LEERGEDEELTE 1.

5
STUDY SECTION 1.5

OPLOSSINGSVERSAMELINGS
VAN LINEÊRE STELSELS
SOLUTION SETS OF LINEAR
SYSTEMS
 Uitkomste / Outcomes
 Begrippe: Homogene vergelykings, parametriese
vektorvorm, konsistent (oplosbaar). / Concepts:
Homogeneous equations, parametric vector form,
consistent.
 Verband tussen nie-triviale oplossings van
homogene vergelykings en vrye veranderlikes
Relation between nontrivial solutions of
homogeneous equations and free variables.
 Verskil en verband tussen oplossings van nie-
homogene stelsels en bybehorende homogene
stelsels. / Difference and relation between solutions
of nonhomogeneous systems and associated
homogeneous systems.
 Definisies / Definitions

 ‘n Stelsel word homogeen genoem as dit geskryf

kan word in die vorm 𝐴𝒙 = 𝑶.
A system is called homogeneous if it can be
written in the form 𝐴𝒙 = 𝑶.
 Die nuloplossing vir ‘n homogene stelsel word ook
die triviale oplossing genoem. Ander oplossings
word nie-triviale oplossings genoem.
The zero solution for a homogeneous system is also
called the trivial solution. Other solutions are
called nontrivial solutions.
 Bruikbare resultaat / Handy result

Die homogene vergelyking 𝐴𝒙 = 𝑶 het ‘n nie-triviale

oplossing as en slegs as die vergelyking minstens een
vrye veranderlike het.

The homogeneous equation 𝐴𝒙 = 𝑶 has a nontrivial

solution if and only if the equation has at least one
free variable.
 Parametriese vektorvergelyking vir ‘n konsistente stelsel
Parametric vector equations for a consistent system

1. Herlei aangevulde matriks na gereduseerde rytrapvorm

Transform augmented matrix to reduced echelon form.
2. Druk elke basiese veranderlike uit i.t.v. vrye veranderlikes.
Express each basic variable i.t.o. free variables.
3. Skryf opl. 𝒙 as vektor in terme van vrye veranderlikes.
Write solution 𝒙 as vector in terms of free variables.
4. Ontbind 𝒙 as ‘n lineêre kombinasie van vektore met
konstantes apart en elke vrye veranderlike apart.
Decompose 𝒙 as a linear combination of vectors with
constants separately and each free variable separately.
 STELLING 6 / THEOREM 6

Gestel die vergelyking 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃 is konsistent vir een of

ander gegewe 𝒃, en laat 𝒑 ‘n oplossing wees. Dan is die
oplossingversameling van 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃 die versameling
van alle vektore van die vorm 𝒘 = 𝒑 + 𝒗ℎ, waar 𝒗ℎ
enige oplossing van die homogene vergelyking
𝐴𝒙 = 𝑶 is.
Suppose the equation 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃 is consistent for some
given 𝒃, and let 𝒑 be a solution. Then the solution set
of 𝐴𝒙 = 𝒃 is the set of all vectors of the form
𝒘 = 𝒑 + 𝒗ℎ, where 𝒗ℎ is any solution of the
homogeneous equation 𝐴𝒙 = 𝑶.