DIGITAL TEXT BOOK

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 CONTENTS

Serial No Title Page No

1 Types Of Polygons 4

2 Sum of the Angles 5

3 Interior Angles 5

4 Sums of the Interior Angles of Polygons 6

5 Exterior Angles 7

6 Sum of the external angles of a polygon 9

7 Regular Polygons 10

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 TYPES OF POLYGONS
A polygon is closed figure with 3 more sides.

A triangle has 3 sides and 3 angles.

Below given are the names of some polygons with the number of sides and angles.

Figure Name Sides Angles

Quadrilateral 4 4

Pentagon 5 5

Hexagon 6 6

All the above closed figures are commonly known as polygons.

We can divide any polygon into another polygon with one side less and a triangle , by drawing a
line starting at any vertex, skipping one vertex and joining with the next.

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SUM OF THE ANGLES
The sum of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360.

Sum of the angles of the pentagon

= Sum of the angles of the quadrilateral + Sum of the angles of the triangle

= 360 + 180

= 540

INTERIOR ANGLES

Generally speaking we can divide any polygon into a previous polygon (ie, one side less) and
triangle , and so its sum of angles will be more than the sum of angles of the previous one.

Thus, we have a scheme for computing the sum of the angles of a polygon.

Triangle 180

Quadrilateral 180 + 180 = 2 x 180

Pentagon 180 + (2 x 180 )

Hexagon 180 + (3 x 180)

------------------------ ------------------------
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How about a 20-sided polygon ?

Starting with the sum 180 for a triangle , for each additional side, the sum increases by 180.

20 sides means, 17 sides more than triangle; and this means the sum increases by 17 x 180.

The sum of the angles of a 20 sided polygon = 180 +( 17 x180 )

= 180 + 3060

= 3240

We can write this as a general principle , using a bit of algebra . To get an n-sided polygon,we
start with a triangle and add n -3 sides more. Adding each side increases the sum of angle by
180 . So the sum of angles of an n sided polygon is (n3) x 180 more than the sum of the
angles of a triangle. That is,the sum of the angle is ; -

= 180 + [(n-3) x 180]

= [1 + (n-3)180]

= (n-2) 180

The sum of the angles of an n-sided polygon is (n-2) x 180.

Sums of the interior angles of polygons

Polygon Sum
180
Triangle

360
Quadrilateral

540
Pentagon

720
Hexagon

900
Heptagon

1080

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 Octagon

Problems
Sample Question : What is the sum of the angles of a polygon with 102 sides ?

Answer : Number of sides of the polygon (n )= 102

Sum of the angles = (n-2) x 180

= (102 -2 ) x 180

= 1800

Practice :

1. The sum of the angles of a polygon is 2160. What is the sum of the angles of a
polygon with one more side? What about a polygon with one side less?
2. The sum of the angles of a polygon is 2700.How many sides does it have?
3. Does any polygon have the sum of its angles equal to 1000? How about 900?
4. A ten sided polygon has all its angles equal. How much is each angle?
5. Each angle of a polygon is 150.How many sides does it have?

EXTERIOR ANGLES
Look at this figure :
A

B
C D

In ABC ,the side BC is extended and this produces a new angle outside the triangle. This
angle ACD is called an external angle of the triangle.

What is the relation between this angle and the (internal ) angle ACB of the triangle?

ACB and ACD form a linear pair.right ?

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 So ,<ACD=180 - <ACB

<ACB =180 - (<B +<A)

<ACD = 180 -[180 -(<B +<A )]

= 180 - 180 +<B + <A

= <B + <A

From this, it is clear that exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of its interior opposite
angles.

Problems
Sample Question : The angles of a triangle are 50,50 and 80 .Find the measures of its
external angles ?

Answer : E
B

F A D
C
< A =50

<C =50

<B =80

<BCD = <A +<B

= 50 +80

= 130

<ABE = <A +<C

= 50 + 50

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 = 100

<FAB =<B +<C

= 80 + 50

= 130

Now, try these problems : -

Q1 ) Three angles of a quadrilateral are 70,80,120.Find the fourth angle .

Also find the four external angles.

Q2) Three angles of a triangle are 30,40 and 110 .

Find the measures of its external angles.

Sum of the external angles of a polygon

The sum of an external angle and the corresponding internal angle of a
polygon is 180 ,since it is linear pair.

An n-sided polygon has n internal angles.

Therefore ,the sum of all external angles and the corresponding interior angles

= n x 180

We have studied in the previous class that the sum of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon

= (n-2 ) x 180

Sum of the external angles of an n-sided polygon = n x180 ( n-2) x180

= n x 180 - n x180 + 2x180

= 2 x 180

= 360

Hence, we can conclude that sum of the external angles of a polygon is 360 .

Each external angle of a polygon is 20.How many sides does it have ?

Sum of external angles of a polygon is 360.Then,

Number of internal angles = 360 / 20

= 18

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 Number of internal angles = Number of sides of a polygon

Therefore number of sides = 18

Now, try these problems : -

1. A 10-sided polygon has all its angles equal. How much is external angle ?
2. In a 12-sided polygon ,the external angles are equal. How much is each
external angle and each angle of the polygon ?

REGULAR POLYGONS
If all the sides of a triangle are equal, then its angles are also equal. Such triangles are called
equilateral triangles.

If all the sides of a rectangular are equal,then it is called square.

Like this, Polygons with equal angles and equal lengths of sides are called Regular
Polygons.

Below given are some examples of regular and irregular polygons.

How much is each angle of a pentagon ?

The sum of the angles is ; 3 x 180 =540

Since it is regular, this is the sum of five equal angles. So each angle is 1/5 x 540 = 108

Similarly ,we can easily see that each angle of a regular hexagons 1/6 x 4 x 180 =120

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How much is an angle of a 36 sided regular polygon ?

Number of sides ,n =36

Sum of the angle sof the regular polygon = (n-2 ) x 180

= (36 2) x 180

= 34 x 180

= 6120

Each angle of the regular polygon = 6120 / 36

= 170

Try This:-

One angle of a regular polygon is 144. How many sides does it have ?

Below given are the pictures of regular polygons .

REGULAR POLYGONS

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THANK YOU

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