In contrast to painting, sculpture

has three dimensions: height, width,

and depth. It is created by either
carving, modeling, or assembling
parts together.
General Kinds
of Sculpture
Free Standing
this is a kind of sculpture that can
independently stand in space. It has a
flat horizontal base. All its sides
contribute to the overall form of the
sculpture.
Relief
This kind of sculpture does not have flat
horizontal base. The form is projected from a flat
surface. There are two types of relief : low relief or
bas-relief, and high relief. The form of a low relief
projects slightly from the flat surface, in contrast to
the high relief.
Assemblage
This sculpture is formed by putting
together the materials as found
objects, pieces of paper, sponges,
wood, scraps, and other materials.
Kinetic Sculpture
this is considered a sculpture in
motion, because the entire sculpture or
some parts of the sculpture are moving
with the wind or are vibrating with the
surrounding air.
Welded Sculpture
cresting these sculptures involve
the process of connecting sheets of
metal together by using an acetylene
or electric torch.
Use of Glass
Ramon Orlina and Imelda Pilapil
started the use of glass in sculpture.
Orlina used glass in table pieces, murals
and sculptures which are usually unified
into a framework.
Symbolic Sculpture
A good example of symbolic sculpture is the
interpretation of Abdulmari Imao on okir design,
which is a Maranao design tradition that is typically
used in woodcarving. Imao produced four
contemporary series of the okir: the sarimanok, the
sari-mosque, the sari-okir and calligraphic sculpture.
Other Forms
of Visual Arts
Advertising Art
this refers to using paid space or time in any of the
media to inform and influence the public. This is used to
encourage the public to patronize certain goods and
services, or to support policies or persons. The following
can be used in advertising art: animation, photography,
computer-generated graphics, neon signs, posters,
mascots, total product improvement, and total corporate
promotion.
Bamboo Art
This refers to works made of bamboo that may
be used for everyday purposes or for decorations or
ornaments. Thick bamboo is typically used for
building sturdy structures, decorations, furniture,
containers, and writing materials. On the other hand,
thin bamboo is used in creating musical instruments
and personal accessories.
Basketry
this refers to the art of creating containers
by weaving, plaiting, or braiding materials into
hollow three dimensional shapes that can
either be used for carrying, storage, and
trapping animals.
Book Design
Book design involves structuring
and reproduction of bound pages that
are filled with text and/or images, and
are protected by hard or soft covers.
Costumes
These are garments, hairstyles, and
accessories that are worn by individual members
or groups in a particular society. These may vary
according to class, sex, age, civil status,
occupation, rank and personal taste of an
individual.
Embroidery
this refers to the art of stitching
ornaments on cloth by hand.
Food Art
This involves packaging and/or presentation
of food in an artistic way. This is different from
Western garnishing , which involves adding
decorative touches. This is because food art
involves enhancing the food itself or its packaging
in an artistic way.
Furniture
These are decorative and functional
objects which are typically found in a
public or private dwelling or building.
These are also known as muebles or
kasangkapan.
Komiks and Editorial Cartoon
Both komiks and editorial cartoon
involve illustrations of stories or events.
The komiks on the other hand, may use
single or multiple frames with conversations
of people or animals placed inside
“balloons.”
Leaf Art
Leaf art is used in religious rituals,
food wrapping, and even as a form of
modern artistic expression. This makes
leaf art different from basketry.
Mat Weaving
This refers to the art of plaiting strips
of organic fibers into mats.
These mats, locally known as banig, are
cool, light, and portable compared to
fixed beds.
Metal Craft
This includes all objects made from
metal using the processes of brass
casting and blacksmithing, or
goldsmithing and silversmithing.
• Brass casting and blacksmithing
This process involves casting and forging pieces of brass or bronze.
Tools, containers, weapons, and other items can be created using this
process.

• Goldsmithing and silversmithing

These processes involves the use of gold and silver in creating objects
and ornaments.

• Tinsmithing
Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating jeepneys, kalesas, and
cariton or ice cream cart.
Multimedia
this consists of works that involve
the use of other senses in
appreciating those works aside from
the senses of vision.
• Conceptual Art
In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a situation, placing
philosophical value in the process itself, while negating the importance of craftsmanship
in arriving at a finished art object.”

• Installation Art
in this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and objects in an
exhibition space to cast a new experience or idea.

• Performance arts
In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself into an art object in
motion and sound.
Paper Art
This involves the processes of cutting, pasting,
recycling, and/or constructing of objects from paper. Paper
art used to be limited with folk paper art such as taka and
higante. However, contemporary artists such as Glenn
Bautista, Santiago Bose, Petite Calaguas, Impy Pilapil, and
Manuel Rodriguez Sr. ventured into paper art and raised it
to a new level.
Personal Ornaments
These are objects that are worn on the
human body. Jewelry falls under this form.
These are worn either to enhance a part of the
body of the wearer, to exhibit rank or status, or
to symbolize ritualistic and emotional states.
Photography
this refers to the process of producing images using a
light-sensitive chemical plate or film. Photographs are taken
to serve as portraits and as propaganda. Photographs are
also used to serve as documentation for travel and
research. Aside from these, photography is useful in
covering events, as well as for advertising and fashion.
Lastly, a photograph is highly useful medium for an artist.
Pottery
Pottery is a general term for decorative and
useful objects made from clay and set off at high
temperatures. This is frequently interchanged
with “ceramics.” However, it is important to note
application of ceramics is wider and even
includes industrial use.
• Earthenware or Terracotta
This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at 1,7000-
2,100 °F

• Stoneware
This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar and usually fired at
2,220-2,230 °F

• Porcelain
This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is
extra fine and white, and feldspar. Porcelain is fired at 2,500-2,700 °F
Printmaking
This refers to transferring images from a
firm surface, such as metal or wood, to a
pliable surface.
Tattoo Art
This refers to a body adornment permanently
engraved on the skin using a sharp instrument
and plant dyes or inks. A tattoo is worn for several
reasons. It may also be worn to drive away evil
spirits and enemies. It may also be worn to
express particular social values and attributes.
Textile Weaving
This refers to the process of creating cloth
by interweaving a series of parallel vertical
threads with another series of horizontal
threads at right angles. Textiles may be plain
or decorated by dyes, embroidery, and
applique.