Preparation paper 2023

Xii biology
CHAPTER 01:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON REASONING:
1. Describe osmoregulation in aquatic animals.
2. Write a brief note on liver as a homeostatic organ.
3. Explain Osmoregulation in terrestrial animals
4. Write a note on Lithotripsy.
5. State the role of Hormones in the working of kidneys.
6. Define Ectothermic & Endothermic animal with examples
7. Write a note on Dialysis and it types.
8. Draw the chart of Ornithine cycle
9. Explain the role of Brain in the regulation of body temperature.
10.Write note on two different types
11.What adaptations do plants make to cope with the effects of hot and cold temperatures?
12.Name various aspects of homeostasis?
13.What adaptations do plants make to cope with the effects of hot and cold temperatures
14.Name various aspects of homeostasis?
REASONING:
1. Why hypothalamus is called thermostat of the body.
2. Why do freshwater fishes excrete dilute urine and marine fishes excrete concentrated urine?
3. Why moderate form of fever is good for health

SECTION “C” (DETAILED ANSWER- QUESTIONS)

1. Explain Thermoregulation in Mammals.
2. Explain the structure of Nephron and write the regulatory functions of kidney.
3. Describe excretion in planaria, earthworm and cockroach.
CHAPTER 02:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON REASONING:
1. Write a note on Arthritis, Disc slip and spondylolysis.
2. Mention Hydrostatic skeleton with examples.
3. Write a note on Exoskeleton.
4. Differentiate between striated and unstriated muscles.
5. Write four differences between Bone and Cartilage
6. Write four functions of Skeleton.
7. What are the three main causes of skeletal deformities? Give one example of each with
symptom.
8. Write a note on tetany and cramps
9. Write a note on Sclerenchyma and its type.
10.Differentiate any one of the following: (a) Activities of vascular cambium and cork cambium. (b)
Heartwood and sapwood.
11.What are secondary tissues in plants
12.What are annual rings? or How can we estimate the age of a tree.
13. Difference between endo and exoskeleton.
REASONING QUESTION:
1. How does a Muscle become fatigued?
2. What causes abnormal muscle contraction in sportsman?
3. How hydrostatic skeleton facilitates locomotion in soft bodied animals?
4. Why the cardiac muscles are striated and involuntary in nature.
5. Why leaves of “touch me not” closed on touching?
6. How young stem gives mechanical support to plant body?
7. How does the exposed tissue of cortex become protected when primary epidermis fall off in
stem?

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Describe the structure of skeletal muscles and write mechanism of muscle contraction or its
control
2. Describe locomotion in jellyfish, starfish and earthworm.
3. How many types of movements are found in plants? Describe paratonic movement in detail.
Chapter 03:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON REASONING:
1. Write a note on pituitary gland.
2. Write a note on Thyroid gland.
3. Write a note on reflex action.
4. Define Neuron and give the names of different types of Neurons
5. Write four differences between Nervous coordination and Chemical coordination.
6. Write a short note on the action of hormone.
7. Describe Biological clock and circadian system in plant:

REASONING QUESTIONS
1. How do plants cope with heat stress and cold stress?
2. Why ethane is called fruit ripening gas
3. Why is synapse termed as motor end plate?
4. Which hormone is released from Adrenal medulla and why is it called emergency hormone?
5. Why is nervous co-ordination called the quickest way of communication within the body?
6. How does pancreas regulate the amount of blood sugar?
7. What is the role on endocrine system is “fight and flight” response?
8. Why is nervous co-ordination called the quickest way of communication within the body?

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define Endocrine glands. Describe Pituitary gland as master gland.
2. Describe the structure and functions of different parts of the human brain. (Diagram of brain is
not required)
3. What is behavior? Describe learning behavior in detail
4. Describe the role of Auxin, Gibberellin and Cytokinin

CHAPTER 04
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON REASONING:
1. Write a note on spermatogenesis or oogenesis.
2. Name the various types of Asexual reproduction in animals with examples.
 3. What is pollination? And their types.
4. Write a short note on tissue culture or cutting.
5. Write a note on natural methods of Asexual reproduction in plants.
6. Define Germination. Describe its various types
7. What do you mean by double fertilization?
8. Write a note on Seed dormancy, Vernalization and photoperiodism
9. What is inflorescence? Write a note on Racemose or Cymose or Differentiate between racemose
and cymose.

REASONING:
1. What is the significance of Sexual reproduction?
2. Why reproduction is an essential life process?
3. Why testes descend down in human male fetus before birth?
4. Why identical twins are similar but fraternal twins are not

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define menstrual cycle. Describe its various phases and the changes occurring in each phase
with diagram.
2. Describe in detail about gametogenesis and draw the diagram of male reproductive system.

CHAPTER 05:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on aging or Embryonic induction
2. Write a note on abnormal development
3. Write a note on the phases of growth in plants.
4. Define Meristem. Give the types of Meristems and state their functions
5. Why growth is different from development?
6. Write a note on growth correlation
7. What is secondary growth and write down it advantages.

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define Gastrulation. Explain the development of chick up to the formation of three germinal
layers. Draw labeled diagram also.
CHAPTER 06 :
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Define Autosomes and sex Chromosomes.
2. Make a chart showing chemical composition of chromosome.
3. Define point mutation
4. Discuss sickle cell anemia or phenylketonuria
5. Write a note on Chromosomal aberration.
6. Define various types of RNA.
7. Differentiate between DNA and RNA.
8. Define karyotype.
9. Classify chromosomes based on position of centromere. 9. Write a note on chromosomal theory

SECTION “C” (DETAILED ANSWER- QUESTIONS)

1. Discuss Watson and crick model of DNA and its replication
2. Define mutation and describe its various types. How do radiation and chemical mutagen
damage DNA.
3. Define Chromosomes. Describe with Diagram the chemical composition of chromosomes and
their ultra-structure.
4. Describe Gene Expression.
5. Prove DNA act as inherited material by various experiment.

Chapter 07:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Define Linkage and crossing over.
2. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis.
3. Differentiate between the leptotene and zygotene
4. Significance of meiosis and mitosis? When do you find mitotic and meiotic cell divisions in plant?
5. Name different types of cell division.
6. Write a note on Inter phase.
7. Write a note on cell death

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

 1. Define meiosis. Draw and describe various stages of Prophase-I of meiosis
2. Define Mitosis. Describe various stages of mitosis with the help of diagrams. 3. Describe in detail
meiotic errors with examples.

Chapter 08:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on test cross?
2. Draw a chart showing seven pairs of contrasting characters observed by Mendel. Also mention
which of these characters are dominant or recessive.
3. Why did Mendel choose pea plant as an experimental material?
4. A colorblind woman is married to a normal man. How many children of this couple are likely to
be color blind in F2 generation?
5. Give cross b/w red-eyed female and white eyed male in drosophila.
6. What will be the result of a cross between hemophilia male and normal female?
7. Define linkage and crossing over?
8. Draw karyotype of drosophila.
9. Draw a chart that show phenotype and genotype of various blood group.
10.Write a note on Rh factor
11.Write a note on incomplete dominance and co dominance.
12.Write a note on Law of segregation.
SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTION
1. Define Sex-linked inheritance. Discuss Sex-linked inheritance in humans.
2. Describe Law of Independent assortment with the help of checker board.

Chapter 09:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON-REASONING:
1. Explain Human Genome Project (HGP)
2. Write a note on DNA fingerprinting.
3. Write the basic steps of recombinant DNA technology.
4. Write note on transgenic animals
5. Write a note on DNA sequencing or genomic library.
6. Write a short note on tissue culture.
REASONING:
1. Why restriction enzyme is called molecular scissor?
2. Why are plasmids used in recombinant DNA technology?
3. How DNA fingerprinting helps in solving criminal cases?

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is Gene therapy? Explain Gene therapy in SCID and Cystic fibrosis.
2. Describe the different steps in DNA Recombinant Technology. Draw labeled diagrams of
different steps.

Chapter 10:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON-REAASONING:
1. Write any four objections on Darwin's Natural Selection Theory.
2. Give any two evidences in favor of Organic evolution.
3. State the objections on Lamarck’s theory.
4. Write note on endangered species.
5. How do homologous organs provide evidence in support of evolution?

REASONING:
1. Why Archaeopteryx is considered a connecting link between reptiles and birds

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Give the evidence in support of evolution.

Chapter 11:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on any one: (i) Light as a climatic (ii) Topographic factor
2. Write a note on various Ecological levels of organization.
3. What is interaction/ write down it types.

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

 1. Define ecosystem. Name the various abiotic components of an ecosystem. Describe climatic
factors only
2. What is ecological succession? Describe Hydrosere or xerosere

Chapter 12:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Write a note on any one : (i) Tundra Biome (ii) Coniferous forest (iii) Desert Biome
2. Describe desert or any type of forest ecosystem with special reference to Pakistan.
3. Draw a chart showing different zones in the sea
4. Write a note on Biotic components of Pond Ecosystem.
5. Describe Coniferous or Temperate deciduous forests of Pakistan.
6. Write a note on Neritic region of ocean.

SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. What is Upwelling? Describe the marine life in various zones of the sea.
2. Define Ecosystem. Describe Grass land, Savanah and desert in detail.

Chapter 13:
SECTION ‘B’ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
NON REASONING:
1. How is ozone layer being destroyed?
2. Write a note on Acid Rain.
3. Define renewable and non-renewable resources and give examples.
4. Write a note on energy conservation. What is nuclear energy?
5. What is pollution? Define water pollution
6. Write a note on depletion of ozone layer.
7. Write a note on greenhouse effect?

REASONING:
1. How Sulphur dioxide is dangerous to health?
2. Why is swelling of feet or legs caused when a person stands immobile for a long time?
3. How does an increased level of nutrients affect the survival of aquatic organisms?
4. What are the causes of eutrophication?
5. How hermaphroditic condition is advantageous for the parasitic mode of life?
SECTION ‘C’ DETAILED ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Write a detailed note on Air pollution