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Introduction - Lines
 A line does not have any endpoints. It has an infinite length.

 A line segment is a segment of a line, or in other words, we

can say that a line segment is a line with two endpoints.
 For example, The diagram shows a line L and one segment
of this line is AB.
 In a plane, there can be many lines or line segments.
 And, these lines can be divided into a few types based on
the relative positioning of a line with another line.

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Types of lines
1. Intersecting Lines

Two lines are intersecting lines if they meet each other at a common point.
For example, L1 and L2 are intersecting lines in the below diagram

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Types of lines
2. Parallel Lines

A pair of lines are parallel if they never intersect.

For example, L1, L2, and L3 are parallel lines in the below diagram.

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Types of lines
3. Transversal Line

A transversal line cuts two or more lines at distinct points.

For example, Line L3 is the transversal line in the below diagram.

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Introduction - Angles
An angle is formed when two lines intersect each other. We represent an
angle by the symbol ∠.
An angle involves two legs and one common vertex at which two lines meet.

For example, ∠AOD is formed when lines AB and CD intersect with each
other.
Also, ∠AOD is formed between the leg AO and OD, so we include A, O, and
D while naming the angle.

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Measurement of an Angle

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General terminology
If there is a right angle between two lines, then the two lines are said to be
perpendicular to each other.

A straight line has an angle of 180 degrees.

A complete angle has a measure of 360 degrees.

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Angles formed between two
intersecting lines
Vertically Opposite Angles

When two lines intersect each other, then 4 angles are formed.
And, the angles that are opposite to each other at the intersection point are
known as vertically opposite angles.
Vertically opposite angles are always equal.

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Angles formed by a transversal
line

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When a transversal line intersects two lines, then eight angles are formed as
shown.

(∠1, ∠3), (∠2, ∠4), (∠5, ∠7), and (∠6, ∠8) are all vertically opposite
angles.

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Interior and Exterior Angles

Interior angles are the ones that are present inside the region between two lines.
And, exterior angles are the ones that are not present inside this region.
For example:
∠2, ∠3, ∠5, and ∠8 are interior angles.
And, ∠1, ∠4, ∠6, and ∠7 are exterior angles.

Corresponding
Angles
Two angles are said to be
corresponding angles if they lie on the
same side of the transversal line such
that:

One angle is an interior angle, and

Another is an exterior angle
For example:
(∠4, ∠8), (∠3, ∠7), (∠1, ∠5), and
(∠2, ∠6) are 4 pairs of corresponding
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Alternate interior angles

Two interior angles, present on the opposite side of a transversal line, are
called alternate interior angles.

For example:
(∠2, ∠8) and (∠3, ∠5) are alternate interior angles.

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Alternate exterior angles

Two exterior angles that are present on the opposite side of the transversal line
are called alternate exterior angles.

For example: (∠1, ∠7) and (∠4, ∠6) are alternate exterior angles.

If a transversal line intersects two parallel lines, then the corresponding

angles, alternate interior angles, and alternate exterior angles are equal.

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Properties of Angles
Sum of angles on one side of a straight line

The sum of all the angles on one side of a straight line is always 180 degrees.
For example, The sum of ∠1, ∠2, and ∠3 is 180 degrees.

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Sum of angles around a point

The sum of all the angles around a point is always 360 degrees.

For example, Sum of angles (∠1, ∠2, and ∠3) around point O is 360 degrees.

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 Practice Questions

1. An angle which is greater than 180° but less than 360° is called:

A.Acute angle
B.Obtuse angle
C.Adjacent angle
D.Reflex angle

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Two straight lines AB and CD cut each other at O. If ∠BOD = 63°, then
∠BOC is :

A.63°
B.117°
C.17°
D.153°

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The straight lines AD and BC intersect one another at the point O. If ∠AOB
+ ∠BOD + ∠DOC = 274°, then ∠AOC is :

A. 86°
B. 90°
C. 94°
D. 137°

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In the given figure, AOB is a straight line. If ∠AOC + ∠BOD = 85°, then ∠COD is :

A. 85°
B. 90°
C. 95°
D. 100°

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In the given figure, if AOB is a straight line, then the value of x is :

A. 90°
B. 45°
C. 22.5°
D. 150°

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In the given figure, the value of x, that would make POQ a straight line, is :

A. 50°
B. 44°
C. 34°
D. 33°

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If two angles are complementary of each other, then each angle is :

A. An obtuse angle
B. A right angle
C. An acute angle
D. A supplementary angle

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In the given figure, if AB || CD, then ∠FXE is equal to :
 
A. 30°
B. 50°
C. 70°
D. 80°

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In the given figure AB || CD, ∠A = 128°, ∠E = 144°. Then, ∠FCD is equal to :
 
A. 72°
B. 64°
C. 136°
D. 92°

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In the trapezium PQRS, QR || PS, ∠Q = 90°, PQ = QR and ∠PRS = 20°. If
∠TSR = θ, then the value of θ is :
 
A. 75°
B. 55°
C. 65°
D. 45°

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In the adjoining figure, ∠ABC = 100°, ∠EDC = 120° and AB || DE. Then,
∠BCD is equal to :
 
A. 80°
B. 60°
C. 40°
D. 20°

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In the given figure, AB || CD, ∠ABO = 40° and ∠CDO = 30°. If ∠DOB = x°,
then the value of x is :

A. 35°
B. 110°
C. 70°
D. 140°

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In the given figure, AB || CD, ∠ABF = 45° and ∠CFD = 110°. Then, ∠FDC is :
 
A. 25°
B. 45°
C. 35°
D. 30°

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In the given figure, line CE is drawn parallel to DB. If ∠BAD = 110°, ∠ABD =
30°, ∠ADC = 75° and ∠BCD = 60°, then the value of x° is :
 
A. 45°
B. 75°
C. 85°
D. 120°

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If two supplementary angles differ by 44°, then one of the angle is :

A. 72° 
B. 102° 
C. 65° 
D. 68° 

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 Answer Key
Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer Q. No. Answer

1 D  2  B 3 A  4 C  5  B

6  C 7  C 8  D 9 D  10 C 

11 C  12 C  13 A  14 C  15  D

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