Circle

Geometry II
Grade 11
CAPS
Mathematics
Series
 Outcomes for this Topic
In this Topic we will :

• Investigate and prove theorems that are

linked to cyclic quadrilaterals
and solve related riders. Unit 1

• Investigate and prove theorems that are

linked to tangents of circles and
solve related riders. Unit 2
 Unit 1

Theorems
On Grade 11
Cyclic CAPS
Mathematics
Quadrilaterals Series
 Outcomes for Unit 1
In this Unit section we will :
• Recap the terminology linked quadrilaterals and cyclic quadrilaterals.
• Investigate and prove that : The sum of the opposite angles
of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to 180. (Theorem 1)
• Prove that : If the sum of the two opposite angles of a
quadrilateral is equal to 180, its vertices are concyclic.
(Converse of Theorem 1)
• Investigate and prove that : The exterior angle of a cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to opposite interior angle. (Theorem 2)
• Prove that : If the exterior angle of a quadrilateral is equal
to its to opposite interior angle, the quadrilateral is cyclic.
(Converse of Theorem 2)
• Solve riders related to Theorems 1, 2 and its converses.
Quadrilateral Terminology (Undefined terms)
Any four sided polygon is a quadrilateral.

1,  2, 3 and  4 are the interior angles

of quadrilateral ABCD.
Know that : 1   2  3   4  360

5,  6,  7 and 8 are the exterior angles

of quadrilateral ABCD.
Know that : 5   6   7  8  360

Points lying on a circle are concyclic.

A quadrilateral having its vertices on a circle
is called a cyclic quadrilateral.
Revisit Theorem 5 (Video Lesson : Circle Geometry 1)
Inscribed angles on the same side of a chord are equal.
Theorem 5 can be reformulated :
1. Inscribed angles on the same side of a chord are equal (original).
2. Inscibed angles on a chord in the same segment are equal.
3. A, B, C and D concyclic  ADB  ACB.
4. ABCD a cyclic quadrilateral  ADB  ACB.

Converse of Theorem 5 (Proved in next slide) :

Consider version  4  of Theorem 5 in formulation of converse :

Quadrilateral ABCD with ADB  ACB  A, B, C and D are concyclic or
Quadrilateral ABCD with ADB  ACB  ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral or
If the line segment joining two points subtends equal angles at two other points
on the same side of it, the four points must be concyclic.
 Converse Theorem : If line segment joining two points subtends equal angles
at two other points on the same side of it, the four points must be concyclic.

Given : BC subtending equal  s BDC and BAC at

D and A on the same side of BC.
Aim is to prove that : A, B, C , and D are a concyclic.
Construction : Draw DBC and assume that A  DBC.
Let DBC cut BA at M and draw MC.
Proof :
Proof Not Examinable
Assume that M  DBC and A  DBC 1
 1  BDC  inscribed  s on BC   Ext.  1 of AMC  int. opp. A
This is a contradiction because  1 of AMC  A  ACM   1  A
 Assumption 1 is incorrect and thus A, B, C and D are concyclic.
Combining Theorem 5 and its Converse we have :
A quadrilateral ABCD has BAC  BDC  ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral
 Investigation : Sum of opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to 180 (or supplementary).

Suggested Conclusion :

 GeoGebra for more

such investigations!

A  C  180
Conjecture 1 : Cyclic quadrilateral ABCD  
B  D  180
 Theorem : Sum of opposite angles of a cyclic
quadrilateral is equal to 180 (or supplementary).
Given : Any O with cyclic quadrilateral ABCD.
A  C  180
Aim is to prove that : 
B  D  180
Construction : Draw DO and BO
Proof :
 1  2C  central   2  inscribed  
 2  2A  central   2  inscribed   Proof Examinable
 2A  2C   2  1  360  s

round a point  A  C  180

But  A  C    B  D   360   s
of a quadrilateral 
 B  D  180  A  C  180 
A  C  180
Theorem 1 : Cyclic quadrilateral ABCD  
B  D  180
 Theorem : If the sum of the two opposite angles of a
quadrilateral is equal to 180 its vertices are concyclic.
Given : Any quadrilateral ABCD having B  D  180.
Aim is to prove that : ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Construction : Draw ABC and assume that D  ABC.
Let ABC cut AD at M and draw MC.
Proof : Assume that M  ABC and D  ABC 1
 1  B  180  A, B, C and M are concyclic  but D  B  180
 given 
  1  D which is impossible   1  D  MCD   1  D 
 Assumption in 1 was incorrect  M must fall on D  ABC passes throug D
Converse of Theorem 1 :
Quadrilateral with opposite angles supplementary  Quadrilateral is cyclic
Combining Theorem 1 and its Converse we have : Proof Not Examinable
Quadrilateral is cyclic  sum of opposite angles of quadrilateral is 180
Investigation : The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral
is equal to the interior opposite angle.

GeoGebra for more

such investigations.

From investigations we make the conjecture:

Exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral
seems to be equal to opposite interior angle.
 Theorem : The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral
is equal to the interior opposite angle.
Given : Cyclic quadrilateral ABCD and
AE with B  AE.
Aim is to prove that : Exterior CBE
 interior opposite CDA
Proof :
 1   2  180  sum of int. opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
CBE   2  180  ABE  straight   Proof Not Examinable

  1   2  CBE   2   1  CDA  CBE

Theorem 2 :
Quadrilateral cyclic  exterior   interior opposite 
Theorem : If the exterior angle of a quadrilateral is equal
to its interior opposite angle, the quadrilateral is cyclic.
Given : Quadrilateral ABCD having DC drawn
with E  DC and BCE  DAB.
Aim is to prove that : ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
Proof :
BCE   1  180  DCE  straight  
 DAB   1  180  given: BCE  DAB 
or  2   1  180

 Quadrilateral ABCD is cyclic sum of opp.  s  180 
Converse of Theorem 2 : Proof Not Examinable

 exterior   interior opposite    Quadrilateral cyclic

Combining Theorem 2 and its Converse we have :
A quadrilateral is cyclic  Exterior angle is equal to opposite interior angle
Sufficient conditions for a quadrilateral to be cyclic

1. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral if we can prove that :

BAC  BDC  s
on chord BC 
or similar results linked to chords AB, AD and DC

2. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral if we can prove that :

A  C  180  Opposite angles supplementary 
or B  D  180

3. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral if we can prove that :

DCE  A  Ext.   Opp. int.  
or similar results linked to B, C , D and
their respective opp. ext. angles.
 Riders mainly linked to Theorem 1 and its converse
Theorem 1 and its Converse : Find the value of each letter in the riders.
Quadrilateral is cyclic  sum of opposite angles of quadrilateral is 180

Rider 3
Rider 1 Rider 2 e  180   60  70   50
130 5c  3d  180
a
2
 65
 Opp.  s
of cyclic quad.
Sum of  s
in  
 1   c  36 f  70  180  f  110
  at circum   at centre 
 2 
and d  60  opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
b  180  a  180  65  115  g  60    e  35   180  g  180  60  50  35
 Opp.  s
of cyclic quad.   opp.  s
of cyclic quad.   35
 Riders linked to mainly Theorem 2 and its converse
Theorem 2 and its Converse : Find the value of each letter in the riders.
A quadrilateral is cyclic  Exterior angle is equal to opposite interior angle

Rider 1
a  85
Rider 2 Rider 3
 ext. 
 opp. int.  
f  113
d  88
b  180  a  95
 ext.   opp. int.    ext.   opp. int.  
 co-int.   s

c  180  b  85 e  180  67  113 g  92

 opp.  of cyclic quad.  opp.    ext.   opp. int.  

s
s of cyclic quad.
Tutorial 1: Find the value of the letters (angles) in each of the following riders

PAUSE Unit

• Do Tutorial 1
• Then View
Solutions
Tutorial 1: Riders 1 and 2: Suggested Solutions
Determine the values of the angles represented by the letters.

6a  180  Opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
 a  30
b  2a   at centre  2 at circum 
 b  60

4c  180  Opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
 c  45

4d  80  180  Opp.  s

of cyclic quad. 
 4d  100
 d  25
Tutorial 1: Riders 3 and 4: Suggested Solutions
Determine the values of the angles represented by the letters.
 1  180  70  Opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
  1  110
e   2  180  110  70  sum of  s in  
But e   2  35  base  s
of isosceles  

f  1  ext.   opp. int.  

But  1  85  180  co-interior  s


  1  180  85  95
 f   1  95
 Tutorial 1: Rider 5: Suggested Solution

Determine the values of the angles represented by the letters.

g  88  ext.   opp. int.  

g  h  180  co-interior  s

 h  180  g  180  88  92

i  180  h  Opp.  s of cyclic quad. 

 i  180  92  88

Can you see an alternative method to find i ?

 Tutorial 1: Rider 6: Suggested Solution
Determine the values of the angles represented by the letters.

Label angles
 1  72  ext.   opp. int.  
 2  90   in semi-circle 
 3k  alternate   s

 1    2  k   180  co-interior  s

 k  180    1   2   180   72  90   18
 2  k  90  18  108
  3  j  180    2  k   Opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
 j  180  108  18  k   3  18   j  54
Unit 2

Theorems Grade 11
On CAPS
Mathematics
Tangents Series
 Outcomes for Unit 2
In this Unit section we will :
• Recap the terminology and axioms linked to tangents.
• Investigate and prove (Theorem 3 and its converse) :
Line through a point on a circle is a tangent to the circle ⇔ line is perpendicular to the radius.
• Prove the following corollaries linked to theorem 3 and its converse :
1. Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
2. The bisector of the angle between the two tangents passes through the centre of the circle.
3. The line segment joining the centres of two circles cutting each other is the perpendicular
bisector of the common chord.
• Investigate and prove (Theorem 4) :
The bisectors of the interior angles of a triangle are concurrent.
• Investigate and discuss inscribed circle and escribed circles of a given triangle.
• Investigate and prove (Theorem 5 and its converse) :
A line is a tangent to a circle 
Angle formed between a line, that is drawn through the end point of a chord and the chord,
is equal to the angle subtended by the chord in the alternate segment.
• Solve riders related to Theorems 3, 4 and 5 and its converses.
 Terminology linked to tangents
AB is a secant line as it cuts O in two points A and B.

If B approaches A until it may be considered

to coincide with A, the secant is a tangent to
the at the point of coincidence.

The point of coincidence is called the

point of contact.

We may say:
A tangent is a line (line segment) which
has only one point in common with the .
Shortest distance from a point to a line
Axiom:
1. The perpendicular is the shortest
line segment from a point to a line.
2. Conversely, the shortest line segment
from a point to a line is the perpendicular.
 Investigation : If a line through a point on a is a tangent
to the , then the line is perpendicular to the radius.

AB

OA  AB

GeoGebra for more

such investigations.

From investigations we make the conjecture:

If a line through a point on a is a tangent to the
then the line is perpendicular to the radius.
 Theorem : If a line through a point on a is a tangent
to the then the line is perpendicular to the radius.

Given : AB is a tangent O with P the point of contact.

Aim is to prove that : AB  OP.
Construction : Draw OT with T  AB
Proof :
T lies outside O  P is contact point 

 OP  OT  OP is the radius of O Proof Not Examinable

 OP is the shortest of all segments drawn from O to AB.

 OP  AB  Perpendicular is shortest distance between a point and line 

Theorem 3 :
If line through a point on a is a tangent to the
then the line is perpendicular to the radius.
 Theorem : A line drawn through any point of a circle
perpendicular to the radius of the is a tangent to the .
Given : O and P any point on this circle.
P  AB with OP  AB.
Aim is to prove that : AB is a tangent to O at P.
Construction : Draw OT with T  AB

Proof : AB  PO  given 
 OT  OP  OP is shortest distance from O to AB 
 OT  radius of O  T lies outside O Proof Not Examinable

 Any point on AB, except P, lies outside O  AB is a tangent to O

Converse of Theorem 3 : A line drawn through any point of a
circle perpendicular to the radius of the is a tangent to the .
Combining Theorem 3 and its converse :
Line through a point on a circle is a tangent to the circle ⇔ line is perpendicular to the radius.
 Corollories linked to Theorem 3 and its converse.
Corollory 1: Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
AP and BP tangents to O
 AP  BP
Corollory 2: The bisector of the angle between the two tangents
passes through the centre of the circle.

PC bisects APB
 O  PC

Corollary 3 : The line segment joining the centres of two circles cutting each
other is the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.

O and P with common chord AB

 OP  AB and AC  BC
 Proof of Corollary 1.
Corollory 1: Tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Given : AP and BP tangents to O

Aim is to prove that : AP  BP

Proof : In  s OAP and OBP,

AO  BO  radii 
OP  OP  common 
OAP  OBP  tangent  radius 
Proof Not Examinable
AOP  BOP  90 , s, s   AP  BP
  AP and BP tangents to O    AP  BP 
 Proof of Corollary 2.
Corollory 2: The bisector of the angle between the two tangents
passes through the centre of the circle.
Given: PC bisects APB
Aim is to prove that: O  PC

Proof : Assume that O  PC

Thus we assume that PO
is not a bisector of APB.
Proof Not Examinable
 AO  BO  radii 

OAP  OBP OP  OP  common 

OAP  OBP  tangent  radius 
 APO  BPO  PO also bisects APB  O  PC
 AP and BP tangents to O and PC bisect APB   O  PC
 Proof of Corollary 3.
Corollary 3 : The line segment joining the centres of two circles cutting each
other is the perpendicular bisector of the common chord.
Given: O and P with common chord AB
Proof Not Examinable
Aim to prove that: OP  AB and AC  BC
Proof : In  s ACP and BCP,
AP  BP  proved 
PC  PC  common 
APC  BPC  OAP  OBP 

 ACP  BCP  s , , s 
  O and P with common chord AB 
ACP  BCP  90
  AB  OP and AC  BC  
 AC  BC
Investigation :
The bisectors of the interior angles of a triangle are concurrent.

GeoGebra for more such investigations. Not in CAPS Syllabus

From investigations we make the conjecture:

The bisectors of the three interior angles of any triangle
are concurrent ( or intersect in a common point).
 Theorem : The bisectors of the interior angles of
a triangle are concurrent.
Given : Any ABC.
Aim is to prove that : Bisectors of the angles are concurrent.
Construction : Draw BO and AO the bisectors of B and A meeting in O.
Draw OC and perpendiculars OD, OE and OF to AB, AC and BC respectively.

Proof :
BDO  BFO  , , s   OD  OF
ADO  AEO  , , s   OD  OE
 OF  OD  OE
CEO  CFO  90  construction 

In CEO and CFO: OC  OC  common 
  CEO  CFO  s, s,90 
OE  OF  proved  Not in CAPS Syllabus
 ECO  FCO  CO is a angle bisector of C meeting other two angle bisectors in O.
Theorem 4 : The bisectors of the interior angles of a triangle are concurrent.
Construction : Inscribed circle of a given triangle.
Drop a perpendicular to any of
Bisect any two angles and
the three sides to determine the
determine the in-centre O.
radius of the inscribed r  OD.

Not in CAPS Syllabus

With O as centre and OD

AB, AC and BC are tangents
as radius draw inscribed .
r  OE  OD  OF
Construction : Escribed circles of a given triangle.

Bisect any two of indicated angles to determine the centre.

Drop perpendicular to determine the radius r  OF .
Draw escribed circle (Take note of three tangents).

Three possibilities.
Sketches of other two left as an exercise.
Take note of tangents in each case.
Not in CAPS Syllabus
 Example 1: Lengths of tangents and inscribed circles.
The inscribed O touches AB, BC and AC of ABC at D, F and E respectively.
Not in CAPS Syllabus
1. If AB  8 units, BC  12 units and AC  9 units
determine the lengths of AD, BF and CF .
AD  AE , CE  CF and BD  BF
 Tangents from exterior points are equal 
AD  BD  8  AD  BF  8 1 2  1  CF  BF  1 4
AE  EC  9  AD  CF  9 2 3  4  2CF  13  CF  6.5
and CF  BF  12 3
Check correctness :
Back substitution  AB  AD  DB  2.5  5.5  8

 BF  12  CF  12  6.5  5.5  AC  AE  EC  2.5  6.5  9
  BC  BF  FC  5.5  6.5  12
 AD  8  BF  8  5.5  2.5 
 Example 2 : Lengths of tangents and inscribed circles.
The inscribed O touches AB, BC and AC of ABC at D, F and E respectively.
Assume that AB  c, AC  b and BC  a.
Not in CAPS Syllabus
abc
2. If S  prove that AD  S  a.
2
AD  AE , CE  CF and BD  BF
 Tangents from exterior points are equal 
Perimeter of ABC a  b  c
S   Perimeter of ABC  2 S
2 2
2 S   AD  AE    BD  BF    CE  CF 
 2 S  2 AD  2 BF  2CF  AD  AE; BD  BF ; CE  CF 
 S  AD  BF  CF
 S  AD  BF  CF  AD   BF  CF   AD  a  AD  S  a
 Example 3 : Lengths of tangents and inscribed circles.
The inscribed O touches AB, BC and AC of ABC at D, F and E respectively.
Assume that AB  c, AC  b and BC  a.

abc
3. If S  prove that area of ABC  rS .
2

area of ABC
Not in CAPS Syllabus  areas of  BOC  AOC  AOB 

ar br cr
  
2 2 2

abc
  r  rS
2
 Tutorial 2: Tangents, Inscribed and Escribed circles
1. The sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangents to O.
Prove that AB  CD  AD  BC.

2. O is the centre of the inscribed circle of ABC.

The circle touches AB, BC and CA at P, Q and R
respectively. OP, OQ and OR are drawn.
PAUSE Topic
2.1 Make a rough sketch.
B  C • Do Tutorial 2
2.2 Prove that PQR  . • Then View Solutions
2

3. DEF is an escribed circle of ABC with radius r.

If 2 S  a  b  c, prove that:
3.1 AD  AF  S .
3.2 CE  S  b and
3.3 area of ABC  r  S  a  .
 Tutorial 2: Problem 1: Suggested Solution
1. The sides of a quadrilateral ABCD are tangents to O.
Prove that AB  CD  AD  BC.

Proof :
AB  CD
  AE  EB    DG  CG 

  AH  BF    HD  CF   from known results - see figure 

 commutative & associative 

  AH  HD    BF  CF   
 properties for addition 

 AD  BC
 Tutorial 2: Problem 2: Suggested Solution
2. O is the centre of the incircle of ABC.
The circle touches AB, BC and CA at P, Q and R
respectively. OP, OQ and OR are drawn.
 2.1 Make a rough sketch. Not in CAPS Syllabus
B  C
 2.2  Prove that PQR  .
2


POQB is a cyclic quadrilateral Opp.  s supplementary 
 PQR  PQO  OQR
 POQ  180  B  Opp.  s
of cyclic quad. 
B C
 

 PQO  QPO  180  POQ Sum of  in OPQ s
2 2 
B
 2PQO  180  180  B   OP  OQ   PQO 
2
C
Similarily because ROQC is a cyclic quad. OQR 
2
 Tutorial 2: Problem 3.1: Suggested Solution

3.1 DEF is an escribed circle of ABC with radius r.

If 2 S  a  b  c, prove that AD  AF  S .

AD  AF , BD  BE and CE  CF
 Tangents from exterior points are equal 
2 AD  2 AF  AD  AF  AD  AF 
 2 AD  2 AF   AB  BD    AC  CF  Not in CAPS Syllabus

 2 AD  2 AF   AB  BE    AC  EC   BD  BE; CF  EC 
 2 AD  2 AF  AB  AC   BE  EC  abc
 AD  AF  S
 AB  AC  BC  c  b  a 2
 Tutorial 2: Problem 3.2: Suggested Solution
3.2 DEF is an escribed circle of ABC with radius r.
If 2 S  a  b  c, prove that CE  S  b.

Proof :
AF  AC  CF
 AC  EC  CF  EC 

 EC  AF  AC
Proved in  3.1 that AF  S .
Not in CAPS Syllabus
 EC  AF  AC
 S  b  AC  b 
 Tutorial 2: Problem 3.3: Suggested Solution

3.3 DEF is an escribed circle of ABC with radius r.

If 2 S  a  b  c, prove that area of ABC  r  S  a  .

area BDO  area BEO  BD  BE and h  r 

2S  a  b  c
area CEO  area CFO  EC  CF and h  r 
 b  c  2 S  a ... 1
area DAO  area FAO  AD  AF and h  r 

area ABC
 2 area ADO  2 area BDO  2 area CEO
 AD  r  BD  r  CF  r
 r  AD  BD  CF 
 r  AB  BD  BD  CF 
Not in CAPS Syllabus
 r  AB  CE 
 r  c  S  b  (CE  CF ; AF  S ) From 1 : r  2 S  a  S   r  S  a 
 Investigate : The angle between a tangent and a chord, drawn
at the point of contact of the chord, is equal to the inscribed
angle which the chord subtends in the alternative segment.

From investigations we make the conjecture:

If a line is a tangent to a circle then the angle between a chord
and the tangent, drawn at the point of contact of the chord, is equal
to the inscribed angle which the chord subtends in the alternate segment.
Theorem : Angle between tangent and chord is equal to the inscribed
angles which the chord subtends in alternate segment.
Given : Any O with chord BD and
tangent AC with point of contact B.
Aim is to prove that : DBC  F and
ABD  M .
Construction : Draw diameter BE and DE.
Proof :
ABD  DBC  180  ABC  180 
EDB  90  angle in a semicircle 
 E   1  90  sum  s in a  
F  M  180  FBMD is a cyclic quad.
 ABD  180  DBC
DBC   1  90
 180  F  DBC  F 
 BC tangent and OB radius   M
DBC  E  F  inscribed  s on chord BD  Examinable in CAPS Syllabus
Theorem 5 : Angle between tangent and chord is equal to the inscribed angles
which the chord subtends in alternate segment.
Converse Theorem : If the angle formed between a line, that is drawn
through the endpoint of a chord, and the chord, is equal to the angle subtended
by the chord in the alternate segment, then the line is a tangent to the circle.

Given : ABC and chord AB such that

TAB  ACB in alternate arc.
Aim is to prove that : AT is a tangent to ABC at A.
Construction : Draw a tangent AE at A.

Proof : Proof Not Examinable

 angle between tangent AE and chord AB 

ACB  EAB  
  inscribed  in alternate arc 
But ACB  TAB  Given  This is only possible if AE and AT coincide.
 EAB  TAB  AT is a tangent to ABC at A.
Converse of Theorem 5 : If the angle formed between a line, that is drawn
through the endpoint of a chord, and the chord, is equal to the angle subtended
by the chord in the alternate segment, then the line is a tangent to the circle.
Sufficient condition for a line (segment) to a circle to be a tangent.

1. If BA  OA
then BA is a tangent to O.

2. If CBD  A or ABE  C
then ED is a tangent to ABC.
 Riders linked to Tangents
Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the riders.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

f  80
5a  90 d  90  angle between tangent & chord 
 radius  tangent   angle in semi-circle   
 equal to angle in opp. segment 
 
   sum  180  b  40 g  f  80
90  angle between tangent & chord   isosceles  
a   18  equal to angle in opp. segment 
5   e  180   g  f 
c  90  40  50    sum  180 
 radius  tangent or   sum  180   e  180  160  20
 More Riders linked to Tangents
Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the riders.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

i  48 k  30 q  70

  tangent & chord    chord & tangent   1 

  at circum.   at centre 
     in opp. segment   2 
   in opp. segment   
n  q  70
j  180  2  48  84 l  30
  chord & tangent 
 angles in isosceles    angles on same chord   
m  90  l  60    in opp. segment 
h  j  84
 angle in semi-circle  p  90  q  20
  tangent & chord 
 

   in opp. segment

  and   sum  180    alt.  s and radius  tangent 
 Tutorial 3: Riders linked to Tangents
Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the riders.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

PAUSE Unit

• Do Tutorial 3
• Then View Solutions
 Tutorial 3: Rider 1: Suggested Solution

Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the rider.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

a  65
 tangent & chord   in opp. segment 

b  55
 tangent & chord   in opp. segment 
 Tutorial 3: Rider 2: Suggested Solution

Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the rider.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

d  e  38
  tangent & chord   in opp. segment 
 
 Note: d and e angles on same chord 

c  90  38  52

 radius  tangent 
 Tutorial 3: Rider 3: Suggested Solution

Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the rider.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

 1 4 f
 tangent & chord   in opp. segment 
1
 2  alt.  1  4 f
2  parallel line segments 
 4 f  10 f  4 f  180
 2  10 f  4 f  180  18 f  180
 straight angle   f  10
 Tutorial 3: Rider 4: Suggested Solution
Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the rider.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

h  50
 tangent & chord   in opp. segment 

1
 1  2h  100
  at centre  2   at circum.
180   1
g
2
 isosceles   180  100
  g  40
   sum  180   2
 Tutorial 3: Rider 5: Suggested Solution
Find the value of the angles indicated by each letter in the rider.
Where applicable O is the centre of the circle and AB a tangent.

k  40
 tangent & chord   in opp. segment 

j  40  60  100

 tangent & chord   in opp. segment 

i  180  j
 opp.  s in cyclic quad. supplementary 
 i  180  100  80
 End of the Second Topic Slides on Circle
Geometry
REMEMBER!
• Consult text-books and past exam papers and
memos for additional examples.
• Attempt as many as possible other similar examples
on your own.
• Compare your methods with those that were
discussed in these Topic slides.
• Repeat this procedure until you are confident.

• Do not forget: Practice makes perfect!