Week 1-2 - reinforces the words, provides feedback
to others and defines relationships more
What is Communication?
Derived from the latin word
“Communicare” which means “to impart”,
“to share”, “to participate”.
One of the more essential human activities
that enable us to make connections,
create meanings, and nurture
understanding.
Etymological terms
Communicatio – Sharing or Imparting
Communis – Common or public
Communicare – to make common, to
share
Munus – duty or business
Communication is a process of
exchanging verbal and/or non-verbal
information between two or more people
who can be either the speaker or the
receiver of messages.
Three purpose of Communication
To Inform, To Persuade , or to Entertain
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Communication can be in the form of
written, verbal, nonverbal, and visuals,
and recently included Listening.
1. Written Communication
- A form of verbal communication, but it is
so different than spoken verbal
communication that this form gets its own
separate type. It can take the form of
anything you write.
2. Verbal Communication
- involves an exchange of information
through face-toface, audio and/or video
call or conferencing, lectures, meetings,
radio, and television.
3. Non-verbal Communication
clearly particular situation, whether formal
or informal. Anything that we do that
communicate.
Elements of Personal Communication by
Dr. Albert Mehrabian’s 7-38-55% Rule
7%
Spoken words
38% Voice, tone
55%
Body language
Types of Non-Verbal Communication
3.1. Facial Expressions
- They are used by humans to convey
various types of meaning in various
contexts. Facial expressions such as a
frown, a raised eyebrow, a smile can send
meanings depending on the context.
3.2. Proxemics
- the study of human use of space and the
effect that population density has on
behavior, communication, and social
interaction. It refers to an individual’s
perception of the use of space, both
personal and social.
Distance
Intimate – 0-0.46m or 0-1.5ft
Personal – 0.47-1.2m or 1.51-4ft
Social – 1.21-3.7m or 4.1-12ft
Public – 3.71m+ or 12ft+
3.3 Paralanguage
- Technical term for the voice cues that
accompany spoken words. How you say
the words, use of tone.
3.4 Gestures
- deliberate movements and signals.
Waving, pointing etc.
3.5 Body Language and Posture
- The way you move and carry yourself.
Posture, bearing, stance and the subtle
movements you make while talking or
communicating.
3.6 Oculesics or Eye gaze
The use of the eye while communicating.
Such as looking, staring and blinking.
Looking at another person can indicate a
range of emotions including hostility,
interest and attraction.
3.7 Appearance
One’s appearance does send a message.
For example, a professional teacher
wearing a rugged style in classroom.
3.8 Haptics
- Communicating through touch
3.9 Artifacts
- objects and images are also tools that
can be used non-verbally. Selecting an
icon or avatar to represent your identity.
4. Visual communication
- is delivering information by way of
graphical representations or visual aids.
5. Listening
- in order to be a great communicator you
need to master the art of listening.
COMMUNICATION CAN BE INTENDED
OR UNINTENDED
INTENDED COMMUNICATION
- You are planning what and how
you communicate your ideas to
other people
UNINTENDED COMMUNICATION
- You did not plan or you happen to
send non-verbal messages to
people you are trying to
communicate with.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Communicators
- People involved in communication,
sender or receiver.
2. The message
- The information that the sender wants to
convey
3. The Medium
- also called the channel, the means by
which a message is transmitted. This
medium is called language, using a
language common to both to
communicate.
4. Feedback
- The receiver, in turn, responds to the
sender.
5. Noise
- interference that takes place during the
communication process.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Model is widely used to depict any idea,
thought or a concept in a simpler way
through diagrams, representations etc.
1. Linear Model
- the mother model , one way
communication. The sender
communicates to the sender without
receiving feedback.
2. Interactive Model
- or convergence model, a two way
communication. Mostly used for new
media, like internet. A mass
communication, people can exchange
their views and ideas.
3. Transactional Model
- Sender and receiver takes turns to send
and receive message without any delay or
in real time, asap reply. Also called
circular model of communication.
COMMUNICATION FILTERS/BARRIERS
1. Cultural Barrier
- this arise if you don’t understand the
group’s required behavior patterns.
2. Language Barrier
- Inability to converse in a language
3. Physical barrier
- this can be anything from background
noise, distractions, interruptions,
equipment, connection glitches and the
like.
4. Perceptual barrier
- Anything that inhibits or prevents us from
making accurate perceptions is called
perceptual barrier or perceptual error.
5. Emotional Barriers
- becoming overly involved in your
emotions.
6. Gender Barriers
- women and men
7. Interpersonal Barriers
- unable to form genuine connections with
people because they have too many false
perceptions blocking the way.
WEEK 3-4
COMMUNICATION AND
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization
- The state of being globalized,
interaction and integration among
people.
- Used to describe the growing
interdependence of the world’s
economies, cultures, and
populations.
- Creates a global communication
system.
Impact of globalization on
communication skills Development
- Requires the development of a
person’s language ability.
1. Virtual Interactions
- virtual communication and
collaboration as a major part of
workplace dynamics
2. Cultural awareness in speech
- the ability to catch subtle nuances of
people’s manner of speech when
communicating across cultures
3. Cultural awareness in body
languages
- we should understand acceptable
speaking distance, conflict styles, eye
contact and posture.
3.1 The Korean Bow
3.2 The Ge4rman 1 – in the number 1
signified by the pointer finger, in
Germany they start counting with their
thumbs
3.3 The Indian Head shake – in india,
tilting their head means yes.
3.4 The Italian Pinecone
3.5 The French so-so
3.6 The swiss kisses – to greet
LANGUAGE AND GLOBALIZATION
Chat room – internet feauture that
allow people to communicate in real
time
Computer Literacy- emerging form of
literacy in the globalizing society
Cyberspace – general term for world
wide web
Digital Citizenship – oriented towards
the creation of conscious, critical forms
of integration in the globalizing society
Digital Competence – The confidence
and critical use of information society
technology
Digital Immigrants – the adult who
learn to adapt to their environment.
Digital natives – the young people who
are regarded as the native speaker of
the digital language of computers
Digital skills – refers to the ability to
evaluate a variety of technological
solutions
Emoji- creation of nuew alphabet and
icons
Emoticon – words without letters
conveying emotional responses
Ethnoscaoe – describes the global
culture which extends to the landscape
of pesons who form the shifting world
where we live
Hypersonal Communication –
computer mediated communication
that is more socially desirable than ftf
communication
Ideoscape - the movement of
ideologies, composed of ideas etc
Mediascape – electronic and print
media in global cultural flows
Mediamorphosis – transformation of
communication media that is usually
brought by the complex interplay of
perceived needs etc
OMG -acronyms
Selfie- greater focus on an individual
Streaming multimedia – refers to a live
audio and video available through a
website
Telemotic Network – the convergence
of telecommunications and information
processing. Internet etc
Virtual community – community that
exist in the world of electronic
community
Virtual reality- the use of computer to
simulate an experience in a way that is
obscure from reality.
WEEK 5-6
EVALUATING MESSAGES OR
IMAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
TEXT
1. Multimodal text
- Text that creates meaning by
combining two or more modes of
communication, such as print, the
spoken word, sound and images.
- There are three types of multi
modal
1.1 Print based multimodal text
- printed
1.2 Digital multimodal texts
- film, animations etc
1.3 Live multimodal texts
- dance, performance etc
MODES OF MULTIMODAL TEXT
1. Linguistic
- refers to any sort of written or spoken
text. Most common mode
2. Visual
- images and characters, such as marks,
signs and symbols.
3. Gestural
- movement, facial expressions and body
language, how we interpret it
4. Spatial
- Proximity, direction, position of layout,
organization of elements in a space, deals
with the physical closeness between
people and objects
5. sound, volume , pitch and rhythm of
music and sound effects
Infographics
- a visual representation of any kind
of information or data
- those that include lots of data,
ALWAYS include citations
functions of infographic
- Illustrating data
- Simplifying a complex subject
- Drawing a comparison
- Creating awareness
- Summarizing longer content
Types of Infographics
1. Statistical Infographics
- make use of typography, charts and
graphs to present research, facts and
figures in a visual way. This helps make
data look more interesting and easier to
digest than a bunch of plain numbers or
tables.
2. Informational Infographics
- Informational Infographics use a mix of
text and visual elements to explain or
simplify a topic, or guide readers through a
series of steps.
3. Process Infographics
- usually make use of flowcharts, diagrams
and even timelines to guide readers
through a series of steps or to help
simplify the decision-making process.
4. Timeline Infographics
- Timeline infographics are useful for
presenting information in a chronological
order.
5. Anatomical Infographics
- This type of infographic has a labelled
diagram format, which can help you
highlight and explain ingredients, product
parts, characteristics, personality traits
and more
PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUES
Propaganda refers to a type of message
aimed at influencing opinions and/or the
behavior of people. Propaganda may
provide only partial information or be
deliberately misleading. Propaganda
techniques are often found on television
and radio, as well as magazines and
newspapers.
Bandwagon
- is all about persuading the target
audience to take action. It’s about
creating an urge amongst people
to become a part of the “in crowd”.
Flag waving
- is using your countries flag to get
you to do something. This is Flag
Waving because it is trying to get
you to join the Marines out of love
for your country
Plain folks
- The ultimate goal here is to
demonstrate how the product is
meant for everybody and will
provide value to everyone
Oversimplification
- Favorable generalities are used to
provide simple answers to complex
social, political, economic, or
military problems.
Virtue words
– using words that tend to produce a
positive image when attached toa person
or issue
Testimonial
- uses renowned or celebrity figures
to endorse products and services.
Glittering generalities
- use of fancy words that elicit a
positive response or feeling from
you.
Ad Nauseam/ Repetition
- relies on the power of repetition of
advertisements
Experimental Propaganda
- This technique pertains to the
comparison of the prime brand to
the rival item.
Jingle
- This technique pertains to the use
of musical accompaniment to
promote a certain brand or
advocacy.
Storyline
- This technique relates a story in-
line with the product or program to
appeal to the emotions of the
viewers

EDITORIAL
- It is a section in newspaper or
magazines in which the writers or
editors share their opinion on
ongoing topics. It is believed to be
a brief essay on current issues;
Editorial Cartoon
- also known as a political cartoon,
is an illustration containing a
commentary that usually relates to
current events or personalities. An
artist who draws such images is
known as an editorial cartoonist
-