SUBJECTS, MEDIA,

AND PRINCIPLES OF
ART
 THE
SUBJECT:
⮚ WHAT ISfocus
It refers to the visual IT?or the image that
may be extracted from examining the artwork.
⮚ The subject of art refers to any person,
object, scene or event described or represented
in a work of art.
⮚ It basically answers the question “what” in
the artwork.
TYPES OF SUBJECTS IN
AN ARTWORK
 Representational
⮚ These are kinds of art that have
subjects that refer to objects that
present objects or events recurring
in the real world.
⮚ They may be also called
“figurative art”.
Non-
⮚ These are art forms that do not
Representational
make a reference to the real world,
whether it is a place, person, thing, or
even a particular event.
⮚ It is only stripped down to visual
elements such as lines, shapes, and
colors to transmute a particular
emotion or feeling.
REPRESENTATIONAL
 NON-
REPRESENTATIONAL
 KIND OF SUBJECTS
NATURE
ANIMALS
HISTORY STILL LIFE
LANDSCAPE

FIGURES
MEDIUM USED IN
AN ARTWORK
 WHAT IS
MEDIUM ?
⮚ It came from the Latin word “medius.”
⮚ They are the materials used for a work
of art.
⮚ They refer to the art materials or art
supplies used to create a work of art.
Basically, it's whatever you use to make a
mark on a surface.
 a. Painting
1. Oil
⮚ It is a medium wherein it is mixed with
pigments.
⮚ It is usually applied in canvas, wood, paper
or even plaster.
 a. Painting
1. Oil
⮚ It is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of
particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil,
commonly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may be
modified by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine
or white spirit, and varnish may be added to increase the
glossiness of the dried oil paint film.
 a. Painting
2. Tempera
⮚ It is a famous medium before oil.
⮚ It is a mixture of ground pigments and any colloidal
substance such as egg, gum, or glue.
⮚ It is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium
consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-
soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such
as egg yolk
 a. Painting
3. Watercolor
⮚ A medium that is mixed with water
and usually applied on white paper.
 a. Painting
4. Gouache
⮚ It has larger particles and more body, so it
looks heavier, denser, and more opaque after it
dries.
⮚ The paint is best used to create a flat wash of
color that dries matte. Because it dries so
quickly, gouache is ideal for gestural, action, and
direct paintings.
 a. Painting
5. Pastel
⮚ A medium that possesses only
surfaces of light, gives no glazed
effect, and closely resembles dry
pigment.
 a. Painting
6. Fresco
⮚ It came from an Italian term meaning “fresh.”
⮚ It is a technique of mural painting executed upon
freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the
vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the
plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting
becomes an integral part of the wall.
2.Fresco
⮚ It came from an Italian term meaning “fresh.”
⮚ It is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaster, the painting becomes an integral part of the wall.
 a. Painting
7. Acrylic
⮚ It uses acrylic emulation as a binder.
⮚ They combine the transparency and quick-
drying qualities of a watercolor and are flexible
as oil.
⮚ They are insoluble when dry and tends to
crack. Furthermore, when being old they tend to
color yellow.
 a. Painting

8. Mosaic
⮚ It is made of small pieces of
inlaid colored stones or glass
called “tesserae.”
 B. Drawing
1. Bistre
⮚ It is brown pigment made from boiling the soot of
wood. Because bistre is transparent and has no body, it is
frequently used in conjunction with pen and ink
drawings as a wash, a liquid spread evenly to suggest
shadows, and is especially associated with the
appearance of the typical “old master drawing.”
 B. Drawing

2.Crayons
⮚ These are pigments made out of
wax and compressed from sticks used
for drawing.
 B. Drawing
3. Charcoal
⮚These are carbonaceous materials
obtained by heating wood or other organic
substances.
⮚ It is used to present a mass of light and
shadow in drawings.
 B. Drawing
4. Graphite
⮚ It is a metallic grey writing and
drawing material most commonly used in
pencil form – though graphite powder is
also used by artists as a drawing material.
 THE ARTISTIC PROCESS
Various artist must undertake a process in order
to fully create and complete their respective
masterpieces. Generally speaking, the artistic
process revolves around the following:
 1)The idea 2)The material and 3)Organization
process and form
The stage where the
creator shall visualize Refers to the stage It refers to the
his emotions, thoughts, where the creator completion of the
and feelings to their shall consider his/her planning process and
work in order to start resources in order to giving it form using
it. make the said the selected
artwork. material.
 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
AESTHETIC ARTS AND CRAFTS
Aesthetics defined…
⮚Aesthetics is from the Greek word “eisthesis” which means
“perception.” It is a branch of philosophy devoted to the study of
art and beauty used during the 18th century by Alexander
Baumgarten, a German philosopher. This term also refers to the
principles governing the nature and appreciation of beauty,
especially in visual art (Rader, 1979).
 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
AESTHETIC ARTS AND CRAFTS
Crafts defined…
⮚ On the other hand, the term “craft” comes from the German word
“kraft” which means “power” or “ability.” It is usually employed in
branches of the decorative arts or associated artistic practice. It also
implies the application of human skills through the use of a hand. It
tends to produce things for various human purposes, and tend to
exhibit their prettiness around a goal external to the object itself
(Dutton, 1990).
TYPES OF ARTS
AND CRAFTS
 A.TEXTILE CRAFTS.
⮚ The word textile is from the Latin phrase “texere”
which means “to braid" or "to construct."
⮚ These also refer to any craft where you work with
fabric, yarn or surface design. It uses plant or any
synthetic fibers in creating practical or decorative
objects. These include the following:
 A.Textile Crafts.
1. Cross-stitch
Stitching can also be a form of natural pain
relief. It is a popular form of counted thread
embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a
tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a
picture.
 A.Textile Crafts.

2. Crocket
It is a process of creating fabric from yarn,
thread, or other material strands using a
crochet hook.
 A.Textile Crafts.
3. Sewing
It is the craft of fastening or
attaching objects using stitches made
with a needle and thread.
 A.Textile Crafts.
4. Weaving
It is a fabric production method in
which yarns are interlaced at right
angles to form a fabric or cloth.
 A.Textile Crafts.
5. Tatting
It is a technique for handcrafting
particularly in making durable lace
which is constructed by a series of
knots and loops.
 A.Textile Crafts.

6. Shoemaking
It is the process of making footwear.
 B. WOOD CRAFTS
⮚ These refer to a skill that pertains to the woods,
especially in making one's way through the woods or in
hunting, trapping, etc. It also relates to subsistence
lifestyles with implications of hunting-gathering
(Horace, 1906). These include the following:
B. WOOD CRAFTS
1. Carpentry
It is a skilled trade in the cutting,
shaping, and installation of building
materials during the construction of
buildings.
B. WOOD CRAFTS
2. Marquetry
It is the art and craft of applying
pieces of veneer (thin slices of
wood) to a structure to form
decorative designs.
B. WOOD CRAFTS

3. Woodturning
It is a form of woodworking that is
used to create wooden objects.
B. WOOD CRAFTS
4. Wood carving
It is a form of woodworking to form
a wooden figure or objects by using
a knife or a chisel.
B. WOOD CRAFTS
5. Cabinetry
It is a skill in making a box-shaped
piece of furniture with doors and
drawers for keeping various objects.
B. WOOD CRAFTS

6. Upholstery
It is the work of building cushion
and cover furniture.
 C. METAL CRAFTS.
⮚ These refer to the art of executing artistic designs in
metal for both practical and aesthetic purposes. These
arts are designed for decorative items or functional
objects that are beneficial and useful to us all. These
works are of bronze, silver, gold, tin, copper, lead,
brass, and iron. These include the following:
C. METAL CRAFTS.
1. Metal Casting
It is a process by which a liquid material
(bronze, copper, glass, aluminum, and iron)
is poured into a mold, which contains a
hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then
allowed to solidify.
C. METAL CRAFTS.
2. Welded sculpture
It is an art form in which a statue is
made using welding techniques.
 D.PAPER OR CANVAS
CRAFTS.
⮚ It refers to an extremely durable plain-woven fabric
used for making backpacks, tents, marquees, and other
sustainable items. These include the following:
 D.PAPER OR CANVAS
CRAFTS.
1. Bookbinding
It is the process of physically
assembling a book from some folded
or unfolded sheets of paper or other
material.
 D.PAPER OR CANVAS
CRAFTS.
2. Card making
It is a hand-made technique for
producing greeting cards.
 D.PAPER OR CANVAS
CRAFTS.
3. Origami
It is a Japanese cultural art of paper
folding.
 E. PLANTS CRAFTS

These refer to skills using plant parts as the medium.

These include the following:
E. PLANTS CRAFTS
1. Floral Design
It is the art of using plant materials
and flowers to create a pleasing and
balanced composition.
E. PLANTS CRAFTS
2. Pressed flower craft
Consists of drying flower petals and
leaves in a flower press to flatten
and exclude light and moisture.