Geometry

Rotations
Goals
 Identify rotations in the plane.
 Apply rotation formulas to figures on
the coordinate plane.

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Rotation
 A transformation in which a figure is
turned about a fixed point, called the
center of rotation.

Center of Rotation

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Rotation
 Rays drawn from the center of rotation
to a point and its image form an angle
called the angle of rotation.
G

90
Center of Rotation
G’

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A Rotation is an Isometry
 Segment lengths are preserved.
 Angle measures are preserved.
 Parallel lines remain parallel.
 Orientation is unchanged.

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 Rotations on the Coordinate Plane

Know the formulas for:

•90 rotations
•180 rotations
•clockwise & counter-
clockwise

Unless told otherwise, the center of rotation is the origin (0, 0).
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90 clockwise rotation
Formula
A(-2, 4)
(x, y)  (y, x)
A’(4, 2)

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 Rotate (-3, -2) 90 clockwise
Formula

A’(-2, 3) (x, y)  (y, x)

(-3, -2)

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90 counter-clockwise rotation
Formula
A’(2, 4)
(x, y)  (y, x)

A(4, -2)

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 Rotate (-5, 3) 90 counter-clockwise
Formula
(-5, 3) (x, y)  (y, x)

(-3, -5)

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 180 rotation
Formula
(x, y)  (x, y)
A’(4, 2)

A(-4, -2)

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 Rotate (3, -4) 180
Formula
(-3, 4)
(x, y)  (x, y)

(3, -4)

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 Rotation Example

B(-2, 4)

Draw a coordinate
grid and graph:
A(-3, 0)
A(-3, 0)
C(1, -1) B(-2, 4)
C(1, -1)
Draw ABC
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 Rotation Example

B(-2, 4)

Rotate ABC 90

clockwise.
Formula
A(-3, 0)
C(1, -1) (x, y)  (y, x)

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 Rotate ABC 90 clockwise.

B(-2, 4)

A’ (x, y)  (y, x)

B’
A(-3, 0)  A’(0, 3)
B(-2, 4)  B’(4, 2)
A(-3, 0) C’
C(1, -1) C(1, -1)  C’(-1, -1)

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 Rotate ABC 90 clockwise.

B(-2, 4)

A’ Check by rotating
B’
ABC 90.

A(-3, 0) C’
C(1, -1)

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Rotation Formulas
 90 CW (x, y)  (y, x)
 90 CCW (x, y)  (y, x)
 180 (x, y)  (x, y)

 Rotating through an angle other than

90 or 180 requires much more
complicated math.

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Compound Reflections
 If lines k and m intersect at point P,
then a reflection in k followed by a
reflection in m is the same as a rotation
about point P.

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Compound Reflections
 If lines k and m intersect at point P, then a reflection in k
followed by a reflection in m is the same as a rotation about
point P.
k
m

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Compound Reflections
 Furthermore, the amount of the rotation is twice the
measure of the angle between lines k and m.
k
m

45

90
P

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Compound Reflections
 The amount of the rotation is twice the measure of
the angle between lines k and m.
k
m

x

2x
P

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 Rotational Symmetry
 A figure can be mapped onto itself by a
rotation of 180 or less.

45
90

The square has rotational symmetry of

90. 9/25/2019
 Does this figure have
rotational symmetry?

The hexagon has rotational symmetry of 60.

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Does this figure have
rotational symmetry?

Yes, of 180.
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Does this figure have
rotational symmetry?
90
180
270
360

No, it required a full 360 to

map onto itself.

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Rotating segments

C
B D
A E
O

H F
G

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Rotating AC 90 CW about the
origin maps it to _______.
CE

C
B D
A E
O

H F
G

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Rotating HG 90 CCW about
the origin maps it to _______.
FE

C
B D
A E
O

H F
G

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Rotating AH 180 about the
origin maps it to _______.
ED

C
B D
A E
O

H F
G

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Rotating GF 90 CCW about
point G maps it to _______.
GH

C
B D
A E
O

H F
G

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Rotating ACEG 180 about the
origin maps it to _______.
EGAC
C
C
B D

A A E E
O

H F
G
G
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Rotating FED 270 CCW about
BOD
point D maps it to _______.

C
B D
A E
O

H F
G

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Summary
 A rotation is a transformation where the
preimage is rotated about the center of
rotation.
 Rotations are Isometries.
 A figure has rotational symmetry if it
maps onto itself at an angle of rotation
of 180 or less.

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Homework

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