Definition of:

Plane geometry – a plane is a flat, two dimensional surface that extends infinitely far. A plane is the two-
dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three –dimensional space.

Solid geometry- solid geometry is the traditional name for the geometry of three-dimensional Euclidean
space. Stereometry deals with the measurements of volume of various solid figures including pyramids,
prisms, and other polyhedrons; cylinders; cone; truncated cones; and balls bounded by spheres.

Functions and features of plane and solid geometry

When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so,
the plane refers to the whole space. Many fundamental tasks in mathematics, geometry, trigonometry,
graph theory, and graphing are performed in a two-dimensional space, or, in other words, in the plane.

Stereometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solid figures (three-dimensional figures)

including pyramids, prisms and other polyhedrons; cylinders; cones; truncated cones; and balls bounded
by spheres.A major application of solid geometry and stereometry is in computer graphics.

Definition and Characteristics of angles

An angle is typically classified into four categories including acute, right, obtuse, and straight. An acute
angle is one which has a degree measurement greater than 0° but less than 90°. A right angle has a 90°
angle measurement. An obtuse angle has a measurement greater than 90° but less than 180°, and a straight
angle, which looks like a straight line, has a 180° angle measurement. Two angles are known as
congruent angles if they have the same measurement. If their sum is 90°, then they are said to be
complementary angles. If their sum is 180°, they are supplementary angles. Angles can be bisected
(divided into half) or trisected (divided by thirds) by rays protruding from the vertex.

When two lines intersect, they form four angles. The angles directly across from each other are known as
vertical angles and are congruent. The neighboring angles are called adjacent because they share a
common side. If the lines intersect such that each angle measures 90°, the lines are then considered
perpendicular or orthogonalln addition to size, angles also have trigonometric values associated with them
such as sine, cosine, and tangent. These values relate the size of an angle to a given length of its sides.
These values are particularly important in areas such as navigation, astronomy, and architecture.

Definition and Characteristics of triangle

The triangle, as its name indicates, has three angles. It also has three sides. This makes it the geometric
shape formed by the lowest number of sides and angles. There are many different types of triangles, but
the difference between them does not depend on their size or orientation but on the measurement of their
angles. One important fact is that the sum of all three angles measurement is always 180°. This is a
property that every triangle equilateral indicates that its three sides are equal in length. In equilateral
triangles, all three sides are equal; each has the same measurement. If we divide 180°by the triangle´s
number of sides to determine the three angles´ measurements, we will get 60°. Each of the equilateral
triangle´s three angles measure 60°. Scalene triangles is the opposite of the equilateral triangle. In scalene
triangles, all of the angles are different; each one has a different measurement. This characteristics makes
each of the triangle´s three sides have different measurements. Isosceles triangles have two equal angles
and one that is different. This makes the triangles have two equal sides and one different side as well. The
side that is different is located precisely between the equal angles.

Polygons

Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes. They are made of straight lines, and the shape is "closed" (all the
lines connect up).

Types of Polygons

Regular or Irregular

A regular polygon has all angles equal and all sides equal, otherwise it is irregular

 Concave or Convex

A convex polygon has no angles pointing inwards. More precisely, no internal angle can be more than
180°.

If any internal angle is greater than 180° then the polygon is concave.

Simple or Complex

A simple polygon has only one boundary, and it doesn't cross over itself. A complex polygon intersects
itself. Many rules about polygons don't work when it is complex.

Names of Polygons

Name Sides Interior Angle

Triangle  3 60°
Quadrilateral  4 90°
Pentagon 5 108°
Hexagon 6 120°
Heptagon  7 128.571°
Octagon 8 135°
Nonagon (or Enneagon) 9 140°
Decagon 10 144°
Quadrilaterals

A Quadrilateral has four-sides, it is 2-dimensional (a flat shape), closed (the lines join up), and has
straight sides.
 Properties

A quadrilateral has:

 four sides (edges)

 four vertices (corners)
 interior angles that add to 360 degrees:

Types of Quadrilaterals and their Properties

There are six basic types of quadrilaterals:

1.  Rectangle

 Opposite sides are parallel and equal.

 All angles are 90º.
 The diagonals bisect each other.

2.  Square

 Opposite sides are parallel and all sides are equal.

 All angles are 90º.
 Diagonals bisect each other at right angles.

3.  Parallelogram

 Opposite sides are parallel and equal.

 Opposite angles are equal.
 Diagonals bisect each other.

4.  Rhombus

 All sides are equal and opposite sides are parallel.

 Opposite angles are equal.
 The diagonals bisect each other at right angles.

5.  Trapezium

 A trapezium has one pair of opposite sides parallel.

  A regular trapezium has non-parallel sides equal and its base angles are equal.

6.  Kite

 Two pairs of adjacent sides are equal.

 One pair of opposite angles is equal.
 Diagonals intersect at right angles.
 The longest diagonal bisects the shortest diagonal into two equal parts.