Marxist which focuses on power struggles of the characters.

This concerns class differences, READER-RESPONSE- Literature may be judged according to how the reader perceives it instead
economic , as well as the implications and complications of the capitalist system. Moreover, it is of what the author intends. The text itself has no meaning until it is read by a reader. The reader
interested in answering the overarching question, whom does it [the work] benefit? The elite? The creates the meaning. Analysis of the reader's role in the production of meaning makes someone's
middle class? Marxist critics are also interested in how the lower or working classes are oppressed - reading a function of personal identity. It recognizes that different people view works differently
in everyday life and in literature. and that people's interpretations change over time.

Feminist or the gender relationships of characters in the story. It advocates gender equality READ AND CAREFULLY ANALYZE THE SELECTION THAT FOLLOWS , THEN PROCEED DOING THE
especially towards women. It also examines how some aspects of our culture are inherently TASKS.
patriarchal or male dominated. The Hunchback of Notre Dame
To sum it up, here is a comparison chart of the typical questions to use for the two criticisms. Victor Hugo
During the 1482 Festival of Fools in Paris, Quasimodo, the hunchback of Notre Dame, is
MARXIST CRITICISM FEMINIST CRITICISM elected the Pope of Fools for being the ugliest person in Paris. He is hoisted on a throne and paraded
• Whom does it benefit if the work oreffort is • Is the author male or female? around Paris by the jeering mob. Pierre Gringoire, a struggling poet and philosopher, tries
accepted/successful/believed,etc.? • Is the text narrated by a male orfemale? unsuccessfully to get the crowd to watch his play instead of the parade. Archdeacon Claude Frollo
• What is the social class of theauthor? • What types of roles do womenhave in the text? appears and stops the parade and orders Quasimodo back to Notre Dame with him. Looking for
• Which class does the work claim torepresent? • Are the female characters theprotagonist or something to eat, Gringoire admires the graceful beauty of La Esmerelda, a gypsy street dancer, and
• What values does it reinforce? secondary and minor characters? decides to follow her home. After rounding a corner, she is suddenly attacked by Quasimodo and
• What values does it subvert? • Do any stereotypical characterizations of Frollo. Gringoire rushes to help her but is knocked out by Quasimodo as Frollo runs away. The King’s
• What conflict can be seen betweenthe values the womenappear?
Archers, led by Phoebus de Chateaupers arrive just in time and capture the hunchback. Later that
work champions andthose it portrays? • How does the author’s cultureinfluence his/her
• What social classes do thecharacters represent? attitude?
night, a group of beggars and thieves are about to hang Gringoire when La Esmerelda comes forward
• How do characters from different classes interact • What are the attitudes of male characters and offers to save his life by “marrying” him for four years only.
or conflict? towards the femalecharacters? The next day, Quasimodo is put on trial and sentenced to two hours of torture in the Place
de Grève. He suffers both the pain of being stretched and pulled apart as well as being publicly
Learning Task 1. Critical Reading: Read the poem below. humiliated by the crowd of people, who hate him for his ugliness. He begs for water, but no one
If We Must Die BY CLAUDE MCKAY answers his pleas until La Esmerelda comes forth and brings him something to drink. Nearby, a
If we must die, let it not be like hogs O kinsmen! we must meet the common foe! recluse called Sister Gudule, screams at La Esmerelda for being a “gypsy child- thief” and blames
Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot, Though far outnumbered let us show us brave, her for her daughter’s kidnapping fifteen years earlier. A few months later, La Esmerelda is dancing
While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs, And for their thousand blows deal one death-blow! in front of Notre Dame and Phoebus calls her over to him. She has fallen in love with him and blushes
Making their mock at our accursèd lot. What though before us lies the open grave? when he asks her to meet him later that night. Frollo watches them from the top of Notre Dame and
If we must die, O let us nobly die, Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack,
becomes insanely jealous of Phoebus. His obsessive lust for La Esmerelda has made him renounce
So that our precious blood may not be shed Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!
God and study alchemy and black magic. In his secret cell at Notre Dame, he plans to trap La
In vain; then even the monsters we defy
Shall be constrained to honor us though dead! Esmerelda like a spider catching a fly with its web. Later that night he follows Phoebus to his tryst
with La Esmerelda and stabs Phoebus repeatedly. He escapes and La Esmerelda is captured by the
King’s guard.
Poetry Foundation. (n.d.). If We Must Die by Claude McKay. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from After being tortured at her trial, La Esmerelda falsely confesses to killing Phoebus and being a witch.
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44694/if-we-must-die She is sentenced to hang in the Place de Grève. Frollo visits her in jail and declares his love. He begs
her to love him and show him some pity but she calls him a “goblin-monk” and a murderer, refusing
Learning Task 2. THINK-PAIR-SHARE to have anything to do with him. Before her execution, La Esmerelda is publicly humiliated in front
Directions: First, think of your answer to the following questions. Second, using any available app of Notre Dame. Looking across the square, she suddenly sees Phoebus and calls out his name. He
(i.e Messenger, SMS, Twitter, etc.) discuss your ideas with a classmate and revisit your answers. actually survived the murder attempt but doesn’t want anyone to know that he was injured. He turns
1. What was the author’s purpose for writing the poem? away from La Esmerelda and enters the house of his bride-to-be. Just then, Quasimodo swings down
2. Why did the author use apostrophe in most of the poem? on a rope from Notre Dame and carries her back to the cathedral, crying out “Sanctuary!” He had
3. To whom did the author direct the message of the poem? fallen in love with her when she brought him water and had been planning her escape all along.
4. Describe the situation of the persona in the poem. La Esmerelda is safe from execution just as long as she stays inside the cathedral. At first, she finds
it hard to even look at Quasimodo, but they form an uneasy friendship. Even though he is deaf, he
HISTORICAL – sees literature as both a reflection and a product of the times and circumstances
enjoys being around her when she sings. Meanwhile, a group of vagabonds resolves to save La
in which it is written.
Esmerelda after hearing that Parliament has ordered that she be removed from Notre Dame. But
when Quasimodo sees them attack the cathedral, he thinks they have come to kill La Esmerelda and Directions: Now that you are already able to identify the types of questions for an
he fends them off as best he can, killing a large number of them. Frollo has used the attack as a analysis of a literary selection using the historical and reader-response approaches, list
diversion to sneak La Esmerelda out of the cathedral. He offers her two choices: she can either say down 5 questions for each approach and provide the answers as well. Use the table:
she loves him or be hanged. She demands to be executed and he leaves her with Sister Gudule. To
their astonishment, they discover that they are mother and daughter. Gudule tries to protect La THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME
Esmerelda, but it is too late. Back at Notre Dame, Quasimodo goes to the top of the north tower to VICTOR HUGO
find her. Gazing off into the distance, he sees the figure of La Esmerelda in a white dress hanging
from the scaffold. He bellows out in despair and grabs Frollo by the neck. Holding him up in the air, HISTORICAL APPROACH
Quasimodo sighs with grief and then throws Frollo down to his death. Looking at La Esmerelda Your Questions Your Answer (In paragraph form)
hanging off in the distance and Frollo’s wrangled corpse down below, Quasimodo cries out: “There
is everything I ever loved!” Quasimodo is never seen again. Years later when a gravedigger stumbles
across La Esmerelda’s remains, he finds the skeleton of a hunchback curled around her.

Task 1
Directions: Read and analyze the two sets of questions below.
READER-RESPONSE
Your Questions Your Answer (In paragraph form)
SET A SET B
1.How does the work reflect the time when it 1. How does the author provide information or
was written? details to make the story seem realistic?
2.Does the story show or contradict prevailing 2. What real-life people or events are you
values of the period? reminded of by the characters or events in
3.What historical influences helped shape the the story? Explain why. Task 3
form and content of the story? 3. Why do you think the author wrote this Directions: Find words related to each approach and write them down inside the circles.
story?

From your analysis, write down at least three differences between the sets of questions.
1. _______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________

Task 2
Directions: Rearrange the scrambled letters to find the word that completes each consideration for
the corresponding literary approaches.
Reader-response
1. SLFAW in the plot
2. The theme and USEOPR of the text
3. Explain what you KILE or don’t like in the text
4. Explain why you agree or disagree with the writer’s REPSPCEIVTE
Historical
1. ENHW the work was written
2. NETVES occurring at the time of writing
3. Ideas circulating at the MEIT of writing
4. Author's HBYOAIRGP and social background
5. What the work TEMAN to the people who first read it

Task 3