A

Project Report
On

“AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYATEM

USING ARDUINO”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in
Computer
By
Name Roll no.
Yash Ahire 01
Prashant Bhalerao 06
Chetan Parse 46
Jishan Shaikh 54

Supervisor
Prof. (Archana Baware)

Technology Personified
Department of Computer Engineering
Innovative Engineers’ and Teachers’ Education society’s
Bharat College of Engineering
Badlapur: - 421504
(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)
(2022-23)
 Technology Personified
Bharat College of Engineering
(Affiliated to the University of Mumbai)
Badlapur: - 421504.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the Project titled

“AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM

USING ARDUINO”
is a bona-fide work done by

Yash Ahire
Prashant Bhalerao
Chetan Parse
Jishan Shaikh
and is submitted in the partial full-filament of the requirement for the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
to the University of Mumbai

Supervisor External
Prof. (Archana Bhaware) Prof. ( )

Subject In charge Head of Department Principal

(Prof.Archana Bhaware) (Prof. Deepa Athawale) (Prof.Siddhartha Ladhake)
 ABSTRACT

With the advancement of automation technology, life is getting simpler and easier in all aspects.
In today’s world Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system. Automatic system is
a growing system of everyday object from industrial machine to consumer goods that can complete
tasks while you are busy with other activities. India's population is reached beyond 1.2 billion and
the population rate is increasing day by day then after 25-30 years there will be serious problem
of food, so the development of agriculture is necessary. Today, the farmers are suffering from the
lack of rains and scarcity of water. The main objective of this paper is to provide an automatic
irrigation system thereby saving time, money & power of the farmer. The traditional farmland
irrigation techniques require manual intervention. With the automated technology of irrigation, the
human intervention can be minimized. Whenever there is a change in temperature and humidity
of the surroundings these sensors sense the change in temperature and humidity and gives an
interrupt signal to the micro-controller.

KEYWORDS -

Arduino Uno, Soil Moisture Sensor, LM 35 Temperature Sensor, Water Level Switch, Led,
Diode, Speaker, Relay.

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 INDEX

S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTON 3
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Scope of the project
1.3 Irrigation Control System Function
1.4 Advantage

2. Block diagram for automatic 7

irrigation system

3. circuit diagram for 8

automatic irrigation
system

4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
9

5. DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE
REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Arduino UNO 10
5.2Soil moisture Sensor
5.3LM 35 Temperature Sensor
5.4LCD
5.5Relay
5.6Resister
5.7LED
5.81N4007 Diode

6. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION 17

7. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT 18

8. FUTURE SCOPE 19

9. CONCLUSION 20

10. REFERENCES 21

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 1. INTRODUCTION
India is the country of village and agriculture plays an important role for development of
country. In our country, agriculture depends on the monsoons which has insufficient source of
water. So, the irrigation is used in agricultural field In Irrigation system, depending upon the soil
type, water is provided to plant. In agriculture, two things are very important, first to get
information of about the fertility of soil and second to measure humidity content in air.
Nowadays, for irrigation, different techniques are available which are used to reduce the
dependency of rain. And mostly this technique is driven by electrical power and on/off
scheduling. In this technique, an temperature and humidity sensors are placed near the plant and
near the module and gateway unit handles the sensor information and transmit data to the
controller which in turns the control the flow of water through the pump.

1 .1. Motivation
For continuously increasing demand and decrease in supply of food necessities, it’s important to
rapid improvement in production of food technology. Agriculture is only the source to provide
this. This is the important factor in human societies to growing and dynamic demand in food
production. Agriculture plays the important role in the economy and development, like India. Due
to lack of water and scarcity of land water result the decreasing volume of water on earth, the
farmer use irrigation. Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to
the land or soil that means depending on the soil type, plant are to be provided with water

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1.2. Scope of the project

 Agriculture: Automatic irrigation systems are extensively used in agriculture to irrigate crops,
vegetables, and fruits. This ensures that the plants receive the right amount of water and
nutrients at the right time, which results in better yields and healthier plants.

 Residential: Automatic irrigation systems can also be used for residential landscaping,
ensuring that lawns and gardens are watered properly without the need for manual
intervention.

 Commercial: Automatic irrigation systems can be used in commercial landscaping, such as

golf courses, sports fields, and public parks, to keep the grass and other vegetation healthy
and green.

 Greenhouses: Automatic irrigation systems can also be used in greenhouses to control the
humidity and temperature levels, providing the perfect environment for plants to grow.

 Hydroponics: Automatic irrigation systems can be used in hydroponics to provide the correct
amount of nutrients and water to plants grown without soil.

Overall, the scope of automatic irrigation systems is quite wide, and they can be used in any
situation where plants need to be irrigated regularly and consistently.

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 1.3. Irrigation Control System Function

 User Interface: User interface allow the user to inter act with the system by sending
information to the controller by presenting information to user about the system. It’s generally a
computer or a smartphone
 Controlled Devices: Controlled devices include a wide range of equipment that this Arduino
and sensor is capable of. Here in our project, it is a motor.
 Programming Computer: Some system controllers allow the user to program the system with
the systems own user interface. Other system requires PC to program. Here we are accessing
Arduino IDE with the help of a PC.
 Controllers: Relay controllers provide the intelligent control functions in automatic irrigation
control.
 Sensing Devices: Sensing devices can report values, such as temperature and humidity etc. or
states.
 I/O Interface Devices: These devices provide the logical communication link between the
controllers and the controlled device systems.

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1.4. Advantages of Automatic Irrigation System

 Prevents Disease and Weeds Specialized drip irrigation systems direct water specifically to
each plant's root ball, rather than sprinkling the entire garden like a typical rainstorm. As a
result, surrounding weed seeds cannot germinate, so you'll have less weeding to do. Water at
the roots also prevents leaf diseases caused by standing droplets on the foliage. Because the
water does not strike the leaves or flowers, blight diseases have no chance of proliferating.

 Conserves Water and Time Hand watering with a hose or watering can takes substantial time
and early morning and evening watering rituals take away from family and work. Both drip
and sprinkler irrigation systems have timers that can be preset for daily or weekly watering
so you do not need to monitor the watering because the timer shuts the water off when it has
finished. Your water bill should be lower if the irrigation system is effective.

 Preserves Soil Structure and Nutrients Watering with a wide-open garden hose may allow
too much water to seep into the soil. As a result, nutrients leach out with the water runoff,
leaving the plants with fewer nutrients available. The soil may also become compacted when
you water with a hose. Plants may show signs of withering or root disease with suffocating,
compacted soil. Using either drip or sprinkler irrigation produces smaller droplets, helping to
preserve nutrients and reducing soil compaction.

 Gardening Flexibility If you have a busy schedule, you'll appreciate being able to work in
the garden at the same time as the plants are being watered. While one garden section is
being watered, you can plant and prune in another area.

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2. Block Diagram for Automatic Irrigation System

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3. Circuit Diagram for Automatic Irrigation System

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4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

 Arduino UNO

 Soil moisture Sensor

 LM 35 Temperature Sensor

 LCD

 Water Level Switch

 Speaker

 5V Relay

 Resistors

 5mm LED

 1N4007 Diode

 PCB/Breadboard

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 5. Description Of Hardware Requirements

5.1. Arduino UNO

Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a
microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that
runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board. The Uno
is one of the more popular boards in the Arduino family and a great choice for beginners.
Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras, the internet, and
even your smart-phone or your TV! This flexibility combined with the fact that the Arduino
software is free, the hardware boards are pretty cheap, and both the software and hardware are
easy to learn has led to a large community of users who have contributed code and released
instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects.
The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of
Arduino, now evolved to newer releases.

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5.2. Soil moisture Sensor
The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric content of water within
the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating, drying, as well
as sample weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content not directly with the
help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise interaction
with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content.

The relation among the calculated property as well as moisture of soil should be adjusted & may
change based on ecological factors like temperature, type of soil, otherwise electric conductivity.
The microwave emission which is reflected can be influenced by the moisture of soil as well as
mainly used in agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology.

These sensors normally used to check volumetric water content, and another group of sensors
calculates a new property of moisture within soils named water potential. Generally, these
sensors are named as soil water potential sensors which include gypsum blocks and tensiometer.

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 5.3. LM 35 Temperature Sensor
A temperature sensor is an electronic device that measures the temperature of its environment
and converts the input data into electronic data to record, monitor, or signal temperature changes.
There are many different types of temperature sensors. Some temperature sensors require direct
contact with the physical object that is being monitored (contact temperature sensors), while
others indirectly measure the temperature of an object (non-contact temperature sensors).
Among the contact temperature sensors are thermocouples and thermistors. A thermocouple is
comprised of two conductors, each made of a different type of metal, that are joined at an end to
form a junction. When the junction is exposed to heat, a voltage is generated that directly
corresponds to the temperature input. This happens on account of the phenomena called the
thermoelectric effect. Thermocouples are generally inexpensive, as their design and materials are
simple. The other type of contact temperature sensor is called a thermistor. In thermistors,
resistance decreases as temperature increases. There are two main types of thermistors: Negative
Temperature Coefficient (NTC) and Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC). Thermistors are
more precise than thermocouples (capable of measuring within 0.05-1.5 degrees Celsius), and they
are made of ceramics or polymers. Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTD) are essentially the
metal counterpart of thermistors, and they are the most precise and expensive type of temperature
sensors.
Temperature sensors are used in automobiles, medical devices, computers, cooking appliances
and other types of machinery.

5.4. LCD
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LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystals in its
primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for consumers and
businesses, as they can be commonly found in smartphones, televisions, computer monitors and
instrument panels.
LCDs were a big leap in terms of the technology they replaced, which include light-emitting diode
(LED) and gas-plasma displays. LCDs allowed displays to be much thinner than cathode ray tube
(CRT) technology. LCDs consume much less power than LED and gas-display displays because
they work on the principle of blocking light rather than emitting it. Where an LED emits light, the
liquid crystals in an LCD produces an image using a backlight.
As LCDs have replaced older display technologies, LCDs have begun being replaced by new
display technologies such as OLEDs.

Types of LCDs include:

• Twisted Nematic (TN)- which are inexpensive while having high response times. However,
TN displays have low contrast ratios, viewing angles and color contrasts.

• In Panel Switching displays (IPS Panels)- which boast much better contrast ratios, viewing
angles and color contrast when compared to TN LCDs.
• Vertical Alignment Panels (VA Panels)- which are seen as a medium quality between TN
and IPS displays.
• Advanced Fringe Field Switching (AFFS)- which is a top performer compared IPS displays
in color reproduction range.

5.5. Relay
Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits
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electrically and connect them magnetically. They are very useful devices and allow
one circuit to switch another one while they are completely separate. They are often
used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low voltage) to an electrical circuit
which works at very high voltage. For example, a relay can make a 5V DC battery
circuit to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. Thus, a small sensor circuit can drive, say,
a fan or an electric bulb.

A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output. The output
section has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage from an
electronic circuit is applied to it. This voltage is called the operating voltage.
Commonly used relays are available in different configuration of operating voltages
like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc. the output section consists of contactors which connect or
disconnect mechanically. In a basic relay there are three contactors: normally open
(NO), normally closed (NC) and common (COM). At no point state, the COM is
connected to NC. When the operating voltage is applied the relay coil gets energized
and the COM changes contact to NO.

5.6. Resister
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

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electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used to
reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power resistors that can
dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat may be used as part of motor
controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed
resistors have resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements (such as
a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing devices for heat, light, humidity,
force, or chemical activity.

5.7. LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a pn junction diode
that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to
the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device,
releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence,
and the color of light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by
the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2) And
integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.

5.8. 1N4007 Diode

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In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts
primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance), it has low (ideally zero)
resistance to the flow of current in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance
in the other. A semiconductor diode is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material
with a p-n junction connected to two electrical terminals.

6. System Implementation

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Circuit Schematic Diagram of the System

Pictorial Circuit Diagram of the System

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7. Experimental Result

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 8. Future Scope
Using this system as framework, the system can be expanded to include
various other options which could include mobile application control of motor and wi
fi controlled monitoring. These will expand the working capability and efficiency of
this prototype. It can be implemented not in agriculture but in gardens in any places
using the sprinkler concept. It has a vast scope when it is mixed with IOT. Automation
will get a new dimension through this.

Smart Irrigation Systems: These systems will use sensors and weather data to determine when
and how much water to provide to plants. They will be able to adjust the watering schedule
based on factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall.

Improved Water Efficiency: Future automatic irrigation systems will continue to focus on
improving water efficiency, reducing waste and promoting sustainability.

Integration with other Smart Technologies: The integration of irrigation systems with other smart
technologies like soil moisture sensors, smart weather stations, and plant health monitors will
provide more precise and accurate data for irrigation systems to make better decisions.

Remote Monitoring and Control: The ability to remotely monitor and control irrigation systems
from anywhere in the world will make it easier for farmers and homeowners to manage their
irrigation systems, reducing the need for onsite maintenance.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI-powered irrigation systems can analyze data from multiple
sources to predict water usage and optimize irrigation schedules. This will improve efficiency,
reduce costs and promote sustainability

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9. Conclusion

The automatic irrigation control using Arduino uno has been experimentally
proven to work satisfactorily and we could successfully set the timer and managed to
control the motor over time. This process not only records values of temperature and
humidity it also controls the motor accordingly. Analyzing the weather condition motor
will automatically maintain water supply making it possible to maintain greenery
without human intervention

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10. References

 https://www.arduino.org

 http://www.electronicshubs.org

 http://piborg.org/sensor-1136/hc-sr04

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