre e , in tro d uce s a no the r fid e
e c urity a t the tim f no un cin h
j u s so r
y s e o
pr o
g t e

fir st d e cre e , a s in the co nclusio n of Tit 35 he . .

i s bo un d o nly to giv e se c urity fo r his a ppe ar

a n c e fr o m tim e to th e , a nd a t the he a rin , to
g
s ub m i t to the se nte nce , to pa y the co sts a n d to
co n firmthe a cts o f hi s Pro cto r .

B ut In th e sa me ma nn e r th at the Pro c to r for

e ith e r a rt i s di scha rge d fro m hi s o f fice , a n d
p y
ce a se s to be the Pr o cto r whe n the d e finitiv e se n

te n ce Is pro no un ce d , hi s o ffic e ma y a lso term i

na t e a s soo n a s he o bta in s th e first d e cree , a nd
th e prin cipal Is ut into po sse s sio n o f the goo s,
p
the Th us the pe rso n wh o in te rve ne s fo r hi s In
.
d
ter e st in this w a y is o b lige d to s umm o n the
pr in
s i al if h e be ali v e , o r his fid usso re s who a re
p ej
bo un d fo r him, a s a bo v e , to an swe r wha tsoe ve r,
fire a s a b o v e in Tit 35 to sho w ca use why he
. . .

sho uld no t be a dm itte d to pro po un d fo r his inte r

De te rti o i n te rv e n i e n te V i d G a il L
.i b I
. o
. b s . 69 .

ct Se ue n t e r to tum P e c k i u s d e jure s i s te n di ca
p
q p . . . .

40 e r to tu
.
p m
e t nu 1 0 . .
80 Pra ctice f
o the Co ur t f
o A dmi ra lty

e st in certa in g
oo d
s w hi ch w e re l a te ly ta k e n

u n d e r a fi r st d e c re e , a s th e
goo d s o f s u c h a
p e r

so n a n d he is to be a d m itte d to de fe n d hi s in
te re s t i n thi s m a nn e r . I f th e
p e r so n s w ho a re

cite d d o no t a ppe ar , a W a rra nt i s to is s ue fo r the

a tta chin g a n d a rre sting o f th e m until the y d o

a pe a r B ut if th e y h a v e a ppe are d , th e th i rd
p .

e rso n o ught to be a dmitte d to pro v e his inte r

p
e st, a n d the pro ce e din gs a re to be in a ll thin gs,
as in o r din a ry ca se s .

TI T 40 Tha t the pla in tifi ma y o bta i n a

'

. .
fi rst

decree , a s well aga ins t the pe rs o n to who m the

oo ds whi ch a re a tta che d a re a llege d to belo n ,
g g
a s a a i n s t a l l othe rs who do no t a
g pp ea r .

A O thi rd pe rso n inte rv e n e for hi s i n

LTH UG H a

te re st in goo d s w hich ha v e be e n a tta ch e d by

o u, a s the ro e rt o f a no the r w ho i s in u
y p p y y o r

d e b t, y e t y o u ma y pro ce e d a n d fo llo w th e a fo re
sai d a rre st, in th e m a nn e r re scribe d a ain st
p g
o ur d e bto r, a n d a ga in st a ll o the r s A n d in
y .

a i n o f his co ntuma c a nd o f tho se w ho a re

'

p y
cite d in ge n e ral , e x ce tin th e e rso n who h a s
p g p
e are d , y o u ma r ce e d to de fa ults a n d o h
a
pp y p o

ta i n a d e cre e fo r putti ng y o u in po sse ssio n o f

th e goo d s, quo a d tho se pe rso n s wh o h a ve b e e n
de clare d in co ntuma cy But the go o d s a re no t
.

to be d e liv e re d to y o u d uring the c o ntro v e r sy

be tw e e n y o u a n d the thir d pe rso n who h as in
te rv e n e d fo r hi s inte re st .
 On the Insta nce si de . 81

T I T 41 . . The ma nner of a rres tin

g y o ur o wn

Se s sed by a no ther * .

It o fte nha ppe n s a nd e spe cia lly in time of

,

W a r or co mmo ti o n , that yo ur goo ds o r v e sse l a re

t a k e n by e n e m ie s or pira te s, a n d a fte rwa rd s
brou h t t this kin do m; o r a re d
g o g p o s se ss e or
d e tai ne d by o the rs in so me o th e r ma nne r ; or
‘

th e fa cto r o r a ge nt o f y o ur co rre s o n de nts in

p
a rts be o n d se a s, ma co n si n ce rta in d t
p y y g g oo s o

y o u r u se o r b e n e fit, a n d th e y a re d e ta i n e d n u
s se d b y so m I n s uch c a
j u s tly p o s se e
p e rso n .
.

se s o u ma o btai n a W a rra n t to a rre st the

y y
o o d s a fte r thl s ma nne r a s y o ur ro e r d
g p p g oo s :

a n d al so a cita tio n a s w e ll a gai n st tho se in ar ti

p
e v l a r th us o c cu y ing o r de ta in in , a s a a in st all
p g g
o th e r s in ge ne ral , w ho h a v e o r pre te n d to h a v e

a n y inte re st in the m, to a n sw e r y o u in a c e rtain

c a u se o f a civ il a n d m aritim e na ture Which .

W a rran t b e ing e x e cute d a nd re turne d a s a bo ve ,

in Tit 33, if no o ne a ppe ar, the pro ce e dings
.

a r e to be in a ll thi n gs a s a b o v e , Tit 31 , a n d .

a fte r the fo urth d e fa ult, the goo d s a r e to b e a d

u dge d to y o u ; n o t for a de bt a s in the fo rm

j er

c a se , b ut the de cre e i s to be tha t in pa in of the

c o n tum a cy o f th o se w ho h a v e no t a ppe are d, the

o o d s be lo ng to y o u, a n d be ing yo ur pro pe rty ,

g
o u are to b e put in po sse ssio n of the m
y .

Si b on a fue rin t i n a li quh n a v i v e l i ntra j uri s dicti

o ue m a d m ir a lli i mb ct s i si nt in te rr a me x po rta ta , e t I n
ce l a ri o i m
a
r ,
l
i n e x ca
p
m
o s
bi
i
o
ta

v e l
N
a
.

l
a
i
m
b i ,
e
e
t
t
p
a
e
r
r
re
s o

s
n
ta
a
r i
p
,
a
e
s
t
’
s
h
u
o
n
c
t
fi
c
t
a p
q
I
u o tI
mt
d
g:
I e
.

. k
V i d Bro o e s A bri dg Tit A d ira l
’
. . m l ,
82 P ra ctice f
o the Cour t f
o A dmi r a lty

A DDI TI O NS To TI TLE 4 1 .

[ T hi s Title
,
a nd the tw o i nune dia te ly f o ll o w
ing a re
,
th e o n l y s e c ti o n s in th is w h o le w o r k ,
t h a t

re la te to a p r o c e e d i n
g w h ic h m a
y b e c a l le d p ro

p e rly a n d di re c tly i n r em , th a t i s ,
a s u i t a
g a i n s t

g oo d s o r a ffe c ts w hi c h th e a c to r c l ai m s t o b e h i s

e r ty o r to b e e n t itl e d to s e i z e o r
p o s s e s s b y
p pro ,

v irtue o f so m e lie n e x pre ss o r im p li e d ; f o r th e

a tta chm e nt o f th e go o d s o f a b se nt d e bto rs , b e

ing in t e n d e d f o r t he purpo se o f co mpe llin g a n

e a ra n ce , m a
y b e co n si d e re d a s a sui t
q u as i
a
pp
in persona m He re , the n, cle a rly a ppe a rs th e
.

fal sxty Of the ma x im which ha s so lo n g pre v a il

e d in the Co urts Of Co mm o n La w , th a t th e j uri s

d Ictio n o f the Co urt o f A d miral ty w a s me re ly in

r em lt to be la me nte d th a t the b li nd
.
j ea

lo usy O f tho se C o urts with re spe c t to thi s pa r

tic ula r j uridic a ture , h a s O fte n c a rrie d th e m b e
o n d th e bo un d s o f j usti c e a n d e v e n o f tr uth
y .

Vid 3 D urn
. Ea st 348
. . .

It is re ma rkab le tha t no no tice is ta ke n in this

title Of v e sse ls o r go o d s take n by Engli sh s ub

j e cts o f the ir e n e i m
es T
. h e f a c t i s ,
t h a t u n ti l
th e 44th y e ar o f Eli za be th the ri s di c
, p ri ze
j u
tio n w a s no t v e ste d in the Hi h Co urt o f A d
g
miral ty b ut in a Bo a rd O f Co mmissio ne rs, calle d
,

The Co mmissio ne r s fo r c a use s O f d e pre da

”
tion s . B ut in thi s y e a r, ( 1 602 ) th e Que e n is
s ue d a ro cla m t i f t h f
p a o n o r e
p pu r o se O r e
p r e s s
mg de pre da tio ns upo n the high se a s, by the third
a rticle o f w hi c h she ordai n e d tha t a ll a dm ra ll
,
y
ca us es , ( exce t tho se de endin
p p g f b e o r e t h e C o m
missio ne rs for ca use s o f de pre da tion ) sho uld be
 On the Insta nce side . 83

summar ily hea rd by the J ug e i f the High Co ur t

of A dm i r a lty Witho ut a dmi tting a ny unnecess a r
,
y
dela y Ro b Co lle ct
. . . M a rit 2 6
. .

S uch is the o rigin of the j

rize urisd ictio n o f
p
the Hi h Co urt o f A d m i lt f E l d A t
g ra
y o n
g a n .

the ti m e whe n o ur a utho ur wro te it wa s m e re ly a

Ci v i l Co urt Of In sta nce ; a nd the re fo re we must
no t b e a stoni she d a t n o t findi n
g an
y m e ntio n O f
Its o we r s o r ti C t f P i It
p p ra c c e a s a o ur o r z e .

a
pp e a r s, h o w e v e r, th a t it to o k co niza nce , in ci
g
de n ta lly , o f ma tte rs w hi ch a re n o w cle a rl w ithin
y
the j urisdi c tion o f A d mira lt C o urts a s in the
y ,

ca s e which is me n tio ne d in the te x t O f En li sh

g
ve s s e ls ta ke n b e ne m ie s, a n d a fte r wa rd s b ro u h t
y g
into Engla nd . The pro pe rty to the se w a s O ften
di s p ute d o n v a rio us gro un ds : such as the ir no t
ha v ing be e n bro ught i nfra prcrsidia o f the ca p
to rs , a nd o the r simila r po ints, whi ch fro mthe Old
ro hi biti o n cas e s a t h v e b e e n , in fo rm r
p pp e a r o a e

tim e s , v e r muc h liti a te d in the C o urt o f A m

y g
mira lty a n d the Co urts Of Co mmo n La w sho w
e d a dis o sitio n, m o re th a n o n ce , to pr o hibit its
p
p ro c e e din s in c a se s o f tha t d e scri ti o n
g p E. v en

so la te a s the 9 th e a r O f W illia m Il l L o rd
y .

Holt a n d a no the r Judge we re Of o pinio n tha t a

p ro hi b it i o n sh o ul d g o to a s u it b y th e o r ig in a l
o wne r o f a v e sse l ta ke n b
y th
of w a r a nd ca rrie d into Be r e n in No rw a , i n
e F re nch in ti e
m
g y
Which the rin cipa l que stio n w a s, w he the r she
p
ha d be e n le al ly co nd e mned S h e rm o ulin v
g . .

Sa nds 1 Lo rd Ra m 2 7 1 A t th a t ti m e , s uch
. .
y . .

a suit wa s co n si de re d a s w ithin the ris d icti

j u
Of th e I n s ta nce a n d n o t o f th e Pri ze Co urt
,
for

the a
pp e a l ro mth e
f C o u r t O f A d m i ra lty , i n th a t
84. Pra ctice o
f the Court of A dmira lty

ca se wa s ca rri e d to the De le ga te s a s in a n or
,

di n a ry suit, a n d not to the Lo rd s Of A ppe a l in

Pri ze ca use s Lo rd Ra ym ut supra
. . .

B ut in re ce nt time s, we fin d tha t case s pre

cise ly sim ilar ha v e b e e n d e te rmi ne d , not in the
In sta nce , b ut in the Prize Co urt, an d the a ppe a ls
h a v e b e e n ca rrie d to the Lo r ds o f A ppe al a s in
o th e r c a se s Of pri ze The Hend rick a nd M
.

4: Ro b 35 A m E d 43 E ng E d 6 Rob 1 38
. . . . . . . . .

Eng E d . S a me ca se , o n a ppe a l ; a n d se c Ro
.

hin so n s Re po rts, pa s sim

’
.

It is e v i d e nt, fro m a pa ssa ge in thi s title , that

th e Co urt o fA dmira lty , a t the time whe n Cle r lce
wr o te thi s Pra x is , ha d , o r a t le a st to ok, co gui
za n ce o f b ills o f la din g a nd fre ight It i s c e r .

ta in tha t in all th e ir co nte sts with th e Co ur ts o f

Co mmo n La w, they inv aria bly c la ime d, a mo ng
o the rs, tha t partic ula r bra n ch o f uri sd i ctio n
j .

B ut it w a s a t le ngth wre ste d fro m the m, a n d

th e y h a v e be e n o b li ge d to a cquie sce It d o e s .

n o t se e m h o we v e r to h a v e b e e d i u t d d u
, , n s
p e r
ing the re ign o f Que e n Eliza be th ; for o ur a u
tho ur a ppe a rs to c o n si de r it a s a pa rt O f the re
ula r a n d we ll e sta bli she d uris di ctio n O f the
g j
—
Co urt 7h ]

a nd e ti tor a cti o ns
28
s or
y p y .

If y o ur goo d s hav e bee n arre ste d a s the

pro pert
y o f a n o th e r, a n d y o u, e i the r in
prO

[
33
A e ti tor a cti o n a t C iv i l La w , i s s uit i n w hi c h
p y a

t h e rI l
g e rty I s q
in ue stio n : a oss es s or y s uit
I s th a t I n t ch t pe right o f po s se ssi o n o n y i s co n te s te d .
 On the Insta nce si de . 85

p er
pe rson or by a n o the ri n y o ur n a m e a n d
fo r y o ur use , we re in po sse ssio n Of the m a t the
t i me o f th e arre st, y o u ma y a ppe a r in pe rso n
b e fo re th e Judge , or y o ur Pro cto r may alle e a s
g
fo llo w s
I e x hibit my pro x y li te ral ly fo r N a n d I ma ke
.

my se lf a party to the sa me a n d to a ll in be tte r

r i ght, &c —m o re o v e r I al le e to e v e r ff t i
.
g y e e c n

la w , tha t a t the time o f the inte rpo sitio n o f the

a r re st, m clie nt w a s in b l a nd u i t
y p e a ce a e
q e
p o sw

s e ssi o n O f the o o d s a tta che d n o t b f

g y o rc e , c o n

c e al m e nt, thre a ts, no r a t th e w ill o f a n othe r .

A n d the re fo re I pra y th a t po sse ssio n o f the se

o o d s b e d e cre e d to m y clie nt in
p re fe re n ce to
g
a l l o the rs, a n d tha t he be m a in ta ine d in hi s os
p
s e ssio n ; tha t the a tta chm e nt whic h w a s inte r

o se d by o th e rs by the a utho rity O f the C o urt

p
b e disso lv e d , a n d tha t j ustice a nd right be do n e
a n d a dm in iste re d .

If the pla intiff, a t w h o se insta n c e the a tta ch

me nt w as ma de , d e nie s the se a lle ga tio n s the y ,

a re to b e co n si d e re d s e pa ra te ly a n d c o njo intly ,

a n d a tim e is to be a ssi ne d fo r pro v in

g t h m
g e .

Y e t it is e x pe die nt tha t a pro te sta tio n b e ma d e

b y y o u, tha t it i s no t y o ur inte ntio n to pro ce e d
b y pe tito ry but by po sse sso ry title A n d the
.

l ain tiff w ho h a th a tta ch e d the go o d s a s his ro

p p
e rty , ca n a lle ge himse lf to ha v e be e n a nd to
p
b e the la wful po sse sso r, a n d in the po sse ssio n Of
th e se go o d s, a n d ma ke his re plica tio n a s fo llo ws :

T h us , a n a cti o n o f ej e ctme n t a t C o mmo n L a w , i s w ithi n

th e l a tte r d e s cri p ti o n w hi le a s ui t O f r i
ght I s c o mprI ze d
e r —Tr ]
,

wi thi n the fo rm
86 Pra cti ce of the Court of A dmira lty

Tha t so fa r as the a fo re sa id N .
‘wa s a t a ny

time de f a c to in p o sse ssio n o f the a fo re sa id

o o d s, the sa m o sse ssio n w a s o bta ine d a n d is

g e
p
h e ld by fo rce , v iole nce , thre a ts, cra ft, fra ud, or
”
a t the will o f a no the r .

A n d tha t a lle ga tio n is to be pro po se d se pa

ra te ly a n d co njo in tly a n d the sa m e be in ad
g
mitte d o n bo th side s, the pro ce e din g is to be
o s se ss o ry , a n d u o n pro v in g the sa m e , he shall
p p
o b ta in the po sse s si o n o f the goo d s a tta che d , al

tho ugh the a fo re sa i d alle ga tio n s w e re put in g

e
n e ra lly , w hich m o d e is to be
p re fe rre d Y
. e t 1 t i s

la w ful fo r the pa rtie s to spe cify a nd de clare

the se ge ne ral al le ga tio ns ac co rdi ng to the truth
a n d fa ct o f th e c a se .

B ut this i s to be no te d , tha t be fo re th e pa r ty
sh a ll be put in a c tua l o sse s sio n o f the a fo re sai d
p
o o d s, the y a r e to be a ra i se d by o rd e r o f th e
g pp
Judge , a cc o rding to the ir true v a lue , a n d upo n
ro o f o f th e a p rai se me nt the a rt w h o oh
p p , p y
ta i n e d th e po s se s s o ry d e cre e is to be bo un d in
fid ejusso ry se c urity , to a n swe r the a d v e rse pa rty
in a p e tito r
y a c ti o n— th a t i s to sa , he sha ll be
y
bo und to re sto re the a fore said go od s witho ut
w a ste , in case his a d v e rsa ry sha ll succe e d in th e
e tito ry c a use : a n d a lso to a bid e b th
p y e se n

te n ce , to pa y the co sts a n d to ra tify the a cts o f

hi s Pro cto r in th a t be ha lf: this, a t le a st i s to b e
d o ne i f his a d v e rsary sha ll ha v e pra y e d pro ce e d
ings i n a pe tito ry a c tio n, o r sha ll ha v e pro te ste d
a a in st ro ce e din t h e sa m
g p g l n e .

But a llo wing tha t the a dv e rsa ry l s unwilling to

ro ce e d to th e e tito ry a ctio n, o n a cco un t o f
p p
He w h o i n te r v e ne d for hi s i nte re s t
.
 On the I nsta nce side . 87

the pro of which wa s e x hibite d in the o sse sso ry

p
.

a ctio n , b e ca use he who h a s succe e de d in the

fo rme r w ill proba bly succe e d in the la tte r ; y e t,
i n furthe r co ntin ua tio n o f his right in the a fo re
s a id o o d s, th e w h u d d i t h
g pe rs o n o s cc e e e n e

p o s se sso r
y a cti o n m a
y p r o c e e d to a
p e tito r
y a o
t i o n a n d o b ta in se nte nce in B
”
e ti to rzo ut he
'

p .

i s bo und to file a libe l de no w , a n d if the wit

n e sse s w h o we re ro d uce d in the o sse sso ry
p p
s h a ll n o t su o rt the ri h t o f the a rt in the
pp g p y
e tito r , h e i s a t lib e rt t r o d uc e o th e rs B u t
p y y o
p .

if the co mplai n t o f th e plai n tiff w a s sufli cie ntly

e sta bli sh e d by the w i tne sse s who w e re pro d uce d

th e po sse sso ry a cti o n , a nd the pro ce e d in gs in

th a t ca use are ex hi bite d in the pe tito ry a ctio n
’“

th e y sh all ha v e full fa ith a n d cre dit A nd the .

d e fe nd a nt may d o a ll things , if no t sa tisfie d with

th e se nte n c e in the po sse sso ry , h e sha ll pro ce e d

Fo rme rly p , a n d a rti c ula r l

y th e t i me w h
ate n t hi s

w o rk w a s w ritte n , the C o urt o f A d mira lty o f En gla n d

h a d co gn i z a n c e o f pe ti to ry s ui ts fo r s h ips w he n th e righ t
o f pr o e r ty o r o w n e r s h i th o f w a s i n c o n tr o v e r s
p p e r e y .

S e e th e c a s e o f the A ur or a 3 R o b 1 1 4 A m Ed By
. . .

s u cce s s i v e pr o hi biti o n s i t h a d b e e n r e s tri cte d to th e e n

fo r ce me n t o f ce r ta i n ma ri ti me li e n s , s uch a s h y po the
c a ti o n s a n d ma ri n e r s w a e s h d m i r a lty C o urt
’
g b ut t e A
s ti ll e n te rta in s o s s e s s o ry s ui ts fo r s hips a n d v e s s e ls i n
p
ce rta i n c a s e s , s uc h a s be tw e e n a r t o w n e r s , 2 Br o C i v
p . .

A d m La w 4 06
. . A n d i n s o me o th e r c a s e s , o f w h i ch
.

in s ta n ce s ma y be fo un d i n R o b i n s o n s Re po rts ’
.

But i n tho s e ca se s the C o urt w i ll n o t d cc i d e the que s

ti o n o f pro pe rty : a n d i n pa s s in g a d e cre e o n th e right
of o s s e s s i o n , i t w i ll lo o k o n l to th e c le a r le ga l ti tle ,
y
w i t o ut ta k in g n o ti ce o f a ny e qui ta b le c la i ms w hi c h
mus t be e n fo rce d in o the r C o urts The S is ter s 5 Rob . . .

A dm R ep 1 44 A m E d
. . . Tr ]
. .
- .

F o r th e re co r d s i n o n e udgme n t a re pro o f in a no
'

the r . G a il Lib l O b s 1 0 i n fin e
. . . . .
88 Pra ctice f
o the Co urt f
o A dmira lty

to his pe tito ry a cti o n A n d ifhe succe e d in tha t

.

ca use , the a fo re sai d go o d s a re to be a djudge d

to hi m a n d hi s a d v ersa ry is to b e c o n d e n e d to m
p ay the co sts w hi ch ha v e b e e n inc urre d In .

this pe tito ry actio n the pro ce e dings a re to b e in

a ll things a s in o the r m a ritim e c a use s A nd .

no te , tha t the
pla intif
f ) “ b e fo re h e i s a d m i tte d to

ro oun d fo r his in te re st in th e e tito r a c ti on,

p p p y
is b o und to give fid ejusso ry se curity to pro se
cute hi s c a use , to pa y the c o sts, to ra tify th e a cts

o f h is Pro cto r, a n d to sub m it to the se nte n ce .

But a ltho ugh it is sa id a b o v e , tha t he wh o o b ta ins

j g
u d m e nt l n the po sse sso ry a ctio n, is he ld to
g i ve

fid ejusso ry se c urity fo r the re stitutio n o f the

o o d s wi tho ut 1nj ur y ; y e t if the y a re in d a n er
g g
o f pe ris ing d uring the pe nd e ncy o f the
h p e ti

to ry a cti o n, the y o ught to be v al ue d a cco r d in g

to the dire ctio n s mthe fo llo wing Title .

Trr 43 . . S equ
es tra tio n of the goo ds pe nde n te
lite Ved Cler Pram Eccl Tit 1 89 p er
'

. . . . . . .

W HILE the c a use , whe the r it b e pe tito ry o r

p o sse s so r
y i s in C o urt, the go o ds a re to be s e
u t ra te d o r ke t un de r a rre st, a nd d e liv e re d to
q e s
p
th e c usto dy o f so me o ne wh o sta nd s in diffe re n t
b e twe e n the partie s But if the go o ds b e suc h
.

th a t the y ar e lia ble to i njury by b e ing ke pt, o r

be o the r wi se d e te rio ra te d in v a lue be fo re th e
d e te rmin a tio n o f the c a use , the Judge , o n th e
e titi o n o f o n e o f th e art ie s, alth o ugh th e
p p

He w h o fir st a tta che d the go o d s .

 On the I ns ta nc e side . 89

ot her o p o se it, if the pre mise s be ma de a ppa

p
:

r e n t to h1m m d th t th d h ll b
,
a
y e c re e a e
g o o s s a e
y a l ue d b skilful a n d im a rti a l m m d b
y p e n n a e
y ,

th e pa rties a nd a ppro v e d by the J ud e T h

g e .

v a l ue o f the m i s to be d e o site d with the Jud e

p g
o r hi s Re i strar fo r the use o f himwho m
g a
y s ue

c e e d in the c a use .

Tl 44 The
'

r a rre s t o
f oods by d ifierent cre
'
. .

I F a ny o ne be in d e bte d to d iv e rs pe rso n s, a nd
d iffe re nt W a rra n ts a re sue d o ut a ga in st his pro
.

e rty , a n d if th e s a m e be a tta che d fo r the u r

p p
o s e o f se curing the pa yme nt o f the se de bts i
p .
n
thi s c a se , i f the go o d s thus a tta che d, be n o t s uffi
cie nt fo r th e pa y me nt o f a ll the cre dito rs, he i s to

b e pre fe rre d w ho in stitute d the first a ctio n o r

r o cure d th e a fo re sa i d go o d s to be a tta ch e d , a nd
p
h e sha ll o bta in the fir st de cre e o f the Judge to
u t hi m in po sse ssio n
p .

A lso thi s sa me o rde r a nd fo rm i s to be o h

s e r v e d r e spe c tin the o th e r cre dito rs, if a ny pr o
g
e rty re ma in a fte r the first c re di to r h a s be e n
p
a i d , a lth o ugh the re b e no t sufficie nt to discha rge
p
all the clai m s .

Trr 45 . . Of the o a th of ca lumny a nd wha t

clauses a re co nta ined in i t .

OF the o a th o f ca lumny a nd wha t cla use s are

co ntain e d in it, re a d the title 1 5 1 , in G le rke s
’

Pra ctice o f the E c cle sia stica l C o urt .

90 Pra ctice of the Court of A dmiral ty

A D DI TI O NS To TI TLE 45 .

[T h e fo llo w in
g i s th e o a th h e re re fe rre d to

w
Y o u sh a ll s e a r tha t y o u b e lie v e th a t t h e
c a use
y o u mo ve
is just ; tha t y o u w ill no t d e n y
an th in u b e lie v e is truth, w h e n y o u a re
y g y o

a ske d o f it ; tha t
y o u wi ll n o t ( to
y o ur k n o w

le dge ) use a ny fal se pro o f ; tha t y o u w ill n o t o ut

o f fra ud re que st a ny d e la y , so a s to pro tr a ct th e

sui t : th a t o u h a v e no t i ro m ise d a n
y g v e n, or
p y
thing, ne ithe r w ill giv e , o r pro m i se a ny thin g in
o rde r to o b ta in th e vi c to ry , e x c e pt to such pe r

so n s to wh o m th e la ws d o pe rm it So h e lp,
.

th e
Or, th us, a s a n e lde r a uth o ur qua intly gi v e s it
i n v e rs e

Y hu th i s s ha ll sw e ar th a t thi s y o ur s ui t do th me a n
R ight j us t to be a t le a s t in y o ur e s te e m .

Th a t y o u , w he n a s k d , t he truth w i ll n o t d e ny
’

or r o mi s e a u h t : n e i the r th a t k n o w i n l

g
on a ny 1 a s e
p
ro o sf w i ll e m
p
lo y,
gy

N or ur
g e d e la y , the c a us e to n oy .

Clarke giv e s i t in Monkish La tin v e rse , th us :

I llud j ure tur, quo d li s ti bi j us ta v i de tur ,

E t s i quasre tur, v e r um n o n in fi cie tur,
N ie u ro mitte tur, n e e fa ls a roba ti o d e tur ,
.

p
U t i s ta rde tur, d nla ti o n u la pe te tur .

This o a th , sa y s
Cle rke , in the title a bov e ci te d
p . 2 1 3 ,
i s th e
gen er a l o a th o f c a lum ny It i s t o .

be ta ke n o nce i n t h e co urse o f the suit, a nd e

g
n era lly i m me dia te ly a fte r the contes ta tio li tis ;
tha t i s, a s so o n a s the c a use is a t is sue ; but, if it
b e the n omitte d , the Judge ma re uire it a t a n
y q y
sub se ue n t sta e o f the
q g p ro ce cd m gs B ut th .e r e
 On the I ns ta n ce s ide . 91

is a lso a specia l o a th o f ca lumny , o the r wi se ca lle d

ma litice no n co inmi ttendte, which the Judge ma y
a dm ini ste r to the pa rtie s a n d e v e n co mpe l th e m
.

to ta ke , e ithe r be fo re o r a fte r c o nte sta ti o n o f

suit, w h e th e r the ener a l o a th h a d be e n re v L
g p
ousl t a ke n o r n o t
y .

Th e o a th o f ca lumny ha s o fte n a ffo rde d a s ub

je c t o f m ir th to the
p r a c titi o n e rs o f th e C o m m o n
La w , a s b e ing a use le s s ce re mo ny a n d a s o fte n
le a di ng to pe rjury But in a n illibe ra l a n x ie ty
'

to d e tra c t fro mth e me rit o f th a t e x ce lle n t co d e ,

whi ch h a s gro wn gre y by the a wful ho a r of in
num e ra ble a e s , its o o n e n ts se e mto fo r e t th a t
g pp g
ma ny o a th s a nal o go us to this ma y b e fo un d in
the C o mmo n La w i tse lf
‘
. The qflida v i t to hold
to ba il i s, so fa r, a n o a th o f c a lumny : so is the
af fi d a v i t which i s us ua lly ma de to po stpo ne o r
co n tin ue a ca use , th a t th e te stim on o f n ah
y a

se n t w itn e s s i s ma te ri al to th e o in t i n i s s ue
p .

A n a ffi d a v i t o f d e fe n c e , a s it is c a lle d , w h ich is

ma d e o n a mo tio n to o pe n a j udgme nt ta ke n by
de fa ult a nd in o the r ca se s, a n d w hic h sta te s th a t
the d e fe n d a nt c o n ce iv e s he h a s a j ust a n d le ga l
de fe n ce to the plai ntiff s d e ma n d , i s o f th e sa me
’

na tu re . In Pe n nsy lv a nia , th e pa rty w ho a pplie s

fo r a d iv o rce , un de r a n a ct o f A sse mbly o f tha t
Sta te , i s o blige d to ma ke o a th tha t the fa c ts
co nt ai n e d in his o r h e r pe titio n a re true , to the

be st o f his o r he r kn o w le dge an d be li e f ; th a t
the c o mpla in t i s no t ma d e o ut o f le vi ty , no r by
co llusio n b e tw e e n the husb a n d a nd w i fe , n o r fo r

th e me re pur po se o f be ing fre e d a nd se pa ra te d

fro me a ch o the r, but in sin ce rity a nd truth, fo r
92 Pra ctice o f the Court f
o A dmira l ty

th e ca use s in th e
p e ti ti o n m e ntio ne d . 2 . La ws
Pe n n 38 4. D all a s.s E d i
’
tio n — Tn ]

TI T . T
46 he
p ro
.
po s ing m a tte r o
f def e nc e o
f ,

ro ound ngi exce

p tio n s a n d o
f c o rro bo r a tin
g
p p ,

t e ev idence of witne s ses

h .

A LL the se ma tte rs re spe ctive ly a re tre a te d at

O P i i h E l i i
’
l g
e n t h in u gh to n s ra c t ce n t e c c e s a s t
cal C o ur t s T it .9 9 1
. 0 0 . 1 0.1 1 0 2 o.
f th
. e m a n

n e r o
f ta ki n
g ex ce
p tio n s to w i tn e s s e s , o
fp r o

o undin excep tio ns on the pa r t of the pla in tifl

p g
&c . How often exceptions ma y be pr opounded
in E ccles i a s tica l ca use s , &c .

Y e t n o te , th a t a cco rd ing to the a n cie nt style

a nd ra ctice o f th e C o urt o f A d m i ra lt e x ce
p y p
,

tio n s o f the sa me na ture a re a d mitte d in ge n e

ra l a s uf ficie nt tim e be in
g a llo w e d b
y t h e J ud e
g
to spe cify the se ge n e ra l e x ce ptio n s , a n d for
r o v in a s w e ll tho se in ge ne ra l a s th o se in
p g p ar

ti cular .

A DD I TI O N TO TI TLE 46 .

[I n th e th ir d e di ti o n th i s title c o n clu d e s w ith

the follo wing e x pla na to ry re ma rk :
Tha t is to sa y , whe n ge neral e x ce ptio n
a dm i tte d, i f a proba to ry te rm be a llo we d for
suppo rting th e m a n d a fte r w d e cial e x ce
, a r s s p p
ti o n s a re put m, a ne w te rm fo r pro ving th e mis
no t to b e a ssigne d , but the witne sses m ust be
bro ught fo rwa rd pre vio us to the e x pira tion
 On the Ins ta nce s ide . 98

of the te rm a llo w e d for su

p
po rtin
g the e ne ra l
g
e x ce p tio ns — 7h ]

TI T 47
. . The su
pple tor
y o a th .

THI S o a th may be pray e d is gra nte d in all

a nd
maritime ca uses : but o f the ma nne r in whi ch
y o u m us t a s sig n c a use fo r o bt a in in g it re a d t h e ,

title of the s u
pp le tor
y oa th o
f pth e rin c ip a l in the

P r a ctice C a r Ecc pe r O ughto n um, Tit 1 86

. . . .

[ p
a a rt o f w h i ch I th in k r
p p o e r to tra n sla te ,
a n d
a d d to this ch a ter —Tr ]
p . .

A DDI TI ONS To TI TLE 47 .

[I
‘
f th e
p la i ntifl h a s n o t fu lly p ro v e d h i s a lle

a ti o n , b ut h a s o nl ive n a half ro o f the re o f,

g y g p
-

(s e m i
-

p le n a
p r o b a tio ,)
h e m a a
y pp e a r b e fo r e t h e

Judge a nd pro po un d a s follo w s

I, N d o alle ge tha t I ha v e pro v e d the a lle
.

a tio n s co ntai n e d in m li be l, &c I sa

y th a t
g y .

I h a v e pro v e d the mfully o r a t le a st, h a lf fully

,
-

I re fe r my se lf to the a cts o f Co urt a nd to the

la w, a nd I th e re fo re pra y th a t the supple to ry
o a th m a
y b e a d m in i st e re d to me , fo r s o th e l a w
”
a nd justice re quire .

The n the Pro ctor of the a dve rse party will

I de ny tha t tho se a lle ga tio ns are true I .

p rote st of the ir nullit a n d I lle

ge th a t th e
y a

s a id o a th o u ht n ot to be a d iniste re d, re fer
g m
rin
g y m se lf to l aw .
94 Pra ctice of the Court of A dmi ra lty

T he n the Judge sh a ll a s si n
g a time to h e a r

th e p a r t i e s a n d d e c r e e t h ere o n. A n d i fh e s h a ll
b e sa t i sfi e d ,
t h a t t h e
p ya r t w h o ra
p y s to h a v e

th e o a t h a d m i n i st e r e d t o t h e m ,
h a s m a d e m o r e

t h a n h a l f-

p r o o f, o r a t l e a s t,
h a lf -

p ro o f o f h i s a l
le g a tio n ,
h e i s b o u n d to a d m in i s te r t h e o a t h t o

h i m i n t h o s e c a s e s i n w h i c h t h e l a w p e rm i t s it ;
c o n s ult, h o w e v e r, wi th e x pe rie n ce d pra c titio n

e rs a s to wh a t th o se ca s e s a re
,
‘

. The n the party

sh a ll m a ke o a th, tha t of hi s own ce r ta in know
”
ledge the fa cts s ta te d in his a llega tio n a re true .

If, h o w e v e r, the pa rty a gai nst wh o m the o a th

is pra y e d , sho ul d b e pro v e d by h is a d ve rsary ,
to be a pe rso n of infa mo us o r ba d chara cte r, the
o a th is the n i n no ca se to be a d m iniste re d to him .

Cler /cc ut s up ci t 2 5 6 . .

A s by the C ivil La w, the te stimo ny o f o n e

w itne ss is n o t sufficie nt to co n stitute full pro o f o f
a fa ct, it i s ne ce ssa r so m e tim e s in s uch a n d in
y
o the r ca se s , whe n the re wo uld o th e rw ise b e

ma nife st inj ustice , to c o mple te the pro o f by the

o a th o f th e
p ya rt . T h is is , w ha t i s ca lle d the

su
pp le to ry o a th . T h us, a t Co m m o n La w , w he n

a tra de sm an
p ro d uce s his bo o ks a s e v i d e n ce o f

a cla i mfo r goo d s so ld a nd de liv e re d , o r w o rk

a nd la bo ur d o ne a n d e rfo rm e d , the bo o ks no t
p
be in g o f th e mse lve s, s ufficie nt le ga l e v id e n ce ,
th e pa r ty i s a dmitte d to swe a r th a t th e y a re his
b o oks o f o riginal e ntrie s, tha t the e ntrie s w e re
ma de fai rly , a t the time , See a nd tha t the mon e y
.

whi ch is cha rge d i s justly d ue to him In this .

ma nn e r the pro o f be co me s co mplete , a n d th e

o a th wh ich i s a d m ini ste re d to the tra d e sma n ,
co m e s co m le te l w it h in t h e d i ti o f t h e
p y e s c r p o n
 On the I ns ta nce side . 95

su le to ry o a th In d e e d it i s cla s se d w i thin it,

pp .

i n th e c iv il la w c o un trie s w h e re tra d e sm
’
en s

d e b ts a re pro v e d in th e sa me w a y Vid Fer . .

r i e re D ie t v e r b o S erm
. en t .

The a dmini stratio n o fj usti ce in diffe re nt c o un

tr ie s d o e s n o t diffe r so much, a s a t first v ie w it
e a rs to d o , fo r usti ce a nd ri h t a re n e a rl
a
pp j g y
th e sa me e ve ry whe re — Tia]

TIT 48 .
'
. The f i
exhi bi tio n o
n s tr ume n ts i n su
p
p or t o f the a llega tio n s of the p a r ties .

O F th e e x hibitio n o f in strume nts a nd the a lle

a tio n s th a t a re ne ce s sa r in th a t ca se , the m
g y a n

n e r o f a n sw e rin t h e sa m e by Pro ctors a n d ri n

g p
c ipa l pa rtie s, o f the fo rm o f se tting the m fo rth

r o co n es s is wh e n the y re fu se to a n sw e r, o r d o
p f
n o t a n s w e r fully re a d Tit 1 0 4 ,
1 05 1 06 72
. . . . .

7 3 74 2 9 8 2 9 9 c o nce rning the se ma tte rs in

. . .

th e Pra c Bcc pe r Oughto num

. . .

B ut no te the se v a ria tio n s .

If the Pro cto r fo r the prin cipal pa rty re fuse

to ta ke th e o a th to a n s we r, o r fa ithfully to dis
o se to uchin t h li b e l o r o the r ma tte rs ro o s
p g e p p
se d , to which b la w h e i s bo un d to d e po se th e
y
J ud ge ma y co mmit the mto priso n on a cc o unt o f
this c o nte m i l h h k h h
‘

p,t u n t t e
y a v e ta e n t e o a t .

Or h e ma y wa rn th e m to ta ke th e o a th by 1 m
p o sin
g s o m e
p e cu nia r
y fi n e , a n d if a t le n
gth th
e y
still re fuse , he m ro no unce th e m to h a v e I n
a
y p
curr e d the e na lt f th e fi ne , a n d m a
y o rd e r
p y o
the mto sta nd c o mm itte d until the sa me be pa id .
96 Pra ctice f
o the Co ur t of A dmiralty

TIT 49 . . The co mpa ri son of le tter s .

L I KEW I S E of the fo rm a nd ma nne r of pro

d uciug instr m t f w i ti d f l l i
m
n
u e n s o r n g a n o a e
g g ,

in o rde r tha t th e y a y be c o m p a re d w i th t h e

o rigina ls, a n d o f th e t e n o u r o f t h e r e
p o rt o f
th o se b y w ho m t h e c o m p a r i s o n s h a ll b e m a d e ,

a nd o f th e e x h i b it io n o f th e sa m e , a n d o t h e r

ma tte rs w hi c h a r e n e c e ss a r
y o n thi s o c c as i o n,

re a d Tit 2 2 5 in the Pra c Ecc pe r O ugh to n um

. . . . .

TI T 5 0
. T h e exh i
. bi tion of i ns tr u men ts o
f w r i t
ing in the F rench, I talia n, or G erman la n
g u g ,
a e i n s upp or t o
f the li be l o r o the r m a tte r

r opo sed
p .

In th e instrume nt o r o the r w riting whi ch i s

o d uce d in pro o f o f the a lle a ti o n o n one si d e,
p r g
be writte n in a ny o f the a fo re sa id la n gua ge s, or
in a ny fo re ign la ngua ge , the Pro cto r by wh o mit
is pro d uce d sha ll sa y :
In suppo rt o f the co nte nts o f the libe l which
ha s be e n file d in my be ha lf, I e x hibit a ce rta in
in strume nt writte n in such a la ngua ge a nd I

ra y th a t so m e o ne skille d in tha t la n ua e , a nd
p g g
al s o in th e E n lish to n ue , b e a o in te d to m a ke
g g pp
a fa ithful tra n sla tio n o n o a th , by such a da y , a nd
tha t he be a d m o ni she d to e x hibit a s we ll the o ri

n the s a m
”
ina l a s the tra nsla te d co e da
g .
py o y .

But w h e the r the tr a n sla ti o n s h a ll b e ta e n w ith out k

furth e r e v i d e n ce Vi d G o me z Re s o lut to m 2 C a p 9
. . . . . . . .

nu 5. e t F a ri n a c
. de te s ti bus , Li b 2 Tit 6
. n e st 63 . . . . . .

n u 45
. I pre s ume the tr a n sla ti o n w o uld b e e e me d to
.

b e fa ithfu un ti l the contra ry w e re s ho w n — Tn ]

 On the I ns ta nce s ide . 97

The n the Judge sha ll sw e a r so me o ne who is

o o d a nd true , n thi s m
a n d ski lful
i a tte r, a nd
g
sh a ll a d mo ni sh him ac c o rdin g to the r aye r
p .

TI T 5 1
. . The ex hibi tio n o f the tr a ns la tion to

g h w
e t eri th the o ri ina l, a nd the
g pe ti tio n o
f the
P roctor who pre sents i t .

THE a fo re s ai d o ri
gina l a nd the co py v e ri fie d
b y th e o a th o f the tra n sla to r be in intro d uce d
g
a n d e x hi bite d , th e Pro cto r sh a l l sa u
y , ex s p er a
bun da nti :
I e x hibit th e a fo re sai d in strume nt o rigin a lly
wri tte n in the I ta lia n la n gua ge , to ge the r w ith a
co th re o f tra n sla te d in to En li sh ; a n d I a l
py e
g
l e ge tha t a ll a nd singul a r th e ma tte rs whi ch a re
c o n ta ine d in th e a fo re sai d in strume n t a re tr ue ,
-

a n d w e re tre a te d , c arrie d o n a n d d o ne , a s is

c o n ta in e d in the sa m
e , a n d th a t the co
py w h ich

is e x hibite d is fa ithfully tra nsla te d a n d a gre e s

”
with th e o rigina l .

This a ll e ga ti o n is to be sta te d se pa ra te ly a n d
th e sa me be ing a d m itte d , the Pro cto r w ho e x hi
bite d th e in strume nt, sha ll ma ke o a th tha t h e h a s
fai thfully pro po unde d the in strume nt an d a lle ga
tio n , a n d he m a
yp ra y tha t the Pro c to r o n the o
p
ite side he u t o n hi s o a th fa ithfully to an swe r
p o s
p
the s a em . This o a th the Pro cto r must ta ke a nd
he i s bo un d to ma ke o a th , a cco rding to his h e
m
lie f, im e di a te ly , o r a t the n e x t te rmif it be so
ra e d A d i f th e Pro cto r a nsw e r tha t he
p y . n
do e s not b e lie v e the se a lle gatio ns, a d e cre e is to
be pra y e d a n d pa sse d , fo r the pe rso na l a n swe rs
0
98 P ra ctice o f the Co urt of A d i ra lty m
of the a d v e rse pa rt y . Thi s be ing d one , th e
Pro cto r sh a ll sa y :
I pra y tha t a co py o f the tra n sla tio n o f th e
instrume nt be re giste re d, a n d upo n this b e ing
d o ne tha t the o riginal be re turn e d , and th a t the
re iste re d co py m a
y h a v e a s full fa ith a n d cre
g ”
dit a s the o rigina l .

The n th e Judge shal l sa y , W e de cre e a s is .

ra e d B u t th e Pro cto r sh o ul d ta ke ca r e th a t
p y .

the o ri gin a l in strume n t re ma in with the Re gis

trar, in o rde r to e na ble his a dv e rsa ry o r the
Pro cto r o f hi s a dve rsa ry to ma ke a nswe r .

A D D I TI ON S To TI TLE 5 1 .

[ I n st ru m e n ts a re for the mo st
pa rt two fo l d ,
-

il i h bli k ri a te ”
( )
s
s o e t e r
p u c or
p v .

1 A n i n s trume n t dr a w n un de r th e h a n d
.

o f a N o ta ry Pub li ck , o r o th e r
p u bli c p e r k
s o n , e ith e r i n o r o u t o f C o ur t .

2 Tha t w hi ch i s s e a le d w i th s o me ub
.

p
lic k o r a uth e n ti ck s e a l, ( th o ugh w ri tte n
by a priv a te ) a s o f a Pri n c e , C i ty , U n i v e r
s i ty o r C o lle ge .

3 A ll w ri ti n gs w h a ts o e v e r ( tho u h ri
.

g
v a te ) w hi c h a r e e x e m lifi e d b th t
p y e a n o
rity o f th e J ud e o r Ma i s tr a te
g g .

4 A ll s uc h w riti n gs a s a re ta e n o u t of
.
k
p u b li c r e k
g i s tr i e s , 8 m o r th o s e ma d e a t
.

th e publi ck a cts ; [th a t i s to s a , ma tter s

y
r e cor d
f
o
]
5 . Tho s e writings whi ch a re s ub s c rib e d
by the pe r s o n a n d w i tn e s se s . A nd th i s i s
pub li c k
a s to I ts e ffe cts
.

We semb . ff T de fide Inst

. . . 11 . 2 .
 On the I ns ta nce s ide . 99

Priva te
1 A cco un ts
i n s trum n ts
° .

a re s uc fi as
2 Pri v a te I n ve n to ri e s
0

Re gi s te rs
are ma de . or .

w 1 th o ut a n y
3 Pri v a te le tte rs be tw ix t o n e fri e n d a n d
1 1 1 153 i
.

233323 ; 1 Io
a n o th e r , o n e tr a de s ma n a n d

Tr ]
a n o th e r .

e i th e r L
.

TI T 52 . . The f l
conc us on i o the ca us e a nd the
ma nner of
gi v in
g f
in o rma tio n to the J udge be
f p
o r e r o noun ci n
g the s en tence , an d the ma nner

O F the se ma tte rs de info rma re a d the title s

tio n ibus J udicia da ndis, e t de fo rma prola tio n is
‘

s e n ten tiaa in Ca us is E ccles ia s tici s Ti t 1 2 2 12 7 . . .

1 2 1 1 1 4 1 1 7 pe r O ughto n um, in which t he se

. . .

things a re spe cifie d a n d pa rtic ula rly tre a te d .

TI T 5 3 . . Of an a
pp ea l f m th
roe defi nitiv e s en
tence .

IT is la w ful fo r e ithe r pa rty to a ppe a l fro m the

.

de fin itiv e se nte n ce o r inte rlo c uto ry de cre e h a v ,

ing th e e ffe ct o f a d e finitiv e se n te nce I t ma y .

‘
be d o n e e ithe r v iva v oce b e fo re the Judge o r ap ud
a cta w he n h e d e liv e rs th e se nte n ce o r in te rlo c u

tory d e cre e , o r be fo re a n o ta ry a nd wi tn e s se s ”

within the fifte e n d a y s w hich a re a llo w ed by

*

the sta tute s o f this kingdo m fo r brin in

g g p a

p e a ls .

e gu a rly
[ I h U i d S t t ] t l
3°
n t e n te a e s a n a p e a c a nn o r
be in te rpo s e d b e fo re a N o ta ry t h a s be e n s o d e ci d e d
.

by the Su re me C o urt i n the c a s e o f G l a s s G i bbs , v

fi
.

the s l oo D — T
p ctsc
y 3 a l] .i n n o t r
] . . .

E v e n w i tl un te n d a 3 fo r th e Sta t 2 4 He n VI I I . . . .

ca
1 2 k o f a p e a s in E cc le s i a s ti ca l ca use s o n ly
p . s
pe a s
.
p .
1 00 Pra ctice f
o the Court of A dmira lty

B ut o f the ma nne r a n d form o f in te rpo sing

the se a ppe a ls, re a d the title s 2 89 2 9 5 2 74 . . .

2 75 2 90 2 9 1 2 9 4 2 9 2 2 9 3 2 76 2 77 de ap
. . . . . . . .

el la tionibus in ca usis E cclesia s ti cis per Ou hto

p g

Ye t que re whe the r fro m a so n eal

pp an a

te n ce in a po sse sso ry a ctio n will lie , b e ca use the

e ffe c t o f tha t se nte n ce ma y b e co unte ra cte d in

a
p e tito r
y a cti o n, o r b y th e sa me J ud ge o n a n

e al fro m the se nte nce de liv e re d in the ti

a
pp e
p

A DD I TI O N S To TI TLE 5 3 .

[ In E n
g l a n d fift e e n d a s a re a llo we d to in te r
y
o s e a n a ppe a l, a n d the a ppe a l must be e n te re d
p
w ithin tha t time , G o do lph in Se a La ws, p 2 08 . . .

This is by sta tute , fo r a t civ il la w, te n d a y s o nly

a re a llo w e d By th e la w o f the Unite d Sta te s, a n
.

e al fro mth e dec re e o f a Di strict Jud e must

a
pp g
b e to t h e n e x t C ir c u it C o ur t, to b e h e l d i n t he

sa m e di st r ic t V .id Judi cia ry A ct, 2 4 S e pt

. .

1 7 89 , 2 1 1 L U . . . A n a ppe al i s giv e n
.

o nly fro mfin al d e c re e s A s the a ppe a l i s e x

.

p re ssl
y d i r e c te d to b e ma d e to the n e x t C ir c uit
Co urt, a v arie ty o f que stion s may arise It may .

b e a ske d, ca n th e a ppe a l be e n te re d a t a ny
time be fo re th e fir st d ay o f the n e x t C irc uit
Co urt, o r must it be do ne within fifte e n da y s a f
O n th i s que s ti o n v i d M a ra ut Spe c pa r 6 a c t 2
. . . . . . .

E t qu a n d o que a p lla tur n 305 Sca cc de A ll 1 7

88 pp q
e . . . . .

lin 6 n u 36 37
. . . . . .
 On the Ins ta nce si de . 1 01

t e r the pro no un cin g o f the d e cre e a s by sta tute

in Engla n d , or te n d a y s a c co rdin g to the rule o f

th e Civ il La w ? A ga in , if the de cre e sho uld be

u c d th ve r d a b e fo re the first da f
p r o n o n e e y y y o
t h e sitti ng o f the Circ uit Co urt, a c irc umsta n ce
w h ich o fte n o c c urs must the a ppe al b e e n te re d
,

i mme dia te ly , with o ut a ny time be ing a llo we d fo r

c o n sulta tio n a n d d e li be ra tio n ? Quere In Ne w .

Y o rk the a ppe a l must be e nte re d within te n

d a y s o r th e d e cre e ma y be e x e cute d Reg . .

By th e Judiciary A ct a b o v e c ite d , 22 a .

w rit o f e rro r, a n d n o t a n a ppe al , la y fro m the

d e c re e s o f the Cir c ui t C o urts in A d mira lty ca u
s e s ; b ut by a subse que nt la w , pa s se d the 3d

o f Ma r 1 803, th e fo rm . er m o de o f
p ro ce e di n
g
b y a ppe a l is re sto re d 6 L U S 31 5 . The . . . .

A ct d o e s n o t sa y th a t th e a ppe a l is to be bro ught

to the n e x t S upre me C o urt, n o r w ithl n wha t
time it i s to b e e n te re d .

N e w e vide n ce ma y be giv e n in the a ppe a l .

i b p 31 6
. . .

By the rule s o f the C iv il La w a lso , n e w e vi

d e n ce ma y be a d d uce d o n a n a ppe al , pro vide d
it b e re le v a nt to th e ma tte rs which w e re alle ge d
in the C o urt be lo w ; be cause o n the a ppe a l no
a ll e a tio n s w hich a re e n tire l n e w a re to b e a d
g y
mitte d Per ha nc dic ina m sa nctionem decemi
.
‘

mus , ut licenl za quidem po tea t in ca: cons ulta ti

'

a n iba s tum a
m
ua ma dv ers ae pa r ta nov i s
'

e lla n tz
'

q
e ti a m ads er tio m bus utendz vel exceptio mbus qua
' ' '

n o n a d no v um c a itul um e rtin e n t sed ex illi s

p p
o r iw itur e t illis co j unctw s
,
n u n t, q
u ce a
p u d ( m
ter zoremj udicum no scuntur propo s i tce Co d l
'

. . .

7 Tit 6 3 1 4 —Tr ]
. . . . . .
1 02 Practice o f the co urt f
o A dmiral ty

Tl r 5 4
'
. . Tha t it is no t la wful to awed ! fr o m
g riev a nces , o r a n in ter lo cuto ry decree no t ha v
'

ing the eflect o

f a defini tive sentence .

A uruo uc n y o u may file ma tte r which is c o n

cl usiv e a a inst o ur a d v e rsary o r ta ke c o n clu
g y ,

siv e e x c e ptio n s to hi s w itne sse s ; o r w ithin the

te rmy o u sha ll pra y a c o mmiss io n to partie s fo r

the e x a m ina tio n o f w i tne s se s o r the like , a n d th e
Jud ge sh a ll re fuse to a d mit th o se things y e t it
w a s a lw a y s the pra ctice ) no t to all o w a n a ppe a l
“

fro m such grie v a nce s no r fro m a ny inte rlo cu ,

to ry d e c re e whic h ha s n o t the e ffe ct o f a de hui

tiv e se n ten ce Be ca use re lie f ma y be h a d
.

a gain st such in co n v e nie n cie s by a n a p e a l fro m

p
the d e finitiv e fo r in a n a ppe a l fr o m
se n te n c e

s uc h a se n te n ce , i t is la w ful to a ll e e whate v e r
g
h as no t be e n be fo re a lle ge d , a nd to prov e w h a t
ha s no t b e fore be e n pro v e d .

TI T 5 5 . . Wh a t irrepa ra ble
sha ll . be ca lled an

r i e v a nce, a nd a decr ee wa iv in th of
g g e

a defini tive sen te nce, fro mwhi ch i t is to

In a ny o ne a rre st yo ur go o d s a s the pro pe rty

o f h imse lf o r o f a no the r pe rso n , a n d o u h a ve
y
a ppe are d a t the ro e r tim e be fo re the J ud e ,
p p g
a n d al le e d o ur inte re st in the d s , a nd
g y g o o

ra e d to be a d m itt d t i t d
p y e o n e r
po se a n
p ro ve

Thi s pra ctice i s mo r e a

greto the C i v il L a w a s
e a ble
a
ppe a rs fr o mM a r a n tae Pa r t 6 A ct 2 e t qua n d o que a p
. . .

pe l l a tur n u . 303 .

1 V id M a r a n t Spe c part 6 pa rte 3 v e rb e t de mum

“
. . . . . .

fe r tur Se n te n ti a . n . 42 .
 On the I nsta nce s ide . 1 03

y o ur inte re st, a nd tha t j usti ce g h t b a n d ri

e a d m i
n i s te re d u o n u : He re , if the Jud e ta
p y o r c a s e
g
c i tl
y j
re e ct
y o u r r
p y a e r ,
b y p r o c e e d in
g s co n
tr a ry o r re udi cial to i i
p j y o u r
p e t t o n ,
a s b yp r o
c e e di n t o the fir st, se c o n d o r thir d d e fa ult so
g ,

th a t h e may o n th e d a o f th e fo urth d e fa ult a d

y
j g y
u d e o u r
goo d s to b e t h e r
p p y
o e r t o f a n o th e r ,

o r e x re s sl d i d i t th i i ll d
p y e c e a
g a n s
y o u ,
s s c a e
r a va m e n i rr e a ra bile, a n d a n inte rlo c utor
'

g p y d e
c r e e h a v in th e e ffe ct o f a de finitiv e se n te nce
g .

N o r c a n y o u h o pe fo r a ny o th e r se nte n ce in tha t
d e c re e ; a n d if, in such a ca se , y o u n e gle c t to
u t in a n a e al
* o o d s will b e a d u d e d
p pp y o ur
g j g
to a n o th e r .

S o it i s, if yo ur cre dito r s ue y o u fo r a d e bt ,

a n d in o rde r to d e fe a t hi s s uit o u a lle e tha t

y g
a n o th e r a c tio n is e n d in a a in st u f t h
p g g y o o r e

s a me de b t a n d be fore a co m e te nt trib un a l and

p
th e Judge e ith e r ta citly , by a dmi ttin g scili ce t th e .

l ib e l a n d pro ce e d ing in the c a use , o r e x pre ssly

‘

sh o uld re e c t o ur alle a tio n it is la w ful to a

j y g , p
e a l a s a bo v e F r the se e v ils c a nn o t b e re
p o

a ir e d in a n a e a l fro ma d e fin itive se nte n c e ,

p pp
n o r ca n a n th er se nte n ce u o n such m a tte rs
y o p

V i de ta Si ch a rd i n l 2 C o N e ux pr o ma ri t
me n . . . . . .

i n pr i n w h e re it i s s a i d th a t e x e cuti o n a ga i n s t th e go o d s
.

o f a n o th e r w h o w a s r o te ste d d c h o c, i s v o i d .

[
3‘
Br o w n , w h o ta e s C le r
~
k e fo r hi s g ui d e i n m a tte r s
o f A d mir a lt , h e r e i n tr o d u ce s a r ule w h i ch d e s e r v e s a t
y
t e n ti o n He s a y s , it i s in cumb e nt o n th e Pro c to r , n o
.

le s s o the rw i s e dire cte d by h i s clie n t, to a ppe a l, e i th e r

a u d a cta , o r b e fo re a N o ta ry i n s cr i ti s : fo r i f h e
p p
o mi ts to a
pp e a l fr o m a d e fi ni ti v e s e n te n ce a n a ny d a
dl l t
ma ge the n ce e n sue , he i s lia ble to a n a ctio n by h s c i e n
.

2 Bro C iv 8: A dm La w 4 37
.
. . . Tr ]
. .
-
.
104 Practice of the Co urt of A dmiralty

be e x pe c te d Re a d Tit 1 2 3 Quo d si t decre tum

. .

inte rlocuto rium,

& c in ca us i s E.ccles ia s ti ci s .

A D DI TI ONS To TI TLE 55 .

[ A n a
ppe a l fro m grie v a n ce s i s i nt e r
p o se d
w he n witne sse s a re suppo se d to be a dm i tte d o r
reje cte d im ro e rl
p p y PV e s em b p a ra t if de A 1)
. . . .

A n a fro m a n inte rlo c uto r

e al d e c re e o r
pp y
fro ma ny thin g b ut a final se nte n ce , do e s no t a p
e a r, a s w e h a v e a lre a d o b se rv e d , to be a llo w
p y
e d fro m a Cir c uit Co ur t to th e S u re m e C o urt
p
o f th e Unite d Sta te s But, que re, will s uch a n
.

e a l li e fro m a Di strict to a C irc ui t Co ur t ?

a
pp
In Engla n d w h e re th e a ppe lla te Co ur ts a re co n
s ta ntly sittin g, the re is b ut little i n co nv e ni e n c e

in a llo wing s uch a ppe a ls ; but h e re , the C ircuit

C o urts sit o n ly twice in a y e a r, a n d if a ppe a ls
w e re to b e b ro ught fro m inte rlo cuto ry , a s w e ll
a s fin a l d e cre e s,A dm ira lty sui ts w o uld be w ith
o ut e nd Pe rha ps th e re ma y b e c a se s o f i rre
.

a r a bile gr a v a m en, w h e re th e District Co urts

p
w o ul d pe rmit a nd the Circuit C o urts re ce iv e a n
a p e a l, b ut th e y must ne ce s sarily b e v e ry fe w ;
p
n o in sta n c e o f the kin d, I b e li e v e , h a s e t o c cur
y
re d .
— Tr ] .

T1 T 56 . . A ppea lfrom the court of A dmir a lty .

I NA SMUCH a s it i s la wful to a ppe al from th e d e

fini ti ve se nte nce a nd the a fo re sa id inte rlo cuto ry
 On the I ns tance side . 1 05

d e cre e ha ving the e ffe ct o f a d e finiti v e se nte nce

in the Co urt o f A dmira lty , to his Ro a l Ma
y
j y
e s t in hi s C o u rt o f C h a n c e r
y , so fro m a ll d e
fin i tiv e se nte n ce s , inte rlo c utory d e cre e s a nd
r i e v a n ce s , b w h t oe v e r infe rio r Civil Jud e s
g y a s
g ,
o r Vice A dm -
i ral s in the kingdo m, it is la wful to
a
pp e a l to t h e H o n o u r a ble t h e L o r d H ig h A d m i
r a l o f En la n d a n d tha t e m i ne n t m th P
g , a n , e re
si d e nt o f his C o urt o f A dm i ra lty , the Judge or
D e puty who mso e v e r h e ma y be o f the sa me
C o urt . F o r the Jud ge o f this Co urt has j uris
di c tio n o ve r a ll c a use s o f thi s so rt .

A DDI TI O NS To TI TLE 56 .

B
[ y t he A c t o f M arch 1 8 0 3 , a
pp e al s a re al
lo w e d frbm the District to th e Circ uit C o urt,
fro m a ll fi n a l j g
u d m e nts o r d e c r e e s, w h e re th e
‘

ma tte r in d ispute e x ce e d s the v al ue o f fifty dol

la rs e x clusiv e o f co sts .

In the sa me ma nne r a n a ppe a l lie s to the S u

r e me Co urt fro ma ny Cir c uit C o urt o r fro ma n
p y
Di strict Co urt, sitti ng a s a C ircuit C o urt in ca
se s o f e quity , o f A dm ira lty a n d Maritime j l u is '

dicti o n, a n d o f prize o r no prize .But the ma t

te r in d ispute must e x ce e d the v al ue o f two
tho usa n d d olla rs e x clusiv e o f co sts This v alue
.

ma y be pro ve d by afii da v it .

In a ppe a ls to the Supre me Co urt, no ne w e vi

de n ce c a n be re ce iv e d, e x ce pt in A d miral ty a nd
ri ze c a use s n d such a e a ls a re subje ct to
p a
pp
P
1 06 P ra ctice o f the Cour t o f A dmira lty

th e sa me r ule s, re
gula tio n s a n d re stricti o n s, a s

a re pre in la w in ca se s o f wr its o f e rro r

s crib e d .

But o n e rro r the re ca n be n o re v e rs a l in

‘

e ithe r C o urt fo r e rro r co m mitte d in rulin g a ny

le a in a b a te me n t, o th e r tha n a le a to th e uris
j
p p
di ctio n o f the C o ur t, o r such ple a to a pe titio n or
bill in e quity , a s i s in the n a ture o f a d e murre r,
o r fo r a ny e rro r in fa ct W rits o f e rro r must be .

b ro ught w ithin five y e a rs a fte r th e d e c re e w hi c h

is co mpla ine d o f, is pa s se d B ut in cas e s o f in .

fa nts, fe me s co v ert, no n com o te s o r im ri so nme nt,

p p
th e y a re a llo we d the sa me te rm a fte r the disa
bility i s re mo v e d .

In a ppe al s a cita tio n must issue to the a ppe l

la nt, w ho is e ntitle d to a t le a st thirty d a y s n o
tice ; b ut thi s is n o t n e ce ss a ry if the a e a l be
pp
ra e d a t th e sa me te rm in w hi ch the d e c r e e
p y
w a s pa s se d * W he n the cita tio n i s n e ce ssa ry,
.

it must a c co mpa ny the w rit o r i t will b e di s

mis sc d f f But upo n a sugge stio n tha t it wa s
‘

se rv e d , the Co urt w ill ra n t a c e rtio ra ri 3

g .

C ra n cli 5 1 4 N o a ppe a l o r w rit o f e rro r lie s

.

in a c ri mi nal e a s el — Tn ]

TI T 57 . . Of the inhi bi tio n f

o the appe al .

O N the inte rpo siti o n o f the a ppe a l, a n i nhibi

tio n is to b e pra y e d fro m the J ud e , befo re
g
w ho m the a ppe a l i s lo d e d a s in Ecc le sia sti ca l
g
c a use s Vid C le r P ram Tit 307 303 30 4
. . . . . . . .

30 1 300 by O ught C o n s e t Pa rt V
. .
1 A nd . . . .

2 C ra n ch 349 .

1 l b 4 06
‘
. .

I 3 C ra n ch 1 5 9 .
 On the I ns ta nce s ide . 1 07

th a t inhibiti o n n o t o nl co n ta in s a co nunan d to
y
the Judge , h '
o m w h o s e d e c i sio n th e a
pp e a l i s

ma d e , tha t he pro ce e d n o fa rthe r in the ca use ,

a n d to the a e lle e in a rtic ula r a n d al l o the rs
pp p
in g e n e ra l, a s in E c cle sia stical c a use s, b ut a lso
a n a rre sta tio n o f th e a rt a e lle e a n d a w a r
p y pp
ra n t or
prim a r
y m a n d a te in a c iv il c a us e to h o ld

hi m to ba il, until h e sha ll a ppe a r to a n swe r the

e a l in the ca use o f a al
a
pp pp e .

A D D I TI ON To TI TLE 57 .

[ W rits o finhi b itio n are in the Co urts

n o t in use

o f the Unite d Sta te s The Co urts be lo w ta ke

.

n o ti ce o f the a ppe a l , a n d o f th e ir o w n a cco rd

a b sta i n fro m furthe r pro ce e din s, a n d the

g p ar

tie s d o the sa m e Y e t it se e ms tha t it w o ul d be

.

mo re re gula r to issue tha t pro c e ss in a ll ca se s a s '

the pa rty migh t o the rw ise be w ith d iffic ulty

bro ught in to c o nte mpt, if he sho uld pro ce e d fa r
the r n o twi th sta n di ng the a ppe a l Tr ] -

TI T . 58. Fo rm of the executio n a nd if

ce r t ica te

re sa id inhi bi tio n
o
f the a
fo .

Tms writ o f inhi bitio n is dire cte d to the par ty

ll t d t ll th rso n s in l
a ppe a e ,
a n o a o e r pe
ge n e ra a s ,

in Ec cle sia stica l ca use s B ut the pa rty a ppe l

.

late I s to be a rre ste d a n d d e ta ine d In go a l, unle ss

he put in pro pe r fid ejusso ry se c urity fo r hi s le
T i r o s i tio n
g a l a ppe a ra n ce ,
a s i n it 4 o
f .th e n
. te
p
l 08 Practice of the Co urt o
f A dmiral ty

of ba il, a nd the inhi bitio n is to be c e rti fie d

'

in like manne r a s a n o riginal warra nt .

TI T 5 9 d secur i t i
. . Of putting in fi j
e us so fy
y n

I t th e pla intiff in the first insta nce sh a ll a p

e al , h e i s n o t a llo w e d to file a li b e l un til he h a s
p
ut in fid ejusso ry se curity to pr o se c ute th e
p
c a use , to pa y th e co sts, to subm it to the jud g
me nt a nd to co nfirm the a cts o f his Pro cto r; If
the de fe nd a nt in the first insta n c e a ppe al , he i s
b o und to put in fid ejusso ry se curity to all the
e ffe cts, to w hi ch he w a s h aile d in th e first
”

in sta n ce ? Thi s, h o we v e r is to be sa i d tha t al ,

tho ugh the de fe n d ant sh o ul d a ppe a l, if he sho uld

n ot succee d in th e a e a l, the ca use is to b e r e
pp
mande d to the Judge be fore who mit o rigin a te d,
w ith co sts ; w hich be ing pa id, the o the r fidejus
so re s w ho we re b o un d o n the a rt o f th e d e fe u
p
d a nt de j udica to s o lvendo a re n o t re le a se d, but
re m a in b o un d , in the sa m e ma nne r a s if the re h a d

b e e n no a ppe a l Why the re fo re sho uld the de

.

fe n da nt, a s a ppe lla nt, be bo un d to giv e ne w fide

sso re s de ud ica ta solv endo in th e a
ju j pp e a l ?
To o bje ctio ns o f this so rt, I a n sw e r, 1 The re .

ha s be e n co n sid e ra ble dis ute , whe the r the fide

p
j us so r e s w h o w e re
p u t in in th e fir st in sta n ce

the o ri gin a l, th e w o r d he re use d i s , R eus I .

d tha t w e s ho uld re a d A ctor , a s th e a ppe lla n t is

I n th e a l T
pp
]
e a r.
-
.

F or th e fi dej us s o r e s i n t 1e ri n ci a l ca use a re n o t
p
b o un d i n the a ppe a l 1 e n ult D i g u s o lv i e t l M ar
i n i t i b i d B t l i i t
.

at
.

j
p g
.

1 m l 2 C o d e pr o e u
. .

g s . a.r o n c
.
. . . .

ra t Vl d e F a c hi n C o n tr o ve r s lI
.
8 c 57
, . . . .
 On the I nstance s ide . 1 09

we re no t re le a se d by the se nte nce o f the Judge,

es e c ia ll
p y if tha t se nte nce wa s in fa v o ur o f the
d e fe nd a nt .

2 Tha t some time s it ha ppe n s tha t the de

.

fe n d a nt ha s a just ca use fo r li tiga ting, be ca use

th e Judge , in the first instan ce , co n d e mne d him
t o pay a gre ate r sumtha n wa s re ally d ue In .

s u c h a ca se the se nte nc e is re v e rse d a s to th e

e x ce s s, a nd the d e fe n d a n t is to be c o n de m n e d in

th e re al d e bt In this in sta n ce the ca use is no t

.

re m itte d to the Judge fro mwh o se d e cisio n the

e l w as m a de A nd the re fo re h o w ca n the
a
pp a .

l a intiff o bta in the de bt a djud ge d to hi m in the

p
e al , unle ss the re a re fide us so re s in tha t a
a
pp j p
a l, w ho are b o und a d sola ti onem udica ti
p e j
A l so , le t it be gra nte d , tha t s o me time s it ha p
e n s, o n a c co unt o f ne w ro o f be in intro d uce d ,
p p g
o r e v e n u o n tha t w hich ha s bee n a d d uce d in
p
th e Co urt be lo w , tha t the d e fe n d a n t upo n hi s
a ppe al is c o nd e m ne d to pa y a gre a te r sumthan
w a s a djudge d in the se nte nce fro mwhich he a pL
e a ls , a n d th a t tha t se nte n ce , so fa r i s re tra cte d ?
p
W he the r in such a ca se e x ec utio n o fthe thin g
,

a d ud e d ca n b e is sue d a a inst the fide usso re s

j g g j .

i n the first in sta nce ? Ce rta inly n o t The re fo re , .

.

a s it is sai d a bo v e , it w a s a lw a y s the ra ctice for

p
th e d e fe n da nt upo n hi s a ppe a ling, to give fide
*
so re s de ud ica to s olve ndo
j u s
j .

V i d Sca cc de A ppe ll qu 1 7 lim 2

. . . . . . . nu
. 77 us ue
. q
a d nu . 82 .
 Or th e m a nne r a n d fo rm o f p r o c e e d i n
g i n a
p
e a ls a s to t e ph u d in f li b e l t h e d c
p
r o
p o n
g o l a ,

cre e to tra nsm it th e

p ro c e s s , o f t h e p ri v i le
g e o f
th e a ppe lla n t to a lle
g e w h a t h e h a s n o t b e fo r e a l
le ge d , t r o v e w h a t h e h a s n o t b e fo r e
p r o v e d
o p ,

o f th e m a n n e r o f j u s tif i
y g n in t h e a
pp e a l fro m
rie v a nce s, o f th e e x hi bitio n o f th e pro c e e dings
g
be fo re th e J u d g e h o
'
m w h o se tri bun a l the a p

e a l is m a d e , a nd o the r pro ce e d ings in the se

p
c a se s , re a d th e c h a
p te r i n E c c le si a sti c a l p r a e

tice , in which the se ma tte rs a re spe cia lly tre a te d .

W ith this e x ce ptio n o nly , tha t the Ec cle sias ti

c a l J udge s , in pun i sh in g co ntuma cy a nd c o n

te mpt, e mplo y the spiritual s wo rd o f e x c o mmu

ni c a tio n a ga in st such pe rso n s a s o ffe n d . But th e
civil Jud ge s, wh e th e r in o ri gina l ca use s o r in a p

e a ls, re so rt to the se cula r puni shm e nts of im

p
ri so nm e nt a n d fine
p .

TI T 6 1
. Of the peti tion fo r a decree to s how
.

ca use wh se ntence of ex ecution o u ht no t to be

y g
dema n ded .

IF th e party a ga inst who mse nte nce wa s pa s s

e d , sh a ll h a v e a pe a le d a t the tim f d li i
p e o e v e r n
g
m
.

the s e nte n c e , a n d a te r h a v e be e n a ssigne d for

ro se c utin th e sa m e , a n d a ce rtifica te o f th e
p g
ro se c utio n o f th e sa m e , a n d in the in te rim th e
‘

p
Judge ha s n o t be e n pro hi bite d fro m furthe r pro
ce e di n s, th e Pro cto r who o bta ine d the se nte n ce
g
o u ht to t h a t the a d ve rse t h ul d b
g p y
ra
p ya r s o e
 On the I ns ta nce side . 111

calle d u o n
p to sho w ca use wh y se nte n ce of ex

e cutio n sho uld n o t be o rde re d , a n d the costs b e

ta x e d .A n d this d e cre e c o nta ins o nly a cita
tio n o r n o min a ti o n , a n d n o t a n a rre st .

But if no a ppe a l w a s e nte re d whe n the de

cre e w a s a sse d, u o n the e x ira tion o f th e fif
p p p
te e n d ay s w hich are all o w e d by the sta tute s fo r
th e in te rpo sin g o f the a ppe al s, the a fo re sai d d e
cre e to sho w ca use , &c i s to b e ra e d , a s in
p y
.

Eccle sia stica l ca use s .

TI T 62 , . Of the sente nce o

f executio n .

IF th e pp a e lla nt, upo n b e ing cite d e x tra

j -
udi
c ia lly to sh o w ca use w hy se n te n ce o f e x e c utio n

s h o uld n o t b e o rd e re d , sh o ul d a lle e tha t he h a d

g
e n te re d his a p e a l a t the ro e r tim e a nd la ce ,
p p p p
a s in Ec c le sia sti ca l c a use s, a te rmi s to be a ssi n
g
e d , a t w hi ch h e must pro v e th a t he h a s a pe a l e d
p .

W h e n tha t h a s e la pse d , a n d the re be ing n o in bi

bitio u to the Jud ge , the se n te nce ma y b e e x e c ut
e d in th e re se n ce o f the Pro cto r w h h a l
p ,
o a s

le ge d a s be fo re th a t a n a ppe a l h a s b e e n e nte re d .

Li ke wise , if the a p e lla t, a t the time o f d e li

p n
v e rin th e de c re e , b e in ci te d , a s be fo re , to sho w
g g
ca us e , &c Upo n his a ppe a rin , e ithe r in pe rso n
.
g
or b ro x , sh al l n o t a lle e a ny ca use w h e x
y p y g y
e cuti o n sho uld no t be o r de re d , it is to be o rd e r

ed . But if h e do e s n o t a ppe a r, it i s to b e o r
de re d In pa in o f his c o ntuma cy , a nd he 1 8 to h e
ro ce e d e d a a in st in a ll thin s a s in E ccle sia s
p g g
tica l ca use s Tit 1 30 331 1 31 pe r O ughto
. . . . .

nu m .
l 12 P ra ctice f
o the Court bf A dmi ral ty

TI r 6 3
'
. . The decree a ga inst the pri ncipa l pa r ty
to a
p y the su m which has been a d ud e d
j g w i th
co s ts .

A F TER th e , Judge in e ithe r

pa in o f c o n tu
ma cy , o r upo n the fa ilure o f the pa rty to ma ke
his a ppe a ra nce , o r in the pre se nce o f hi s Pr oc
to r in c o n se que n ce o f n o c a use h a ving be e n
a s si ne d fo r w hic h se n te nc e o f e x e cutio n sho uld
g
n o t b e o rd e re d , sh a ll h a v e di re cte d th e se nte n ce

to be e x e cute d , a bill o f co sts is to be e x hi bite d,

.

w hi ch is to be ta x e d , a n d a n o ath upo n tha t ta x

a ti o n is to b e a d m in iste re d .

The n the Pr o cto r sha ll sa y .

I pra y tha t mo nitio n i ssue to the principal

rty to pa y a s w e ll the thi n a d ud e d a s th e
p a
g j g
c o sts ta x e d within so me co m e te nt tim e , an d in
p
ca se tha t it b e n o t a id , th a t he be tak e n in
p
c usto d a nd im ris o ne d until it is id
y p p a .

The Judge sha ll sa y :

W e d e cre e a s is pra y e d, appo inting a cer
ta in time o f pa yme nt, to wit, within twe nty,
thirty , or fo rty d a y s, a t his ple a s ure .

TI T 6 44
. . D ecree or monitio n agai ns t the fi de
j to pa y the thin a d ud ed if the pri n
us s o re s
g j g ,

ci l art abs co nd
p a
p y .

THE a fo re sa i d b e ing bro ught i nto

man da te
Co urt with a c e rtifica te th a t the pe rso n ha s fl e d,
o r c o n ce a le d hi mse lf, so tha t h e ca nn o t be a d

mo nishe d a cco rding to the te no ur, the Pro c tor

must pray a s follo ws
 On the Ins ta nce side . 1 13

I alle ge tha t D the prin cipa l party ha s be e n

.

so u g ht for the pur po se o f a d m o n ishin hi m ao

g ,

c o r di n to the te no ur o f the ma n d a te issue d a t

g
my in sta nce a n d tha t he is con ce al e d , so tha t he
c a n n o t be a dm o ni she d to
p y
a th e d e bt W h e re .

fo r e I pra y th a t hi s fidejussore s be a dmo ni she d

to p ay a s w e ll the prin cipal s uma s the co sts,
,

w i th in so me ce rta in d a y , o the r wise tha t the y be

ta k e n in custo dy until the sa me is pa id .

The Jud ge sh a ll s a y , W e de cre e it, a p

o in tin a d a y a s be fo re in Tit 6 3 Y h
'

p g . e t t e .

Ju d ge may , in the first in stan ce , de cre e tha t the

fi d ej usso re s b e ca ll e d , a s be fo re in Tit 2 0, a nd .

he ma y d e cre e tha t the prin cipa l pa rty be ca ll

e d , to the a fo re sa i d e ffe ct, by publi ck pro cla m a
ti o n , as in Tit 2 1 a n d if th e n the principal
. .

a rty d o no t a pe a r no r sa tisfy th e a fo re sa id
p p
ma n da te , the Judge ma y de cre e th a t th e fidejus
s o r e s be ca ll e d a s a fo re sa id, in the pre se nt title .

TI T 6 5
. The decree aga inst the fidejus so re s to
.

he sum a d ud ed w i ho ut re a rd to the
a
p y t j g t g ,

decr ee aga ins t the pri ncipal pa r ty .

I F the party , who is co nd e mne d , d we ll with

out th e kingdo m h i h b i i
m
, o r a s n o c e rta n a ta t o n

with in it, so th a t he ca nno t be a d o ni she d to pa y

the s uma djud ge d , th e Judge ma y , if he ple a se ,
e spe cia ll i f th e pre m i se s be pro v e d to him o n
y
o a th , o r if the fa ct b e n o to rio us, a s so o n a s m a
y

Th e fi dej u s s ore s bo un d n o tw i th s ta n di n the

g
a re
de a th o f th e prin cipa l . Vi d Pryn in 4 I ns t C o
. . . . ( e, p.

1 2 3, 1 2 4
.
1 l 4: P ractice f
o the Cour t f
o A dmiralty

b e a fte r the time a ll o we d fo r pro se cuting a n d

tifying ha s e la pse d , d e cree tha t th e fid ej uss o ne s

be summone d to sho w ca use wh y the se n te n c e
o f e x e cutio n whi ch i s de fi n a n d e d sho uld n o t b e

exec

a lso , th e Jud ge ,
a fte r the se nte n ce o f e x e c uti o n

sha ll ha ve be e n d e ma n de d , a n d the bill of h o s ts

ta x e d , ma y , if he wi ll , for the ca use s be fi re me n
‘

tio n e d , d e cre e a mo nitio n a ga in st d i e fid eju s

so re s to pa the sum which is a dj l d ge d , o mi t
y
ting a s a bo v e , the monitio n a gai n st the prin c ipa l
ar t
p y .

Y ou ma y in the sa m m
ro c e ed n n e r n ot
p e a

with sta n ding a n a ppe a l if it be not pro se c ut e d

"

wi thin the te rmallo we d by la w, o r if it b e a b a n

do n e d b e fo re th e e x pira tio n o f the te rm whi c h
w a s a llo we d by the J11 w h o se d e c i sio n
th e a ppe al i s ma d e , the a ppe ll a nt
sho uld h a v e j ustifia ble ca use to a ppe a l, a s i s
no te d in Ti t de decr eto di cendum ca usa m, &c
m
. .

32 1 .D e mo do p rocede ndi cum a ella ns, & c .

32 2 .D e modo proba ndi appella tio ne m es se de

s er ta m 32 4 . Cle r Pramper Oughto num
. . . .

So o f a civ il c a use , a fte r it is in stitute d, if it

L prOpe ra n d u mC o d de j udi c A
. . n th a n Ri qui
C o d e te mpe r e t re r appe ll
. .

. . . .

[as A s ui t a t C i v i l a w i s s a i d to be e re mpte d fr o m
th e La tin w o rd , p er i me r e , to d e s tro y , w it I s n o t t o en
s e cute d w i thi n a ce r ta i n ti me i b d b l w t is
pre s cr e y a
m
.

a n a lo o us to a no n
g p r os a t C o m o n L a w ] .
 On the Eusta nce s ide . 1 15

yea rs,th e insta nce is pe re mpto ry , a n d no re a

son c an he a lle e d o r o bje cte d to i pe de the
g m
sai d mptory in sta nce
pe re . But the Ju e , with
g d
out re spe ct to th e justice o f the c a use i s bo und ,

to pro no unc e the in sta n c e to be pe re m p to ry .

Tl l
'
. 67 . The ma nner of proceeding in ca uses of

IN the sa me ma nne r as the Ec cle sia s tical

J ud
g e a nd th e E ccle sia stica l Jurisdictio n ,
in ex

e cutin g p m a tte rs i s co nte n m

ro ce ss a n d o th e r ed ,

so v e ry o fte n th e civ il Jud ge I s c o nte m

, , ne d no t ,

onl in the e x e c utio n o f hi s ma n d a te s b ut a lso

y ,

by i n stituting a ctio ns b e fo re se cular Judge s fo r ,

ma tte rs re la ting to the jurisdictio n o f the Lo rd

High A dmira l a nd hi s Supre me Court o f A d
mira lty o f Engla nd Ex gr If an y o n e . . .

sho uld in stitute a n a ctio n in a se c ula r c a se be

fore the Ma y o r, o r his d e putie s o f the City o f
Lon do n, on a cco unt o f a ca use o r ma tte r which
ou h t to be a ita te d an d trie d i n the Co urt o f
g g
A d mira lty o f Engla nd, a nd the co gniza nc e o f
whic h be lo ngs to the Lo rd High A dmi ra l o f
Engla n d a n d hi s Supre me C o urt o f A d mira lty
of En la nd
g Th e Pro c to r fo r the pa rty in ure d
.
j
is a ccus to me d in tho se ca se s, to a lle ge be fo re the
Judge o f the Co urt o f A dmira lty , tha t a ce rta in
rso n u d o lo ur o f a m aritime c n tra c t
p e n , e r c o

ma de a nd co nclude d wi tho ut the kingd o m; pre !

A n d a s e n te n ce de liv e re d a fte r th c pe re mpto ry i n

sta n c e 1 8 v o i d . M a r a n t Pa r 4 D i s ti n ct 1 6 n u 4 0
. . . . . . .

and Pa rt 5 . . nu . 58 .
te nding t h a t h i s c lie nt w a s in d e b t e d t o hi m i n a

ce rta i n su m o f m o n e y, h a d c a u s e d him t o b e

ar re s te d i n a s e c ul ar C o u rt : a n d t o in f o r m t h e

Judge in a summary ma nn e r o f the tr uth o f this a l

le ga tio n ,
h e e x h i bi t s a co
py o f th e co m p la in t, o r ,

a s it is ca lle d , the de clara ti o n, file d in the se c ul ar

Co urt A nd he pra y s the Judge to de cre e th a t
.

the sa id pla i n tiff be a tta c he d , until

e ar in the Co urt o f A dm ira lty , to a n swe r a r ti
p
cle s in a c a se o f co nte m p, t w h i c h it i s u su a l f o r

the Judge to gra nt upo n a n in spe ctio n o f th e d e

cla ra tl o n .

T Ir
'
. 68 . The a ppea ra nce f othe
pers o n w ho is

contem t
'

a tta che d in a ca se o
f p .

In the pe rso n w h o i s a rre ste d sho uld a ppe a r,

the Judge is a cc usto med ex oflicio , in o rd e r to
'

a v o id e x pe nse , publi ckly to e x hibit to h im a

co py o f the d e clar atio n , a nd to inte rro a te him

g
w he the r the de bt, w hich he cla i ms h e fo un d e d ,

upo n a co ntra ct co nclude d in a rts be o n d the

p y
se a s , o r w i thin the j uri sdi ctio n o f the H i gh C o urt
o f A dm ira lty o f Engla nd .

A nd if he c o nfe ss the fa ct, he i sto be a d mo

nish e d fo rth with to W ithdra w the a fo re sa id a o

tio n . If h e do this witho ut d e la y , it i s u s ual

fo r th e J udge no t to co nside r him in co n te mpt .

But if he pe rtina cno usly a dhe re to it a n d re fuse

to w ith d ra w the a ctio n, a ltho u h it is c o n fe ss
g
c dly a ca use o f m a ritimt: uris dictio n he i s to be
j ,

ro no un c e d in co n te m t, a n d is to be c o mm i tt d
p p e

to priso n , a n d th e re d e ta i ne d until he with d ra w

th e a fo re sa id a ctio n .
 On the I ns ta nce s ide . 1 17

A nd he is also , for this co nte mpt, no t only con

d e mne d to pa y the co sts o f the pa rty grie v e d,
b ut a lso he is mulcte d in a pe c unia ry fine .

But a t th e time , if it d o no t a ppea r fi o m the '

d e cla ra tio n tha t th e ca use wa s institute d upo n a

ma ritime co ntra ct, which co mmo nly ha ppens,
b e c a use in o rde r to giv e juris di ctio n to the se c u
la r C o urt, the y are a cc ustome d in the se de cla
r a tio n s to a lle e th a t the co ntra c t u o n w hi ch
‘

g p
th e a ctio n i s fo un d e d w a s e x e c ute d in a c e rta in
,

a rish a n d w a l d in the City o f Lo n d o n, altho u h

'
p g
th e pa rty w ho i s re pre se n te d a s h a vi ng ma d e it
ne v e r wa s in th a t C ity o r i f the ar
p y t w h o i s

a tta che d , e x re ssl

p y d en
y th a t th e a c tio n i s

fo un d e d upo n a ny ma ritime co n tra ct, the n h e

who pro cure d the a tta chm ent is o blige d to file
a rtl cle s o r in te rro ga ti o ns in a ca se o f conte m t,
p
a n d to spe cify the pla ce w h e re , the tim e w he n ,

a n d the ca use fo r whi ch the sa id c o ntra ct w a s

forme d If he pro v e hi s alle ga tio ns, he is to b e

.

allo w e d his c o sts, a n d th e pe rso n w ho w a s a t

ta che d i s, a s be fo re , to be puni she d fo r his co n

te mpt .

B ut the pro ce ss o r ma nne r bf pro ce e ding in

m
the se ca se s , is a s um a ry pro ce e di ng, a s in o the r
maritime ca use s, a nd a s the y a re a cc usto me d to
ro ce e d in the Ec cle sia stica l Co urt) “ It i t
p s o
be no te d th a t if the pa rty pro ce e d to justi fy the
co nte m p t a t in s ed da ta no n cons ta re, h e i s

o bli e d to find fide usso re s to subm

g j it to t h e

j g
u d m e nt a n d pa
y th e c o sts No te.
,
tha t t h e

V i d C le r Pra c pe r Ough to n um, Ti t 30 31 33

. . . . . . .

[u
I co
py th e s e w o r d s fm
r o th e o r i gi n a l, w i th a co n
fe s s io n tha t I a m utte rly un a ble to e x pla in the m]
the co nte mpt Imlcssg in thc first ph cc
, , the a
p yrt
who pray s it, puts in w fi cie nt fidejns so re s to

rty who is cha rge d

w i th the c nte m p t b
pa o , e

to pro se cute his ac tio n in the sa me

C o ur t . T h e lik c proc e ss o r ma nne r o f ro ce e d
p
ing is to be ha d a ga ins t a ny o the r pe rso ns w ho
m
conte n the juri sdic tio n of the C o ur t o f A d
miralty as, by the ma nne r o f e x e cuting the
m a nd a te s of the C o urt, or by spba ki n g sca n da
Ions words aga ins t the Judge o r any o flice r o f the
Judge, on accoun t of hi s e x e cuting a mut a nt .
 P A R T III .

BRI EF D I SCO URSE

n
s ow m
o THE o nns a A ND m ucr uns o r A

LI B EL O R D EC LA RA TIO N !

as

true a s it is ge ne ra l So th a t to e nlar ge or sa y
.

a ny thing in thi s disco urse m o re th a n w ha t o the rs

( o f g re a t lea rn i ng a n d prac ti c e ) ha v e s a id be
fo re, is a thi ng I aim n o t a t ; ne ith e r w o uld I
h a v e a ny so fa r m ista ke n in me , a s to think me
g u ilty o f so m u c h v a in l
g y
o r a nd o ste nta tio n

Ne i the r we re it po ss ible fo r me (o r a ny e lse , as

I think) to re d uce thi s di sco urse to a be tter me s
tho d tha n We se m be clc 1 ha s do ne , who se wo rd s
‘

I sh a ll in se rt, with so me a d di tio n s o ut o f o the r

a utho ur s, w hic h will re n de r this dis co ur se so co m ~

p le te , a s t h e m e a n e st ca
pa c ity ( o ur in si id
p p ro c

to rs, I me a n o f) m a y fo rm a li be l, witho ut in

spe cting the l r pre ce de nt bo o ks ; whi ch the y ca n

no m o re b e witho ut, tha n a cri pple witho ut his

cr utc he s . I que stio n n o t but the le arne d a d vo

C on s e tio s Pra cti ce o f the Ec cle s i a s ti ca l C o urts

’ ‘

Lo n do n , 1 708 [ T
. h i s e ss a y, a l th o u
gh i t r e la te to the

t a cti ce o f th e E ccle s i a s tic a l C o urt, i s e qua lly a ppli ca ~

le to th e A d mi r a lty Co urts ] .

1!
P a ra t
. E T d e .e d e n d o .

R
 Of a Libel . 12 3

siti on s , includ e s the mi n o r in the majo r

an d .

A libe l the re fo re i s a prac tic a l a nd judicia l sy llo

i sm, a s it we re T h o ugh S ecula tor de Libelli
g p . .

f
con ectib ne , S ect
q ui d L i bella s , n 3 r e.c ite s in .

a r ts so me w h a t o th e rw a s ; fo r in the fir st l
p y p a ce ,

he puts the ca use o f libe l, w hi ch i s the majo r

ro o sitio n : in the s e c o nd pla ce , the o bli a ti
p p g .

o n , w hich is the m ino r pro po siti o n ; a nd in the

‘

thi r d p la ce the a c tion , whi ch i s the c o n c lus i o n :

,

F o r th e pe titio n itse lf is sai d to b e the a ctio n

the c o n clusio n c o n sists in th e pe titio n , a n d n o t
in th e w o rd s re la te d A n d thi s is the c hi e f pa rt .

of th e li be l, w hi c h o ught e spe ci ally to b e r ega r

"

de d in civ il a ctio n s ; n o t so in crimin al a ctio n s o r

ca u se s, be ca use in th e mthe re n e e d s n o c o n clu

sio n By thi s the 1 pla intiff co n clude s, justly

.
:

de siring fro m the pre mise s a n d the thin gs pro

o un de d , th a t the de fe nd a nt ma y be co n d e m n
p
e d , bo th in th e r in ci a l a n d th e ch ar e s 1
p p g .

3 In re spe ct o f the s ubje ct ma tte r o f the li

.
-

be ls , the re a re o nly tw o so rts in use ; the o ne o f

whic h i s co n v e ntio n al o r c ivi l, (d co nv en iendo ,
from c o nv e ning) the o the r criminal, ( d cr imine
‘

seu ue rimo ni a ) * In re spe ct o f its fo rm it i s

q .
,

eith e r sim p le (w hi ch a bso lv e s o r d e cla re s th e

acti o n, in a co ntin ue d spe e ch o r o ra tio n a s it

A lci a t . uh i s upr a J a s o n Za si us . a ln in pri n I n s t .

de A cti o n .

1
’
A l c i a t u t s up.r a 0 .

I p S u l t u bi 8 S t e ci e s
g l o i n d c 1
e c a o r 11 r e c s
p s . . . . . .

La n fr c quo n i a mz a v e r b e ti ti o n d e ro b n 1 A l
' '

p
. . . . .
. ,

ci a t i n
.

p r e x fol 1 0 3 .U m m i us di s
.
p 6 t .8 R o sb a c h . . . .

pr o s ti t
. 33 . .

O lde n d o r: p d e fo rma Lib . .

12 4

we re ) or articulate , in whi ch the me rits of the

c a u s e a r e r
p p o o u n d e d b y a r ti cle s .

4 The pro pe rtie s of a lib e l, o r tho se thi n gs

.

whi ch are sai d to be pa rticula rly pro pe r to a li

be l, a re the se , ( s cil ) tha t it b e ro und , ( a s the
.

civ ilian s te rmit ) di luci d , co ncluding, n o t o b s cure

?
unce rta in, no r ge ne ra l or a lte rna tiv e
5 The e fficie nt ca use o f a libe l is the la w,
.

whi ch d e po se th a libe l to b e o ffere d : B ut it

co m ma nds principa lly tha t it be o ffere d to the
Judge ( se e ing hi s o flice i s implore d upo n this
.

"
.

e titio n ) a n d the n a lso to the a d v e rse party

p .

6 A s to wha t re spe cts the

.

It i s be o ffe re d in a ll ca use s, a b o ut whi ch the

ud gme nt is stirre d up, a nd a suit i s co m m ce d
j
‘

e n

be twix t two a n d tha t a s We ll in civ il a s criminal .

c a use s, fire but no t a lw ay s in sum

. mary ca us e s,
( v i z.
) in e x e c uti o ns : fo r in t h e se , a n y m an n e r

o f pe ti tl o n is sufficie nt, tho u h it be w itho ut wri

g
tin g : li ke a s whe n it proc e e de d by way o f in
i sitio n, o r wh e re the o ffice o f Jud e is im lo r
q u
g p
e d ln a n e x trao rdin a ry m a n ne r .

7 The fo rmo f a libe l, ( a ltho ugh it o ught e s

.

e cia ll to be dra wn , a c co rdi n t th t l d

p y g o e s
y e a n
c usto mo f e v e r c o urt t th i n i l
y y e , e r e s o s
p e c a

custo m e x ta nt) o u ht to be d ra wn in writin ;

g g
a n d in such m a nne r, a s th a t it m a c o ntain th e se
y
fiv e things, co mpre he n de d in the se fo llo wing
v e rse s

Q uis , uid,
q (i
q
Re cte co mpositus ui ue
q q Libella s he be l s t

F e rra r in fo rma Lib

. . co n tr . Opplib 8m
. . .

i Horti e n si s de Libe ll . obl a . A lci at ubi s up fo l 1 8

. . . .
 .
Of a Libel . 12 5

Ea ch lai n tifl a n d de fe n da n t s n a me , ’
'

A n d e e the J udge w h o try e s th e s a me

Th e thin g de ma n de d , a n d the right w he re by
Y o u urge to ha v e i t gra n te d i n sta n tly :
He do th a libe l ri ght a n d w e ll c o mpo se ,
W h o fo rms th e s a me , o mittin g n o ne o f tho se .

But the pa rti cula r fo rm o f a co nsists in libe l ‘

“

th e co n clusio n , whic h (wha t it o ught to be ) I a

s o n in s ect huic a u temn 1 3 Ins ti tut de A ction
. . . .

c o pio usly di spute s ; so a l so JPIyns in I nst de . .

A ction A t thi s da y , suc h re spe ct is ba d to the

.

c o n clusio n th a t it b e sufficie n t to ga the r from

,

its fo rm, o f w ha t na ture the a ctio n is, tho ugh no

na me be ex
pre sse d : w hich se e ms to ha v e be e n
o t h e rw a y s forme rly , a t le ast by the la w o f Co
d i ce s To ma ke this fo rm the mo re diluci d an d
m
.

c l e a r, we w i ll dispo se it into a n argu e nt or a

s llo gism
y , 1 in D a r i i, w h i:

ch sh a ll in sh ort co m
re h e nd the wh o le m a tte r, a nd all the pa rts o f
p
a libe l .

E v ery one who defa mes a n hones t ma n ought to

be E cclesi a s tica lly puni shed .

A G ha th defa med a cer ta in hones t ma n, J G

. . . .

Therefore the sa id A G o ught to be E cclesi . .

a s tica lly punishe d .

8 Civ il a cti o ns a re e ith e r singul ar, ge nera l o r

.

univ e r sal , a s w a s sho wn in the Pra ctice Tho se .

ac tio n s w hi ch a re sin ular , a re al so e ithe r re a l

g
e rson a l, or m i x t, a s ha s be e n sho wn N o w in
p .

a re a l a ction, the ne x t ca use , a n d no t the re

I ta fo rma r i de be t ut e x n a rra ti s s ufli ci a t u

‘
s a e n di
g
impli cite re sulta re e t i n o ste a e x pli cite i n pr o a tio n i bus
p
de c l a r a ri W e s e.mb u b 1 5 n 8 A n c
.h o r c o s i l 1 48 n 6
. . . . . . . .

l
‘'
La n fr . c . quo ni a m de pro b
. . a d ve r b pe ti tio n
. n . 8
12 6 Of the Fo rm

mote o ught to b e e x pre sse d a s fo r e x a mple

,
‘

, ,

I d e ma n d te n po un ds o f Ti tius w hi ch I le n t h im ,

a n d I de sire he m a y be co n d e m n e d to pa y me

tha t sum: he re n o w the c o ntra ct or the le n di n g ,

mo ne y is the n e x t ca use in a re a l a ctio n a n d it

, ,

is the re mo te c a use in a pe rso na l a ctio n ; fo r th e

o bliga tio n o r bo nd a risin g fro m the co n tra c t is ,

th e ne x t o r n e a re st ca us e
p in a e rso n al a c ti o n ,

a n d th e re m o te c a use in a re a l a ctio n : w he r e

fo re in a re a l a c tio n , if y o u sa y in y o ur lib e l, I
a sk te n o und s o f Ti tius , which he o we s m e u
p p
o n b o n d ; he re yo ur libe l is so ge ne ra l a s it is in ,

d a nge r o f be ing a v o ide d, if the d e fe n d a n t e x

c o ts a a in st it : b ut if in this a ctio n , o u sa in
'

p g y y
this ma n ne r, I a sk te n po un ds o f Ti tius w hich
I le n t him, the libe l l s dilucid, by y o ur ma king
me n tio n o f the n e x t ca use : a n d so o bse rv e the
u i te c o ntrar in a rso na l a ctio n sf But in a
‘
e
q y pe g
ne ral o r univ e rsa l judgm e nt o r a ctio n, th e re i s

no ne e d o f m e ntio nin a ny ca use

g .

9 The e n d o f th e libe l i s, th a t it ma y pro

.

un d the pla intiff s d e sire , a n d i n struct the

’

p o

Judge a n d the a dv e rsa ry , a s to the n a ture o f the

future sute , a n d to the fo un da tio n of jud gme nt :
fo r bo th the a rticle s o f the pro o fs a re to be a o
co m mo da te d to the fo rm o f the libel, a nd the
se n te n ce is to be ro no un ce d a c c o rdin t th
p g o e

sa me
‘
Whe re fo re to the inte nt tha t the judg
.

me n t be be gun in d ue o rde r, a n d be fo un d e d
upo n a ce rta in thing, it is ne ce ssa r th a t a libe l
y
be giv e n by the pla intiff, tho ugh n o t a dmoni sh

La n fr . ubi s . n . 3 . M y n e I n s t dc A
. . ct . i n Rub n
mn i um a ute m
. .

15 . et Se ct . o . n . 1 4, 1 5 .

1 L '
a n f . ubi supra n 3, . 4, 5 , 6 .
 Of a Libel . 12 7

cd the re to : the o mission where o f doth vitia te

the pro ce e din gs . W he n ce a lib e l is de se rve dly
ra nke d a m n th e s ubsta ntia l
pr o c e e di n for
og s :
g
no lib e l e x i sting, th e proc e e dings a re re nde re d

n ull, &c

l
.

1 0 A gre e a ble to w ha t ha s be e n sa id , I wil

.

he re o b v iate the fo rm o f a li be l, a s it is ofie re d

'

b e fo re th e Judge o f the E c cle sia stica l Co urts .

A n d in the first pla c e , it must be dra wn in the

na m e a n d style o f the Jud e , a s A lcia tus h a s
g
a lso o b se rv e d in his fo rm, se t d o w n in his ra c
p
tic e , a t fo l 1 8 ( v iz ) . . .

In the me o f G o d ame n B efo re you the

na .

wor st ful H W D oc to r of La ws pr incipa l . .

,

ici a l of the be a utiful cons is to r co urt of

ofl y
Y o rk (fi re T he
p a r
,
ty f
o J .G a
g a in s t A . . .

G QC a llegeth a nd com
. .
pla ine th a nd
p ro ,

p o un e th, d Q C .

Im p rim i s, He do th r o o un d an d a rticle , tha t

p p
th e sai d J G w a s a n d 1 s a man v e ry h o n e st, j ust
m
. .

a n d u ri h t, o f o o d fa e , life a n d h o n e st c o n

m
p g g
v e rs a tio n, a s e r se d , d e fa m e d , w ith n o cri e (a t
p
le a st such a s i s no to rio us ) e x ce pt s uch a s is a f
'

te rw a r d s me ntio ne d , a n d is co m monly re pute d,

ha d , na me d a n d e ste e me d a s such , &c .

I tem, Tha t n o twith sta n din g th e pre mise s , the

sa id A G o ut o f a ma lign spirit in the mo nths
. .
,

of A . III I (fi r
.e in thi s
p
.r e s e nt y
. e a r,
1 63 0 ,

in o ne o r o the r o f the sa i d mon th s w ithin the ,

sa id ari sh " of D a fo re sa id o r so m e o the r

p .
,

R a ti o h uj us a pud M y n s I n st d e A . . c ti on . Se ct . Ma
le f e t Se ct cur a re a ute m
. . .
 Precede nts . 12 9

No . l .

S u mmons of a J udge o r J us tice of the Pea ce to

the l lI a s ter, to a ns wer a cla imfor wages
’ * .

TO A . B . MA STE R o r T1111 S HI P F A ME .

Y ou a re he re by re quire d to a tte nd a t my o f
fic e N o
, . Stre e t, in th e City o f Ba ltimo re ,
o n Mo n d a y n e x t, the da y o f at

o c l o ck in the fo re no o n , to sh o w c a use wh
’

yp ro

c e s s o f a tta chm e nt sho uld no t i s sue a a inst th e

g
s a i d sh ip F a me , w he re o f y o u a re Ma ste r, he r

ta c kle , a ppa re l a nd furniture , a cco rdi ng to the

r u le s o f A dm i ra lty C o urts, to a nswe r the cla ims
o f Tho ma s Ta c kle fo r se rvi ce s a s a Ma rine r o n

b o a rd the sa id ship d uring he r v oy a ge fro m the

o rt o f to the po rt o f w hi ch v o a e
p y g
e n d e d o n th e day o f
G ive n un de r my ha nd, this d ay f
in th e ye a r a fo re sa id T G
. . .

one o f the J us tices f

o the Pea ce for

No 2 . .

Gertifica te o f the Magistra te to the Clerk f

o the
D istrict Cour t .

I do he re by ce rtify , tha t the re appe a s to me r

sufii cie nt c a use o f com laint whe re on to fo und

p
Vide p 7 . a nte .

s
1 30 Preceden ts .

A d miralty pro ce ss a ga inst the sh ip F a me , h e r

ta ckle , a ppa re l a nd furniture , to a n s we r th e
co mpla int o f A B la te a Ma rin e r o n boa rd th e
. .

sa id ship .

Libel for S ea men s

’
Wages .

To th e Ho n o ura ble J a mes Winche s ter Judge , of

District Co urt o f the Unite d Sta te s, fo r

th e
Ma ryla n d District,

s ho we th

THA T y o ur l the te nth day o f Jun e

e lla nt o n

i n the y e a r o f o ur Lo rd o ne thousa nd e igh t h un

d re d a nd fo ur a t the Po rt o f Baltimore m the

s a id Distri ct, a t th e re que s t o f Da nie l Jo n e s,

Ma ste r o f the ship He nrie tta , the n lying a t a n

ch o r in the sa id Po rt, shi e d a s a Ma rin e r o n
pp
bo a rd sa id ship, to pe rfo rm a v oy a ge o n the
high sea s a nd within the jurisdictio n o f thi s Ho
n o ura ble Co urt, to wit, fro m the sai d Po rt o f

l
Ba ltimo re to Liv e rpo o , the nce to a ny o the r
o rt in G re a t Bri ta in , a n d the n ce b a ck to the
p
sai d Po rt o f Bal tim o re , at the w a e s o f tw e nt
g y
do lla rs per mo nth, a s will mo re fully a ppe a r by
the shipping article s signe d by y o ur Libe lla nt,
in which his c o n tra ct fo rthe sa id v o y a ge is fully
se t fo rth , a n d whi ch he ra s ma b ro d a
p y y e
p
ed b th e sa id Da nie l Jo ne s to this Ho no ura ble

E
y
o ur t .
 Pre ceden ts . 1 31

A n d y o ur Libe llant furthe r sho we th, tha t he

r o c ee d e d o n the sa id v o a e in he sa id shi
p y g t p
t o the said po rt of Liv e rpoo l, whe nce he ro
p
e d e d to the o rt o f Lon do n a n d th e nce ba ck
p
to th e Po rt o f Ba ltim o re a fo re sai d , a t all tim es

a n d in a ll thin s d o in
g g h i s d ut
y f a ith f u lly a s a

M a rine r o n bo ar d the sa id ship A nd yo ur Li .

b e lla nt furthe r sho we th, tha t the sa id shl p a r

r i v e d a t the sa i d Po rt o f Bal tim o re o n the

d a y of in th e y e a r o f o ur Lo rd o ne tho u
s a n d e igh t h und re d a n d w h e re she wa s
sa fe ly mo ore d a nd h e r c argo sa fe ly la nde d,
a n d y o ur Libe lla nt wa s di sch arge d fro mth e s a i d

s h i p w itho ut be ing pa i d the w a ge s so by him

e a r ne d as a f hre sa id o r a ny pa rt the re o f, ex
c e pt wha t is d uly cre dite d in the sche d ule he re

u n t o a nn e x e d ; a n d t h e re is n o w d u e u n to y o u r

s a i d Libe ll a nt, by re a so n o f his sa id se rvi ce s ,

th e sum o f do lla rs, wh ich the sai d Da nie l

Jo n e s hithe rto ha th a lto ge the r re fuse d a n d still
:

do t h r e fu se to
p a
y ,
a lt h o u g h o ft e n t h e r e to r e

u i re d by y o ur Libe lla n t
q
.

Yo ur Libe lla nt furthe r sho we th, tha t the

sa i d ship is a bo ut to pro c e e d to se a b e fo re th e

end o f te n d a
y s n e x t af te r th e d e liv er
y o f he r

c a r
g o ; a n d u n le ss
y o u r L ib e lla n t c a n o b ta in im
me d i a te
p r o c e s s h e m a
y n o t b e a b l e to e n fo rc e

the pa y me nt o f his afo re sai d w a ge s by the de

cre e o f this Ho no ura ble Co urt ] .

To the e nd the re fore tha t y o ur Libe lla nt ma y

Thi s a lle g a tio n i s n e ce s s a ry w he n , th e be in g

v e s se l

a b o ut ro ce e d b
to e fo r e th e e x pira ti o n of t n da y s
pto se a
e
fro m th e d e li v e ry o f he r c a r g ,
o th e s e a ma n r e q re s 1 m
ui

me di a te pro ce s s , w itho ut the de la y o f a s um ns Vi dm o — .

1 L ( L S p 1 34
. . . . 6 . .
1 32 Prece dents .

o b ta in re lie f in th e
p r e m i se s,
h e ra
p y e th p r o c e ss

o f a tta c h m e n t a
ga i n s t th e s a id sh ip H e n rie tta ,

he r ta ckle , a ppa re l a n d furn itur e , a cco r d in g to

th e co urse o f A dmiralty Co urts, a n d mo ni tio n as
is usua l in like c a se s ge ne ra lly a n d in spe c ia l to
the sa id Da nie l Jo ne s, tha t h e ma y o n hi s c o rpo
r a l o a th , tr ue a n d pro pe r a ns w e rs ma ke to this

Libe l a nd to the inte rroga to rie s he re unto a n n e x

ed . A n d y our Libe lla nt pra y s th a t th e sa i d
ship He nrie tta , h e r ta ckle , a ppa re l a n d fur ni

ture ma y be c o n d e mne d an d so ld to pa y th e w a
e s d ue a s a fo re sa id to y o ur Li b e lla nt, a n d tha t
g
h e ma y ha v e s uc h furthe r re lie f in the pr e mi se s
a s to j usti c e sha ll s e e mm eet .

fl -
The Pr o cto r w i ll h i n te rr o ga to r i e s a s
a nn e x s uc

ma y s u’i t h i s ca se , a n d a s ta te me n t upo n o a th , o f th e Li
.

b e l la l t s , c la l m, m th e fo rm o f a n a cc o un t a ga i n s t the
v e sse i

A tta chment aga i ns t the Ves sel

THE U NI TED S TA TES o r A MERI CA

MA RYLA ND D I STRI CT, 8 3 .

To the M a rsha l fo r M a ryla nd Dis trict G ree ting ,

WE mma nd
Km
co o
y ,u tha t o u a tta ch, s e i ze ,
ta ke , a n d sa fe l k h B f
y ee
p t e ( -
a ste r o. the
.

her ta ckle, appa rel a nd urn i ture , com

f
ma nded by a nd no w l i n
y g a t the P o r t o
f
The A tta ch me n t a ga in s t th e pe r s o n i s s i mila r to the
a b o v e , e x ce ptin g, th a t th e w o r d s ri n te d i n i ta l i cks
p a re
o mi tte d , a n d tho se i n clude d ma pare n the si s a re in se r te d
!

.
 Pr ecedents . 1 33

B a lti more to a nswe r the

, lib e l of —
s u a nd ho w
y o u sh a ll e x e c ute this pr e ce pt y o u a ke kno wn m
t o us in o ur Di strict C o urt fo r th e District a fo re

s ai d , a t the C o urt ho use in th e City o f Baltimo re

-

ha ve y o u the n a n d the re this writ

a nd .

W itne ss the Ho no ura ble Ja me s Winche ste r, Esq .

J udge o f o ur sa id District Co urt, this da

y
Clk Dist
. . Co urt Ma ryla nd .

No . .
5.

M on ition a
g a ins t the Ve ssel “ .

THE U N I TED S TA TE S O F A MERIC A

Y
MA R LA N D D I STRI CT 8 8 .

To the Ma r sha l fo r M a ryla nd D is trict G r ee

ting

W HE REA S ha e x hi bite d Libe l o r

C o mpla int in the Distri ct C o urt o f the Unite d .

S ta te s fo r Ma ry la n d Di stric t, sta ting, a lle gin g

a nd ro o un din , tha t
[ h i t th u t
p p g e re r ec e e
p p r o r
the Libel ]
o
f .

A n d w he re a s the J ud ge o f the District Co urt

fo r the Distri ct afore sa id ha th brd e re d a nd di
,

r e cte d n e x t, fo r a ll er so ns co ncerned ( the

p
sai d l to be cite d a n d in tima te d to a ppe a r
in the C o urt ho use i n the City o f Bal timo re , a nd
-

sh o w c a use , if a n th h a v e, (h e h a th ) w hy
y e
y
I n the M o n itio n a ga in st th e pe r s o n the a bo y a fo rm
i s use d , w ith thi s diffe re n ce , th a t th e w o rd s prmte d l n
ita li cks a re o mi tte d , a n d th o s e w hi ch 1 mme d1 a te ly fo l
low the m, i nclude d i n a pa re n the si s , a re i n se rte d .
1 344 Precedents .

j udg me nt sho uld no t

p a ss a s
pra ye d Y o u ar e
-

the re tbre he re by a utho rise d , e m o we re d a nd

p
strictly e njo ine d, pere mpto rily to e rrs a n d .

mo msn p e r so n s w ha tsoe v e r, ha v in
g or
p r e

tending to ha v e a ny right, ti tle, intere s t o r cla i m

in o r to the s a id ( th e s a i d l ib e ll e d a
chl m h
’

g ai n st a s a fo re sa id , b
y p u bli y a
fi ( s e w
ing) this mo nitio n on the M a in M a s t o the s a id
-

(to th e s a i d f o r s o m e t im e ,
a n d b y
lea v ing there qflix ed (a nd le a ving with him) a tr ue
co py t h e re o f : a n d by a ll o the r la wful w a y s,

me a n s a n d me tho d s w ha tso e v e r, w he re by thi s

MON I TI ON ma y be ma de mo st public k a n d n o to
1 io us, to be a n d a pe a r a t th e tim e a nd l
‘
ce
p p a
'

a fo re sa id , b e fo re the J ud e a fo re s a i d : a n d a l so
g
to a tte n d upo n e v e ry se ssio n a nd se s sio n s to b e
he ld the re a n d fro m the n ce , until a DEF I NI TI VE
se nte n c e sh a ll b e re a d a n d pro m ul ge d in th e s ai d
b usine s s incl usiv e ly , i f a ny of them (he ) sha ll
sh a ll think i t the ir (his) d uty s o to d o ; to h e ar,

a bid e b y a n d pe rfo rm al l a nd sin ula r such

g j u
d icial a cts a s a re ne c e ssa ry a nd by la w re quire d
to be do ne a nd e x pe dite d in the pre i se s ; a n d m
furthe r to d o a n d rece iv e wha t unto la w a n d j us
tice shal l a ppe rta in, un d e r the pa in o f th e la w
a n d c o n te m pt t h e re o f, the a b se nce a n d co utu

ma cy o f them(him) a nd e ve ry of themin a ny wise

no tw i ths ta ndin A n d w ha tsoe v e r u h ll d
g y o s a o
-

in the pre mi s e s, y o u sh a ll d uly ce rtify un to the

Judge a fo re sai d, a t the time a n d pla ce a fo re sai d,
toge the r with the se pre se nts .

Witne ss, the Ho no ura ble Ja me s Winche ste r,

Judge o f o ur sa id District Co urt, this day
of in the y e ar o f o ur Lo rd
 P recede nts . 1 85

Libel f or Ma teri a ls furnished to a Vessel .

TO THE HO N OUM BLE, &c .

The Libe l of T F a nd J K
c h a nts, tra din
gj o intl
y y b th e n a m e o f F a n d
K humbly s ho we th
THA T y o ur Libe lla nts, a t sund ry time s be ,

tw e e n th e fo urth da
y o f D e c e m b e r in t h e
y e ar
o f o ur Lo rd e i hte e n h undr e d a n d s e v e n un til
g ,

the tw e nty se v e nth d ay o f June in the e e i h

y a r
g
-

te e n h un dre d ah d nine , a t the s e cia l in sta n ce

.

p
a n d re que s t o f J S a nd W B S wh o
.

w e re e mplo y e d in buildi ng a ne w brig o r v e ss e l

i n N a ntic oke Ri v e r in the sa id Di strict, did pro
v i d e , furnish a nd de li v e r to the use o f the sa id

b ri g, ce rta in rudde r a n d ir o n s, spike s co r ,

d a ge a nd o th e r ma te rial s ne ce ssa ry m th e b uild

in g a nd rigging o f the sa d brig, a nd fo r he r sa fe
i
ty an d na v iga tio n o n the high Se a s
. whi ch ma
te ria ls a n d the co st o f the ma re pa r ticularly se t
fo rth a nd de s cribe d in the A cco unt o r Sc he d ule
h e re unto a nne x e d , a nd a mo un t to the s um o f
thr e e h undre d a nd se v e n ty o n e d o llar s a n d n ine
-

te e n ce nts, c urre nt mone y .

Y o ur Libe lla nts furthe r sho w , Tha t alth o ugh

the sa id brig i s no t y e t c o mple te ly finishe d , a n d
ha th n o t, to th e ir kno w le d ge re ce ive d a ny na me
,

whe re by to distingui sh h e r the o wne rs a re a bo ut

,

to se n d he r o ut o f this Distric t, witho ut pay in

g
y o ur L ib e ll a n ts fo r th e m a te r ia l s fu rnishe d b
y
the m a s a fo re sa id, a nd w hic h ha v e b e e n a pplie d
upon the sa id bri ; a nd o ur Libe lla nts ha v e
g y
not a cce te d a n o th e r se c urity fo r the ir sa id
p y
 1 86 P recedents .

,
cla imth a n the ir lien o n th e s a id brig, whi ch the
y
ha v e no t in a ny ma nne r co n se nte d to re le a se .

To the e nd the re fo re tha t by the de cre e of

this Ho no ura ble Co urt y o ur Libe ll a nts ma y o h
,

ta in re lie f in the pre m ise s, they pra y pro ce s s o f

a tta chm e nt a ai n st the sa id n e w bri no w l in
g g y g ,

a t Vie nna in Na n tico ke Riv e r, h e r ta ckle , a pa

p
re l a n d fur niture a cco rdin to the c usto m o f
, g
A dmira l ty C o urts a n d MO NI TI O N a s is us ua l in
,

like ca se s ge neta lly a nd in s pe cial to the sa id

, ,

J S an d W B S tha t the y ma y , o n
.

the ir co rpo ra l o a ths, true full a n d pe rfe c t a n

,
.

s we r ma ke to this Libe l, a n d a ll the m a tte rs

h e re in se t fo rth, a n d ma y disclo se a n d d e cla re

w he the r a ny a n d w ha t n a me ha s bee n giv e n to
the sa id brig so t ha t the sa m
, e m a
y b e i ns e rte d

in a nd ma de a pa rt o f thl s Li be l A n d y o ur L i .

be lla nts pra y tha t by the De cre e o f this Ho no ur

a b le C o urt the sa id brig m
,
a
y b e c o n de m n e d a n d
so l d fo r th e pa y m e n t o f th e claimo f u L i b l
y o r e .

la n ts, a n d th at th e y ma y ha v e such furthe r a n d

o th e r re lie f a s the na ture o f the ir ca se m a rc
y
i

u ire , a n d the y will pra y , &c

q .

Libel in a Ca se f
o D a mage .

To THE HO NOUB A BLE, &c .

THE Libe l o f I P . . o wne r o f the brig c a lle d

the Cons titutio n g na ai
p st d th the
e Per shi ca lle .

se ve ra nce , w h e reo f T J no w i s o r la te l
.
y
. w a s

ma ste r, h e r ta ckle , a ppare l and furniturc, hum

bly sh o we th :
 P recedents . 1 37

THA T in the month of in the y e ar o f o ur

Lo rd the sa id bri g Co ns ti tution, whe re o f
o ur Libe lla nt wa s m t w t th P t f
y a s e r , a s a e o r o
B a ltimo re , and de signe d o n a v oy a ge the nce to
th e po rt o f Lo n d o n with a v a lua ble c ar o o n
g
b o a r d a n d w a s a t tha t time , a nd a t the time o f the
d a ma ge he re ina fte r ple a d , a tight, sta un ch a nd
w e ll built v e sse l o f the b urthe n o f e i ht to ns o r
,
g y
th e re a bo uts a n d wa s c o mple te ly ri d d w ll
,
gg e a n e
a n d s uflicie ntly fo un d a n d furni she d with ta ckle ,

are l a n d furniture a n d h a d o n bo a r d a n d in
a
pp ,

h e r se rvice the sai d J P a nd fo ur ma rine rs, which

. .

w e re a nd a re a full a n d sufficie nt co mple me nt

o r n um be r o f ha nd s to ta ke ca re o f an d na viga te
th e sa id brig o r a ny o the r v e sse l o f the like bur
th e n a n d rigging, o n the like se rvi ce .

Tha t o n o r a bo ut the da y o f in the

e a r a fo re s a id , the sai d brig Co ns ti tutio n with the
y
sa id J . P a s ma ste r a n d he r a fo re sai d cre w o r
.

com l m e nt o f ha n d s o n b o ard , fo un d, ro vi d
p e
p
e d a n d furni she d a s a fo re sa i d a n d lo a de d with a
,

v a lua ble c a r o a s afo re sai d , saile d f r o mthe Po rt

g
o f Baltimo re o n h e r afo re sai d v oy a ge : tha t o n

th e fo llo w ing da y y o ur Libe lla nt be ing the n

upo n th e de ck o f his sa id brig Co ns titutio n, a n d
th e sa i d b rig b e ing upo n he r sta rbo a rd ta ck, with
th e w in d a ll So uth we st o r the re a bo uts, unde r
-

c l o se r e e fe d to
p
-
sa il,
u p o n t h e h i gh s e a s , w ithi n

t h e fl u x a n d r e fl u x th e r e o f , an d w ithin the j u
ri s d i ti
c o n o f th i s H o n o u r a b l e C o ur t, di s c o v e re d
th e ship Perse vera nce wh e re o f the sai d T J the n . .

wa s m a ste r co m ing o r h e r la rb o a rd ta ck, right

‘
fo r th e sa id brig Co ns ti tution ; wh e reupo n yo ur
libe lla nt a n d hi s cre w hai le d the said ship Perse
T
 P recedents . 1 39

Tha t a fte r the brig Co nstitution w a s so

sa i d

struck a n d re ce iv e d th e d a m
g h
a e a f re sa id ,
y o u r
Lib e lla nt did e v e ry thing tha t a n able a nd e x
e rie n ce d Ma rine r co uld d o fo r the ti
p pr e se rv a o n
o f h is sa id bri a n d h e r c argo b ut fi n di t
g n
g n o ,

w ith sta ndn th e pum ps we re ke t wo rki n ,

p g
a n d e ver e x e rtio n w a s m a d e to sto h l k,
y p e r e a s

th a t she wa s in a sinkn co nd itio n ; be , y o ur Li

b e ll a nt, to pre v e nt th e sa id brig a n d ca rgo fro m
b e ing to tal ly lo st, de te rmine d to a nd di d run th e
sai d bri o n sh o re n e a r C a pe F e a r, with a ll
g p o

sibl e c a re a n d dili ge n ce .

W he re fo re y o ur Libe lla nt pra y s, &c .

C’ Thi s Li be l i s a bri dge d fro m o n e w hi ch i s i n se rte d

in J udge M a rri o t s fomnul a r e The c a se i s un do ubte dly
’
.

w i th in the ur i s d i cti o n o f A d mi ra lty , i n En la n d , b ut

j
I u n de rs ta n d tha t a co n tra ry d o ctrin e ha s e e n he l d
i n Pe n n sy lv a n i a by J udge Pe te r s , w ho di s mi s sed a libe l .

My i n fo r m a ti o n ,
h o w e v e r , i s n o t p o s i ti v
. e B t h e L a w s
o f O le r o n a rt . 1 4 a n d th e o r di n a n ce o f
. i s buy a rt .

2 6 5 0 67 a n d 70 e a ch s hip mus t b e a r a mo i e ty o f the

. . . .

da ma ge i f the i n ury w a s a c ci de n ta l
j . B ut i f the a rty
run n in g a a i n st th e o the r d o n o t s w e a r tha t h e di n o t
g
d o i t d e s i n e d ly , he mus t pa the W h o le l o s s .

In En g a n d , Sir J a me s a r ri o tt s a y s , tha t, w h e n the

J ud ge ha s a n y d o ubts in r ega r d to th e ma n n e r o f n a v i
ti hi s c o ur s e , o si ti o n a n d s itu a ti o n , he c a ll s fo r
g a n
g s p p
the a s s i s ta n ce o f tw o ma s te r s o f th e Tri n ity Ho us e ,
to e x pl a i n I n o ur C o urts I pre s ume tha t e x pe ri e n ce d
ma s te rs wo uld be s ummo ne d, a s w i tne s se s, for thi s pur
.

o se
p .
To the Hono urable Richa rd Peters Esq J udge ,
.

o f the District Co urt o f the Unite d S ta te s,

in a nd fo r the Pe nnsyl vania District

The libel of J . W '

.
p A m
o wne rs o f
i a the shi

ble a nd W P C a pta in o f the sai d ship, fo r the m

'

. .

se lv e s a nd a ll o the rs e ntitle d , hum bly sho we th :

Tha t on Sa turda y the 1 0th day o f N o v i nst . .

abo ut 7 o clo ck m th e m o rnin , the sa id P

’

g .

be in o n a v oy a ge i n the sa id shi p fr o mC ha r] s
g
ton , in So u th Ca ro li na to Phila de lphia , h e di s
co v e re d a ship i n di stre s s , 1111 0 0 wh ic h h e s h o rt
c ue d sa il ha ule d up fo r h e r, a n d fo u 1 d he r t o be
,

a shi p La Bella Creo lle o f Bo rd e a ux , c o mma n d e d

by De nne y , bo un d fo r P a u P to b Th a t the . . .

C a pta in de cla re d that the y we re in gre a t d i s

tre ss the ship be ing sinking unde r the m a n d e n
tre a te d the sa id P V P to sta y by the m, to w hich
. .

th e s a i d W P a gre e d , a nd the win d the n blo w

.

i ng v e ry fre sh, th e sa i d W P ma de light sa il 111 .

o de r to c
r o nti n u e i n t he ir co mpa ny tha t the
—
e o le o n bo a rd the sa id La B elle Cr eolle n o t
p p
d e rsta nd ing his inte ntio ns a ppe a re d al a rme d a nd
re ne we d the ir signa ls o f distre ss, u o n which the
p
sa id W P wo re shi a n d ra n und e r the ir ste rn,
.
p
wh e n the y a ga in be so ught himno t to lea v e the m
a s the ir ship wo uld un d o ubte dl f u d u n
y o n e r , po

which the sa id W P a ssure d the mth a t h e w o uld

.

sta y by the m a nd re lie v e the m a s so o n a s the

w a e r mo de r
e th a te d— tha t the ne x t d a y a bo ut 1 1
o clo ck he se nt his y a w ] with his m
’
a te a n d fo ur

h a nd s on b o a rd the sa id ship La B elle Cre o lle,

who a ssiste d to pump o ut the sa id ship, a nd to
1 42 P recedents .

ing a nd be gge d to —
be ta ke n o ut that he o rdere d
h
t e m to h o i st o u t th e i r b o a t a n d p ut p r o v i si o n

into he r a n d fa ll to le w a r d a n d h e w o ul d h e a r

d o wn a n d ta e k th e m in — tha t it a ga in b e ga n to
b lo w fre sh wi th a h e a v y se a , a n d a s the y w e re
h o isting o ut the ir bo a t she d ro ppe d in pie c e s,
w h e re upo n the y b e gge d th e said P to se n d h is .

b o a t to the ir a ssi sta n ce ; tha t the sa id P ca lle d .

to ge th e r hi s o fli ce rs a n d cre w to e nquire w hi ch
o f the m wo uld und e rta ke in th e hi gh w in d a n d

h e a v y sea which the n pre v a ile d to go a nd bring

a w a y the cre w ; tha t hi s two m a te s, a n d tw o o f

the se a me n a gre e d to go a nd go t o ut th e bo a t,
th a t with co n si de ra ble pain s a n d d a nge r b rin g
ing pro visi o n s a nd two me n a t a time the y re mo v
e d the c a pta in a n d hi s w ho le cre w co nsi sting o f

twe nty thre e me n a nd o n e pa sse nge r ; tha t pre vi

o us to le a v ing th e sai d ship, the cre w pro po se d

to se t he r on fire , to which h o we v e r, th e sa id
ca tai n P upo n b e in g in fo rm e d o f the ro o sal
p p
p .

o bje cte d , a n d th e sa id ca pta in D an d his c re w

.

b e i ng o n b o a rd th e A miable, d e cla re d tha t they

re lin qui she d a nd a ba n d o ne d the sa id shi
p L a

B elle Creo lle a nd e v e ry thing o n bo a rd h e r

tha t the ne x t mo rning be ing the l 6 th, the sa id
c a pta n P
i . h o iste d o ut the
y a w l a n d in the

c o urse o f th e d a t o ok o ut o f th e sa id shi as
y p
much o f the cargo a s po ssible a mo unting as y o ur
Li be lla nts be lie v e to be a bo ut twe nty tho usa nd
w t o f C o ffe e , fo ur o r five ba rre ls a fe w ke s o f
.

g
Sugar, twe lve o r thirte e n ba le s o f Co tto n , a n d a
b o ut twe nty thre e ba gs o f In digo , 850 &c &c
-
. . .

( p ify g
s ec i n t h e A r t icl e s s a ve d » th a t n igh t c o m in g
 Precedents .

on, the ship sinking fa st, a nd th e re a ppe a ring no

cha nc e o f
p re se rv in
g h e r, a t th e re ne w e d re

u st o f the sa id ca ta i n D a nd to v e nt he r
q e
p .
p re

inj uring o the r v e sse ls, they se t fire to the sa id

shi p a n d le ft h e r, a n d th e sa id ca pta in P with th e .

sa i d c a ta in D a nd his cre w a n d a sse n e rs a

p .
p g
fo re sa id a rriv e d in the Po rt o f P the 19 th o f
.

N o v e mbe r in st .

No w ina smuch a s the sa id W P ha th with .

so much diffic ulty a n d d a n e r s a v e d fro m the

g
sa i d sh i L a B e lle Cre o lle th e A rticle s a fo re sa i d ,
p
whi ch w o uld o the rwi se i n a ll h uma n pro ba bility
h a v e b e e n to tal ly lo st ; may it ple a se y o ur
h o no ur to o rde r the sa i d a rticle s b e ing n o w o n
b o a rd the sai d ship A mi a ble to b e a tta che d a n d
tak e n by the pro ce ss o f this ho no ura ble C o urt,
a n d th a t a MO N I TI O N is sue to a ll pe rso n s c o n

c e rn e d to sh o w ca use , if a ny th e y h a v e , w h
y
a r e a so n a b le Sa lv a ge sh o uld no t be d e cre e d

the re o ut to the Libe lla n ts a n d all o the rs i n title d,

a n d th a t s uch furth e r a n d o the r ste s sha ll b e
p
take n a s the co urse o f this ho no ura ble C o urt
sha ll re quire .
’
J W . .

W P . .

W . RA WLE, A ttorney fo r L ibella nts .

1 44 Precedents .

1h the honoura ble JOHN Sw s s Honu rr, esquire ,

trict Cour t of the United S ta tes

The libe l of Silas Talbot e squire co mma nd

f th U i t d S t t h i o f w r th e Co ns ti
e r o e n e a e s s
p a s

tution o n be ha lf a s we ll o f the Unite d Sta te s a s

o f hi m se lf a nd the o fli ce rs a nd cre w o f th e sa i d

shi , a ga in st the sh ip A m elia , he r ta ckle , a ppa re l,

p
furniture a n d ca rgo :
The sa id Li be lla nt for a nd o n be half a s a fo re
sa i d, d o th h e re by pro po und, a lle ge a nd d e cla re

to this h o no ura ble co urt, a s fo llo we th (to wit)

Fi rs t, Tha t pursua nt to instructio ns fo r tha t
ur o se fro mthe Pre si de nt o f the Unite d S ta te s
p p
this Libe lla nt in a nd with the sa id Unite d State s
shi o f wa r th e Co ns ti tution a nd h e r o flice rs a n d
p
cre w, did sub d ue , se ize a nd ta ke u o n the hi h
p g
se a s, th e sa id ship o r ve sse l ca lle d the A m eli a

o f th e b urth e n o f a b o ut 370 to ns, with he r a ppa

re l gun s, a nd a ppurte na nce s, a nd a v a lua ble ca r

,

o o n b o ard o f the sa m e , co nsi stin f tt

g g o co o n,

s u a r, a n d dry goo d s in b a le s, a nd ha th bro u ht

g g
th e sa id ship o r v e sse l a nd he r ca rgo into the
o rt o f Ne w Yo rk, whe re th e n o w a re
p y .

S econdly Tha t the sa id ship o r v e sse l ca lle d

,

th e A m eli a a t the time o f the sa id c a pture the re

o f wa s a rm e d with e i ht c a rri a e
g u d w
,
g g n s , a n a s

unde r the co m ma nd o f Citoy e n Etienne Pre vo st,

a F re nch o lii ce r o f Ma rine , a n d h a d o n bo a rd

b e side s the said co mma nde r the re o f, e le v e n

e n ch m a riners
Fr -th a t a s thi s Libe lla nt ha th be e n
info rme d , the sa id ship o r v e ssal with he r s ai d
ca r o be in
g g t h e ro
p p y e r t o f s o m e p e rs o n o r
p e r
 P recedents . 1 45

so n s to th e Libe lla nt unkno w n , saile d some

sa i d

time since fro m C a lcutta a n Engli sh po rt in the

,

E a s t Indie s, bo und fo r s o me po rt in Euro pe

Th a t upo n he r sai d v oyage she wa s me t w ith a nd
ca tu re d a s a rize b F re nc h na tio na l co r
p p y a

v e tte ca lle d La Dili en te c o m m a n de d b L T

g , y . .

D u b o is wh o to o k o ut o f he r the ca pta in a nd cre w

,

o f the sa i d ship A m eli a , with a ll the a e rs re

p p
la ti n g to he r a n d he r cargo a nd pla ce d the sa id
,

E ttie nne Pre v o st a n d the said F re n ch ma rine rs

o n b o a r d o f he r a nd o r de re d h e r to St Do m . in go
fo r a dj udic a tio n, a s a go o d a n d la wful prize — A n d
th a t she re mai ne d in th e full a n d pe a ce a ble po s
s e s sio n o f the F re n ch fr o m th e tim e f th e c a
o p
tur e the re o f by the mfor the spa ce o f te n da y s,
‘

w h e re by this Libe lla nt i s a d vi se d tha t a s we ll by

th e la w s o f n a ti o n s a s by the pa rticula r la w o f
F r a nce , the sai d ship be ca me a n d w a s to be co n
si d e re d a s a F re n ch shi
p .

L a s tly this Pro po n e n t doth a lle ge , propo und

,

a n d d e cla re , tha t a ll a nd sin ula r the re m i

g p s es

a r e a n d w e re tr ue u b li ck a n d n o to rio us, o f
p ,

w h ich d ue pro o f b e ing ma de h e h umbly pra y s,

the u sua l pro ce ss a n d mo nitio n o f this c o urt in

this be ha lf to b e ma de , a nd tha t the sa id Etie n
ne Pre v o st a nd a ll o th e r e rs o n s h a vin o r cla i m
, p g
ing a ny in te re st in the sa i d ship A melia , h e r a p
par e l, gun s, a
ppurte n a n ce s a nd ca r o , o r a n
g y
pa rt the re o f, ma y be cite d
in ge ne ra l a n d spe ci
a l, to a n s we r th e re mi se s, a nd tha t right a n d
p
j u stice m a
y b e d u ly a dmi ni ste re d i n thi s b e h a lf ,

a n d a ll d ue r o ce e din s be in h a d , tha t th e sa m e
p g g
shi o r v e sse l, h e r a pare l, u ur t e na n c e s
p p g n s, a
pp
and c a r o , for the ca use s a fo re sa i d a nd o th e rs
g
U
1 416 Precede n ts .

a ppe a r g, m
in
y
a , by th e d e fi niti v e s e n te n ce a nd

d e cre e o f this h o no ura ble Co urt be co n d e mne d

a s fo rfe ite d , to be di stribute d a s by la w is pro vi

d e d re spe c ting the ca pture s ma d e by the public k

a rm e d v e sse ls o f th e Unite d Sta te s ; o r if i t sh all

a p e a r th a t the sa m e o r a ny part o r pa rce l th e re

p
o f o ught to be re sto re d to a ny pe r so n o r pe r

s on s a s the fo rme r o wn e r o r o wn er s th e re o f,
th e n that th e sa m e m a
y b e so re sto re d u o n the
p
a m e nt o f such sal va e a s b la w o u ht to be
p y g y g
p a id fo r th e sa m e
.

11 1 a 11 1) HA RRI S ON ,
A dvoca te for Libe lla n t .

A nswer to the fo rego ing Libel .

THE Clai m a nd A nswe r '

of Ha nsFre d e rick
Se a ma n to the Libe l o f Sila s Tal bo t, Esqui re ,
C o mma nd e r o f th e Unite d Sta te s ship o f w a r
the Co ns ti tution, o n be ha lf a s we ll o f the Un ite d
Sta te s a s o f himse lf a n d the o ffice rs a nd cre w o f
s a id ship, a ga in st the shi
p A m elia , h e r ta c kle a
p
a re l, furniture a n d c a r o , in be h a lf o f M e ssr s
p g .

C ha pe a u Ro uge a n d C o mpa ny o f Ha mb urg,

me r cha nts, o wne rs o f the sai d ship A melia a n d
he r ca rgo .

THE sai d Ha n s Fre de ri ck Se a ma n, sa v ing a n d

re se rv ing to himse lf a ll be ne fit o fe x ce tio n to th e
p
s a i d Libe l, a n s we re th a n d sai th, th a t the sa id sh i
'

m
A elia , co mma nd e d by o ne Ja co b F re d e ri c k
p

Enge lbre cht, a s ma ste r, saile d o n o r a bo ut th e

tw e ntie th da y o f F e bruary o ne tho usa n d se v e n
h undre d a nd nine ty e ight fromthe Po rt o f f l a m
 Precedents .

b ur gh o n a v oy a ge to the Ea st Indie s, whe re she

a rri v e d sa fe .

T h a t she le ft C alcutta co mmande d by the

s a i d Ja r m re de rick En e lb re cht so me time i n
g
th e mo n th o f A ril l a st a st, b o und to the Po rt
p p
o f Ha m burgh a fore sai d . Th a t a t the time o f
th e s a i d ship A melia le a v in
g H am b urgh a nd C a l
c u tt a a s a fo re s a id, a n d a t the tim e o f h e r c a ture
p
b y the F re n ch he re in a fte r me n tio ne d , she b e
lo n ge d w ith h e r c a rgo , co n sisti ng o f the A rticle s
in th e sa i d Li be l me n tio n e d , unto M e ssie urs C h a
e a u Ro u e a n d Co m a n , B ur he r s o r Citize n s
p g p y g
o f Ha m burgh , a n d th a t the sa me i f re sto re d , w ill
b e t he so le pro pe rty o f the s a id Cha pe a u Ro uge
a n d Co m a n a n d o f no o the r e r s o n T h t th
p y p . a e
s a i d sh i
p A m e lia wa s c a ture d o n o r a bo ut the
p
si x th d a o f Se te m b e r la st, o n the hi h se a s a s
y p g
sh e wa s ro se c utin h e r la st m e n tio ne d v o a e
p g y g
to Ha mburgh a fo re sa id , by a F re nch a r me d v e s
se l w ho se n a me a s this Clai m an t ha s un d e rsto o d

w a s la He nr ie tta of Ro chfo r t, co mma n d e d a s he

un d e rsto o d b C iti ze n D u b i
o s — t h a t th i d
y e s a c a
p
ta i n Dubo i s, o r w h o e v e r the sai d c a pta in o f the
sai d a rm e d v e sse l mi ht h e , to o k fr o m th e s ai d
g
sh i
p A m e li a the ma ste r the re o f, th e s a id Ja c o b

Fre de rick En ge lb re c ht, a nd thirte e n o f he r cre w ,

with a ll he r pa pe rs, le a v ing o n b o a rd this Clai m
a n t w h o w a s ma te o f the s a i d ship A m e li a , th e

d o cto r a n d fiv e o the r me n ; tha t the F re n ch c a p

tai n se nt o u b o a rd o f th e sa id ship A melia tw e lv e
ha n d s, a n d o r d e red h e r to pro ce e d to St Do min .

a nd a rte d c o mpa ny with h e r th e fifth d a y

g o, p
f
a fte r h e r c a ture a s a o re sa id — tha t o n o r a bo ut
p
the fifte e nth d a y o f Se pte mbe r la st pa st, the sa id
1 48 Precedents .

ship A m elia w h il e in
p o s se s si o n o f t h e F r e n c h ,

w as ap c tu re d w i th o u t a n y r e s is ta n c e o n h e r
p a r t
by th e sa id s hi p o f w ar th e C o ns t i tu ti o n ,
a n d
b u h t i t th r t o f N e w Y o r k — T h a t th e
r o g n o e p o

A m e li a h a d e ig h t c a r ri a
g g
e u n s , it b e i n
g u s u a l for

a ll v e sse ls e nga ge d in the tra d e she w a s c a rry ing

o n to b e ar m e d e v e n in t im e s o f a
g e n e ra l
p e a ce ,

a n d thi s Cla im a nt furthe r sa y e th , tha t th e re b e ing

e a ce be tw e e n F ra nce a n d Ha mb urg a t th e tim e

p
o f th e c a pture first a bo v e m .
e ntio ne d , a n d a l so

b e twe e n th e Unite d Sta te s a nd Ha mburg, a n d the

Unite d Sta te s a n d F ra nce , the po sse ssio n o f the
A me lia by the F re nc h in the ma nne r a n d fo r the
time sta te d in the sa id Libe l c o ul d ne ith e r by the
la w s o f n a tio n s no r by the la w s o f F ra n ce n o r by
th o se o f th e Unite d Sta te s cha nge the pro p e rty
o f the sa id shi p the A m elia a n d h e r car o , o r
g
make the same lia ble to c o nd e mna tio n in a F re n ch
c o urt o f A dmiral ty tha t the sa me co ul d not
b e co n sid e re d a s F re nch pro pe rty , the re fo re
the sa id Ha n s F re d e rick Se a ma n , a s ma te , an d
the o nly o fiic e r o f the said ship A melia n o w in
this po rt, h e re by h um bly claims the sai d ship A
melia a n d he r cargo , a n d pra y s tha t the sa me may
b e d e liv e re d up a nd re store d to him in the like
li h t a n d co n di ti o n a s a t the time o f the c a ture
p g p
by the sa id ship the Co n s ti tution , fo r the be ne fit
o f th e o wn e rs the re o f, a nd tha t he m a b h
y e e n ce

di sm i s se d with his c o sts an d c har e s in thi s be

g
h a lf sustai ne d .

HA N S F REDERI CK S EA MA N .

3d November, 1 7 99 .
 To r un HO NOURA BLE RI CHA RD p e r ms , a sa . M .

The libel of Robert F indley, !Be .

Tha t y o ur Libe llants a re the true o wne rs of

the SHI P W i nLi s M Ja me s
, L e
gga t m aste r,
n o w
ly ing in the po rt o f Phila d e lphia a nd within the
ri sdi cti o n o f this Ho n o ura ble C o urt
j u .

Tha t o n th e third d a y o f May la st the sa id,

ship b e in g on he r v oy a ge fr o m Bre me n to P0
to w ma c riv e r, in th e sta te o f Ma ry la n d , a n d
within ni n e mile s o f the se a co a st o f the Uni te d
Sta te s, re c e iv e d a n A me ri ca n pilot o n bo a rd fo r
th e purpo se o f c o n ducting he r sa fe ly up the
Che sa pe a ke ba y to the pla ce o f he r de stin a tio n .

Tha t a fte r re ce iv ing the sa id pilo t o n bo ard ,

sh e c o ntinue d o n the sa me co urse until sh e ha d

a rriv e d within a bo ut tw o m ile s o f Ca pe He nr ,

y
the s o uthe rn pro mo n to ry o f C he sa pe a ke bay ,
in fiv e fa tho m w a te r, a n d a s ne ar the sho re a s
the pilo t tho ught it pro pe r to go ; whe n she w a s
fo rcibly se ize d a nd ta ke n into po sse ssio n by a
n um be r o f a rm e d me n u n d e r th e co m ma n d of
Pe te r J o a ne n e , ca ptai n o f a n a rme d scho o ne r the n
co m in g o ut o f Che sa pe a ke b a y , ca lle d the Ci ti
zen G ene t, a n d be a ring the n a ti o n a l c o lo urs o f

the re publi ck o f F r a n ce , a s a prize to the sa id

s ch o o n e r, a n d ha th sin ce be e n de ta in e d a n d n o w

i s in the po sse ssio n o f the sa id Pe te r J o a n e ne ,

w ho al so the n a n d th e re ma d e priso ne rs o f the
ca
p ta i n, o f
fi c e r s an d cre w o f th e sa i d s hip ”f i l
lia m, a nd the ma s prisone r doth d e ta in .
l 50 Precedents .

Yo ur Libe llants no t a d mitting tha t th e sa i d

sch o o ne r th e Citize n G ene t, w as d uly co m missi
o ue d a n d a uth o ri ze d to m a ke prize s o f v e ss e ls

be lo ngin g to Bri tish s ubje cts, w hich the y pra y

ma y be inquire d o f, humbly insist tha t a c cord ing
to th e
p r e m i se s, t h e s a i d shi p l V i lli a m w as ,
a t th e

time o f he r be ing so ta ke n , Upo n ne utra l gro un d

wi thin the te rrito ria l j uri sdi ctio n a nd un d e r the
ro te ctio n o f th e Unite d Sta te s w ho are n o w a t
p ,

e a ce wi th th e K i n an d
g e o le o f G re a t Brita i n ,
p p
p
a n d tha t the sa id Pe te r J o a n e ne a n d the pe r so ns
'

un d e r his c o mm a n d ha d n o
p e rm i s sio n o r a uth o r

ity fro m o r unde r the Unite d Sta te s to c a pture

B ritish v e sse ls within tha t dista n ce fi o m the se a '

co a s t to w hic h by the la w s o f n a tio n s a n d the

,

la w s o f the Un ite d S ta te s, the right a n d juris di c

tio n o f th e U nite d Sta te s e x te n d e d .

I NA SMUCH, th e n, a s the sa id c a pture a n d d e

te ntio n o f the s ai d ship Willia ma n d the ca ptai n,
o ffice rs a nd cre w th e re o f a re m a ni fe stl
y j
un ust

d c o ntr a ry to th e la ws o f n a tio n s a n d the la w s

o f the Un ite d S ta te s, y o ur Libe lla nts h um bly
ra y tha t the sa i d ship Willia m h ta k l
p , e r c ar
g ,
o c e ,

a a re l a n d furni ture a n d a ll o the r thin s b e lo n

pp g g
ing to he r ma y by th e se nte nce a n d d e cre e o f
th is Ho no ura b le C o urt b e re stor e d to o ur Libe l
y
la nts . Tha t the sai d c a ptai n o ffice rs a n d cre w
,

th e re o f ma y be re lie v e d fro m impriso n me n t fo r

the purpo se o f n a v iga ting he r to h er d e stin e d
o rt, a n d th a t full s a ti sfa c tio n m b m d b th
p a
y e a e
y e

sa i d Pe te r J o a n e ne a n d a ll o the r s co n ce rne d , a s

w e ll fo r the sa id unla wful c a pture a n d de te n ti o n

o f the sa id shi , a s fo r the im ri so n m t f th
p p e n o e
sa i d c a ta in, o f
p fi ce rs a n d cre w the re o f, a n d all
 P receden ts . 151

d a ma ge s, ch a r e s a n d e x
g pe n se s in curre d the re

F o r w hich e n d y o ur Lib e lla nts h umbly pra y

r o c e ss o f a tta c hme nt, a rre st a n d m iti i
p o n o n a s n

li ke c ase s is customa ry .

RA W LE,
Pro ctor pro Libella nt .

June 3d, 1 79 3 .

PLEA TO JURI SDI CTI ON .

To the Ho noura ble fare ,

.

The ple a o f Pie rre A rca de J o a ne ne , a ci ti ze n

of th e F re n ch Re publie k, in be ha lf o f himse lf
a n d a ll c o nc e rne d in the c a ture o f the British
p
sh i
p W i lli a ma n d h e r c a r o to th e Libe l a n d pe
g ,

titio n e x hi bite d to this Ho n o ura ble C o urt, by

&c .

The sa id Pie rre A r ca de JQa ne ne by pro te sta

tio n no t co nfe s sin g o r a ckn o wle d ing a ny o f the
g’
ma tte rs a n d things in the Libe lla n t s sa id pe titi o n
a nd li be l co nta ine d to b e tr ue in s uch ma nne r a n d

fo rm a s the sa me a re the re in a n d the re by a lle g

e d , fo r ple a to the sai d Libe l a n d pe titio n say s ;

th a t he wa s a t th e time o f hi s a tta cking in a n

,

h o stile ma nn e r a n d ma king prize o f the sa id sh ip

Wi llia m, he r car go an d pe ople , a n d no w i s, d uly
co m missione d by the F re n ch Re publie k a s ca p
ta in o n b o a r d the a rme d sch o o ne r Ci tizen G e ne t,
fitte d o ut by a n d be lo nging to citize ns o f the
s ai d Re publie k, to a tta ck a ll th e e n e m ie s o f the
s a i d Re publi e k w h e re v e r h e m ight find the m,
a nd ta ke the mpris o ne rs with th e ir ships, arm s
1 52 Precedents.

a nd p ro pe rty might be fo und in the ir po s

tha t
se ssi o n , w hich co mmissio n h e is rea dy to sho w
Tha t he the Pie rre A r c a de Jo a ne ne with
sa id

his o fli ce rs, sea me n a nd ma rine r s o n bo a rd the

sa i d ar me d s ch oo n e r C i tize n G ene t, to o k a s
priz e

the Britis h ship Wdlia m a fo re sa id , w ith th e pro

e rty th a t w a s fo un d o n b o a rd o f h e r, the sa id
p
rty be lo n to so m
‘

e 3
g
subje cts o f the K i ng o f re st Brita in, a n d to o k
the pe o ple o n bo ard o f h e r priso n e rs, the y be ing
subje cts o f the sai d Ki ng, a nd the sai d King a n d

hi s subje cts the n be ing in o pe n ho stility a n d a c

tua l wa r w ith the F re n ch Re publick a nd h e r ci
tize ns, a nd bro ught th e sa id ship a n d pro pe rty as
rize a n d th e pe o ple o n bo a rd o f h e r a s ri so n e rs
p p
into the Po rt of Phila d e lph i a , a n d the re de ta in s
o n b o a rd th e sai d scho o n e r Ci tizen G ene t .

Tha t by the la w o f na tion s a nd th e tre a ty

s ub sisting b e twe e n the Unite d Sta te s o f A m e ri

c a a n d th e F re n ch Re publick, it d o th no t e rta in
p
to this Ho no ura ble C o urt, no r is it within th e
co niza nce o f this C o urt a t a ll to in te rfe r e o r
g
h o ld ple a re spe cting th e sa id ship o r pro pe rty
so ta ke n a s prize , o r the British subje cts ta ke n
o n b o a rd o f h e r a s riso ne rs
p .

W HERE F ORE he pra y s tha t h e may be h e nce

dismisse d a nd the sa id ship a nd ca rgo discha rge d

Du PO NCEA U,

1 1 th J une , 1793 .
 P receden ts .
153

REPLICA TI O N .

To the.
Hono ura ble Richa rd Peters, Esq &e . .

The Replica tion o

f, to the plea f dy
o , e . humbly
s howe th

THA T the ir Pe titio n Libe l by the sai d

a nd

Pie rre A rca d e J o a n e n e in his sa id ple a al le ge d

o u ht n o t to b e a b a te d no r dism i sse d b t h i
g y s

Hon o ura ble Co urt, be ca use the y sa y tha t the

s a id ship, th e W i llia m, he r ca rgo , ta ckle , a ppare l
a n d furniture , a nd the o ffic e rs a n d cre w the re o f
,

w e re in ma nne r a fo re sa id , fo rcibly un la wfully

a n d un ustl se ize d a n d ta ke n by the sa id Pie rre
j y
A rca de Je a n e ne , within the d o ma in a n d te rrito
r i al ri sdictio n o f the Uni te d Sta te s, the n a n d
j u
n o w b e in at e a ce w ith the kin nd l f
g p g a
p pe o e o
G re a t Britai n , w he re fo re the sa id ple a by the
‘

s a i d Pi e rre A rca de J o a ne ne in m a nn e r a fore sai d

l e a de d, a n d the m tt th i t i d
p a e r e re n c o n a n e a r e
n o t sufli cie n t in l a w to a ba te the sa i d e titio n
p
a n d Libe l, no r to ca use th e sa m e to b e di sm i ss
ed .

A nd fo r d e fa ult o f a sufficie nt a ns we r in this

be ha lf the sa i d Ro be rt F indlay , &c pray the .

se nte n ce a nd d e c re e o f this Ho no ura ble C o urt

a c co rding to the fo rce , fo rma n d e f fe ct o f the said

e tition a nd Libe l
p .

RA WLE,
Pro cto r fo r Libella nt .

1 4th, June 1 793 .

V
1 5 4: Prece dents .

S A LVA G E .

To the H R
o no ur a ble
I CHA RD PE TE RS es
qj g f
ud e o .

the D is trict Court of the Uni ted S ta tes i n a nd ,

o r the D is trict of Pe nnsylva nia

f .

The Libe l o fJ o n N CHR I STI A N B a nv oo a ma s ,

te r a
,
n d h i mS c a m s S E A M A N a
ge n t o f th e sh i
, p
Fa i r A m e ri c a n ,
n o w r id in
g a t a n c h o r in t h e
o r t o f P hi la d e lp hi a re s
p e c tf u lly s h e w e th
p
THA T the sai d ship se t sa il fro m the po rt o f
Phi l a d e lp hi a ,
in th e U n it e d S ta te s o f A m e r i ca ,
o n

th e 2 2 d d a y o f Se pte mbe r In the y e a r o f o ur

Lo rd 1 79 8, a n d pro ce e di ng o n he r v oy a ge fro m
t h e
p o r t a fo r e s a id to t h e
p o r t o f th e H a v a nn a h,

to wit, o n th e e ighth da y o f Octo be r in the y e ar

a fo re sa id, b e twe e n th e ho ur s o f n ine a n d te n in

th e m o rning, b e in g th e n to the b e st o f th e ir
udge m e nt, b e tw e e n fiv e a nd six m ile s fro m the
j
a fo re s ai d po rt o f th e Ha v a n n a h , w a s bro ugh t to

a n d c a pture d by a F re n ch ri v a te e r s c h o o ne r
p
L e nfa nt de la gra nde Re v enche, a rme d a n d c ruiz
’

in g a ga in st the pro pe rty o f the citize n s o f the

U n ite d Sta te s, c o mma n de d by c a ptain He nllis .

Tha t th e co mma n de r o f the a fo re sai d pri v a te e r

a n d h is o fli ce rs , a fte r lo o kin o v e r th e a e r s of
g p p
th e Fa i r A me r i ca n de clar e d sa id shi p a n d c a rgo
o o d pri ze , a n d to o k fro m th e shi F a ir A m e ri
g p
ca n, sa ili n a s a fo re sa id , he r o fli ce rs a n d se a me n
g ,

a ll e x ce pt y o ur Pe titio ne rs a nd A n th on F a c ht
y
ma n the co o k, w ho w e re suffe re d to re ma in on
b o a rd the sa id ship, a nd put o n bo ar d fro m the
sa id sc ho o ne r, a ri ze m e r w ith six w hite
’

p a st
 Preceden ts . 1 55

me n and two ne gre e s , a n d o rde re d he r co ur se to

be a lte re d fo r Ca pe Fra nca is .

Tha t o n the 1 6 th d a y o f Octo be r in the sa me

a r b e twe e n the h o urs o f nin e a nd te n in the
y e ,

morning, the sa id ship Fa i r A merica n be ing

th e n in la titud e 2 8 45 No rth , a n d lo n itude 80
’ ’
g
30 W e st, un de r th e c o m
’
ma n d o f the sai d F re n ch
ri ze m a ste r, se a m e n a n d n e ro e s, a n d h a v in
p g g
b e e n un d e r the ir co mma nd a nd co ntro ul up
w ard s o f fo rty e ight h o urs, y o ur pe titio ne rs the n
a n d the re b e in a n d re m aini n o n bo a r d the sa i d
g g
s hi F a ir A m er ica n a ssiste d b th f id A
p y e a o r e s a n

th o uy F a chtma u th e c o o k, di d by gre a t la b o ur
a n d e nte rpri ze a n d a t the m anife st ri sk o f the ir

li v e s, re c a pture an d ta ke fromthe hand s a n d co n

-

t ro ul o f the sa i d F re nch pri ze ma ste r, se a me n ,

a n d ne ro e s, th e s ai d shi F a ir A m i a n, a n d
g p e r c

d id al te r h e r c o urs e fo r the po rt o f Cha rle sto n

i n the sta te o f S o uth Ca ro lin a , be ing the ne are st
o rt in the Unite d St te s, w he re the sa i d shi
p a p ar

r iv e d in pe rfe ct s a fe ty o n the 2 6th da y o f O c

to b e r, in th e y e a r a fo re sa i d . By re a so n whe re
o f the sai d ship a n d c a rgo w e re sa v e d to the
o wn e rs a nd all o the rs co n ce rne d , ha ving re c e i v

e d ne v e rth e le ss co nside ra ble d a m a e in he r ri

g g
i d sa ils, &e w h il e in o sse ssio n o f the
g gn a n .
p
F re nch pri ze ma ste r a nd cre w a fo re sai d .

Yo ur pe titio ne rs furth e r sho w, that the sa id

shi p Fa ir A m e rica n a n d car o we re v alue d a n d
g
e stim a te d in the po licie s o f in sura nce e f fe cte d in
Phila d e lphia a t the time the sai d ship se t sa il fro m
t he po rt a fore said , a t the sumo f thi rty e ight tho u
s a n d d o lla r s o r the re a b o uts, a n d tha t a fte r the

s a i d ship a rriv e d a t the po rt o f Cha rle sto n a fore

1 56 P rece dents .

sa id, she w as v a lue d a n d e sti mate d with he r c ar

g o to ge th e r a t th e su m o f t hirty tho usa n d o ne

h un dre d a n d o ne dolla rs o r th e re a bo uts Tha t -

th e ca rgo o f the sa id ship a l o ne , a moun te d by

ust v a lua ti t m o th e sumo f twe nty fiv e th o usa n d
j t -

a n d fifty o ne d o lla rs or the re a b o uts ; th a t th e

-

c a r o a fo re sa id h a s be e n so ld o r dispo se d o f, so
g
tha t y o ur pe titio ne rs ca nno t n o w ta ke b e ne fit o f
r o ce ss o f o ur Ho no ura ble Cour t a a in st th e
p y g
sa me .

W he re upo n y o ur
p e titio ne rs
pra
y tha t th e

r o ce ss o f o ur Ho no ura ble C o urt m a issue

p y y
to a tta ch a n d se ize the sa i d shi F a ir A me rica n,
n o w be lo n in to Ste he n E u tilh f P hil a d l
g g p .
, o e

hi a , a nd tha t by y o ur d e finitiv e se nte n ce th e

p
sa i d shi
p m a
y b e c o n d e mne d a n d s o ld , a n d th a t

a n a d e q ua te a n d re a so n a ble re o rtio n ma b e
p p y
a ward e d to y o ur pe titi o n e r s fo r th e ir lab o ur in

the pre m i se s a s sha ll be fo und d ue to y o ur pe ti

tio n e r s by the la ws o f Un ite d S ta te s, o r by th e
la w s o f na tio n s in s uch c a se s e ste e me d a n d
use d — A n d y o ur pe titio ne rs furthe r pra y , th a t
ro c e ss o f y o ur Ho no ura ble Co urt m a lso i s
p a y
sue to ca ll in Ste ph e n E Dutilh, o wn e r o f th e
.

sa id shi F a ir A m erica n a nd a t f th
p p r o e c a r
g o

a fo re sa id , a n d Jo hn G o ur o n o f Ph il a d e l hia ,
g p
o wn e r o f the o the r
p a rt a nd th a t the
, y m a
y b e
c o n de m ne d to a u r Lib ll t h
p y y o e a n s s u c r e a s o n
a ble sa lv a e a s to
g y o ur Ho n o u r m a
y d e e m j u s t
a nd ro e r
p p .

J ING ERSOLL,
.
 THE A NSWER o r S TEPHEN DUTI LH .

To the Ho noura ble RI CHA RD PETEa s J udge of the ,

D is tr ict Cour t of the Uni ted S ta tes fo r the

, ,

D istrict of P ennsylva ni a .

THE a nswe r o f S tephe n D utilh, o f the city o f

Phi la d e lphia me rcha n t, to the Libe l o f J ohn
,

Chri stia n B rew e r a n d J ohn S chier, mo st re spe ct

fully sh o we th
THA T this re spo n de nt sa v in g to himse lf a ll a n d
all m an ne r o f a d v a nta e to the m a nife st nuo e r
g
ta intie s an d in sufli ce n cie s in the Li be ll a n ts sai d
Libe l c o nta ine d, fo r a n swe r the re to , o r so much
th e re o f a s is ma te rial a n d n e ce ssa ry to be a h
sw e r e d , a n s w e rs a n d sa s, th a t w e ll a n d true it
y
i s, the ship F a ir A me rica n in sa id Libe l me ntio n
e d , d id sail fro m the o r t o f Phila d e l hia o n th e
p p
2 2 d o f S e pte mb e r 1 79 8, o n a v oy a ge to the Ha
v a n na h, a n d tha t the sa id shi w a s v al ue d a n d
p
e stim a te d a t the sum o f nine tho usa nd do lla rs in

the po li cy — an d the car o this Re s o n de nt ha d

g p
o n b o a rd , a m o un te d r i n v o ic e , to e le v e n th o u
p e

sa nd fi v e h un dr e d a n d se v e n t o n e d o lla r s a n d
y
fo rty fi v e ce nts, in c luding the pre mi um o n e le
-

v e n th o u sa nd d o lla rs in sure d o n sa id o o d s mthe

g
Offic e o f the In sura nce C o mpa ny Sta te o f Pe nn
s lv a ni a ; tha t i s to s a , w h e n he a fte r wa rd s a r
y y
riv e d a t C har le sto n— A n d tha t the sa id shi d i d
p
ut i n to Cha rle s to n a fte r sa ilin f ro m Phil a d e l
p g
h i a a s a fo re sa id , a n d th a t th e Sai d ca r o w a s
p g
the n a nd the re so ld a n d dis o se d o f ; but w he
p
the r the sai d s hip w a s ta ke n by a F re n ch priv a
te e r, a nd whe the r the sa id shi w a s re ta ke n b
p y
1 58 P recede nts .

th e sa id Libella nts a nd th e s a id A ntho ny F a cht

ma n a nd in wha t ma nne r a nd und e r w h a t cir
,

c um sta nc e s thi s Re s o nd e n t d o e s n o t o f hi s o w n
p
,

kno wle dge kno w a n d c a nno t se t fo rth ; a n d h im

,

se lf pra s th a t the sa m e ma y be v e rifie d by the

y .

sa id Libe lla nts — A nd this Re spo n de nt furthe r

sa y s , th a t a fte r the s a id ship a rriv e d a s a fo re s a i d
a t C ha rle sto n a fo re sa id , u o n a n e x e cta tio n o f
p p
a re wa rd ma d e b th e s a i d Libe lla nts, fo r h a v
y
ing re c a pture d the sa me ship in ma nn e r sta te d
-

by the m in the Li be l a fore sa id , a n d wh i ch this

Re spo n de nt co mmunic ate d to the In sura nce Co m
an o f the S ta te o f Pe n ns lv a m w ho h ad
p y y a

in sure d the sa id ship a nd the go o d s o n b o a rd

b e lo nging to thi s Re spo nde nt— A n d the sai d In
s ura n ce Co mpa ny re que ste d thi s Re spo nde nt to
a to th e s a id Libe lla n ts a n d th e sa id A n tho n
p y y
F a ch tma n th e sumo f o n e tho usa n d d o lla rs, wh ich
this Re spo n de nt d e sire d his C o rre spo n d e nts
Me ssrs Ro be rt Ha zle hurst C o o f Cha rle s
'

. .

to n to d o a n d o f w hic h re que st the Re s o n

,
p
d e n subjo s h ir le tte r v iz
t i n t e — .

I n s ur a n ce Ofi f
ce o th e S ta te o f P e n n s y lv a n i a .

J un e 3d, 1 79 9 ,
Ma . S DUTI LH,
.

S ir,

The Dir e cto rs o f the In sura n ce Co mpa ny

of Sta te o f Pe nnsy lv a nia h a ving ta ke n in
the
to co nsid e ratio n the spirite d c o nd uct o f Ca p
ta in J C Bre v o o r a nd tw o o f his m
. . e n, in re ,

ta king th e ship F a ir A me rica n, a n d c o n d uc tin

g
h e r safe into Cha rle sto n, ha v e a gre e d to th e
fo llo wing re so lutio n
 P receden ts . 1 59

R esolv ed, Tha t a gra tuity o f o ne tho usa nd

do llars be ma de to C a pta in J C Bre v o o r a n d
,

. .

the tw o o the r pe rso n s who a ssi ste d him in re

ta king the ship F a ir A mer ica n , a n d tha t the
sa m e be a id in the fo llo w in ti
p gp pro o r o n

To Ca pta in Bre v o or, six h un dre d d o llars, a n d

two h un dre d dollars to e a c h o f the o the r e r
p
so n s — I a mto re que st the fa v o r o f y o u to ha v e
thi s mo ne y pa id a re e a ble to the a bo v e re so lu
g
tio n w hich will be a ll o w e d to y o u in the se ttle
.

me nt o f the in sura n ce o n the ship Fa i r A mer i

ca n a n d c a r o I a m, fo r the In sura nce C o r
g .
n
an
p y o f th e S ta te o f Pe nn s lv a ni a ,
y
Yo ur o b e d ie nt h umble
, se rv a n t,

J A MES S Co x , P r es ident
. .

A nd this re s fu rthe r sa s, th a t sin c e

o n de n t
p y
the arr iv a l o f the sa i d ship a t C ha rle sto n a s a
fo re sai d , the sa id S te phe n Dutilh, the n pro prie
to r the re o f, did a b a n do n h e r, a n d a lso thi s Re
’
s po n d e nt s pro po rtio n o f the ca r o o n b o a r d , to
g
th e In sura n c e C o mpa ny a fo re sa id , a n d the pro
e rt the re by be ca me v e ste d in th e s a i d In sur
p y
a n ce Co m a n , a n d th e sa i d In sura n c e Co m p ya n
p y
di d a fte r wa rd s se ll th e sa me ship to the sai d
Ste phe n Dutilh fo r the sum o f fiv e th o usa n d
a n d fifty d o lla r s ; a n d furthe r this Re spo n de nt by

d esire a n d re que st o f the sa id In s ura n ce Co m

an s o ld fo r th e ir ac c o unt a n d ris que to Le wi s
p y
C lapie r o f this city me rc ha nt, the so un d flo ur
o n bo a rd sa id v e sse l a t se v e n d o lla rs e r ba rre l,
, p
a n d th e s ai d Le wi s Cla ie r re ce iv e d in Charle s
p
to n nine hun dre d a n d e ighty fiv e ba rre ls fo r w hich
-

h e paid to this Re spond e nt fo r a cco unt o f the sa i d

1 60 P recedents .

In sura nce Co mpa ny o f the Sta te o f Pe nnsy lv a

ni a , t he sumo f $ 6 895
a n d furth e r, a t the r e que st, a nd d e sir e o f

th e sa id I n sura n ce C o m p a ny , thi s Re

s o nde n t, o rde re d the re m a in de r o f the

p
flo ur a n d th e b o a rds to be so ld by Re
be rt Ha zle hurst Co fo r a c co unt o f
.

sa id I n sura nce Co m an
p y C o fo r a c
.

c o unt o f the sa i d Insura nce Co m a

p y n ,

whi ch the y did a nd ra te d a s pe r sa le s

fro m which sum re ma in s to b e d e duct

e d the fre i ht o n sa i d fl o ur a n d b oa r d s
g
the sumo f 3075

$39 7 6
a nd sin ce , th e sai d ship w as so purch a se d by hi m

th e sai d Ste phe n Dutilh , a nd she ha th saile d o n

a n o the r v oy a ge to wit, fro m C ha rle ston a for e

sa id to Ha m b urgh, a n d she ha th sin ce re turne d

fro m Ha mb urgh , to Phila de lphia , a n d until h e r
a rriva l a t Phila de lphia , no pro ce e di ngs wha te v e r

ha v e be e n institute d by the sa id Libe lla nts, o r

e ithe r o f the m a ga in st the sa id s hip o r ca rgo o r

a ny pa rt th e re o f, fo r o r o n a cco unt o f a n
y cla i m
o r pre te nd e d clai mo f Sal v a e
g .

W he re fo re thisRe spo nde nt humbly pra y s,

tha t the Libe l o f th e sa i d Jo hn Christia n Br e
v o o r a n d Jo hn Schie r, so far a s it re a rd s th e
g
said ship a nd this Re s ond e nt m b dism is se d ,
p a
y e
an d the sa id ship be re sto re d to the sai d S te =

h n D utilh , with co sts, &c doc

p e . .

Proctor f
or STEPHEN DUTI LH .
 P recede nts . 1 61

A NsWEn o r JO HN G OUBJ ON &c , .

To the Hono ura ble Richa rd Peters Es q &c , . .

The a n s we r
f Joo hn G o u
rj o n o
f the C i ty o
f
Phila delphia , respec (fully sho weth :

THA T this Re spo n de nt sa v in g a nd re se rvi n to

g
h l mse lf a ll a nd a ll ma n n e r o f a d v a nta e o f e x
g
c e tio n s to th e im e rfe c ti o n s a n d in suffic ie ncie s
p p
i n the Lib e lla n ts sa i d Lib e l c o nta in e d fo r a n sw e r ,

t h e re to , o r so muc h the re o f a s is ma te ria l a n d

n e c e ss ar
y to b e a n s w e re d ,
a n s w e rs a n d s a
y s
Tha t r ule it is the ship Fa ir A er ica n in the m
s ai d Lib e l me n tio ne d,
w he n s he f
s a ile d
r o m P h i
la d e lphia o n he r v o y a e to the Ha v a nna , to w it :
g
o n the 2 2 d d a
y o f S e
p te m b e r 1 79 8, ha d o n bo a rd

g o o d s b e lo n in
g g to th i s R e s
p o n d e n t a m o u n tin
g
to t we lv e tho usa nd nine h un d re d a n d se v e nt
y
th r e e d o lla r s ; b ut w he the r the sa id shi w as
p
ta k e n by a F re n c h riv a te e r a n d w he the r sh e
p
w a s re ta ke n by th e Libe lla n ts a n d by the sa id
A n tho ny F a chtma n, in w h a t ma nn e r a nd un ,

d e r w ha t circ umsta nc e s, thi s Re spo n de nt do e s

no t o f h l s o wn kno wle dge kno w .

A n d th is Re spo n d e nt a dmits th a t the sa id ship

di d put in to C h a rle sto n a fte r sa iling fro m Phila
de lphia , a nd he a d mits tha t pa rt o f the sa i d
o o d s w a s d e liv e re d b c a ta in Br e v o o r o ne o f
g y p
the Libe llan ts to a n a ge nt wh o m he h imse lf e m
lo e d to d o the b usine ss o f the ship, a n d to
p y
se ll a n d dis o se o f the ca r o fo r a c co unt o f the
p g
c o nc e rn e d , b ut he d e nie s th a t the wh o le o f sa id

g o o d s w a s th e n a nd the re d e liv e re d by th e L i
W
1 62 P recede n ts .

be lla nts, o r so ld o r dispo se d o f a s the y h a v e sta

te d in the ir Libe l fo r this Re spo n d e nt — b ut he
c h a r
ge s th a t a
p a r t o f hi s s a id g oo d s ,
to th e a

mo un t o f two tho usa nd th re e h undre d a nd n ine

te e n do ll a rs in v o ic e co s t, w a s e mbe zzle d o r o th e r
w ise lo st since th e a lle dge d re c a pture by th e d e
fa ult o f the Libe lla n ts o r o ne o f the m o r o n e o f
th e c re w o f the Fa i r A m er ican , wh o a s si ste d , a s

is a lle dge d, in the re c a pture a n d th e r e sid ue

the re o f, which w a s sold a nd dispo se d o f by the

a e nt so e m l
p yo e d by c a ta in Bre v o o r a s a fo re
p
g
s a id, pro d uce d o nly a s umo f six th o usa n d fo ur

h un dre d a n d e le v e n d o lla r s nin e ty two a n d a n

h al f c e n ts, a fte r d e d uc ti ng the cha rge s .

A n d this Re spo n d e nt further sa ith, tha t pre v i

o us to i nstituting the pre se n t Libe l, th e un d e r

write r s who h a d e nsure d the sai d goo ds, dir e cte d

a sum o f five pe r c e nt o n the ir re spe ctiv e s ub

s c ri tio n s to be pa i d to the sa id Lib e lla nts, be

p
sid e s a i ec e o f la te fo r ca t i n Bre v o o r, a
p p pa
mo unting in the w h o le to nine hun dre d a n d thr e e
d o llar s, a nd fifty fiv e ce n ts, fo r h a ving re ca ptur
-

e d th e Fa i r A m e ri ca n in m a nne r sta te d b t h m
y e
in t h e Libe l a fo re sai d , wh ic h c o mpe nta tio n w a s
a cc o rdingly o ffe re d th e sa id ca tai n Bre v o o r in
p
b e h al f o f himse lf a n d th e Libe lla nts, pre vi o us to
e x hi biting the ir re s e nt bill , a nd w h ich th e un
p
d e rwrite rs a fo re sai d ha v e a lwa y s b e e n a n d still
a re re a d t o to the s a id Li b e lla nts
y p y
a .

A nd thi s re spe nd ent furthe r sa ith, tha t o n th e

six te e nth d a o f No v e m b 1 79 8 h d i d b
y e r , e a a n
d o n his po rtio n o f the ca rgo o n bo ard to the un
d e r write rs, a n d the prope rty the re b Be ca me
y
v e ste d in th e m a nd w a s a ctua ll l d b th i
y so y e r
 Pr ecedents . 1 63

dire ctions a nd for the ir ac co unt, in co n se que n ce

w h e re o f the y pa i d him the s umo f fifte e n tho us
a nd and twe nty two d o lla rs a n d six ty fiv e ce nts ,

be ing the full a mo unt o f the ir sub scriptio n s a f .

te r d e d uctin g the cha rge s &e , .

A nd this Re spo nd e nt furthe r saith tha t the sa id

o o d s, so fa r a s the sa m e w e re o r m igh t h a ve
g
be e n de live re d to the age nt so e mplo y ed at
C h a rle ston we re the n sold a nd dispo sed o f with
the a sse nt o f ca pta in Bre v o o r , a n d tha t no pro
ce e din s wh a te v e r w e re the n insti tute d b t h
g y e

sa i d Libe lla nts, o r e ithe r o f the m a ga ins t the

sa me , fo r o n ac co unt o f a ny c lai m
o f sal v a e
g .

A n d a s to the re sid ue o f the sai d Libe l pra y

in g pro ce ss to a tta ch the pe rs o n o f this Re spo n
de nt in o rde r tha t he ma y b e co mpe lle d to pa y
th e sa lv a ge cla ime d by the sai d Lib e llan ts, this
Re spo nd e nt sa ith that th is Hono ura ble C o urt
o ught not to h a v e co gniza nce o f the sa id ple a

a s a ffe c ting the pe rso n o f this Re spon de nt, be

ca use this Hono ura ble C o urt hath not i

j u r s d i c
tio n the re o f, a nd this he is pre pare d to
A nd the re fo re he pra y s that th is Ho no ura ble
Cou rt will not furthe r pro ce e d with re spe ct to
the re sid ue o f the sai d Libe l, pra y ing pro ce ss to
a tta c h the b o d y o f th i s Re s o n dent— ra s tha t
p p y
the b ill o f the Libe lla nts so far as it re ga rd hi m
ma y be dismisse d Wi th co sts, &c .

J . G OURJ ON .

MOYLA N P rocto r fo r Respondent

, .

1 8th July 1 800

, .
164 P recede nts .

PR OTE ST TO EVI DENCE

THE re spo n de nt Ste phe n D utilh , ,

o b e cts
j to th e
co mmissio n i s s ue d o ut o f C o urt
thi s Ho n o ura ble
d ire cte d to Wm H . E
!ye a n d th e. d e o siti o n s
p
o f F C M ta ke n by the sa id Co mmis sio n e r s an d
. .

r e tur ne d to this Co urt be in re a d in e vi d e n c e so

g ,

fa r a s a ffe cts the right a n d inte re st o f th e sa i d

Ste phe n D utilh a n d is sue jo in e d be tw e e n th e
,
.

sai d J .B a nd J S a n d the sa id S D a n d d o th
. . . . .

ro te st a ai nst th e sa m e be in re a d in e vi d e n c e
p g g
so fa r a s it ma y in a n w a a ffe c t him in the d e
y y
fe nce he ha th ma de a nd the ri ght a n d inte re st h e
,

h a th in the ma tte r in co ntro v e rsy .

M RA W LE, .

o r S DUTI LH, Re s o n de n t
f
’

p . .

The a b o v e o b e ctio n
j h a v in
g b e e n of fe re d to

th e Co urt, a n d a mo tio n h a v ing be e n ma d e fo r

le a v e to e nte r the sa me o n th e min ute s o f th e
C o urt, a n d hi s Ho n o ur the Jud ge ha v in g re fu se d
e rm i s sio n to e n te r the sa m th d t f
p e ,
e a v o c a e s o r
the sa id Ste phe n Dutilh, Re s o n de n t d o ro t e st
p p ,

a a in st the co n d uct o f the sai d Jud e in thi s

g g p ar
tic ular .

LEW I S A dv o ca tes for

RA W LE S DUTI LH Responden t . .

2 9th July ,
1 800 .
 THE REPLI CA TI ON

Tb the Honoura ble RI CHA RD PE TERS, E sq .

d ye .

Th e Re plica tion o f Jo hn Bre v o o r ma ste r

, ; a nd

J o hn S chie r , se a m a n , Libe ll a nts a gain st th e shi

,
p
F a i r A mer ica n, to the se pa ra te a n swe r o f Ste
h e n H D utilh a n d Jo hn G u l j o n, Re s o n
p . o
p
d ents, humbly she we th
THA T y o ur Lib e lla n ts sa v ing a n d re se rvin g to
,

th e mse lv e s a ll a n d a ll ma nne r o f a d v a nta ge a n d

e x c e pti o n s, to the m an i fe st im e rfe ctio n s a n d
p
i n sufficie n cie s in the sai d Re spo n d e nts se para te
’

a n swe rs co nta i ne d , fo r a n sw e r the re to , o r s o

much the re o f a s it is ma te ria l a n d ne ce ssa ry fo r

th e m to ma ke a nswe r, the y a n swe r a n d sa y :
Th a t in a smuch a s y o ur Li be lla nts are cal le d up
o n to c e rtify , tha t the shi F a ir A m e r i ca n w a s
p
c a ture d a n d ta ke n by a F r e n ch Priv a te e r a n d
p ,

re ca ture d by the Li be lla nts w ith the a ssi sta n ce

p
-

o f A n th o ny F a c h tm a n , the c o o k, a n d in m a nn e r

a n d fo rm d i m f ll f m
'

, a n i t s o re u y se t o r th , a n d a d e

k n o wn in th e Libe l o f y o ur sa id Li be lla n ts the y

a v e r th a t the ro o fs o n w hic h th e y re l t
p y o c o n ~

fir m a n d v e rify th e sai d c a pture a nd re c a pture -

a r e he re in C o urt re a dy to be pro d uce d . A nd

u Li be lla nts furthe r a n s we rin , sa y , tha t w e ll
y o g
a n d true it i s, a s s e t fo rth in the se pa ra te a n s w e r

o f the Re spo n de n t, Ste ph e n Dutilh, tha t the

s a id Re s o n de n t did d e si re his co rre s o n d e nts,
p p
Me ssrs R Ha zle hurst
. . C o o f Cha rle sto n to
.

a y &c whi ch sa id sum o ur Li be lla n ts a ckn o w

0

p ,
.
y
le dge to ha v e re ce iv e d, 850 but y o ur Libe lla n ts
.

af firmtha t the sai d sum wa s no t paid the m, un

1 66 Precedents .

til the m o m e n t w h e n th e y w e re d m u t e nt e r in
g on

a v o y ga e w,
hi c h p r e v e n te d t h e m fr o m t a ki n
g
a ny le g a l s t e
p s a t t ha t tim e ,to te stify th e i r ( li s

sa t is f a c ti o n a t th e sm a l ln e s s a n d in s u ffi cie n c
y o f
the co m p e n sa ti o n m a d e ; a n d fu rt h e r y o u r L i
b e ll a n t s a ffi rm , th a t th e y h a v e a lw a y s b e e n di s

sa tisfie d w ith the afore sa id sum co nside re d a s a ,

re w a rd fo r th e ir la bo ur, ri sk a nd tro ub le , in t e

ta king th e ship Fa ir A merica n fro mthe ha nds o f

th e e ne my a nd re sto ring her with her cargo to

A nd y o ur Libe lla nts furth e r a nswe ring (reply

i ng ) say , tha t we ll a n d tr ue it is, a s se t fo rth, &c .

th a t the u nd e rwrite rs, 85 0 did dir e ct a sumo f

.

five pe r c e n t, &c b ut whic h the y refuse d a nd still

-
.

do re fuse to ac ce pt ; d ee ming the sa me a co m

e n sa ti o n al to ge the r in a d e qua te an d ins uffi cie nt
p
to in de m n if
yy o ur L i be lla nts for th e i r la bo ur, ris k
a nd tr o uble a s afo re s a i d .

A nd y o ur Libella nts furthe r a ns we rin g ( reply

i ng) sa y , tha t we ll a n d tr ue it is, th at no pro ce e d
ings, di e b ut y o ur Libe lla nts de ny tha t th e y ha ve
.

e v e r re no unce d o r a ba n do ne d the i r just title to

‘

s al va e , by re a so n o f a ny s uch d e lay , a nd this

g
the y a re pre pare d to v e rify .

A nd yo ur Libe lla nts fur the r a n s we ri ng ( rey g

ing) sa y , th a t fo r a s much a s in the se pa ra te nu
s we r o f the Re spo nd e nts , John G o q o n, the y

a re cha rge d with ha ving e m be zzle d , 850 y o ur .

Li be lla nts de ny tha t the y h a v e , 85 0 .

W HEREEC RE y o ur Libe lla nts, a sserting and

mai nta ining tha t the se ve ral fa cts an d thi ngs a i
le ge d a n d se t fo rth in the ir a fo re sa id Libe l a re
true a nd sufficie nt to gro un d the ir title to the
 P receden ts . 1 67

sa lv a
ge i
a nd
n d e m nity th e re in so ug h t h u mb ly
-

r a y th a t the ir c lai min this re s e c t m h

p p a
y e s u s
ta i n e d , a nd tha t the y ma y be allo we d suc h re a so n
a b le sal v a e a s to
g y o ur H o n o ur m a
y se e m j u st .

a nd
p pr o er .

I NG ERS OLL, Proctors fo r

A D A MS , Libella nts .

2 3d July , 1 800 .

Bo r ro MRY .

To THE HC NCURA RLE , &c .

The Libe l o f G e o rge Ba rcla y , of the cit

y of
Lo n d o n me rc h a nt Jo hn Dru
, , of the sa me
lac e , B a nke r, a nd Jo hn Ma n l s o f W a i i
p g pp g n n
the co unty o f Mid dle se x , a n d Kingd o f Gr e a t
'

Bri ta in , me rcha nt a ga inst the ship Lav inia , he r

fre i ght, tac kle a nd a ppa re l, aga in st W illia m Vi
ca t
'

y, no w o r la t e m a s te r o f th e sa i d ship, a n d a

i n st Pe te r Bli ht no w or la te o wn e r the re o f
g a g ,

an d G e o rge Blight, Th o ma s M urga tro y d a nd

a

W illia mCo le , a ssigne e s o f the s ai d Pe te r Blight,

re s e c tfull sh o we th :
p y
THA T y o ur Libe lla nts did o n the 2 1 s t d a y o f
Ma y A D 1 800, le nd o n Botto mry o n the ship
. .

La v inia , he r fre ight, t a ckle a nd a ppare l to the

sai d W illia m Vica r th e s um o f o ne tho us a n d
-

y
fo ur h und re d a nd tw e nty po und s tw o shillin gs
and six
p e nce ste rlin
g m o ne
y o f G rea t Brita in,
the sai d shl L a vi ni a whe r e o f the sai d W illiam
p
Vic a ry w a s the n ma ste r, the n lying a nd be ing
 168 Precede nts .

a t the L
o rt o fon d o n b e in fo re i n po rt, a n d
p g,a g
n o ne o f th e o w n e rs o f the sa m e ship be ing a t or

ne a r the sai d po rt, the said ca pta in b e ing o th e r

wise una ble to pr o cure th e n e ce s ssary mo ni e s to

re fit a n d v i c tua l his s a id ship a nd c o m, p le a t his

inte n de d v o y a ge fo r w hich sumo f o ne th o usa nd

,

fo ur hun dre d a n d tw e n ty po un d s tw o shillin gs

and six -

p e n ce , th e s a id W illia mVica ry d id on

th e s ai d l t d a y o f Ma y 1 800, by a d ue a n d
la w ful In str ume nt o f Bo tto mry a n d Hy po the c a
tio n be a ring d a te the sa me d a y a n d y e a r, a co py
w he re o f is he re to a nn e x e d to w hi ch y o ur Libe l
la nts pra y le a v e to re fe r a s pa rt o f this Libe l,
/H yp o th e c a te the sa i d shi
p th e La v ini a with h e r
,

fre ight, ta ckle , a nd a ppa re l to y o ur Libe lla n ts fo r

the pa y me n t o f the sumo f o n e th o usand se v e n
hundre d a nd six te e n po un d s a n d fiv e shilli ngs
ste rlin g m o ne y , b e in the s a m e sum with in te re s t
g ,

within se v e nte e n d a y s a fte r the a rriv a l o f the

sa me ship a t the o rt o f Phila d e l hi a — A d
p p n

o ur Lib e llan ts d o a v e r th a t the sai d shi th L

y p e a

vi n ia di d a rri v e a t the sa id rt o f Phila d e l hia

p o
p ,

the 1 8th d ay o f July la st pa st, w he re she s till

lie s a nd the sa id te rm o f se v e nte e n d a y s h a th
,

fully e x pire d , y e t the sa id sumo f o ne tho usa nd

se v e n hun d re d a nd six te e n po und s fiv e shi llin s
g
re mai n s w h o lly un a id
p .

W h e re fo re y o ur Libe llants pra y the pro ce ss o f

thi s Ho n o ura ble C o urt, to a tta ch the sa id ship
the La v in ia , h e r fre ight, ta ckle a nd a p are l a n d
p
to cite a n d a dmo nish, the sai d W illi a m Vic ary ,
Pe te r Blight, Ge o rge Bli ght, Tho ma s Murga
troy d a n d W illia mCo le , a n d all o the rs co n ce rn
e d to sho w c a use , if a n th h wh th i d
y e
y a v e , y e s a
 Precede nts . 1 69

v e sse l with he r ta ckle and a are l sho uld no t be

“

pp
so ld a nd the sai d fre ight pai d to y o ur Libe llants to
s a tisfy the ir de m a nd a fo re sa i d .

W RA W LE .
,

Proctor fo r the Libella nts .

Hr r o rn s cs mo n
' '
.

To the Honourable 8m
: ,

THE joint a nd se v e ra l a nsw e rs o f ‘

Vm Vica
.

r
y, la te ma ste r of the hip La v inia , Pe te r Blight,
s

th e la te o w ne r th e re o f, a n d G e o r e Bli h t, Tho
g g
ma s Murga tro y d a n d W m Co le a ssigne e s o f the
.

s a i d Pe te r Bli h t Re spo n d e nts to th e Libe l o f G e o

g .

B a rcla o f th e city o f Lo ndo n, M e rch a nt, Joh n

y
D r ury o f the sa me pla ce , Ba n ke r, a n d Jo hn Ma n
l e s o f W a ppin g in the C o unty o f Mid dle se x ,
g
a n d Kin do mo f Gre a t Brita in, Me rcha nt, Libe l
g
la n ts .

The sa id re spo nde nts n o w , a n d a t a ll time s he re

a fte r, sa v i ng a n d re se rv ing to th e m se lv e s, a ll a n d

a ll m a nn e r o f be ne fit a n d a dv a nta ge o f e x c e ptio n

to the man ifo ld in ce rta in ti e s a n d impe rfe ctio n s in

th e sa id Libe l o f the Libe lla nts c o ntai ne d, fo r a n
sw e r th e re unto o r un to so m uch the re o f a s m a te

r i a lly c o n c e r n s th e m ,
to m ak e a n s w e r u n t o , a n

w d a — th a t th e s a id s h ip L a v in ia in t h e
s e r a n s y ,

sa di L ib e l m e n tio n e d ,
w as as sig n e d a n d tr a n s fe r

re d by t h e sa i d P e t e r B lig h t to Z B R
. e.a d , (in

who se n a me she is d uly re gi ste re d) on the 2 0th of

1 70 Precedents .

De ce mbe r 1 799 , a nd fre ight a nd a llo wa n ce s a

fore sa id , whe n re ce iv e d fro mthe Li be lla nts a nd ,

no t with a Vie w to le d e o r Hy po the ca te the

p g
sa i d shi f o r th e pa y m e nt the re o f, the Libe lla n ts
p
w e ll kno wing the pre mise s but r e ga rdle ss o f th e ir
,

a re e m e nt m a d e a nd e nte re d into a s a fo re sa i d,
g
re fuse d to pay to the sa i d W illia m Vi c a ry the

a mo un t o f the sa id fre i ht a nd a llo wa n ce s, o r a n

g y
p a r t t he re o f, by r e as o n o f w hi c h re f u sa l,
t h e sa i d
W illia mVica ry be ca me una ble to pa y o r sa tisfy
the se ve ra l pe rso ns fro m w h o m he ha d o bta ine d
cre dit a s a fo re sa id , fo r the use o f sa id shi a nd
p ,

w a s a ppre he n siv e th a t such cre d ito rs wo uld in sti

tute s uits a ga in st him pe rso na lly , a s w e ll a s a t
ta chm e nts a a in st the sa id shi
g p L a v inia , in

to re co v e r the sums re spe c tiv e ly d ue the m A n d .

the sa id Re spo nde nts furth e r an s we ring, sa y th a t ,

the sa id Libe lla n ts ta king a dv a nta ge o f the e m

b a rra ssme nt, w hich the sa id W illia m Vi c a ry was
th us in v o lv e d i n co n se que nc e o f the ir re fusal to
,

to pe rfo rm th e a gre e me nt by the me nte re d into

a s a fo re sa id , a n d d e si nin
g g t o c o m p e l t h e s a i d
Pe te r Bligh t o r his a ssign e e s to pa y to the s a id Li
bella n ts a furth e r sum o ve r a nd a bo v e the pro
ce e d s o f the sa id ca r o , und e r co lo ur o f a n H
g yp o
th e c a tio n o f th e sa id shi La v inia , o ffe re d to s u
p p
l th e s a i d Willi a m Vic a r w i th a m f m
py y s u o o
n e y e qua l in a m o unt to the de b ts c o n tra cte d a s

a fo re sai d for the ex e n ses , r e a i r s a n d v ictua llin

p p g
o f the s ai d ship La v inia , ro v id e d he w o uld e x
p
co ute the In strum e nts o f Bo tto m ry a n d H th e
yp o
ca tio n , be arin d a te the l
g t M a
y 1 8 0 0 ,
i n t h e
sa id Libe l o f the Li be lla n ts m e n ti o ne d . Th a t
th e sai d Willia m Vica r b i d t it u t f ll
y e n
g e s e o a
 Precedents . 17 1

p e cunia ry me ans in con se que nce o f the v io la tio n

a s a fo re sa id , o n the pa rt o f the Libe lla nts o f the ir

s a i d a re e m e nts wa s co m e lle d to a cce t the sa id
g p p
o ffe r, but re vi o usly to the a c ce ta n ce th e re o f
p p
( t o W i t,
o n th e 1 7t h o f M a
y h e m a d e a n d
e n te re d his Pro te st in d ue fo rm b e fo re a N ta r
, o
y
P ublic, a co py whe re o f is he re unto a nne x e d mar
k e d C, a n d to which the sa i d Re spo n d e nts cra v e
'

l e a ve to re fe r a s a pa rt o f thi s the ir a n s we r A nd —
th e sa id Re spo nde nts furthe r a n s we rin say tha t
g ,

tr ue it is, th a t the s a id W illia m Vi ca ry d id un ,

d e r the circ umsta nce s be fo re s ta te d , r e c e iv e

fr o mthe Libe lla nts th e s umo f o ne tho usa n d fo ur
h undre d po und s , thirte e n shillings a nd two pe n ce
ste rling mo ne y , e qua l in amo unt to the d e bts a nd
d i s burse me n ts spe c ifie d in the co pie s o f the a o
c o unts D an d E h e re unto a n ne x e d , to which the

s a i d Re s o n de nts cra v e le a v e to re fe r a s a rt f
p p a o

thi s the ir a n sw e r ; a n d a l so the re upo n e x e cute d the

s a i d In str um e n t o f Bo tto mry a nd H o the c a ti
yp
o ,n b e a rin
g d a te th e 2 1 s t o f M a
y 1 800 ,
fo r o ne
th o usa n d se v e n hund r e d a n d six te e n po un d s
fiv e s hillin gs ste rling, w he re o f a c o py is a nn e x e d
to th e sai d Libe l o f the Libe lla n ts B ut the se
'

Re spo n d e nts a v e r, tha t the sai d In strume nt o f

B o tto mry a n d Hy po th e ca tio n wa s e x e c ute d a f
te r the Libe lla nts ha d re fus e d to pe rfo rm the
sa id a gre e m e n t, a n d m e re ly o n a cco unt o f the

em b arra s s m e nt an d n e ce ssity a risin

g fro m s uc h

re fusa l a n d un de r the a ppre he n sio n w hi c h the

,

sa i d W illia mVic a ry fe lt o f be ing a rre s te d unle s s

be co mplie d with the re quisitio n o f the sa id Ii

be lla nts .A nd the sa id Re spo n de nts furthe r ah
-

s we rin , s a , th a t b e side pro te s ting a s a fo re sa id ,

g y
1 72 Precede nts .

o n th e sa id 17th Ma y 1 800, a ga inst the n e ce ssity

fo r g ra n t in g s u c h B o t to m r
y a n d H yp o t h e c a ti o n ,

whic h n e c e s s ity w as
p r o d u c e d a s a f o r e s a i d b y
th e r e fu s a l o f t h e s a i d L i b e lla n t s t o p e r fo r m
th e i r s a i d a g r e e m e n t , t h e sa i d W ill ia m V i c a r y ,

c a use d i t e x p re s sl y t o b e r e c it e d i n th e sa i d I n

str u m e n t o f B o tt o m r
y a n d H yp o th e c a t io n a s a n

in d u c e m e n t to t h e
g ra n t in
g th e r e o f,
t h a t h e h a d
d e li v e r e d a ll th e sa i d c a r
g o o f t h e L a v in i a , to

t h e L i b e lla n ts a s a s s ig n e e s o f th e s a i d H e n r y
m
,

H F e ntha , wi tho ut be i ng a ble to re co v e r a ny

.

a rt o f the pro ce e d s o f the sa id ca rgo , o r a ny

p
f g
r e i h t f o r t h e sa m e ; a n d fu r t h e r o b t a i n e d f r o m
S W W a de rso n, the a ge nt a nd A tto rne y o f the
.

sa i d Lib e lla nts , o n the ir be ha lf, a d e cla ra tio n

a n d a gre e m e nt in w ritin , th a t i n c as e the sum o f

g
six te e n po un d s, te n shil lings ste rli ng, b e pa id to

the sa id Li be lla n ts in Lo n do n , a t a ny time wi th

in the spa ce o f six mo nths, fro mth e da te o f s uch
la st me ntio ne d de cla ra tion a n d a gre e me nt, the y
will a c c e pt the sa me in lie u a nd full sa ti sfa cti on ,
o f the w ho le o f th e s a id s up o se d Bo tto m d b t
p r
y e

a s will fully a ppe ar by the sai d la s t m e n tio n e d

de cla ra tio n a nd a gree me nt, be a r m g d a te the 2 1 st

o f Ma y 1 800 a co py where o f ma rke d F is

—
he re lmto anne x e d a nd to which the sa id Re spo n
d e n ts cra v e le a v e to re fe r a s a pa rt o f this the ir an
s we r . A n d the Re spo n de nts furthe r an swe ring,
sa y a nd a ve r, tha t the m o ne
y so i d b th L i
p a y e

be lla n ts to the sai d Willia m Vica ry , a n d o n the

re ce ipt whe re of, un d e r the ne ce ssit a nd a re
y pp v

h e n sio n a fo re sa id , the sai d in strume nt o f Bo tto m

ry a n d Hy o the ca tio n w a s e x e cute d a s a fo re sai d ,
o

p
wa s no t the pro per mo ney o f the sai d Li be lla nts, .
 P rece dents . 173

b ut tha t th e sa me w a s pa rt o f the pro ce e d s o f

the sa i d cargo o f the sa id ship La v inia , w hich
ca m e to the sa id Libe lla nts, a s a ssi ne e s o f th e
g
s a i d H H F e nth a ma fte r th e d e liv e r o f the sa i d
. .
y
c a r o to th e mby the sa i d Willi a m Vicar , u o n
g y p
th e a gre e me n t a n d co nditio n a fo re sa id, a n d which
mo ne y the sa id Li be lla nts we re b o un d to pa y to
th e sa id W illia m Vic a ry o ut o f the pro ce e ds o f
the sa id cargo fo r th e use s o f the sa id shi La vinia
p
a s a fo re s a id W ith o ut a n y Bo tto m r H o th e c a tio n
y , yp
o r se c urity w h a tso e v e r . A n d th e sa i d Re spo n
d e n ts furth e r a v e r , tha t the said Lib e lla n ts did
n o t, w ith th e pro ce e d s, o r a ny pa rt o f th e pro
.

c e e d s o f th e sa id c a rgo , pa y to the o wn e r o f th e

sa i d s hip L a v i nia , or to the s a i d W illi a m Vi ca ry ,

'

o r to a n y o th e r e rso n fo r th e sa id o w n e r, the
p
fre ight, co mmissi on , e x pe n ce s o fita king a nd
,

ke e pin g po sse ssio n a n d d e liv e ry o f the sa id ca r

o d utie s a nd a ll o th e r c harge s a n d e x pe n se s re
g ,

la ting to the sa id c a rgo , o the rwise tha n is a b o ve

se t fo rth be fo re the y a p lie d such ro ce e d s in o r
p p
to w a rd s s a ti sfactio n o f bil ls o r o the r d e bts a n d
e nga ge m e nts a cce pte d , c o n tr a c te d o r ma de b v

the sa i d H H F e nth a m, o n a cc o unt o f the sai d

. .

Pe te r Blight, if e v e r the y h a v e s o a ppli e d the

sa i d ro ce e d s, w hich th e sa i d Re spo n d e nts d o
p
no t o m it— A n d the sai d Re spo n de nts furthe r
s we rin s a , th a t true it i s, tha t th e sa id shi L
g y p a

v i n i a a rriv e d a t th e po rt o f Phila d e l hia , o n th e

p
1 8 th o f July , la s t pa st, a n d still lie s i n the sa id
o rt, but th e y d e ny th a t the sai d ship a nd the
p
fre ight the re o f a re lia ble fo r the pay me n t o f the
sai d sum o f o n e tho us a n d se v e n h un dr e d a nd six

te e n o unds, fiv e shillings, in the s a id Li be l me n

p
1 741 Prece dents .

tio ne d or
p my a rt the re o f ; a nd the y in sis t th a t
e ve n i f the sa id ship a n d fre ight we re so lia bl e ,

tha t th e sam e i s n o t d ue a nd pa y a ble until the e x

ira tio n o f six mo nth s fro m th e 2 1 s t o f M a y

p
1 800 be ing the d a te o f the sa id de cla ra tio n a n d
,

a re e me n t, si ne d a s a fo re sa i d by the sa id S W
g g . .

W a de so n o n be half o f the sa id Libe lla nts .

A nd the sa id Re spo n de nts pra y tha t the s a id

Libe l ma y be dis misse d with co sts , &c .

A J DA LLA S,. .

REPLI CA TI ON .

To the Hono ura ble é c ,

'
.

Ta r .
p Geo rge Ba rcla y John Dr u
re lic a tio n o f ,

ry a n d Jo hn Ma ngle s to the jo int a n d se v e ra l a n

,

s w e rs o f ‘
Villia m Vicary Pe te r Blight G e o rge
, ,

Blight Th o ma s Murga tro y d an d W illia m Co le

, ,

o r to so m uc h the re o f a s it is ma te ria l o r ne ce s

sa ry fo r the m to re ply unto the sa id Re plica n ts

sa v ing a n d re se rving a ll be ne fit a n d ad v a nta e
g
o f e x ce ptio n to the un ce rta intie s a n d insufficie n

cie s in the sa id an sw e r c o nta ine d, a n d a ll be n e

fit o f the m a tte rs o f fa cts the re in s ta ted, ac kno w

le dge d a nd co nfe sse d fo r Re plic a tio n to so muc h

o f the sa id an swe r a s the se Re pli a nts de n to b e
y
true , pro po un d a nd sa y , tha t the sai d ship La v i
nia , a t the tim e o f the sa id Bo tto m ry a n d H
yp o
the ca tio n in the ir Libe l se t fo rth a nd a t the time
o f the arrival o f the sa id shi a t th P t f
p e o r o
 Preceden ts . 1 75

Phil a de lphia a fore said , wa s the pro pe r ty o f the

sa i d Pe te r Bli ht, an d tha t the a ssignm e nt o f th e
g
s a i d shi b th i d Pe te r Bli ht to Z R Re a d
p y
, e s a g . .

in the sai d a n swe r me ntio ne d , i f a ny such w as

ma de , which the Re plia n ts d o no t a dmit, w a s no t
b o na fide but in trust for the said Pe te r Blight,
,

to s e cure the sa me fro mle ga l pro ce ss a n d fa nd u

le nt a nd v o id a s a ga inst the cre dito rs o f the sa id
Pe te r Blight, a n d that the re giste r o f the sai d
shi i th e nam e o f th e sa id Z R Re a d if the
p n . .
,

nam e w a s s o re iste re d , w hic h the s e Re lia nts

g p
d o no t a d mit, wa s d o ne in collusio n w ith the sa id
Pe te r Blight fo r simila r fra ud ule nt purpo se s , an d
th e a ssignme nt o f the re si d ue o f th e sa id Pe te r
Blight s in tere st in the sai d ship to the sa id G B
’
, . .

T 111 a n d W C if a ny such the re w e re , w hich

'

. . . .

the se Re plia n ts do no t a dmit, wa s n o t bo na fide ,

b ut fra udule nt, c o ll usiv e a n d v o id , a gai n st th e
cre di to rs o f the s a id Pe ter Bli ht, a nd a ll whi ch
g
these Repli a nts a r e rea dy to prove, witho ut tha t,
th a t th e sai d ship Lav inia , a t a ny time wa s o r
n o w is th e just a nd la w ful ro e r ty o f th e sa id
p p
Z R Re a d in the Re plia nt s sa id a n sw e r me nti
. .
’

o ne d .

A nd the se Re spo n d e nts furthe r s ay , tha t true

it is, the sai d ship be lo n gi ng a s the se Re plia nts
co nte n d , t o the sai d Pe te r Blight, sa ile d fro mthe

Port o f Phila de lphia , in the District o f Pe nn

sy lv a nia b o und to the Po rt o f Lo n d o n , a nd c o n

sign e d to He nry Hal e F e ntha m ,

w ith a car
go o n

b o a rd be lo nging a lso to the sai d Pe te r Blight,

a nd th a t the sai d shi o the Po rt o f Ply
?
.

p p u t in t
mo uth, a nd the sai d W illia m Vica ry we nt by
la nd to Lo nd on, a nd tha t be fo re the a rrival o f
 1 76 P recedents .

the sa id W illi a m Vica ry a t London th e sa id ,

He nry H F e ntha m w a s de cla re d a Ba nkrupt

.
,

a nd the sa idG e o rge Ba rcla y Jo hn Drury , a nd

,

Jo hn Ma nglm, w e re a ppo inte d his a ssi gne e s, an d

as such re que ste d the d e live ry o f the sa id ca rgo

to the m as re pre se nting the sai d ba nkrupt, th e

c o nsi ne e the re o f A nd the se Re lia nts co n
g .
p
fe ssi ng the sa id a gre e me nt i n the sai d a n s we r
,

me ntio ne d a n d re fuse d to , da te d the 1 0th da y

o f F e brua ry 1 800, sa y tha t the y ha v e in a ll
things pe rfo rme d a n d fulfille d the sa id a gre e
me nt, a cco rding to the true inte nt a nd me a ning
the re o f, whe re in it o ugh t to be o r c o ul d be pe r
fo rme d , the subje ct ma tte r o f the sa id ca rgo a n d
the o bje ct to w hich the c o v e na nts in th e sai d
co ntra c ts e nte re d in to by the Re pli a nts pre m a ri

ly a llude , b e ing the cargo the n o n bo ard sa i d

ship a t Plym o uth , th e Re plia nts e nga ging to a p

l th e ne tt ro c e e d s o f the s a id ca r o , a fte r
py p g
a in fre i h t o f the sa id car o , the co m m i i
p y g g g s s o n s

o n the sa le s o f th e sa i d ca r o , e x e n ce s o f ta ki n
g p g
a nd ke e in o sse ssio n a nd d e liv e rin th a id
p g p g e s

ca r o , bro u ht fro m Phil a d e l hia , as h e re i na fte r

g g p
me ntione d witho ut that, tha t the se Re pli a n ts in
a ny re s e ct infrin e d o r br o ke the sa m in
p g e , a s

much a s the se Re plia nts were no t the re by oblig

e d to d v a nce o r be co m ib l f
p y
a or a e r e s
p o n s e o r
a n part o f the sa i d shi h h
’

y p s e x pe n se s, o t e r s t a n
a s a b o v e e n um e ra te d, a nd e xc e t s o fa r a s th e
p
sa m e re la te d to the s aid o utward car o o f th e
g
sa id shi , a n d th e w h o le o f the n e tt ro ce e d s o f
p p
the sa id car o w e re to b e a li e d a c c o rdin t
g pp g o
the sa id a gre e me nt a fte r di sc har in the d utie s
g g
an d a ll o the r char e s a nd e x e nse s re la tin to th e
g p , g
 Precede n ts .
1 77

s a id ca r o in to ward s s atisfa c t on o f
i bills, or
g or
o th e r e n a em t t d t t d
g g e n s a c c e
p e , co n r a c e , or
ma d e by the sa id He nry H F e ntham, o n a o .

c o u n t o f Pe te r B li ht o f Phila d e l hia —
.

g p A n d
th e se Re plia nts d id so a l t h e n t i d
pp y e re
p r o c e e s
o f th e s a id ca r o a nd the re b d i d i f t f
g y n a c , s o a r
a s th e s a m
‘
e e x te nde d , a t h d b t f th id
p y e e s o e sa
Pe t e r Blight the n pro prie to r o f the sa id ship a nd
,

c a r o , a n d be in i t f b th th
g g s o
p p
r o r e o r o o , e r e
w a s n o fre ight d ue o r pay a ble o n the sa me o o d s
g
a n d c a r o e x ce t fo r li h te ra e wh ic h th e se Re
g p g g
p li c a n ts h a v e full
y d i sc har e d , a lth o ugh i f the
g
s a i d s hi h a d be e n una b le to c o m e ro und h o m
p
'

Ply mo uth to Lo n d o n , it wo uld ha v e be e n ne ce s

0

s a ry to ha v e fre ighte d a no ther v e s se l, fo r the

p ya

me n t o f which the Re plia n ts by the sa id a gre e

me nt s o uld ha e be e n ia ble A nd the se Rel
w v l —
a n ts d e n h a t the s ai d “ illia i n Vic a r , w ith
f
p li y t y
th e privi ty a nd c o ncurre nce o f the se Re plia nts
o r an y a ge nt o f the irs, h a vi ng a utho rity to th a t
'

urpo se , d i d pro cure cre dits fo r the sai d shi ,

p p
w ith a vie w, o r wi th a n e x pe cta tio n, e nc o ur a ge d
by th e m, to be re imburse d o ut o f mo ni e s to be
re c e iv e d fr o m th e Re plia n ts unde r the sa id
a re e m e nts, no r did the se Re plia nts e ve r re fii se
g
to pa y a ny fre ight d ue , o r wh ich the y a t a n
y
time h a d re pre se nte d a s d ue o r to be co m
, e d ue ,

a s th e fre i ht o f sa id ca rgo , o r pra c tice an y d e

g
c cit with th e sa id W illia m Vic a r , or o the r
y
e rso n u o n th e sa m e subje ct ; a n d the sa id Re
p p
li a nts a v e r th a t u on the re re se nta tio n of the
p p p
sa id Wi lliam Vica r , th a t the sum in th e sai d
y
Bo tto mr conta ine d, was ne ce ssary to pay a nd
yr
1 78 Precedents .

disc ha rge the e Xpe nce s re pa irs a nd victuallin g

o f the sa id ship, o the r tha n tha t wh a t re spe cte d

the sa id o utw a rd c a r o a nd th a t wi th o ut su c h re
g
a irs a nd o the r e x pe nce s a s a fo re sa id la st m en
p
tio ne d , the ship c o ul d no t ha v e pe rfo rme d , a n d
co m p le a te d he r v oy a ge fro m Lo n d o n to Phil a

d e lphi a , n o r ha d th e sa id W illia mVica ry , e ith e r

mo ne y o r goo d s be lo nging to the o wne r o f the
s aid shi b w hi ch he co uld h a v e pa id the sa i d
p y
ne ce ssa ry e x e nce s, no r wa s he a ble to ra ise the
p
sa m e by bills o r o the rw i se o n the cre di t o f the

o w ne r ; n d tha t th e se Re pli a nts by the ir a d v an

a
c e s e n a ble d th e s a i d shi p to co mple te h e r re turn

v o a e , a nd tha t s uch a d v a n c e s w e re m d b
y g a e
y
the m for th e ir purpo se , upo n the e x pre ss s tipu
‘

m
a

la tio n o f th e sa id W illi a mVica ry , the a ste r o f

the said shi p, tha t he w o ul d ple dge a nd Hy po
the ca te the sa id shi p fo r the se curity a n d re im
bur se me nt the re o f in cas e o f sa fe a rriv al, a nd
th a t th e mo ne y in the sa i d Bo tto m r
y a n d H yp o
th e ca tio n me ntion e d , w a s the pro pe r mo ne f
y o
the se Re flia nts and n o t the pro cee d s o f th e
sa id ca rgo , the sa m e ha v in been a li d
g pp e a
g re e
a ble to the co ntra ct tha t w a s e nte re d into a s

a fo re sa id , be twe e n the se Re lia nts a nd th e sa id

‘

p
W illi a m Vic a ry as a fo re sai d .

A nd the se Re plia nts co nfe ssin the sa id a

g
g re e
m e nt in the Re s o nd e nts sa id a n swe r m
p
tio ne d a nd re fe rre d to , d a te d 2 0th Ma
e n

y 1 8 0 0 ,

de ny tha t it do e s in any wa y o r ma nne r a ffe c t

,

the ir right to sue a n d ro se cute fo r the re co v e

p
ry o f the a m o un t d ue u o n a nd co nta ine d in th e
p
sa id Bo tto m ry a nd Hy pothe ca tio n .
 Precede nts . 1 79

a nr o ns the se Re plia nts pray a s in the ir

L ibe l the y be fo re ha ve pray e d , tha t by the se n
te nce a n d de cre e o f this Ho no urable Co urt the
s a i d Bri a n tine , h e r ta ckle , furniture a nd a
g p
p a re l ma
y be c o n d e mn e d a n d s o ld to sa ti f
sy th e
L ibe lla nts de ma nd, with the co sts, an d cha rges
’

a nd s
q fo rth .

REJ O I ND ER .

The Re join de r of W illia m Vica ry Pe te r ,

B light, G e o rge Bli ght, Tho ma s Murga tro y d a nd ,

W illia m Co le , the Re spo n de nts to the Re plica

ti o n o f Ge o rge Ba rclay , Jo hn Drury , a nd J o hn
.

M a ngle , the Libe lla nts in his ca use .

The sa id Rejo in a nts sa vi n g a nd rese rv ing al l

b e n e fit a n d a d va n ta ge o f e x ce ptio n to the nu
c e rtai n tie s a n d in sufii ce ncie s in th e sai d Re li
p
,

c a tio n c o nta ine d , a nd a ll be ne fit o f the m a tte rs o f

fa ct the re in a ckno wle dge d a n d c o nfe sse d, for re

o i n d e r to s o much o f the re pli ca tio n , a s th e se r e
j
o ina nts d e ny to b e true th e y pr o pe nn d a n d sa y :
j , ,

Th a t the ship La v inia in the sai d Re plica tio n a n d

r o ce e d in s m e n tio n e d , w a s n o t a t the ti m e of
p g
th e Bo tto mry in the sa i d Libe l me ntio n e d n o r a t
th e time o f he r a rri v a l a t Phila de lphia a fore sa i d ,
.

th e pro pe rty o f the sa id Pe te r Blight, but th a t the

sa me w a s a t tha t tim e the ro e rt
p p y o f the sa id Z .

R: Re a d , a n d ha d be e n pre vio usly a ssigne d and

tra ns fe rre d to , a n d registe re d in the na me o f the
sa i d Z R Re a d , to wit , o n th e 2 2 d d a y De c e m
. .

be r 1 79 9 bo ndfidé for a v al ua ble c o nsid e ra ti

,

on a nd not fr a ud ul e ntly wi th a v ie w to se c ure

1 80 Precedents .

me f m l l i ll i
'

the .
sa ro e g a
p r o c es s ,
n o r n co u s o n

be t w e e n t h e sa i d P e t e r B li h
g , t a n d Z . R .B e a d
as a
p p e a r s b y t h e a s s ig n m e n t a n d r e g is try , co

ie s w h f h u n to a nn e x e d — A n d the se
R
e r e o a r e e r e

e o i na nts furthe r pro po und a nd sa y tha t a l l the

j , ,

ro pe rt i nte re st, cla im a n d d e m a nd o f the sa id

p
P e t e r li g h t , (i f a n y h e h a d ) o f ,
i n a n d to ,t h e

sa id s h ip L a v i n i a ,
w e r e f u r th e r t r a n s fe r re d a n d
v e ste d i n the sa id Ge o rge Blight Tho m , a s M ur

a n d W il lia m C o le , o r so m e o r o ne o f

the mby the De e d s o f A ssignm e nt in the a n sw e r

o f th e se R ej o in a n t s m e n ti o n e d , s o m e o r o n e o f
the m, fo r the use s a nd o n the c onditi o n in the
s a i d d e e d s o f a gre e m e nt so m
, e o r o ne o f the m
.

s pe cifie d , be ibre the Bo tto m r

y i n t h e said Libe l

me nti o ne d , a nd the a rriva l o f the sai d ship La v i

n ia a t the po rt o f Phila d e lph ia , a s a fo re sa id

A n d the sai d de e d s o f a gre e me nt we re ma d e bo

mi fidé wi tho ut fra ud o r co llusio n fo r the be l i e f

fit o f the cre dito rs o f the sa id Pe te r Blight the re

in spe cifie d . A nd the se Rejoin a n ts furthe r pr o
und a n d sa y , th a t be fo re the d a te o f the sa id
z
E tto m ry a nd the y be lie ve a t the tim e o f e n te r

ing into the sa id a gre e me nt on the te nth d a y o f

0

Fe brua ry 1 800, the sa id Libe lla nts w e re fully

a c qua inte d with the o wne rshi o f the s a id L a v i
p
ma , a n d tha t the y ha v e no t fulfille d the sa id a
’

re e m e n ts a c co rd in t th t u i t t d
g g o e r e n e n a n
me a ning the re o f whe re in it o ught a n d co uld be
,

e rfo rm e d in a s m u ch a s the d i d t d h
p y n o , a n a ve

no t pa i d the fre ight co m , missions a nd e Xpe nce s

in the sa i d a gre e me nt me ntio ne d , altho ugh s uch
aym e nt o u ht to h a v e be e n m d d t h i d
p g a ,e a n e s a
a re e m e nt co uld in that re s e ct ha v e be e n
g p p e r
fo rme d a nd fulfille d . A n d the se Re joina nts fur
 P recedents: 181

th er pr o po und a n d sa y , th a t the said Libe lla nts

m
w e re by the sa id a gre e e n t o f the 1 0th F e hru
a ry 1 800, o blige d to pa y the fre ight, co m
mi s si
o u a nd e X pe nce s the re in m
en ti o ne d , o ut of the

p ro c e e ds o f the id
sa ca r o , a n d
g be fo re the same
c o uld be lie d to w a rd s sa ti sfa ctio n o f the
ppa

b ills o r o the r d eb ts a nd e nga ge me nts a cc e pt

e d a nd c o n tra cte d, o r m a d e by the sai d He n .

H m
,

r
y .F e n th a , o n a c co u n t o f th e sa i d P e
te r Blight an d th a t the s a id ship La v i nia ,
a nd he r c a r o w o uld n ot h a v e be e n d e liv e re d
g
to the sai d Li be llants , b ut in c o nsid e ra tio n o f
th e ir pro m ise , a nd a gre e me nt to pay the sa id
fr e ight, c o mm i ssio n a nd e Xpe nce s a s a fo re sa i d ,

a n d wi th a view to a l th e m n ie s re c e i v e d
pp y o

o n suc h pa y m e nt to th e e ui m
q p e nt a nd e X e n
p
ce s o f the said ship La v inia , for he r re turn v o y ~

a e to Phila de l hia a fo re sa id A d th e s e Re
g p .n

o in a nts furthe r r o o un d a n d a , tha t the

j p p s y
fre ight fo r the sa id c a rgo , w a s d ue a nd pay a ble
un to the s a id Z R Re a d , Ge orge Blight, Tho m
. . as

M urga tro y d a nd W illia m Co le , o r so me o r o ne -

o f them a s ow ne r s, o r o wn e r o f the s a id s h i
p
L a v inia , by v irtue o f th e tra ns fe r a n d a ssign
me nt a fo re sa id , a n d the Rej o ina nt s furthe r pro
o u nd a nd s a , tha t the Libe lla n ts, did re fuse to
p y
a y the fre i ht d ue fo r th e sa id o utwa rd c a r o ,
p g g
o f the sa id ship La v in ia , a n d tha t the sa id V illi
V

a m Vic a r , wa s c o m e lle d i n the m a nn e r a n d

y p
fo r th e re a so ns se t fo rth in the a nsw e r o f the se ,

Re spo nde nts to a cce pt the m

o ne y , in the sa id

re te n d e d Bo tto m r , o r Hy o the c a tio n m e ntio n

p y p
e d , a n d to e x e c ute the sa i d In str um e nt a s a fo re .

sa id . B ut-the se Rejo inan ts sa y , tha t b e fo re a n d

a t th e tim e a n d subse ue nt to th e e x e c utio n o f
q
1 82 P receden ts .

th e sa id I n st r u m e n t, th e L i b e lla n ts w e re
p o s se s s

e d o f go o d s, w a re s ,
me rc h a ndi se a n d mo ne y ,
b e lo n ging to the sa id Pe te r Blight, o wn e r o f the
s a i d o u tw a rd c a r g ,
o w h e re b y a n d w h e re w it h a ll
th e e X pe n ce s fo r the re turn v oy a ge fo r th e
sa id s hip, m i g h t a n d o u g h t to h a v e b e e n d e fra y

e d a nd pa id , if a s the sa id Libe lla nts pre te n d

b w h i h h e se Re jo ina nts d o n o t a dm it ) t h
( u t c t e

s a i d shi h a d be e n the n the pro pe rty o f the sa id

p
Pe te r Blight, w itho ut co mpe lling the sa id W illi
Vica ry , to e x e c ute a ny Bo tto m r
y o r H po
y
th e ca tio n the re fo r . A n d the se Re jo in a nts fur
th e r pro po un d a nd s a y , tha t the m one
y a d v a nc

e d b y the Libella nts , a s a fore sa id w a s n o t a d

v a n ce d u o n the e x re ss stipula tio n o f th e s a id

p p
W illia mWe a ry , th a t he wo uld ple dge a n d Hy
o th e c a te the said s hi ,no r u o n th e c o n di tio n,
p p p
se c uring a nd re im bursing the sa me in ca se o f
th e sa fe arriv a l o f the s a id ship La v ini a a t the
o rt o f Phila de l h ia b ut it w a s a dv a n ce d un d e r
p p ,

th e cir c umsta n ce s by the se Re jo ina nts in the ir

a n swe r a n d in th e ir Re jo ind e r se t fo rth, u o n a

stipula ti o n a lso tha t the sa id W illia m le ar

y
sho uld bin d him se lf, hi s e x e c uto rs a n d a d m inis
tra to rs to re imb urse the sa m e . A n d the se Re
j o in a n ts furthe r ro o un d a nd sa , th a t the
p p y m o

n e y in th e sa id pre te n de d Bo tto m r and H

y yp o

th e c a tio n me nti o ne d w a s a d v a nce d a t a tirne

'

w he n the sa id o utw a rd c argo o r the pro ce e d s

th e re o f re m a ine d in th e h a nd s o f the Libe ll

a nts a nd be fo re the sa m e , or an a rt th e re o f,
, y p
w a s o r c o uld be a ppli e d a gre e a bly to the sa id
c o ntra ct o f th e 1 0th o f F e brua ry a nd

th a t the mo ne y so a d v a n ce d to the s a id W illia m

 P recedents . 1 83

Vi cary w a s pa ya ble , and o u

g h t to h a v e be e n

a i d o ut o f the ro ce e d s o f the o utw a rd ca

p p s e
b e fore a ny o the r a pplica tio n the reo f , a nd tha t
th e sa id Libe lla n ts, ha ving the s a id car go , o r the
ro ce e d s the r e o f in the ir ha nd s, w e re bo und b
p y
th e sa i d c o ntract o f the 1 0th o f F e brua ry 1 800 ,
t o ma ke up such prio r pa y me nt, w itho ut a ny Bo t
to mry o r Hypo the ca tio n t o se c ure a re imb urse
me nt the re o f a n d tha t th e mo ne y so a d va nce d
,

to the sa id W illia mVi ca ry w a s part o f the pro

,

c e e d s o f th e sa id o utwa r d ca rgo , b ut i f a t the

ti me o f a d v an cing the sa me , i t w a s th e pro pe r

mo ne y o f the Libe lla nts, the se Rejoina nts pro
o un d a n d sa y , the sa m e ha s be e n o r o u ht to
p g
h a v e be e n sin ce re ta ine d o r re imburse d by the
s a i d Libe llants o ut of the pro ce e d s o f the sa id

c a rgo . A n d the se Rejo ina nts furthe r pro po und

a n d sa y , tha t the a gre e me nt o f the 2 i s t o f Ma
y
1 800, a ckn o wle dge d i n the sa i d Re plica tio n o f
th e sa id Li be llant s, w o uld a ffe ct the right o f the
sa i d Li be lla n ts to sue a n d ro se cute fo r the re
p
c o v e ry o f the a m o unt due u o n the sa id B o t
p
to mry o r Hypothe ca tion , if a ny thing w a s the re
upo n d ue (w hich the se Re jo ina nts d o n o t a dm it)
fo r th e te rm o f six mo nths, fro m the da te o f the
sai d a re e m e nt o f th e 2 d o f Ma y , 1 800 : a n d
g
th a t by 1 e a so n o f the Libe lla nts suing upon the
sai d Bo tto m ry o r H
yp o th e ca tio n be fo re the e x

i r a tio n o f the said te rm o f six m on ths, the se

p
Rej oina nts would be de priv e d ( a cco rding to the ir
re s e cti v e ri h ts) o f th e be ne fit a n d a d v a n ta e
p g g
o f ma king th e pay m e nt o f o ne tho usa nd six hun

dre d a nd te n pounds, 1n the sa id la st me nti one d

a ree m e n t s ti ula te d m fu ll sa tisfa cti o n f th
g , p o e
 F 0 BF E I TUBE

e r bein fals el re i s te re d
Of a ship f
o n a cco unt o h g y g .

UNITED STA TES O F A M ERICA ,

MA RYLA ND DISTRICT, SS .

To the Ho noura ble JA MES ‘ Vl NCHEs rEa J udge of

'
,

the D is tr ict Co ur t of the Uni ted S ta te s fo r

, ,

the fil a ryla nd D is tr ict .

IN the n a me a n d o n the be ha lf o f th e Un ite d

S ta te s o f A me ric a , Ze bulo n Ho llings worth, A t
to rn ey o f the U nite d Sta te s fo r Ma ry la n d Dis
trict, co me th into C o urt he re in his pro pe r pe r
so n , a nd iv e th the C o urt he re to u n de rsta nd
g
an d be info rme d , tha t he re to fo re , to wit, o n the
2 5th No v e mbe r 1 80 1 , a t the Po rt o f Ba ltimo re,
in Ma ry la n d District, a ce rtain A quilla Bro wn ,
a citize n o f the Unite d Sta te s o f A me ric a a nd o f

the City o f Ba ltimo re , be ing a pa rt o wn e r o f a

ce rta in ship ca lle d th e A ntho ny Ma ngin, a ppe a r

e d be fore Ro be rt Purvi a nce , C o lle c to r o f the

C usto ms for the Unite d Sta te s o f A me rica at

th e Po rt of Ba ltimo re in Ma ry la n d Di s tri ct, he
th e sa i d Ro b e rt Pu rv ia n ce be in
g the n an d th e re

the o ffice r a utho rised by la w to m a ke re i stry

g
o f th e sai d ship ; a nd th e sai d A quill a Bro wn
1 86 Preceden ts .

gi stry of the said shi

p, to wit, on the d a y and

e a r a fo re sa i d , a t the
d istrict a fo re sa i d , fo r whi c h
y
ca use s th e sa id Ro be rt Purv ia n ce , C o lle cto r a s

a fo re sai d , ha th se ize d the s a id ship, h e r ta ckl e ,

a a re l an d furniture , a s by la w fo rfe ite d
pp .

W h e re fo re the sai d A ttorne y pra ye th the a d v ic e

-

o f the C o urt he re in the pre m ise s, a n d tha t d ue

ro ce ss o f l a w ma i ssue a a in st th e s a i d s hi p,
p y g
h e r ta ckle , a ppa re l a n d furn iture , an d tha t d u e
ro c a m
l ti w ith m n i ti o m i u i h i
n t s be
p a o n o n a
y s s e ~

h a lf to cite a n d a d mo nis h a ll pe r so n s to b e a n d
a ppe a r a t a d a y a nd pla ce by y o ur h o n o ur to b e

na m e d to sh o w ca use , if a ny th e
y h a ve , wh
y th e

s ai d sh ip ca lle d the A ntho ny Ma ngi n, h e r ta ckle ,

a ppare l a nd furniture sh o uld n o t be co n d e m ne d

a nd s o ld , a n d the m o ne y a risin fro m sai d s a le

g
to be d istribute d a cco rd ing to la w, a n d tha t s h e
be so con de mne d a nd so ld an d the mo ne y so di s
trib ute d , pra yeth .

Za s HOLLI NG SWORTH,
.

A tto rney fo r the U S fo r [Ma ryla nd D is t

. .
.

CLA I M A ND A n sw s n
.

A n d n o w co me s he re Thoma s W No rman .

by Luthe r Ma rtin, hi s Pro cto r a nd c laims the

,

sa i d shi , he r ta ckle a l d fu i tu d
p pp a r e a n rn re , a n
for hi s cla im a n d a nswe r unto the said Li
be l, he sa ith tha t the sa id ship wa s o riginally
b uilt in the State o f Virginia , a n d tha t whe n she
w a s co mple te ly fitte d fo r se a she w a s re giste re d
a s the so le pr o e rty o f the said Bro wn , a n d th a t
p
 Precede nts . 1 87

th e se a le tte r o b ta ine d fo r the sa id ship on he r

fi r s t voy age w a s o bta ine d fo r he r a s the sole pro
e r ty o f the sa id Brow n T h i s C laim t f
p . a n u r
th e r sa ith, tha t o n the v o y a ge whi c h the sa id
s h i p fir st m a de , wa s to En lan d a n d b a ck to
g
B a ltimo re , a n d which wa s the o nly v oy a ge pe r
fo r me d by he r while she w a s o wne d by said
B r o wn, thi s Cla iman t wa s maste r o f sa id ship,
a n d tha t a co n sid e ra ble a rt o f he r ca r o w a s
p g .

o n fre ight, a n d tha t th e w h o le o f th e sai d fre i ht

g
w a s , i n En gla nd , a pplie d to the use o f the sa id
B r o w n alo ne , a nd tha t o n the re turn o f the sai d
s h i p to the Po rt o f Ba ltim o re , this Cla im a n t still

c o n tin uing m a ste r the re o f, the fre i ht w hi c h he

g
c a me d ue o n the re turn v o y a e wa s re ce iv e d
g
b y the a ssigne e s o f the sa id Bro wn, he ha ving
i n th e inte rme dia te time b e e n d e clare d a ba nk '

r u t , a nd b
p y th e m a
pp lie d to th e u se o f t h e c re

di to rs o f the sai d Bro wn . This Cla ima nt fur

th e r a n s we ring sa ith, tha t upo n th e re turn o f
th e sai d ship to the sai d Po rt o f Ba ltimo re , she
w a s ta ke n into the po sse ssio n o f the sa id a ssig
‘

n e e s a s ha v m g b e e n th e p pro e rty o f th e s a id

B ro w n, a n d w a s the re publickly a d v e rtise d in

th e n e w spa pe r s o f tha t city fo r sa le a s the pro
e rt y o f th e sa id Bro wn , a n d w a s so so ld a s such
p
i n th e city o f Ba ltimo re a t publick a uctio n, a nd,
a s th is C la ima nt be lie v e s w ith the priv ity a n d

k n o w le d ge o f the sa id R o be rt Purv ia nce , a n d

t h e o th e r o fli c e r s o f th e c u s to m s fo r th e P o rt o f
B a ltim o r e ,a n d t h a t a t th e sa i d s a l e ,
th e s a i d s hip
& c wa s purcha se d by o ne Micha e l Sa unde rso n,
.

a c itize n o f th e Unite d Sta te s, he b e ing the

highe st bi dde r, to who m a re giste r was d uly

1 88 Precedents .

g ra nte d b y t h e s ai d R o be rt Purv ia n ce , co lle cto r

a s a fo re sal d a t the Po r t o f Ba ltim o re. This

Cla ima nt furthe r a nswe ring sa ith , tha t w hile the
sa id Michae l Sa und e rso n wa s o w ne r o f the said

shi p, she ma de a v oy a ge to Engla n d a n d re turn

e d a gain to the Po rt o f Ba ltim o re , a n d tha t u

p
o n the re turn o f the sa id shi p to the Po rt o f

Ba ltimore this Cla ima nt purcha se d the sa id ship

fro m the sa i d Mi chae l Sa un de rso n, a n d duly o h
ta ine d a re giste r for the sai d ship fro m the s aid
Ro be rt Purv ia nce C o lle cto r, a s a fore sa id a t the
Po rt o f Ba ltimore a fo re said , a nd tha t the sa id Ro
b e rt Purvia nce , a nd the o the r o tlice rs o f th e
c usto m s a t the sa id Po rt whe n the re giste r w as
ra nte d to the sa i d M ic h a e l S a un de rso n a nd
g ,

a ls o whe n the re iste r w a s ra nte d to thi s C la im

g g
a nt we ll kn e w th a t the sa i d shi w a s the sa m e fo r
p
w hich the sai d Bro w n h a d o b ta ine d a re giste r
a s a fo re sa i d . This Cla un a nt fur the r a n swe ring
s ai th , th a t a fte r he ha d th us o bta ine d a re iste r
g
fo r the sa i d ship, b e pro se cute d o ne v o y a ge
w ith he r to Engla nd a n d fro mthe nc e to the Po rt
,

o f Bal tim ore ; i m me dia te ly a fte r he r a rriv a l a t

whic h po rt she wa s se ize d a s a fo re s a i d , a nd tha t
h e do th no t kno w , be lie v e o r a dmit, tha t the sai d
ship w a s
p a rt o wne d b
y t h e sa i d H a c k m a n o r
an o th e r e rso n e x ce t the sa id Bro w n a t th e
y p p
time whe n the sai d Bro wn ma d e o a th a s a fo re
sai d . Whe re fore the sai d Norman do th cla im
the sa id ship, he r ta ckle , &c a s his pro e rty a n d
.
p
ra y s tha t the sa m e m a y be re sto re d to him d
p , a n

tha t he m a
y h a v e his co sts i n this m a tt e r s u s ta in
e d a ud hi s d a m a e s o c ca si o ne d b
g th e e i z u r
y s e
 Precedents . 1 89

an d de te ntion o f the said shi

p, s o . so unla w
f lly
u
ma de ,
to hi mde cre e d , &c

Lume n Mu mN,
for the C la i ma nt .

1 4th May , 1 803, A w arra nt o fa pprai se me nt

be ing issue d a gre e a bly to the pro visio ns o f the
a c t o f C o n re ss a n d the sh
g ,
ip v a lu e d b y th r e e

p e rs o n s a
ppo inte d by th e c o urt,
th e C l a i m e n t fil
e d a bo nd with c o n ditio n th a t h e sh o uld a
,
p y
the v a lua tio n, in ca se th e ship sh o uld be co n
d e mn e d a n d in a ll th ings c o mply w ith the final
j g
u d m e nt to be re nd e re d in the
p r e m i se s
”
.

To the Honoura ble RI CHA RD PETERS , E sq dy e .

THE Libe l o f Phine a s Bo n d Co nsul Ge n e ral

,

of h is M aje sty the king o f the Unite d Kingdom

o f Gre a t Britai n an d Ire la nd in the Unite d S ta te s

of A m e rica fo r th e Mid dle a n d So uthe rn Sta te s

o f th e sa me , re s e ctfull s ho w e th
p y
Tha t so me time a b o ut the day o f
la st, a s this Libe lla n t h a th be e n in fo rme d a n d
be lie v e s , a c e rtai n briga ntine the n a me whe re o f
,

is un kn o wn to him, la d e n with a ca rgo o f Suga r,

Rum a nd C o ffe e , put up in b a gs, a n d in ho gs
he a d s, tie r ce s a n d ba rre ls, marke d T a n d C .

the pro pe rty o f c e rta in s ubje cts o f the kin g o f

the sa id Unite d Ki ngd o m, saile d fro mthe I sla n d
o f Ba r ba d o e s b o und to the o r t o f Cha rle sto n,
p
in th e Sta te o f So uth Ca rolin a , c o n signe d to
Me ssrs Tuuno a nd Co x , Me r cha nts o f Char
.
1 90 Prece den ts .

le sto n a fo re sa id Tha t whi le la wfully a n d pe a c e

.
,

a bly ursuin g the s ai d v oy a ge , the sa id brigan

p
tin e w a s o n o r a bo ut the
,
da y o f la st,
v io le ntl a nd fo r cibly ta ke n o n the high se a s by
y
a ce rta in riv a tce r , m a nne d b
y p e rso ns ca lli n
p g
th e mse lv e s citize n s o f the Fre n ch Re public , a n d
by the m ca rrie d to ge the r w ith the ca rgo a fo re
sa id to St Ja o d e C uba , be ing within the Do m
,
g
in io n s o f his Maje sty the king o f Spa in , be tw e e n
w ho m a nd the king o f th e sa id Unite d Kingd o m,
the re th e n wa s a nd s till is pe a ce a n d a m ity .

Tha t the sa id ca rgo w a s unla de n fro mthe sai d

b riga ntine a t St Ja go d e C uba a fo re sai d , a n d
.

the re re s hippe d o n bo a rd a ce rtai n o the r briga n

ti ne ca lle d th e P o towma c, co mma n de d by ca p
ta in Tuppe r, bo un d to th e po rt o f Ba ltimo re
in the Sta te o f Mary la nd . Tha t the sa i d c argo ,
afte r the a rriv al o f the sa id briga ntin e Po to w ma c
a t Ba ltim ore a fo re sa id , w a s the re a ga in un la d e n

a n d r e sh i e d o n bo a rd the scho o n e r M ne ma ,
pp
ca ta in ‘ V i l s o n , bo un d to the t f P hi l d l
p p o r o a e
h i a T h a t se v e nte e n h o she a d s o f Rum t w
p .

g , o

hun dre d a nd e ight ba gs o f Co ffe e a n d fifty tw o -

ho gshe a d s a nd tie rce s, a nd se v e nty barre ls o f

Suga r, o r the gre a ter pa rt the re o f pa rt o f th e
,

sa id ca r o , h a v e be e n bro u ht in to the t f
g g p o r o

Phila d e lphia in the Di strict o f Pe nn sy lv a nia , a n d

,

within the j uris d ic tio n o f thi s h o no ura ble Co ur t ,

a n d are n o w the re in the i f t i

p o sse s s o n o a c e r a n
Jo hn Ga rdi n e r, junio r, o f the sa i d city o f Phila
d e lphia ,
Me rcha nt . Tha t the Li be lla nt h a th
b e e n in fo rme d a n d b e lie v e s tha t no se nte nc e o r
d e cre e o f c o n de mn a tio n ha th e v e r be e n pro no un
c c d a a in st the s a id car o o r a n t f i t
g g yp a r o o r a
 Precedent-t . 191

in s t the briga ntine in w hich it wa s shippe d

ga
fr o m Ba rba d o e s bo un d to C ha rle sto n a fo re sa id ,
b y a ny Co urt o f la wful jurisdictio n, a nd the
R um, S uga r a nd Coffe e a fo re sa id , we re bro ught
,

a s a fo re sa id into the Unite d Sta te s into the

o rt o f Phila d e lphia , in o r d e r th a t the sa m e mi h t
p g
b e so ld , in ma nife st v io la tio n o f a mity a nd frie nd
sh ip so h a ppily subsisting b e twe e n the sa id Uni

te d Sta te s, a n d the king o f the sa id Unite d King

d o m, a n d o f the ne utrali ty o f the sa id Unite d
S t a te s
.

T he sa id Libe lla nt, the re fo re pra y s , the a id

o f the pro ce ss o f this Ho no ura ble Co urt to a r ,

r e s t a n d a tta ch the sa i d Rum , C o ffe e a nd Suga r,

a n d tha t the sa m e m a y be de cre e d to be re sto rd

to him, o n be ha lf o f the o wne rs the re o f, subje cts

o f the king o f Uni te d K . i ngdo m a fo re sa id , to ge
th e rw ith d a m a e s to be pa i d by the sa id Jo hn
g
G a rdine r, jr fo r the unjust de te ntio n o fthe sa me
. .

W
TI LG HMA N
.
,

Procto r fo r the Libella n t .

CLA I M .

T HE said J o hn Gar dine r junio r, a citize n o f

,

the Unite d Sta te s o f A mer ic a , a nd C o nsigne e

'

o f sa id Go o d s, o n be h al f o f Ta gga rt a n d
Th o ma s Cal d we ll , o f the city o f Bal timo re in the ,

S ta te o f Ma ry la nd, Me rcha nts a nd citize ns o f

th e Unite d Sta te s, cla ims the sa id Goo d s a n d
Me rcha n dize s, a s the sole a nd a bsolute pro pe r
ty , Go o d s a nd Cha tte ls o f the sa i d Ta gga rt,
192 Precedents .

and Cald we ll th e t me of the a rre st a nd se i

ml
, at

zure the reo f by th e Libe lla nt ,

a nd cla i s , a so ,

o n the ir be h a lf, a ll such c o sts, ch a rge s , d a ma es

g
a n d e x pe nse s a s ha v e a rise n o r s ha ll, o r ma y a ri se
,

by re a so n o f the se izure a nd d e te n tio n o f th e

sa me .

J o nN G u n me n , l e mo n .

R ECUSA NT OW NERS .

To the Honoura ble RI CHA RD Pe r ms es q j udge of .

the D i s trict Court of the Uni te d S ta te s m a nd ,

o r the D i s trict of Pe nns lv a ni a

f y .

THE Pe titio n of W illings F ra n cis, a n d

a nd

Sa mue l S Co o pe r re spectfully sho w e th

.
,

Tha t y o ur Pe titio ne rs are o wne rs o f thre e

fo urths pa rts o f the briga n tine A melia Th a t .

o ur Pe titi o n e r s a re d e siro us o f se ndi n the sa me

y g
v e s se l o n a v o a e to Sa in t Se ba stia ns , in th e
y g
Kingdo m o f Spa in a nd fro m S a in t S e ba s ti a n s
,
’“

ba ck to Phila de lphia .

Th a t the re ma ining o ne fo urth pa rt o f th e sa me

ve s se l be lo n s to Pe te r Bli ht, o f the cit of
g g y
Phila d e l phia , Me rcha nt , who re fuse s to jo in in
the sa id v o y a ge o r to suffe r the sa me v e s se l to
,

sai l o n y o ur Pe ti tio ne rs a cc o unt .

. Y o ur Pe titio ne rs the re fo re re spe c tfully pra y

th a t this Ho no ura ble Co urt, c o n fo rm i ng to the
e sta bli she d La w a n d usa e , o f the A dm iral ty ,
g
1 he w o rd s 1 n I ta li ck s w e re i n s e rte d i n th e Li b e l
'

a fte r a n s w e r fi le d , by c o n se n t .
 P r ecede nts .
'1 93

w ill gra nt a cita tio n , re turna ble a t the ne xt Co urt

d a y to the Pe te r Blight, to sho w ca use if
sa id

an h e ha s, w h u r P ti ti h u ld t b
y y y o e o ne rs s o n o e
a dm i tte d to giv e se cur i ty fo r the sa fe re turn o f
th e sa m e v e sse l, a n d the re u o n
p ro ce e d wi th
p
h e r o n the said inte nde d v o y a ge .

W 1 LL1 Nc s F u nne l s ,
SA MUEL S C o o r s s . .

l 6 th A ugust, 1 800 .

REPLI CA TI O N .

To the Ho no ura ble rye ,

.

THE a nsw e r of Pe te r Bli ght, o f the City o f

Phi l a de lphia , Me rc ha nt, to th e Pe titio n o f W il
lin g s a n d F ra n cis, a n d Sa mue l S Co o pe r, re s .

e c tfully sho w e th :
p
Th a t the Re spo n de nt a dmits tha t the sai d Pe
titio n e rs a re o w ne rs o f thre e fo urth parts o f the
briga n tin e A me lia , but this Re spo n d e n t a v e r s
tha t b e fo re the filing o f the sa id pe titio n , h e h a d
a s si n e d a ll his ro e rt , re a l a n d e rso nal
g p p y p
w ha ts o e v e r a n d w h e re so e v e r, to Ge o rge Blight,
Th o ma s Murga troy d a nd W illia mCo le , i n trust
fo r th e be n e fit o f his cre dito rs, a n d the re fo re he
is no lo nge r o wn e r o f the re ma ining o ne fo urth
p a r t o f th e s am e v e sse l, no r e ntitle d, w itho ut the

discre tio n s, a utho ritie s a n d a ppro ba tio n o f his

sa id tr uste e s to in in the v o a e , m the sa id
j o y g
p e ti tio n m e n t i o n e d , o r to s uffe r th e s ai d v e sse l
to sail o n the sa id Pe titio ne r s o wnacco unt .

A a
1 94 P re cedents .

A nd this Re spo nde nt furthe r a nswe rin g sa ith ,

th a t h e b e lie v e s h i s sa i d tr u st e e s w o u ld be wil
ling (a s he himse lf wo uld be ,) to jo in in se n ding
the sa i d ve sse l, o n a ny v o y a ge fo r the ge n e r al
b n
e e fi t o f th e o w n e r s , p
ro v i d e d s u c h vo
y ga e

w as tr uly a n d fu lly m a d e k n o w n t o th e m; b ut the

sa id Pe ti tione rs h a v e no t se t fo rth to wh a t pla ce

o r p la ce s it i s in te n d e d t o se n d t h e sa id v e sse l

a fte r he r a rriva l a t Sa int Se b a stia n s ; a n d thi s Be

m
spo n de nt ha s be e n in fo r e d a n d a v e rs tha t it i s

n o t inte n de d tha t th e sa i d v e sse l sho ul d r e turn

,

fro m Sa int Se b a stia ns imme dia te ly to Phi la de

hi a , but th a t she sh o uld be e m p loy e d b
y th e
p
sai d Pe titio ne rs in a lo n g ha za rd o us a n d c i r c ui
, ,

to us v oy a ge , no t me n tio n e d o r de scribe d i n the

sa id e titio n
p .

A nd this Re spo n de nt furthe r a nswering sa ith,

th a t the Pe titio ne r s h a v e not i n the ir sa id pe titi on
of fe re d to purcha se the la te sha re o f the Re
,

spo n de nt i n the sa i d v e sse l a ssigne d a s a fo re sai d ,

to hi s sa id tr uste e s, nbr h a v e the y offe re d to

se ll the sa id v e sse l, a n d distribute the m one
y a

mo ng the o wne rs in pro portion, no r ha v e they

o ffe r e d to
g iv e se c urit
y for a in
p y g an
p a rt o f
the pro fits o f the v oy a ge o r fre ight o the sai d
v e s se l, to this Re s o n d e nt, o r hi s sa i d tr uste e s,
p
n o r h a v e the y o ffe re d to giv e se c urity fo r the re
turn o f the sa id v e s se l within a limite d time .

‘ Vhe re fo re a n d be ca use this Co urt ha s no t j u

ris di c ti o n o f th e c ase , th e sam e n o t be in a civil
g
ca us e o f A d m iral ty a n d Maritime j uris c gtio n ,
fi
ina s much a s the s ai d v e ssel w a s a t the time o f
filing th e said pe titio n, a n d no w is within th e bo
dy or District of Pe nnsy lva nia , a nd n o t upon
.
 Preceden ts .
1 95

th e High Sea s The Re spo nde n t pray s tha t the

.

sa id
pe ti tio n ma
y be di smi sse d with co sts the , .

A . J DA LLA S
.
,

Proctor for the Responde nt .

A N D no w this 2 2 d da y o f A ugust 1 800, it is

o rd e r e d by th e Co urt, tha t th e Pe ti tio n e r s b e
“

e r mi tte d to se nd the briga ntine A m elia , in the

p
e ti tio n m e n tio ne d , o n a v o a e fro m Phila d e l
y g
p
h i a to S t Se ba sti a n s a nd bac k to Phila de l hi a ,
p .
p
u o n the ir e n te rin into sti ul a ti o n in the sum
p g p
o f six th o usa n d d o llar s with a ro ve d se c urit ,
pp y
a s w e ll fo r th e safe re turn o f the sam e v e sse l to

Ph il a de lphia , a s fo r th e pa y me n t to the sa id Re
s o n d e nt, hi s He irs, Ex e cuto r s a n d A dm i nistra
p
to r s, o f o ne fo urth o f the fre ight o f th e sa m e
v e s se l fo r the sai d v o a e o ut a n d h o m e , d e d uc
y g
fin g a ll re as o na ble a nd jus t me rca ntile charge s .

ORDER

Fro m a JlI a gis tra te for the S urv ey of a Vessel

’
.

To A , B, C, D, &c .
1 96 P recede nts .

whe the r she i s t o o l e a k y o r o th e r w i s e u n fi t in

he r cre , w b o d y ,
t a c k l e ,
a p p ar e l,
f u r n i tu r e , p r o

vi sio n s o r s to re s t o
p ro c e e d o n h e r i n te n d e d v o
y
a ge to t e h P o r t o f O p o r t o in P o r t u
g a l . A n d
ma ke re po rt t o m e in w r i tin
g u n d e r
y o u r h a n d s

o r the ha n s o d f a n
y t w o o f y o u , w h e t h e r i n a n
y
o r in wha t re s p e c t t h e s a i d b r i g i s u n fi t t o
p ro

c e e d o n the a o re f s a i d in t e n d e d v o y a
g ,e a n d w h a t
a d d itio n o f m , p
e n r o v i si o n s o r st o r e s , o r w h a t
a
re p r oi s r a lte r a tio n s i n h e r b o d y, t a c k le o r a
p
are l o f th e s a i d b r ig w i ll b e n e c e s s ar
y a
g r e e
p ,

a b ly th e a c t o f C o n
g r e s s o f t h e U n it e d S ta te s in

s uc h ca se s m a d e a n d p ro v i d e d — G i v e n u n d e r

my H a n d a n d S e a l t h i s fi r s t d a
y J u n e , s e v e n te e n

h undre d a n d nine ty se v e n -
.

Co mmissio n o
f Appra isement an d S a le .

GEORG E th e Third by the gra ce

, of G od , of

G rea t B ri ta in, F ra nce an d I rela nd, king, de fe u

d e r o f th e fa ith to of in the c o unty
of
g e ntle m a n, a n d
g re e tin
g W h e re .

a s o ur be lo v e d Sir J a m es M a r r io tt, kni h t a n d

g
d o cto r o f la ws, o ur lie ute na nt o f the high co ur t
o f A dm ira lty o f Engla n d, a n d in the s a me co ur t
o fficia l prin ci a l, a nd c o m m i s sa ry e n e ra l a n d
p g
s e cia l, a nd pre side nt a n d j ud e the re o f, la w ful
p g
ly co nstitute d in a c e rta in ca use o f substra c tio n
o f wa e s ci vil a n d ma ritim e, m ov e d an d
g ,
p ro

se cute d be fo re h im in o ur sa i d co urt, o n b e h a lf

of la te ste wa rd o f the ship c a lle d the

 19 8 Precedents .

me time y ou duly transd t the said appraise

sa
ment subscribe d by y ou a nd the sa id appra ise r ,

to ge ther with the a cco unt of such sa le , a lso s ub

o ur a fo re sa id ud e o f o ur
s cribe d by y o u, to j g
sa i d c o urt, o r his surro a te ,
g toge the r with the se
re se nts
p .

Giv en Lo nd o n, in o ur a fo re said co urt, un

at

de r the gre a t se a l the re o f, the da y o f

in the y e a r o f o ur Lord a n d a f o ur w i :
g
the

GEORG E the Third by the gra ce

, of G od , of

de r of the fa ith : to of

ty of g e ntle ma n , gre e tin

g
. Wh e re as o ur
be lo v e d Sir J a mes , M a rrio tt
kn ig ht a n d d o c to r

o f la w s o ur li e ute na nt o f the high co urt o f o ur

,

A dmir a lty o f Engla n d, a nd in the same c o urt

o flicia l prin cipa l a nd co m missa ry ge ne ra l a nd
s e cial , a n d pre si de nt a n d j ud ge the reo f, la w
p
fully con stitute d in a ce rta in ca use o f ci vil

a nd ma ritime , mo v e d a nd pro se cute d be fo re

him, in o ur sa id co urt, o n be ha lf o f a ai n st
g
th e ship o r v e ss e l c a lle d the ( w he re o f
is no w o r la te ly w a s ma ste r) , he r ta ckle , a ppare l
o

a n d furniture , righ tly a nd d uly pro ce e ding o n

the da y o f the da te he r e o f a t the pe titio n o f the

,

ro c to r o f the sa id d e cre e d a co m m issio n

p
to issue to se ll the sai d ship he r ta ckle , a p
p a re l a n d furniture , (justice so re quirin )
g W e .

d o th e re fo re by the se pre se nts a utho rize , e m

 Precedmts , 199

p o we r a nd strictl
y charge and co mma nd y o u ,

tha t y o u e x pose o r c a use the a fo re sai d shi

p
he r ta ckl e , a ppa re l a nd furniture , to be e x po se d
to publick sale , and tha t yo us cll o r ca use the sa m e
to be so ld to the be st bidde r a nd tha t y o u bring
o r ca use to be bro u ht th e
g p ro d uce m o ne
y a ris -

ing fro msuch sa le into the re gistr y o f o ur a fo re

sai d co urt o n or be fore the
, da y o f
n e x t e ns uing, to be th e re ke t fo r th e use o f the
p .

r n s w ho sh a ll be e n ti tle d th e re to ; a nd tha t
p e so

a t th e sa m e time y o u d uly tra nsm it the a cco unt

‘
o f such sa le , subscribe d by yo u, to o ur a fo re

s a i d judge o f o ur sai d co urt, or his surro ga te ,

t o ge the r with the se pre se n ts .

Give n a t Lon d on, in o ur a fo re sa id co urt, nu

d e r the gre a t seal the re o f, the d ay o f
i n the y e a r o f o ur Lord a nd o f o ur re i n
g
th e

Monition to deli ver up Ship s Regi s ter,

’
at the Pe
ti tio n f
o a n owner o f three fo ur ths .

GEORG E the Third by the gra ce

,
of G od of

G rea t B r i ta in, Fr a nce an d I rela nd, king d e fe u ,

de r o f the fa ith : To al l a nd singular o ur vice

a d m ir a l s , j u st i ce s o f th e
p e a ce , m a
y o rs, s h e riff s ,

d ll h ffi
'

b a i li fl s, c on st a b l e s,
a n a o t e r o u r o c e r s ,

mi n i st e r and
s o th ,e r s as w e l l w i th in lib e rt ie s a nd
franchise s as witho ut, gre e ting : W he re a s o ur be
lov e d Sir J a mes M a rriott, knight a n d do cto r o f
la w s, our lie ute na nt o f the high co urt o f o ur
A d m ir y
a lt o f E n
g la n d , a n d in th e sa m e c o ur t o f
 Precedents . 2 01

e ril w hi ch will fall the re o n : a nd tha t o u d ul

p y y
ce r ti fy us, o r o ur a fo re sai d j udge , o r his surro

a te , w ha t y o u sha ll d o in the pre m i se s, to e th e r

g
g
with the se pre se nts .

Giv e n a t Lo n d o n, in o ur a fore sa id co urt, nu .

de r th e gre a t se a l the re o f, the da y o f

in th e y e a r o f o ur Lo rd a nd o f the re i n
g

D ecree f
O A tta chmen t .

G O
E RG E the third , by the gra ce o f G od , of

G r e a t B r ita in, F r a n ce, a n d I re la nd, king d e fe n d ,

e r O f th e fa ith to all a nd s ingula r o ur vi ce a d -

mir a ls, justice s o f the pe a ce , may o rs, she riffs,

b a iliffs, ma rshal s , c o n sta ble s, a n d to a ll oth e r
o ur O ffi c e rs, m iniste rs a nd o the rs, a s w e ll within
li b e rtie s a nd fra n chise s a s with o ut, gre e ting .

VVh e re a s o ur be lo v e d sir Ja me s Ma rri o tt, knight

a n d d o c to r o f la w s, o ur lie ute n a n t o f the hi h
g
c o urt o f a d m ir al ty o f En gla n d, a n d in th e sa me
co urt o ffi cia l prin cipa l a n d c o mm i s sa ry ge n e ra l
a n d spe ci al , a n d pre sid e n t a n d j ud ge the re o f,

la w fully c o n stitute d a n d a ppo in te d in a c e rta in .

ca flse o f civil a nd m a r i ti m mo v e d a n d
'
e ,

ro se cute d b e fo re h im in o u r s a i d c o u r t n b
p , , o e

ha lf O f la te a ma rin e r O f th e ship ca lle d the

( w h e re o f w a s m a s te r), g a a i n s t th e

s ai d shi , a n d a ai n st o wne r the re o f, in te r

p g
v e nin , ri htl a n d d ul ro ce e din o n th e
g g y yp g ,

day o f la st, a t th e pe titio n o f the pro cto r

Of th e sa id alle in t h a t the sai d is
g g
the mo re le ga l pe rso n fro mwhomthe truth in this
Bb
 P receden ts . 2 03

re ste d k
ou e e u n d r sa fe a nd se cure arre st,
y p e

until h e sha ll h a v e giv e n his pe rso nal a n s w e rs o n

o a th to the o siti o n s o r a rti cle s o f the a fo re sa id
p
sum mary pe titio n, give n in a nd a dmitte d in the
said ca use , o n the sa id a fo re sa i d d e c re e
.

G iv e n a t Lo n do n , in our a fo re sa id co urt, un
de r th e gre a t s e a l th e re o f,the day o f
in the y e ar o f o ur Lo rd a n d o f o ur re i n
g
the

J ur a to ry Ca utio n .

d ay o fbe fo re the w o rshipful

d o ctor a nd surro a te , in hi s ch a m
o f la w s g
in Do cto rs C o mmo n s, Lo n d o n ; pre se nt,
’
be rs
no tary
publ i ck .

( Ship s
’
na me )
.

W h ich da y pp a e a re d
pe rs on a ll
y of

ma rin e r o ne o f the pa rtie s in this ca use , wh o

,

subm itting hi mse lf to th e jurisd ictio n o f this co urt,

b o un d h imse lf, hi s he irs, e x e c uto rs a nd a dmi
nistra to rs, i n the sum o f p o un d s o f la w

ful mo ne y o f G re a t B rita in, unto ma ste r

o f th e shi o r v e s se l c a lle d th e to
pro s e
p
cute th e a ctio n c o m me nce d in th is be ha lf, a n d
to pa y e x pe n ce s, in ca s e h e sh all fai l in this his
suit, a n d to a ppe ar o n the d ay o f
a n d so o fte n a fte r ward s a s he sh a ll b e o r

d e re d by the jud ge or his surro ga te ; a n d unle ss

he sh a ll so d o , he d o th he re by co n se nt tha t e x
e c utio n sh al l i ssue fo rth a a in st him h i s h e irs
g , ,

e x e c uto rs a n d a d m in istra to rs, go o d s a n d cha tte ls

 w h e re so e v e r the y sha ll be fo und, to the v alue of
the sum a bo v e m -
e ntio ne d ; a nd the s a i d

m a d e o a th , t h a t h e w o u ld a pp e a r o n the

da y f i a n d s o o fte n a fte rwa rd s a s he

sh a ll b e o r d e re d b y th e j g
ud e o r h i s s urro
ga te .

D e cree o
f P o s s es s i o n .

GEORG E the Third , b y t h e

g r a c e o f G o d , o f
G rea t B ri ta in, F ra nce a n d I rela nd, king, d e fe n
d e r o f the fa ith : to e ntle m an, m a rsh a l o f
g
th e high c o urt o f o ur a dmiral ty o f En gla n d , a nd
to hi s d e puty wh o mso e v e r, gre e ting
’
. W h ere
a s o ur b e lo v e d the ri ht w o rsh f S r J am
g ip u l i es

M a rr io tt, knight a n d do cto r o f la w s, o ur lie u

te n a nt o f the sa i d high c o urt o f A dmiralty o f
E ngla n d, a nd i n the sa me c o urt o flicia l pi i n c1pal
a nd c o m missa ry ge ne ral a nd spe cia l, a nd pre si
d e n t a n d j udge th e r e o f, la wfully c o n stitute d a n d
a o inte d , in a c e rtai n c a use o r busine ss, ci vil
pp
a nd m a r itim e, m ove d and ro se c ute d be fo re
p
him, in o ur sa id co urt, o n be ha lf o f o wn

e r of a r ts o f the shi c a lle d th e

p p
in st the sai d shi , h e r ta ckle , a a re l a n d fur
ga p pp
niture , a n d a ga in st the ma ste r, a n d
th e o w ne r o f a rto f th e sa i d shi , in s e
p p p
cial, a n d a ll o th e rs i n e n e ral , ri htl d d ul
g g y a n y
ro c e e din n the d a o f th e d a te he re o f, hi s
p g o y
in te rlo c utory de cre e , a t the pe titio n o f th e pro c
to r o f th e sa id a n d o n mo tio n o f c o un se l, d e

cre e d the s se ssio n o f the sa id shi t o th e

po
p
to b e d e live re d to the sa id o wne r of
 Precedents . 2 05

parts the re o f, and ha ving the majo ri ty o f inte re st

the re in , o r to hi s la wful a tto rn e y fo r his use ; a n d
a t the furthe r pe titio n o f the ro c to r o f the sa id
p
a lle in th a t the sa id a nd or
g g
o ne o f the m , ar e in
p o s se s s io n o f th e r e gi ste r

be lo nging to the sa id ship the de cre e d a

mo nitio n to issue a ga inst the m, to de live r up
the sa m e unto th e sa id (j u s ti c e so rc

q u irin )
g W e d o th e re fo re b y th e se
p re

se nts a uth o ri ze a n d e mpo w e r y o u, jo intly a nd

se v e ra l ly , a nd d o stric tly ch a rge a n d c o mm a nd

y o u, to re le ase th e sa id shi p the h e r ta c

kle , a ppa re l a nd furniture , fro mthe a rre st ma de

i n this b e h a lf, a n d to d e liv e r the po sse ssio n the re
o f to the sa id o wn e r o f a rts the re o f,
p
d ha ving the majo rity o f i nte re st the re in, o r
to h is la wful a tto rne y , fo r his use : a nd h e re o f
fail no t .

G iv e n a t Lo ndo n , in o ur a fo re sa id co urt, um
de r the gre a t se a l the re o f, the d ay o f
in the y e a r o f o ur Lo rd a n d o f o ur re i n
g

Re s titutio n .

GEORG E the Thir d , by the gra ce o f G o d, of

r a nce a n d I rela nd, king, de fe u

'

G rea t B ri ta in,
d e r of th e fa i th : t o a l l p e rso n s in w h o s e c usto

dy o r po s se s s io n th e u n d e rm e n t io n e d Or

an
y p a rt o r
p a r c e l t h e r e o f b e a n d re m a in,
g re e t

ing W he re a s o ur be lo v e d Sir J a me s M a rr io tt,

i
kn g h t a n d d o c to r O f la w s ,
o ur lie ut e n a n t o f t h e

i
h gh c o u rt Of o u r A d m ira l ty O f E n g la n d , a n d in
 Precedents .
2 07

Libel for A s sa ult an d

1 0 THE HONOUR A B LE su ms Wi Na s rER,

'
du ty .

The Libe l o f G e orge F o rtune h umbly sho w e th :

Tha t y o ur Libella nt o n th e of

in th e y e a r at the B a ltimo re , shi

o rt o f
p p
e d as a ma rin e r o n b o a rd the shi S r e nt,
p p e
p
w h e re o f Jo hn W h e e le r w a s ma ste r, to pe rform
a v o a e o n the hi h se a s a n d w ithin th e uri sd ic
y g g j
ti o n o f this Ho no ur a ble C o urt, to w it, fr o mBa l
timo re to M a rtinique a n d the n ce ba ck to th e
s a i d po rt o f B a ltimo re

Tha t d uring the sai d v oy a ge to Ma rtinique o n

th e da y Of in the y e a r a fo re sai d ,
W hile y o ur Libe lla n t i n O be die n ce to the o rd e rs
,

o f th e s a id ma s te r, w a s a rra n in so me la nks in
g g p
th e ste e ra ge to fo rm a be d fo r a si ck pa sse n ge r ,

o ur Libe lla nt w a s a ssa ulte d by th e sa id J W

y . .

w h o j umpe d fro m the d e c k d o wn o n th e h e a d

a n d sho ul de rs o f y o ur Li be lla n t struck
y o u r

Libe lla nt in the mo uth w ith hi s fist, a n d mo st

c r ue lly a n d inh um a n e l be a t y o ur Libe lla nt o v e r
y
th e he a d with a d o uble d ro pe to the e n d s O f

A sI un d e rs ta n d th a t i n s o me o f the D i s tri ct C o urts

o f the U n i te d Sta te s , s ui ts fo r a s s a ult a n d b a tte r ,
y
th o u h c o mmi tte d On the h i gh s e a s , a re n o t he ld to b e
g
j
w i th i n the ir uri s d i cti o n , i t i s pro pe r to a d d , th a t li be l s fo r
s u ch O ffe n ce s w e r e n e v e r d i s mi s s e d , o n th a t gro un d , by

th e la te J u d ge W i n ch e s te r , w ho s e Opi n io n i s e n ti tle d to
th e hi gh e s t r e s pe ct . He re quire d th a t the a s sa ult a n d
b a tte ry s h o ul d b e s ta te d w i th e v e ry de r e e o f mi n ute n e s s
a s to th e ti me , pl a c e a n d ma n n e r . g
T e re spo n de n t w a s
q
b o un d to b e e ua lly pa rti c ula r i n the de fe n ce wh i ch he
mi ght ma e k .
2 08 Precedents .

which w fa ste ne d a air o f sh a rp iro nca n

e re p
ho o ks w it h w h i ch h e c
-
u t y o u r L i b e ll a n t o n t h e

h e ad s e v e re ly in se v e ra l p l a c e s , so th a t y o u r L i
b e lla n t b l e d p r o fu se ly a n d t h e s a i d J W
. a l
. so ,

a t the sa m e ti m e , s tr u c k y o u r L ib e l la n t o n th e

h e a d w ith a la r
g e b ill e t O f w o o d , w h ic h h e a f
te r w a rd s t h re w a t y o u r L ib e ll a n t .

Yo ur Libe lla nt fur the r sho we th , tha t while the

sa i d s h i p yl a a t M a r t in i q u e , to w it , o n th e

d ya o f a fo re s ai d , b e c a u se h e r e q u e s te d t h e

sa id J W to hire a n d e m lo y tw o se a m e n to a s
. .
p
sist in n a viga ting th e shi p in the pla ce o f tw o w ho

h a d run a w a y , w a s a ssa u lte d a n d se v e re ly be a t

e n b y th e s ai d J W w ith a ro pe , a n d afte r w a rds
. .

fo rcibly ta ke n fro mthe ve s se l to th e to wn o f St .

Pi e rre , w h e re y o ur Libe lla nt w a s impriso n e d

a nd the re d e tai n e d i n pri so n , fo r the spa ce o f

twe nty fo ur h o urs u ntil the ne x t d a y , whe n the

sh i p w a s re a dy to sa il .

TO the e n d , the re fo re , tha t y o ur Libe lla nt ma y

o b ta in sa tis fa c tio n i n d a m a e s fo r the in uri e s b
g j y
hi m sustaine d in the pre mise s, he pra y s pro ce ss
Of a tta ch m e nt a ai n st the sa id J W tha t he m
g . . a
y
a n swe r to th is Libe l upo n o a th, a nd the fo llo w

in g

l st Did y o u a s sa ult a nd be a t the Libe lla nt a t

m
.

th e se v e ra l ti e s a n d in the ma nne r sta te d in th e

Libe l ? If y e a , wha t wa s the ca use ?
2 Did y o u strike the Libe lla nt with the ca n
.

ho o ks If y e a , h o w Ofte n did y o u strik e h im?

A n d y o ur Libe lla nt pray s tha t by De cre e o f
this Ho no ura ble Co urt, the sai d J W ma y b e . .

c o m e lle d to u L ib ll t u h um f
p a
p y y o r e a n s c s o
 P recede nts . 2 09

mo ney fo rda ma ge s a s to y o ur h o no ur may se e m

j ust. A nd he will pray , &c .

P ro c pr o Li b
. .

2 9 th Qua y, 1 808 .

A nswer to a Libel for A s sa ult a nd B attery .

TO THE HO NOURA BLE JA ME S W I NCHES TER, &c .

The d e fe n ce o f W illia m C ore ,

a n sw e r a n d

ma te O f the shi
p B e ck , to th e Libe l Of W illi a m
y
Ha mpto n .

Thi s Re spo n de nt sa v in
g an
gd re se rv i n a ll
ma n ne r o f be n e fit Of e x c e ption s to the s ai d Li
b e l a n d the ma ny untr uths the re in co nta ine d fo r
a n s w e r th e re to , s a ith,

Th a t the Libe lla nt did ship a s a ma rine r o n

b o ar d th e B e cky to pe rfo rm the v o y a ge sta te d
i n hi s Lib e l ; b ut this Re spo n d e nt d e nie s th a t
th e Libe lla nt d urin g a ll the sa id v o y a ge pe r
fo rme d h i s d uty a s a fai thful a n d o b e die nt ma ri
n er ; fo r th i s Re spo n d e n t s a y s, th a t a t th e tim e

co m lai ne d Of in the sai d Libe l, th e re b e in

p g
the n a he a vy gale a nd high se a this Re spo n d e n t,
,

a s his d uty a nd the sa fe ty O f th e v e s se l re quir e d,

d irecte d th e Libe lla nt, w ho w a s the n a lo ft, to

shift th e fo re sa il, a n d thi s Re spo n de nt h a n d e d

th e Libe lla nt a n e a rring, o r sma ll ro pe fo r th e ,

ur o se o f ty in t h e sa id sa il ; th a t th e Libe l
p p g
la nt re fuse d to d o a s he w a s di re cte d , o n pre
te nce tha t the rope wa s too sh ort : a nd wh e n this
Cc
2 10 Precedents .

Re spo nd e nt, urge dby th e d a nge r in w hich the

v e sse l th e n wa s , fo r w a nt o f a sa il to ke e p h e r to

the win d , in siste d th a t the Li be lla nt sho uld ma ke

th e a tte mpt to fa ste n the sa il , the Libe lla n t re
.

lie d, I w on t pa ss it — I
’
ll b e d — d i f I d o fo r
p
y o u o r a ny b o d
y e lse T hat thi s Re spo n d e n t
the n w e n t to th e Li be lla nt a n d struck h im o n c e
wi th hi s o pe n ha n d o n the sid e o f the he a d , a n d
aga in o rde re d him to pa ss the e a rring : tha t th e
Libe lla nt still re fuse d a n d a tte mpted to strik e
this Re spo n de nt, a n d co ntin ue d to re sist a n d r e
fuse to pe rfo rm his d uty , until this Re spo n d e nt
struck h im twic e w ith hi s fist ; a n d the n the Li

b e lla nt fa ste ne d the sa il w ith the s ame e a rring

w hich he , a t first, sa id w a s to o sho rt .

This Re s po n de n t furthe r say s tha t he did n o t

be a t the Libe lla nt a t a ny time d uring th e sai d
v o a e , in a n o the r m a nn e r tha n i s a bo v e sta t
y g y
e d ; a nd thi s Re s po n d e nt d e n ie s tha t the life O f

th e Libe ll a n t wa s in a ny ma n ne r e n d ange re d b y
the be a tin g o r c o rr e c tio n a bo v e sta te d, o r th at h e
wa s the re by pre v e nte d fr o md o ing hi s d uty o r O
the r wise da m a e d a s s ta te d in the a fore sa id Li
g
be l . A n d th is Re s po n de nt sa y s th a t his d uty a s
a n Of fi ce r a n d th e sa fe ty O f the v e s s e l ma d e it n e
c e s sa ry fo r h im to c o rre ct th e Li be lla nt a s be

fo re sta te d .

W he re fo re this Re spo nd e nt pi ay s tha t he ma y

‘

b e c o nside re d a s j ustifie d inth e pre mise s a n d be

he n ce dism i sse d with co sts . A n d he will pra y ,

&c .

W I LLIA M GWYNN ,

P ra c pro Res
. .

“
1 8th Ma y ,
 P recede n ts . 2 1l

B A L TI M OR E CO UN T Y, at .

O n this da y o f
,
1 80 1 be fo re me a
, ,

J u stic e o f the Pe a c e fo r the C o unty a fbre sa id ,

cam e th e a b o v e Re s o n d e n t W C d ma de
p , a
. n .

o a th, tha t the fa cts as sta te d in th e a bo v e a h

s we r are true .

F I NI S,
 TA B LE o r C O N TE N T S .

A dve rti se me nt,

PA RT I .

Hi sto rica l Es sa y on th e Ci vil J uri sdicti on o f th e A dmi

ra lt

O rdina n c i;of Ha stings o n th e s uj

b e ct o f A dmi ralty J u

ri s di c ti o n ,

He a ds A rti cle s o f In qui si tio n ta ke n a t Quinbo

of th e
ro w i n t he ye a r 1 376 in th e 4 9 th o f Edwa rd I II .

by e i g h te e n e x pe rt s e a me n b e fo re W il lia m No
.

vi l A d mira l o f th e N o rth ,
. P
hi lip Co urte n e y A d
mi ral o f th e ‘ Ve st, an d th e Lo rd La ti me r, Wa r
d e n O f th e C in que o rts , P
Th e co mpla i nt o f th e Lo rd A dmi ra l o f En gland co n
cc rn m
g p ro h ibi ti o ns fro m th e C o mm o n La w

Co urts ,
Lo rd C o ke s A n swe r to th i s co mpla int,
’

Re s o lutio n upo n th e c as e s o f A dmira l J uri sdi cti o n ,

Th e J uri sdi ctio n o f A dmi ralty s ettle d,

PA R T II .

P re fa ce ,
Ti t 1. . O f th e man ne r o f i n stituti ng o r co mme ncin g
a n a cti o h i n th e Hi gh C o urt O f A dmira lty o f En g
lan d ; an d o f th e fo rm o f th e o ri gina l wa rran t, o r
manda te wh ich i s to be impe trate d in ma ritime
ca use s ,

C ita ti o n , wh a t it i s,
Tit . 2 .O f th e di re cti o n o f th e wa rra nt,
Ti t . 3 . O f th e mann e r o f e x e cutin g th e wa i ran t,
Tit . 4 .O f th e c a t tion o r ba i l to be gi ve n by th e pe r
son wh o i s a rre s te d , fo r h i s le ga l a ppe a ran ce ,
O f th e di ffe re nt kin d s o f ba i l, o

Tit . 5
.
.W h at s h a ll c on sti tute a le ga l a ppe a ran ce ,
Tit . 6 .Th e e x e c utio n o f th e wa rrant,
Ti t . 7 . P
O f th e wa rra nt o f A tto rn e y o r ro x y, wh at i t i s ,
Tit . 8 . P
O f r o ns ti tutin g a ro cto r ana d a cta , o r e x tra
ju d i c i a lly b e fo re a N o ta r ,
y
How and wh e n P ro cto rs may be use d , ,
 CO N TENTS .

Tit . 8 . Wi e n a
Pro ctor i s s ai d to ce as e to cbe a Pro ctor
in a ca use a nd wh e n n ot, .

T i t 9 Th e pe ti tion o f th e Plai nfifi s roctor a t th e

. .
’
P
time of th e re turn o f th e wa rrant be fore th e
J udge ,
Ti t w The pe titio n o f th e D e e ndant upo n pe rfe ct
. . f
i ng h i s le ga l a ppe r me , a cco rd i n to th e s tipula
aa g
t ion , a n d the P
lai nti ff n ot appe a rin g o r n e g le ct
in g to prose cute h i s s ui t,
T it 1 1
. T he pe ti tion o f th e roctor s hi n c i n dc, if both
. P
Tit . 12 .O f th e fid ejus so ry s e curity gi ve n by th e De
fe ndan t, a i d the sti pul a ti on whi c h i s ente re d in to

Ti t . 13 Th e pe titi o n a nd pro te s t of the P ro cto rfo r

th e Pla in ti ff at th e i ntr od uctio n
'
'

o f fid e ju sso re s o f

th i s ki nd ,
Ti t . 14 . Th e prod ucti o n o f fide jus s o re s o n th e pa rt o f
the Plai ntiff,

Ti t . 15 . Th e pe titio n o f th e P ro ctor fo r be tte r or mo re

s ubstan tia l s e cu rity,
Ti t . 16 . Th e d e cre e o f t he J udge on th e pe ti ti o n fo r
furth e r se cur ity,
Tit . 17 Th e manne r o f p oving the r suffici e n cy o r ii i

s uffi ci e ncy o f
fid e jus so re s , th e
Ti t 1 8
. Th e se cu rity to be i nte rpo se d by th e princi
.

l
p p y
a a rt t o i n d e mn i fy h i s fid e
j u s s o re s ,

Ti t 1 9
. Th e gi vin g o r te n de ring a Libe l,
.

Te rm pro ba to ry, wh a t i t is ,
P
roo f, o f th e di fl e re nt kind s o f,
'

C ommi s s i o n s ub mutu se vi ci ssitudini s , o r

Le tte rs Ro ga tory, a n d C o mmi s si o n s o f D e di mus
P o te s ta te m ,

Tit . 20 . Th e ma nne r of i fyin g th e d e cre e to an

c e rt

s we r th e a l le ga ti o n s o f th e Libe l , if the De fe n d
a n t can no t be c ite d ,

Ti t . 2 1 . Th e mann e r o f e x e cuting th e a fo re sa id . ar

Pa nts v ii s ct me di a ,
Tit . 2 2 . Th e P fo r th e lai n ti ff,
e titi o n of th e P ro cto r P
wh e n t h e fide juss o re s o n th e pa rt o f th e de fe n
d a n t be in g mo ni sh e d to bri n g in th e pri ncipa l, n e i
t h e r a ppe a r th e mse lve s nor h a ve h i m fo rthco m
mg,
Tit 2 3 Th e pe tition o f th e fide jus so re s i f th ey a p
. .

p e a r o n t h e d a y pp
a oin te d fo r t h e m to b rin
g i n
th e pri n cipa l pa rty,
Tit 2 4 . Th e pro duc tion o f th e pri ncipa l pa rty, and th e
.

p u n i s h me nt to be in fli cte d u on h i m if h e refus e
p
to submi t to an e x a mina ti on unde r o ath ,
 CON TENTS .

Ti t 2 . 5 . The re qui siti o n an d pro d u cti o n of Wi tn e sse s ,

a n d th e man n e r o f proce e din g if the y re fus e to be

e xa min e d ,

Tit . 2 6 .Co mpulso ry pro ce s s a ga i ns t W i tn e s se s

. wh o
a re s ummo n e d a nd d o no t a ppe a r . .

Ti t . 2 7 . Th e pe ti ti tio n fo r a n d i s s uin g o f a C o mmi s

s io n fo r th e e x a mi n a ti o n o f W itne ss e s resi din g

a t a d i stan ce fro m t he pla c e w h e re th e C o urt si ts ,

O f C o mmi s sio n s ,

Ti t . 28 . O f the wa rrant to be i mpe tra te d i n r e mwh e re

t h e De bto r a b s co n d s , o r i s a b se nt fro m th e Re al m,
'

O f A tta c h me n ts ,
Ti t . 2 9 . O f th e e x e c utio n o f th e a fo re s a id w a rran t,
Ti t
. 30 . C e rti fic a te o f th e e x e cutio n o f th e wa rra nt
fo r th e a tta ch me n t o f th e goo ds ,
Tit . 31 . T h e e x h ibitio n o r re turn o f th e sa i d warra nt
a n d th e pe ti ti o n o f th e P
ro cto r fo r th e P
la inti ff,
Tit . 32 . Th e man n e r o f a tta c hi n g go o ds o r d e bts in
th e h a n d s o f o th e r s, to wh i ch th e offic e r ca nnot
h a ve a cc e s s .

Ti t . 33 T h e
. c e rti fi ca te o f th e afo re sai d warrant a gain st
.

go o d s re mai ni n g in th e po ss e s si o n of a no th e r,

Tit . 34 . O f th e ma n n e r o f pro ce e din g o n th e a ppe a r;

an ce o f th e pe rso n i n w h o s e h a n ds th e goo ds
we re a tta ch e d ,
Ti t . 35 . Th e gra n ting o f th e s e co nd, th i rd an d fourth
de fa ult,
Ti t . 36 . W h a t thin gs a re conta ine d in th e a fo re sa i d a r
ti c le upo n th e fi rs t d e c re e ,
Tit . 37 O f th e ma nn e r o f pro ce e di n g if th e pe rs o n
a ppe a r to w h o m t h e d w h i ch h a ve be e n a t
g oo s

tac h e d be lo n gs ,
Ti t . 38 O f the a ppe a rance o f a thi rd pe rso n to clai m
.

o d s wh ic h h a ve be e n a tta ch e d a s the t f
g o p p y
ro e r o

a no th e r,

Ti t . 39 . O f a th i rd pe rs o n inte rve ning fo r hi s in te r e st

a fte r th e firs t de cre e ,

Ti t . 40 . P
Th a t the la i n tiff ma y o btai n a fi rst de c re e a s
w e ll a gai n st th e pe rs o n to wh o m th e goo d s whi c h
a re a tta ch e d a re a lle e d to be lo n
g g , a s a
ga i ns t a ll
o th e rs wh o d o n o t a ppe s i ,
Tit . 41 Th e ma nn e r o f a rre stin g yo ur o wn go ods
.

wh e n th e y a re de tai ne d, o ccupi e d o r po s se s s e d by
a no th e i ,
J uri s di cti on o f th e C o urt i n j i crs on a m, and o f
th e P
ri ze J uri s di ctio n ,

Ti t . 42 . Th e ma nn e r o f pro ce e di ng i n po s se s so ry a n d
p e t i to r
y ac ti o n s ,

Tit . 43 . S e que stra ti on o f th e go o ds fi en d en te li te,

Ti t '
44 . Th e a rre st o f go o d s by d i ffe re nt cre dito rs ,
 C O NTENTS;

Ti t; 4 5 . O f th e oath o f ca lumny an d wh at cla us e s a re

co ntai ne d in i t .

Ti t 4 6
. Th e pro po s in g ma tte r o f de fe nce , o f pro
.

p o u n di n g e x ce p t i o n s a n d o f c o r ro bo ra tin g th e
e vi de n c e o f wi tn e s s e s ,

Ti t 4 7
. Th e supple to ry o a th ,
.

Ti t 4 8
. Th e e x hibi ti on o f in strume nts in suppo rt o f
.

th e a l le ga ti o n s o f th e pa rti e s ,
.

Ti t 4 9
. .Th e C o mpa ri so n o f Le tte rs,
Tit 5 0
. .Th e e x hibi tion o f i n s trume n ts o f wri ti ng i n
th e F re n c h , I ta lia n o r G e rman La ngua ge i n s up
p o rt o f the L i b e l o r o th e r m a tte r p p
ro o s e d ,
Tit 5 1
. . Th e e x hibi tio n o f th e t ra ns lation to ge th e r
wi th th e o ri gina l, a nd th e pe ti tio n o f th e
“

. P ro cto r
wh o pre se n ts it,
O f th e diffe re nt ki nds o f i nstrume nts ,
Tit 5 2
. Th e co nclusi o n o f th e ca us e an d th e ma nn e r
.

o f gi vin
g i n fo r m a ti o n to t h e . J u d g e b e f o re pro

n o uncin g th e s e nt e n ce an d t h e manne r o f pro

-

n o un cin g th e sa me ,
Ti t 6 3 O f an a ppe a l from th e de fini ti ve s e nte nce ,
. .

O f a ppe a l fromwr its o f e rro r in th e U Sta te s , 1 0 0.

Ti t 5 4
. Th a t i t i s no t la wful to a ppe a l fro m gi ti e v
.

c e s . o r an inte rlo c uto r de c re e n o t h avin g th e e f

y
fe e t o f a d e fini ti ve s e n te n c e ,
Tit 5 5
. W h a t s ha l l be ca lle d a n i rre parable gri e van ce
.

a nd a de cre e wa i vin h ff o f a d e fi ni ti ve s e n

m g t e e e c t
te n ce , fro wh ich i t i s la wful to a ppe a l,
Ti t 5 6
. A ppe a l fro m th e C o urt o f A dmi ra lty,
.

W h e th e r a n a ppe a l from a ny inte rlo cuto ry de

Ti t 5 7
.
c re e

C ourt m
ay b e a llo w e d fro m a Di stri ct to a Ci rcui t

O f th e Inhi bi tio n o f th e A ppe a l,

.

W ri ts o f Inh ibition i n th e U ni te d S ta te s,
Tit 5 8
. F o rm o f th e e x e cuti o n o r ce rti fica te o f th e
.

a for e sa id I nhi bi tio n ,

Ti t 5 9
. O f puttin g in fide jus so ry s e curi ty in th e A p
.

p e a l ,

Ti t 6 0 T h e mann e r o f pro ce e din g i n a ca s e o f a ppe al ,

. .

Ti t 6 1 O f th e pe titio n fo r a de cre e to s h o w ca us e wh y
. .

s e nte nce o f e x e cuti o n o ugh t no t to be de m a nd e d

.

Tit 6 2
. O f th e s e ntence o f e x e cutio n ,
.

Ti t 6 3 Th e de c re e a gai n st th e prin ci pa l pa rty to pa y

. .

th e sum a djud ge d with co s ts ,

Tit 6 4 . D e cre e o r mo niti on a ga inst th e fide jus so re s
.

to pa y th e th ing a djud ge d , i f th e prin ci pa l party

‘
a b s co n d,

Ti t 6 5
. Th e de cre e a ga in st th e fi dejuss ore s to pay
.

th e sum a djud ge d , wi th o ut re gard to the d e cre e

a ga in st th e i i l t
p r n c p p y
a a r .
 CO NTENTS .

Ti t 6 7
. . Th e manne r o f proce e ding i n cause s of con

Tit . 68 The appe arance of th e pe rso n who i s attach

ed in a case o f co nte mpt
,

A bri e f Di sco urse , sho wi n g th e o rde r or structure o f a

Libe l o r De cla ratio n ,
Summo n s fro m a J udge or J usti ce o f th e P
eac e to th e
M a ste r, to a n swe r a c laim fo r wa ge s,
C e rtifi ca te o f th e Ma gi strat e to th e C le rk o f th e D 15
tri e t Co urt, 12 9
Libe l fo r S e a me n s wa ge s ,
’
1 30
A tta c h me n t a gai nst th e ve s se l , o r pe rso n , 1 32
M oniti on a gain st th e ve ss e l, o r pe rso n , 1 33
Li be l fo r ma te ria l s furnis he d to a v e s se l, 1 35
Li be l i n a ca s e o f da ma ge , 1 36
Li be l fo r sa lva ge in a ca s e o f wre ck, 1 40
in a ca se o f re ca pture , 1 4 4, 15 4
A n swe rs to th e abo ve Libe ls, 14 6, 157
Libe l fo r th e res ti tuti on o f a ve sse l ca ptured witho ut
.

a utho ri ty,

P le a to J uri s d i ctio n,
P
Re pli ca tio n to a le a to J uri sdi ction ,
P ro te s t to e vi de n ce ,

Libe l o n a Bottomry Bon d,

Libe l i n a case of Hypo th e ca ti on ,
R e pli ca ti o n ,
Re jo in de r,
F o rfe i ture o f a sh ip o n acc oun t o f h e r be ing fa lse ly re
i ste re d,
g
C la i m a n d A nswe r,
Libe l fo r th e re co ve ry of pro pe rty i lle gally ca pturt d , -

C lai m,
Re cu san t O wn ers,
Re pli cati on ,
Decre e ,
O rde i from a Magi strate fo r th e surve y of a ve ssel ,
C o mmi s si o n o f a pprai se me nt and sa le ,
C o mmi s si o n of sa le ,
“

M o ni tion to de live r up a ship s re gi ster at th e pe ti tion

’

o f a n o wne r o f th re e fo urth s
-
,
D ecre e o f A tta ch me nt,
J ura to ry C auti o n ,
D e cre e of P
os se ssion,
Re sti tutio n ,
Libe l fo r A ssault and Battery,
A n swe r,