Lineêre onafhanklikheid

Linear independence
•Begrippe: lineêr afhanklik en lineêr onafhanklike vektore.
Concepts: linear dependent and independent vectors.
•Verband tussen lin afhanklikheid van kolomme van 𝐴 en
oplossings van 𝐴𝑥 = 0. / Relation between lin dependence
of columns of A and solutions of 𝐴𝑥 = 0.
• Ekwivalensie vir lineêr afhanklikheid (St 7)/ Equivalence
for linear dependence (Th 7).
•Meer as n vektore in ℝ𝑛 is lineêr afhanklik (St 8) / More
than n vectors in ℝ𝑛 are linearly dependent (Th 8).
•Enige versameling met die nulvektor is lin afhanklik (St9).
Any set including the zero vector is lin dependent (Th 9).
 ‘n Geindekseerde versameling van vektore
{𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 word lineêr onafhanklik
genoem as die vektorvergelyking
𝑥1𝒗1 + 𝑥2𝒗2 + … + 𝑥𝑝𝒗𝑝 = 𝟎
slegs die triviale oplossing het.
An indexed set of vectors {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 is said
to be linearly independent if the vector equation
𝑥1𝒗1 + 𝑥2𝒗2 + … + 𝑥𝑝𝒗𝑝 = 𝟎
has only the trivial solution.
 ‘n Geindekseerde versameling van vektore
{𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 word lineêr afhanklik
genoem as daar gewigte 𝑐1, 𝑐2, … , 𝑐𝑝 , nie almal
nul nie, bestaan so dat
𝑐1𝒗1 + 𝑐2𝒗2 + … + 𝑐𝑝𝒗𝑝 = 𝟎.
An indexed set of vectors {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 is
said to be linearly dependent if there exist weights
𝑐1, 𝑐2, … 𝑐𝑝 , , not all zero
𝑐1𝒗1 + 𝑐2𝒗2 + … + 𝑐𝑝𝒗𝑝 = 𝟎.
 Die kolomme van ‘n matriks 𝐴 is lineêr
onafhanklik as en slegs as die vergelyking
𝐴𝒙 = 𝟎 slegs die triviale oplossing het.
The columns of a matrix 𝐴 is linearly independent if
and only if the equation 𝐴𝒙 = 𝟎 has only the
trivial solution.
 ‘n Versameling van twee vektore is lineêr
afhanklik as en slegs as minstens een van die
vektore ‘n veelvoud van die ander is.
A set of two vectors is linearly dependent if and
only if at least one of the vectors is a multiple of the
other.
 ‘n Geïndekseerde versameling / An indexed set
𝑆 = {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 }
van twee of meer vektore is lineêr afhanklik as en slegs as
minstens een van die vektore in 𝑆 ‘n lineêre kombinasie van
die ander is / of two or more vectors is linearly dependent if and
only if at least one of the vectors in 𝑆 is a linear combination of the
other.
Meer nog, as 𝑆 lineêr afhanklik is en 𝒗1 ≠ 𝟎, dan is een of
ander 𝒗𝑗 (met 𝑗 > 1) ‘n lineêre kombinasie van die
voorgaande vektore 𝒗1, … , 𝒗𝑗−1 .
In fact, if 𝑆 is linearly dependent and 𝒗1 ≠ 𝟎, then some 𝒗𝑗 (with
𝑗 > 1) is a linear combination of the preceding vectors
𝒗𝟏 , … , 𝒗𝑗−1 .
 As ‘n versameling meer vektore bevat as wat
daar inskrywings in elke vektor is, dan is die
versameling lineêr afhanklik. Dit wil sê, enige
versameling {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 is lineêr
afhanklik as 𝑝 > 𝑛.
 If a set contains more vectors than there are entries
in each vector, then the set is linearly dependent.
That is, any set {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 is linearly
dependent if 𝑝 > 𝑛.
 As ‘n versameling 𝑆 = {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛
die nulvektor bevat, dan is die versameling
lineêr afhanklik.
 If a set {𝒗1, 𝒗2, … , 𝒗𝑝 } in ℝ𝑛 contains the zero
vector, then the set is linearly dependent.