WEEK 1

TOPIC: PLANE SHAPES (I) SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SQUARE,

RECTANGLE, TRIANGLE, TRAPEZIUM AND CIRCLE IN THEIR PROPERTIES.
(II) PERIMETER OF REGULAR POLYGONS E.G. TRIANGLE, RECTANGLE, SQUARE ETC.

NOTE
A plane is a flat surface which extends in all directions e.g. face of white board or
any paper. A plane shape or figure is any figure accurately drawn on a plane e.g.

, , ,

, and they are called regular polygons while , are called shapes or
irregular polygon. Regular polygons have definite length and breadth while irregular polygons do not
have definite length and breadth. A polygon is a closed shape.

PROPERTIES OF PLANE SHAPES: WITH THREE OR MORE SIDES

A. Rectangle:

1. It has four sides with two opposite sides equal and parallel
2. It has two equal diagonals
3. It has two lines of symmetry
4. It has four right angles of each 90°
5. Its diagonal meet at the centre
6. The sum of all angles is 360°
B. Square:

1. It has four sides with two opposite sides equal and parallel
2. It has two equal diagonals
3. It has two lines of symmetry
4. It has four right angles of each 90°
5. The sum of all angles is 360°
 A rectangle has all its edges identical is called a square
C. Trapezium:

1. It has a pair of parallel sides which are not equal

2. It has two diagonals
3. It has four angles
4. The sum of the angles is 360°
D. Triangle:

There are three main types of triangles e.g. isosceles, equilateral and scalene. A special type is a right
angled triangle in which one of the angles is 90° thus. Right angled triangle
I. Isosceles triangle:
 1. It has two equal sides
2. It has two base angles equal
3. It has three sides
4. It has a line of symmetry
5. The line of symmetry bisects the base BC at right angles. The sum of all the angle is 180°
ii. Equilateral triangle:
1. All sides are equal
2. It has three sides
3. All the three angles are equal of each 60°
4. It has three lines of symmetry
5. All the corners are identification
6. Each line of symmetry bisects the base at right angles
iii. Scalene triangle:
1. It has three sides which are not equal in size
2. Its three angles are not equal
3. It has no line of symmetry
4. The sum of angles is 180°
iv. Right angled triangle:
1. It has three sides
2. It has three angles in which one of the angles is 90°
3. The sum of the angles is 180°
E. Circle:
Semi circle
Diameter
Radius R
sector segment

i. Diameter: any line drawn through the center of a circle and divides it into two equal halves
ii. Circumference is the distance round the circle it is also called the perimeter
iii. Semi-circle is the region bounded by half of the circumference and the diameter
iv. Circumference is the distance round the circle. It is also called the perimeter
v. Radius is any line from the center of the circle to the circumference. The plural of radius is radii. A
radius multiple by two is a diameter
vi. Segment is the region between a chord and the circumference
vii. The sum of angles in a circle is 360°

DEFINITION WORTHY OF NOTE

1. A line is made of points that are when two points are joined a line is formed. It can be straight or
curved (arc or circumference of a circle)
2. Line of symmetry is a line which divides the plane shapes into two matching halves e.g.
3. Parallel lines are lines that can never meet even when extended to infinity e.g.
they are also called unending points
4. Diagonals are line joining two opposite corners of a plane shape e.g.
A
5. Angles are formed when two straight lines meet e.g. B c
6. Right angle is equal to 90° e.g. D

A C
 B
7. Straight angle is equal to 180° A C B=180°
B
8. Acute angle is less than 90°
9. Obtuse angle is more than 180°e.g.
10. Reflex angle is more than 180° but less than 360° e.g.
11. Angle at point is equal to 360°
12. An altitude is a line joining an angle and an opposite side which meet at 90° e.g.

EVALUATION:
1. What is a plane shape
2. Identify these shapes

3. Distinguish between a regular shape from an irregular shape

ASSIGNMENT
1. Mention 3 properties of a square
2. State two differences between a scalene triangle and an equilateral triangle
3. Name the following:-
i. A plane shape with four equal sides
ii. The shape gotten from tracing a face of a match box
iii. A triangle with three side equal
iv. The shape of the bottom of Bournvita tin
v. The region bounded by two radii and arc.