PHYSICAL SCIENCES GRADE

10
TERM 3 AND 4

TOPIC: WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT

SOLUTIONS
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QUESTION 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.1 B 
1.2 C 
1.3 A 
1.4 C 
1.5 D 
1.6 C 
1.7 D 
1.8 C 
1.9 A 
1.10 B 
1.11 B 
1.12 D 
1.13 B 
1.14 C 
1.15 A 
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ANSWERS TO LONG QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1

1.1 The two displacements will create one big pulse  and the amplitude will
be the sum of the amplitudes of the initial two pulses.  (2)
1.2 Constructive interference / superposition  (1)
1.3 They will both continue in their original directions  with their original
amplitudes  and speed.
1.4 The number of complete waves passing a given point per second.  (2)
1.5 The wave travels horizontally,  while the float moves vertically.  (2)
OR
1.6 The wave travels in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the
particles of the water travel (2)
1.7
1,5−0,5

2

= 0,5𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐  (2)
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QUESTION 2

2.1 Superposition of pulses.  Algebraic sum of the amplitudes of two pulses that
occupy the same space at the same time. 
Superposisie van pulse. Die algabraïese som van die amplitudes van twee
pulse wat in dieselfde ruimte op dieselfde tyd is.  (3)
2.2

(Both A and B/Beide A en B ) (2)

2.3 Destructive (interference) /Destruktiewe (interferensie)  (1)

2.4
Amplitude = (+4) + (-6)
= - 2 cm 
(Marks/Punte: 2 or/of 0) (2)

2.5 REMAIN THE SAME /BLY DIESELFDE  (1)

[9]

QUESTION 3

3.1 line through points AHCEG  (2)

3.2 B (or F)  (2)
3.3 A and E (or B and F) (or C and G) (or D and I)  (2)
3.4 distance BH 
3.5 D (or I)  (2)
3.6 A and C (or B and D) (or C and E) (or D and F) (or E and G) (or F and I)
 (2)
3.7 straight-line distance AE (or BF) (or CG) (or DI)  (2)

[14]

QUESTION 4

4.1 Transverse/Transversale  (1)

4.2 2m  (1)
3

4.3 The distance between two consecutive points in phase 

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4.4 Die afstand tussen twee opeenvolgende punte in fase

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 OR/OF
The distance between two consecutive crests or two consecutive troughs.
Die afstand tussen twee opeenvolgende kruine of twee opeenvolgende
trôe. (2)
4.5 5,33m  (8m =1,5 waves/golwe) (2)
4.6 Any one of: A and E; B and J; D and F  (1)
Enige een van A en E; B en J; D en F
4.7 4 crests implies 3 waves
4 kruine impliseer 3 golwe
3  x 0,5  = 1,5 s  (3 waves x 0,5 seconds per wave)
(3 golwe x 0,5 sekondes per golf) (3)
4.8

𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
 Positive marking from 6.4 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑓𝑓λ
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
afstand
Positiewe nasien vanaf 6.4 1
= 𝑥𝑥 λ
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑇𝑇
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ∆𝑥𝑥
𝑣𝑣 =
∆𝑡𝑡
 1
8 = 𝑥𝑥 5,33
0,5
= 5,33
0,75
𝑣𝑣 = 𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎/𝐎𝐎𝐎𝐎
0,5 
= 10,67 m.s-1 
= 10,67 m.s-1  = 2 𝑥𝑥 5,33

= 10,67 m.s-1 
(4)

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QUESTION 5

5.1 Transverse wave  (1)

5.2 f = 2 Hz, so two wavelengths pass a point in one second. Therefore, in
three seconds, six wavelengths pass a point.  (2)
5.3
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑓𝑓λ 
= 2 × 0,5 
= 1,0 m.s–1  (4)
5.4
1
𝑇𝑇 = 
𝑓𝑓

1
= 
2
4

= 0,5 𝑠𝑠 
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 One wavelength passes in 0,5 s, so three wavelengths pass in 1,5 s. 
(5)
5.5
If the tension of the spring does not change, speed of the wave is constant.
Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other.  So,
if frequency is made three times larger, wavelength must be made three
times smaller.  So the wavelength is 0,17 m. 
OR

𝑣𝑣
λ= 
𝑓𝑓
1,0
= 
6
= 0,17 𝑚𝑚 
(4)

[16]
QUESTION 6

6.1 A: compression 
B: rarefaction 
C: wavelength  (3)
6.2
∆𝑥𝑥
𝑣𝑣 = 
∆𝑡𝑡
4
= 
1,45

= 2,759 𝑠𝑠
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑓𝑓λ 
2,759 = (2,5)λ 
λ = 1,10 m  (5)
6.3 One beats the drum at one end of the field, while the other stands at the
other end of the field  and measures the time from when he sees the
drumbeat until he hears it.  (2)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
6.4 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
500
= 
1,49
= 336 m.s-1  (3)
6.5 Sound travels at a higher speed through water than through air.  (1)

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QUESTION 7

7.1 Amplitude is distance from rest position to crest = 12,0 mm = 0,012 m. 

(2)
7.2 One oscillation of a particle produces one wavelength. So one wavelength
passes a point in 0,4 s. Four wavelengths pass in 4 × 0,4 s  = 1,6 s 
(2)
7.3 0,4 s  (2)
7.4 The given distance is for 2 wavelengths
λ= 0,8 / 2 = 0,4 m  (2)
7.5
1
𝑓𝑓 = 
𝑇𝑇
1
= 
0,4

= 2,5 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻  (3)

7.6
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑓𝑓λ 
= 2,5 𝑥𝑥 0,4 
= 1,0 m.s-1  (4)

[15]

QUESTION 8

8.1 Sound with frequencies that are higher than what is audible to the
human ear. 
Klank met frekwensies wat hoër is as wat vir die menslike oor
hoorbaar is. (2)
8.2
v=fλ
1480 = 120 000 λ 
∴ λ = 0,012 m  (4)

8.3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑/afstand
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡/𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑/afstand
1480 = 
2
∴ distance/afstand = 2 960 m  (4)

8.4
• The speed of sound in air is slower, as air is less dense and the
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particles are further apart.

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 Die spoed van klank in lug is stadiger as water, omdat lug minder dig
 is/deeltjies is verder van mekaar af.
• The speed of sound in sea water is faster, as sea water is denser
and the particles are closer together.
Die spoed van klank in water is vinniger as lug, omdat water meer
dig is/ die deeltjies nader aan mekaar is.
(2)
8.5
• Dolphins send out a sound frequency/Dolfyne stuur klankgolwe uit

• The sound reflects off the prey and returns to the dolphin
Die klank weerkaats vanaf die prooi terug na die dolfyn toe. 
• The dolphin estimates distance from prey by using time for echo to
return. 
Die dolfyn skat dan die afstand tussen sy prooi en homself deur die
tyd te gebruik wat die eggo geneem het om te weerkaats. 
(3)
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QUESTION 9

9.1 A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction
of motion of the wave.  'n Golf waarin die deeltjies van die medium
parallel aan die rigting van beweging van die golf vibreer (2)
9.2

(4)
7

9.3 Less than/Minder as

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Sound travels quicker in water than in air  (because water is denser).

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 Klank beweeg vinniger in water as in lug (omdat water digter is (3)

NOTE: There must be a comparison.

LET WEL: Daar moet 'n vergelyking wees
9.4 Reflection/Weerkaatsing (2)
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QUESTION 10

10.1 A changing electric field produces a changing magnetic field, which in

turn produces a changing electric field. An electromagnetic wave is a
transverse wave consisting of electric and magnetic fields at 90° to each
other.  The crests and troughs represent points where the electric or
magnetic fields are strongest.  (3)
10.2 Accelerating charges produce electromagnetic pulses.  A continuous
electromagnetic wave is produced by vibrating charges, as in alternating
current.  (2)

10.3 3 × 108 m.s–1 (1)

10.4
SI units. 1,5 × 108 km = 1,5 × 1011 m 
time = distance / speed 
= 1,5 × 1011 / 3 × 108 
= 500 s  (5)

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