1. a) Create clear and concise project goals: Every project needs clear, quantifiable objectives.

Without these goals, a

project can never succeed.
b) Manage your risks: No project is risk-free. To manage risks, develop fail-safes, schedule buffers, and team backups.
Risk assessments, checklists, brainstorming, and reaction planning do this.
c) Establish a performance baseline: Project plans include cost, schedule, and scope. Set baselines, or KPIs, to
measure these three components while planning them.
d) Establish and maintain healthy communication: Communication determines project success. Project stakeholders
and your team must communicate well. Open and consistent communication will help you avoid problems, predict
risks, solve project conflicts, and coordinate operations and schedules in a way that works well.
e) Clearly define team responsibilities: Risk management prevents confusion during project execution when you
establish and describe team member duties. RACI charts help organise teams and manage activities, milestones, and
project decisions.
2. A) The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) produces high-quality, low-cost software in the shortest period. SDLC
software fulfils customer expectations. SDLC phases each have their own procedures and deliverables. SDLC
compliance speeds development and reduces project risks and expenses associated with alternative production
processes.
B) 1. Requirement Gathering and Analysis: This phase gathers client data to create a product that meets their needs.
Only this phase can clarify ambiguities. Business analyst and project manager meet with the customer to learn what
they want to construct, who will utilise it, and why. Understanding the product is crucial before constructing it.
2. Design: In this phase, the requirements gathered from the SRS document are used to figure out the software
architecture that will be used to build the system.
3. Implementation or Coding: When the developer gets the Design document, coding and implementation begin. The
architecture of the software is turned into source code. During this phase, all software parts are put into place.
4. Testing: After coding and module release, testing begins. This phase evaluates the created code and assigns defects
to developers. Regression testing continues until the software meets customer expectations. SRS document helps
testers ensure software meets client standards.
5. Deployment: The product is deployed in production or undergoes first UAT (User Acceptance testing) depending on
client expectations. UAT involves the customer and developers testing a production-like environment. The customer
authorises go-live if the application meets expectations.
6. Maintenance: After deploying a product to production, developers repair bugs and add features.
C.)1. Agile model: The methodology generates continuous releases, each with tiny, iterative improvements over the
prior version. Each iteration involves testing the product. Throughout the duration of the project, clients, developers,
and testers collaborate in this approach. However, as this approach relies significantly on client engagement, the
project can continue in the incorrect direction if the customer is unclear about the desired path.
2. Spiral Model: The Spiral model draws inspiration from the Iterative model and its repetition; the project repeats the
same four phases in a "spiral" until completion, permitting additional rounds of revision. This paradigm enables the
development of highly customised products that include early consumer feedback. You risk, however, creating an
infinite spiral for an ongoing project.
3. Iterative Model: represents the essence of recurrence. Instead of starting with completely comprehended
requirements, you implement a set of software requirements prior to testing, analysing, and finding additional needs.
Each phase or iteration produces a new version of the software. Repeat until the entire system is prepared. This
model provides a workable version early in the process and makes it less expensive to apply changes than other SDLC
models.

3. The proper execution of a software development project is just as vital as the planning that goes into it. It paves the
way for the success of the final product in the long run. The planning stage places further emphasis on the approach,
standards, and processes that are used when designing a software project. It acts as a guide to maintain the project in
accordance with the budget, resources, and deadlines that have been established. This, in turn, helps to fulfil the
goals that were set and maintains communication that is clear and effective.
4. a) Version control (source control) tracks and manages software code changes. Version control solutions assist
software teams track source code changes. Version control technologies enable software teams operate quicker and
smarter in fast-paced contexts. They help DevOps teams cut development time and improve deployments.
 b) It is essential to have effective version control in order to monitor changes and ensure that all members of a team
are working with the most recent version. You should make use of version control software for all of the code, files,
and assets that will be worked on collaboratively by many members of the team.
c) 1. Every single file and document should be version controlled: This feature must be used on all documents.
Controlling versions is supposed to bring order and security, therefore not having a routine is pointless. Automated
programmes also simplify the process. Using a dashboard, you can set labels and track document history. Thus, you
may quickly manage versions of projects, office procedures, regulations, internal paperwork, contracts, and other
documents.
2. Stick to a logical structure and file naming procedure: If there are no file naming restrictions, things won't be highly
organised. Again, an automated system does all of this for you, but if you are doing things manually, agree on a logical
numbering approach and follow it for every document to avoid misunderstanding. File storage will be easier, prior
versions will be less likely to be viewed, and everyone will be on the same page when editing, generating, or updating
documents.
3. Include helpful feedback and notes: Revision management software let you comment on changes. These are useful
for communicating changes and reasons. You could notify top management that an employee's contract is up for
renewal. Workflow changes may have rendered a procedure obsolete. Clear, understandable notes help everyone
track versions.
5. 1. Research Features: Analyze your team's needs and decide which features are essential and which are optional.
Choose a project management tool that promotes teamwork. Your team should find it useful and compatible with
their workflows and communication preferences.
2. Calculate the Cost: The programme will pay for itself if it simplifies team cooperation and project management.
Some monthly solutions cost hundreds, while others cost much less. Choose based on your budget. Consider expense
but pay for value. Tameday's freemium package, unlike others, includes all the capabilities you need to test the
software. Paid plans provide more projects, users, and storage.
3. Test the Alternatives: Read reviews, ask for recommendations, and don't pick the first app you see. Consider if the
product will improve your team's workflows when comparing alternatives. Most project management systems
provide a free trial to try them out.Instead of watching a demo, spend a few weeks using the software. Tameday
doesn't need a credit card.
4. Get Team Feedback: Encourage team members to test PM software, not only the project manager. Ask your team if
they would utilise it after testing. Implementing it if your team won't use or benefit from it is pointless.After
considering everyone's input, tell your team why you chose this app.
5. Get Everyone on Board: After researching features, cost, alternatives, and team feedback, you choose the finest
tool for your team. Create a plan to implement it and encourage your staff to use it. Adoption matters. Make sure
everyone knows how and why to utilise the software. If anyone has questions, support is crucial since most of us will
need time to adjust to a new way of working.
6. 1. Be transparent:
Companies that are open about their challenges and encourage employees to speak their minds often reach their
goals faster. Effectively managing workplace diversity has many benefits. Transparency and openness empower
employees to share their creative solutions. Employee engagement, workplace culture, and customer relations
improve.
2. Promote creativity:
Innovating may help companies stay ahead. Inspiring creativity and adaptability in team members starts with a
culture of innovation. Encourage your team to discuss current situations and brainstorm. Maintaining a non-
judgmental workplace where team members are encouraged to share ideas, reasoning, and thoughts is also crucial.
Doing so can inspire them to innovate and exceed expectations.
3. Use teammates' strengths:
Teammates have different strengths and weaknesses. Employee personality tests can help determine this. These tests
reveal team members' personalities and skills. Work with team members' strengths, not weaknesses, to foster
collaboration. You can use their aptitude to assign tasks that match their strengths or pair them with teammates who
complement their weaknesses.
4. Command from above:
A leader who stays in an office, isolated from the team and in a superior bubble, is unmotivating.
Maintain open communication between organisational hierarchies. Managers should pitch in with staff.
5. Encourage and reward:
Even the most diligent workers need a reward for achievement. Reward individuals and teams. Employees will see the
benefits of working together, encouraging future cooperation.
6. Use appropriate technologies:
 You need collaboration-friendly technologies to establish an unified working atmosphere. This will speed up work so
employees can focus on teamwork and innovation. Cloud-based software is becoming mainstream. A cloud-based
idea management tool can help your employees interact and create new ideas at scale. Keep up with technology to
motivate your staff.
7. 1. Define Expectations:
Goals help track progress. A good plan outlines the project's scope, tasks, and timeline. Breaking down the project
requires knowing its goals and deliverables and how to achieve them. To ensure project completion, you'll need to
know how long each task will take and who will execute it. Clear project expectations keep your team on track and
make monitoring easier.
2. Regularly Monitor:
For rookie project managers, finding the right balance between monitoring too much and too little is difficult. You
may appear to be micromanaging and distrusting your staff if you check in with them daily. If you wait too long
between check-ins, you may discover the project is behind schedule or hit a serious snag.
3. Data Collection Method:
Know how you'll acquire team data before collecting it. If you ask project participants to self-report, you may have to
spend time reminding them to report or tracking project progress. A standing meeting at the appropriate interval can
help everyone remember and acquire the information you need. That could involve a fast weekly meeting to report
progress. These gatherings let you discuss issues. Keep meetings brief and focused to maximise efficiency.
4. Adapt:
Based on information, monitoring a project's progress requires changing expectations. A delay in initial programming
delays the rest of the software product's development. If testing goes faster and has fewer issues than predicted, you
may be able to release the software product sooner. Missing a task deadline can delay the project. If you're building a
new training programme, the slide designer can't finish until the outline and content writer is done. Software testers
can't work till developers finish.