Professional Documents
Culture Documents
net/publication/3916162
CITATIONS READS
2 3,085
4 authors, including:
Boris Benedicic
Domel d.d.
4 PUBLICATIONS 43 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Gregor Papa on 22 May 2014.
Abstract
Figure 5. New design procedure for the rotor and Because of the nonlinear magnetic characteristic, the iron-
stator. loss calculation is less exact. The iron losses are separated
into two components: the hysteresis loss and the eddy-
made. The GA repeats this procedure until a predefined current loss. An empirical formula for the hysteresis loss
number of iterations are accomplished. is defined as follows:
analytic prototype
calculation measurement
initial new initial new
input power (W) 1044 1037 1100 1100
efficiency (%) 70.0 74.5 69.7 72.6
output power (W) 731 773 767 799
iron&copper losses (W) 313 264 333 301
7. Conclusion
In this paper, an evolutionary optimization technique for
designing a universal motor for home appliances, with
constraints on the geometry of the rotor/stator lamination,
Figure 7. Optimized lamination. is presented. An approach that uses the GA at a very early
stage of the motor design when an optimum configuration
of areas with the highest levels of magnetic flux density in of the geometrical parameters has to be found, is
the optimized motor. described. The GA generates sets of solution candidates,
The iron and copper losses of the initial and the which are evaluated using the finite-element method. We
optimized lamination design are shown in Tab.1. In the demonstrated that by repeating the process by which the
new (optimized) lamination, the copper losses in the rotor GA generates sets of solutions an optimum configuration
and the stator are significantly lower than in the initial with reduced power losses can be found in a very short
lamination. On the other hand, the iron losses are higher time.
than in the initial lamination. The reason for this effect is Using the GA the iron and copper losses of an existing
that the slot area in the stator of the optimized lamination universal motor were reduced by at least 10%. Increasing
is larger. The number of ampere-turns in the optimized the GA running time or setting its parameters more
lamination that are necessary for obtaining the required appropriately could improve this result, still further,
torque are lower in comparison with the initial lamination however, the additional effects of other motor
due to the optimized lamination design. If J in (2) is components should also be investigated.
substituted with (1), the equation is as follows:
References
PCuSlot =
(I ⋅ N )
2
⋅ ρ ⋅ l turn (9)
A [1] D.E.Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization,
and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,
From the equation above it is clear that the copper Inc., 1989.
losses increase with the square of the number of ampere- [2] ANSYS User's Manual, ANSYS version 5.6, 2000.
turns and are inversely proportional to the slot area. In the [3] J.H. Holland, Adaptation in natural and artificial systems.
Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1975.
rotor, the slot area is slightly decreased, but the effect of
[4] G.Papa, Using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithm
reducing I⋅N is much stronger, and this results in lower in the Automated Synthesis of Digital Systems, Nikos E.
copper losses in the rotor. The iron losses are increased in Mastorakis (editor), Recent advances in Circuits and Systems,
both the rotor and the stator, mainly because of the World Scientific, Singapore, 1998, pp. 377-381.
slightly larger iron area in the optimized design. The [5] B.Koroušić-Seljak, Heuristic Methods for a Combinatorial
magnetic flux density in the stator remains in the same Optimization Problem - Real-Time Task Scheduling Problem, In
range as in the initial design. In rotor, the magnetic flux C.H.Dagli et al (editors): Smart Engineering System Design:
density is decreased, but the iron area of the rotor is Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Evolutionary Programming,
larger. Overall, the optimized design has a much better Data Mining, and Complex Systems, ASME Press Series on
Intelligent Engineering Systems through Artificial Neural
torque capability, and this results in a total loss reduction Networks, Volume 9, 1999, pp. 1041-1046.
of 16%. [6] C.L. Karr et al, Solving inverse initial-value, boundary-value
We next made a prototype of the motor and measured problems via genetic algorithm, Engineering Applications of
the real losses and efficiency of the motor. These values Artificial Intelligence, Volume 13, Number 6, December 2000,
are shown in Tab.1 and are slightly different from the pp. 625-633.
calculated ones. The main reason for the difference is the