DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, BANGALORE NORTH

CHAPTER-5 UNDERSTANDING ELEMENTRY SHAPES

CLASS WORK NOTES

Measuring Line segments

A line segment is a fixed portion of a line. The length of a line
segment can be measured because it has two endpoints.

                                                          

We can measure a line segment by two ways:
o With the help of scale or ruler only.
o With the help of a pair of dividers and a scale or ruler.

Definition Of Revolution

One complete turn or a rotation of 360° is known as Revolution.

Example of Revolution
 The revolution starts at 0° and completes one full rotation when it reaches 360

 One right angle is equal to 90degrees or ¼ revolution.

 Two right angles is equal to 180 degrees or ½ revolution.
 Three right angles is equal to 270 degrees or ¾ revolution.
 Four right angles is equal to 360 degrees or 1 revolution or complete
angle.
 • Types of Angles
The amount of rotation about the point of intersection of two planes (or lines)
is called angle.
Acute angle:

An angle whose measure is less than 90 degrees. The following is an acute

angle.

ADVERTISING
Right angle:

An angle whose measure is 90 degrees. The following is a right angle.

Obtuse angle:

An angle whose measure is bigger than 90 degrees but less than 180
degrees. Thus, it is between 90 degrees and 180 degrees. The following is
an obtuse angle.
Straight angle

An angle whose measure is 180 degrees.Thus, a straight angle look like a

straight line. The following is a straight angle.

Reflex angle:

An angle whose measure is bigger than 180 degrees but less than 360
degrees. The following is a reflex angle.

Complete Angle:

An angle whose measure is equal to 360° is called a complete angle.

The PROTRACTOR

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spAqnu-FABw

Measuring angle:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFgPP09N_f8

1. Degree is the unit of measuring Angles.

2. We use protractor to measure angles.
3. The magnitude or measure of the angles is the measure of the rotation.
Rotation or more, the angle is larger.

• How to draw angles using Protractor?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg8UJpqZU4Q

Comparing angles:
1. By observation.
2. By tracing.
3. By compass.

Ex 5.4 page 97-99

 • CW - Q1, 2, 4, 7, 9 in textbook.
• HW - Q3, 5, 6, 8, 10 in textbook.
• CW - Q11 in textbook page 99

Perpendicular lines:

When two lines intersect and the angle between

them is a Right angle, then the lines are said to be
Perpendicular.
AB is perpendicular to XY.
When a line divides the other line by intersecting it at
Right angle, its called perpendicular bisector.
AB is also a perpendicular bisector of XY.
The angle formed by both the lines is 90°.
Ex. 5.5 Q1, Q2, Q4 in textbook.
Q3 as HW in notebook.

CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES: based on sides and angles

EQUIANGULAR TRIANGLE: -

The 3 angles of an Equiangular triangle are equal.

The sum of angles of triangle is 180°.
Each of the 3 angles of a equiangular triangle is equal to
60°.
Its also Equilateral. Hence in ΔABC
˂A = ˂B = ˂C = 60° and AB = BC = CA.

ISOSCELES TRIANGLE
When two angles of a Triangle are of Equal
Magnitude: When two angles of a triangle are of
equal
magnitude, the two sides opposite to these angles
are also equal.
The triangle is called An Isosceles.
˂B=˂C therefore AC = AB
Or if AC = AB therefore ˂B = ˂ C

SCALENE TRIANGLE
A triangle with all sides of different lengths.

All angles are different, too.

So no sides are equal and no angles are

equal.

Internal Angles can be acute, obtuse or right

angle.

Do this page 102 in notebooks.

Ex. 5.6
• Q1 and 2 as CW in textbook
• Q3 as HW in textbook
• Q4 as HW activity on A4 size paper
QUADRILATERALS:
A quadrilateral is a closed figure bounded by four line segments. It can also be
defined as a four-sided polygon. It has four sides, four vertices and four angles.
Below figures shows some quadrilaterals.

Z R
Y
s
W
Q
P

Types of QUADRILATERALS https://youtu.be/7UfYgKrd7ac

Parallelogram:
Parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite sides are
parallel.

Properties of a parallelogram:
1. Opposite sides are parallel and equal
AB ǁ CD and AD ǁ CB
AB = CD and AD =CB
2. Opposite angles are equal
A= D and B= D
3. Diagonals bisect each other
BE = ED and CE = EA

Rectangle:
A rectangle is a Parallelogram in which each angle is a right angle.

Properties of a rectangle:
 1. Opposite sides are parallel and equal
AB ǁ CD and AD ǁ CB
AB = CD and AD = CB
2. Each angle is a right angle
A= D= B= D = 90°
3. Diagonals are equal and bisect each other
AC = BD
BO = OD and AO = OC

Rhombus:
A parallelogram in which all the four sides are equal.
Properties of a Rhombus:
1. All sides are equal
AB = BC = CD = DA
2. Opposite sides are parallel
AB ǁ CD and AD ǁ CB
3. Opposite angles are equal
A= D and B= D
4. Diagonals bisect each other at right angles
BI = ID and CI = IA
CIB = BIA = AIB = DIC = 90°

Square:
A square is a rectangle with all the four sides equal. In other words,
it is a rhombus with each angle equal to 90°
Properties of a square:
O
1. All four sides are equal
AB = BC = CD = DA
2. Opposite sides are parallel
AB ǁ CD and AD ǁ CB
3. Each angle is a right angles
A= D= B= D = 90°
4. Diagonals are equal
AC = BD
 5. Diagonals bisect each other at right angles
BO = OD and CO = OA
COB = BOA = AOB = DOC = 90°

Trapezium:
A quadrilateral in which only one pair of opposite sides are parallel.
None of the angles are equal.
A trapezium whose non-parallel sides are equal is called an isosceles trapezium

Kite:
A kite is a quadrilateral that has 2 pairs of adjacent sides
are equal. It has 2 diagonals that intersect each other at
right angles.
KJ = KL
JM = LM
KOJ = KOL= JOM= LOM=90°

Complete the table given in P.no.106-CW

EXERCISE 5.7
Q1 – In Text book
Q2 - a, b, c, e - CW
d- HW
Q3 - CW
Polygons
A polygon is a closed figure formed by connecting three or more straight line
segments end to end. There will be no curves as part of a polygon.

Polygons are named according to the number of sides. The names of the most
common polygons are given below

Note: If the sides and angles of a polygon are equal then such a polygon is
called a regular polygon. An equilateral triangle, a square, a regular
pentagon, a regular hexagon are few examples of regular polygons

Exercise 5.8
Q1, Q2 – In textbook
Q3, Q4 – CW
Q5 – HW
Three Dimensional Shapes
https://youtu.be/BaIp-zph4C8

Solid: An object that has a fixed shape and size is called a solid. A solid
occupies a fixed amount of space(volume). Solid occur in different shapes.
There are two general types of solids – solids which have regular shape and
solids which have irregular shapes.
These shapes are known as three-
dimensional shapes.
• Every three-dimensional shape has
three dimensions that can be
measured:
length, height and breadth
Elements of 3-D Shapes
• The three main elements of a three-
dimensional shape are its face, edge and vertex.
• Each surface of a 3-D shape is called a face.
• The line segment where two faces of a 3-D shape meet is called an edge.
• The point where edges of a 3-D shape meet is called a vertex or a corner.
(Note ‘Vertices’ is the plural form of ‘vertex’)

Polyhedron:
A three-dimensional shape whose faces are polygons is known as a
Polyhedron. Its faces are flat and not curved at all.
Prism:
A prism is a polyhedron in which two of its faces (Known as the bases) are
parallel and congruent polygons and all the other faces (known as lateral faces)
are Parallelograms.
Pyramid:
A pyramid is a polyhedron in which the base is a polygon and all the lateral
faces are triangles.
A pyramid is typically described by the shape of its base.

Types of Pyramids

NO.OF FACES, EDGES AND VERTICES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF PYRAMID

Chart of some 3-D shapes with number of edges, faces and vertices

https://youtu.be/QvN1QGgy16g
After watching the video in what way prism is different from
pyramid? Give reason in tabular column -HW

Complete Page No-110 in the

textbook
Exercise 5.9 (page no.111)
Q1 Q2-In textbook