How are the four-sided plane

figures called quadrilaterals

classified and applied to Filipino
craftsmanship?

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Quadrilateral Classification

- If a quadrilateral does not have any pair of

parallel sides, it is called a trapezium.

- If a quadrilateral has only one pair of parallel

lines, it is called trapezoid.

- If a quadrilateral has two pairs of parallel lines, it

is called a parallelogram

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 Quadrilaterals

Parallelogram Trapezoid Trapezium

Rectangle Rhombus

Square

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Parallelograms

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 A parallelogram is a quadrilateral which both pairs
of opposite sides parallel.

The figure above is a parallelogram with CA ll ER and CE ll

AR. It is named as CARE.
Two sides wit a common endpoint are called consecutive
or adjacent sides. Two nonadjacent sides are called
opposite sides. The pairs of opposite sides in CARE are
CA and ER, and CE and AR, A pair of consecutive sides is
CE and ER. Name the other pairs of consecutive sides.

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Two angles with a common side are called
consecutive or adjacent sides. Two nonadjacent
angles are called opposite angles. The pairs of
opposite angles in CARE are C and R, and E
and A. a pair of consecutive angles is E and R.
name the other pairs of consecutive angles.

A diagonal of a parallelogram is a segment joining

any two nonconsecutive vertices. In CARE, draw
line segment CR and EA. These are the diagonals of
the parallelogram.
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A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two
congruent triangles.
DRAG with diagonal DA
DRA ~ AGD

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Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.

Parallelogram DRAG with diagonals

DA and RG
DR ~ GA
DG ~ RA

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Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.

DRAG with diagonals DA and RG

1~ 2
3~ 4

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Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.

Parallelogram DRAG
D and G are supplementary
D and R are supplementary
R and A are supplementary
A and G are supplementary

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The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Parallelogram MNPQ with diagonals

MP and NQ
MR ~ PR
NR ~ QR

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SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES OF PARALLELOGRAMS

by Definition: quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides

- consecutive angles are supplementary

- opposite angles are congruent

- triangles formed by any diagonal are congruent

- opposite sides are congruent

- diagonals bisect each other

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If both pairs of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are
congruent, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
Quadrilateral ABCD
AB ~ DC
AD ~ BC

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If a pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are both parallel
and congruent, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
Quadrilateral PALM
PA ll ML
PA ~ ML

PALM is a
parallelogram

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If both pairs of opposite angles of a quadrilateral are
congruent, then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
If P ~ I and R ~ A, then PAIR
is a parallelogram.

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If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other
then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram
Quadrilateral RSTV
RT bisects ML
SV bisects RT

RSTV is a
parallelogram

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SUMMARY:
To prove that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram we must
show any of the following conditions:

- opposite sides are parallel

- a pair of opposite sides are congruent and parallel

- opposite sides are congruent

- opposite angles are congruent

- diagonals bisect each other

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 Rectangles, squares, and rhombuses are
special kinds of parallelogram. Since these are
parallelograms, they satisfy all the properties of a
parallelogram.
- A rectangle is a parallelogram with four right angles.
- A square is a rectangle with all sides congruent.
- A rhombus is a parallelogram with all sides congruent

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A parallelogram is a . . . . . . if we say satisfy one of the following

RECTANGLE one of the interior angles is a right angle

its diagonals are congruent

RHOMBUS a pair of adjacent congruent sides

diagonals are perpendicular

a diagonal bisect the opposite angles

SQUARE a rectangle with a pair of congruent adjacent sides

a rhombus with one right interior angle

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 The diagonals of a rectangle are congruent.

Rectangle XYZW with diagonals XZ and YW

XZ ~ YW

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The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.

DECS is a rhombus with diagonals DC and SE.

DC SE

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 Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects the two
opposite angles.
Rhombus SMRF with diagonal FM

FM bisects SFR and SMR

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SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL
PARALLELOGRAMS
Property Rectangle Rhombus Square
1. All the properties of a parallelogram

2. Equiangular

3. All interior angles are right angles

4. Equilateral

5. Congruent diagonals

6. Diagonals bisect each vertex angle

7. Perpendicular diagonal

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SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL
PARALLELOGRAMS
Property Rectangle Rhombus Square
1. All the properties of a parallelogram Yes Yes Yes

2. Equiangular Yes No Yes

3. All interior angles are right angles Yes No Yes

4. Equilateral No Yes Yes

5. Congruent diagonals Yes No Yes

6. Diagonals bisect each vertex angle No Yes Yes

7. Perpendicular diagonal No Yes Yes

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BEJO is a parallelogram

If BEJO is a rectangle, m EBO = 17x-12, find x.

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BEJO is a parallelogram

If BEJO is a square, m BOJ = 4x-6 and BO = 2x-8,

find JO.

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BEJO is a parallelogram

If BEJO is a rhombus, m BEO = 12x-2 and m JEO =

11x +3, find m EJB .

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BEJO is a parallelogram

If BEJO is a rectangle, BJ = 7x +2, EO = 6x + 5, find

NY.

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BEJO is a parallelogram

If BEJO is a rhombus, m EJB = 32, m JBO = 9x + 5,

find m BEO.

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A Trapezoids is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of
parallel sides. The two parallel sides are called the
bases. The two nonparallel sides are called the legs.
The two included angles between a base and a leg are
called the base angles.

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Trapezoid POST has parallel sides
PO and TS as the bases, The legs
are TP and OS. The two pairs of
base angles are T and S;
P and O.

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A trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoids if the legs are
congruent.
TYPE is an isosceles trapezoid
with TE ~ YP.
LE ~ LP
TP ~ YE

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 The median of a trapezoid is the segment
connecting the midpoints of the legs.

The median of a trapezoids is parallel to the bases as its

measure is half the sum of the measures of the bases.
Trapezoid ABCD
E and F are the midpoints of AB and CD, respectively

EF BC AD, EF = ½ (AD+BC) B C

E F

A D
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Draw any quadrilateral. Get the
midpoint of each side of the
quadrilateral and connect them
consecutively. What kind of
quadrilateral is formed?

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