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Inequalities
Basics of inequalities
Basics of inequalities
Basics of inequalities
 if a & b are of same sign i.e. ab > 0

4. a > b

if a & b are of opposite sign i.e. ab < 0

Intervals and their Representation on Real Lines:
1. x > 2

1. x < 2

1. x ≥ 2

1. x ≤ 2
Intervals and their Representation on Real Lines:
5. 2 < x ≤ 4

5. 2 ≤ x ≤ 5

5. 1 < x < 4

5. 1 < x < 3 or 5 < x < 9

1. it is also written as x ∈ (2, ∞)
2
2. it is also written as x ∈ (-∞, 2)
2
3. it is also written as x ∈ [2, ∞)
2
4. it is also written as x ∈ (-∞, 2]
2

5. it is also written as x ∈ (2, 4]

2 4
6. it is also written as x ∈ [2, 5]
2 5
7. it is also written as x ∈ (1, 4)
1 4
8. it is also written as (1, 3) ∪ (5, 9) We use ‘∪’ to represent it.
1 3 5 9
 Wavy of Method
So far we,have learnt solving equations mostly, in mathematics. Now let’s start
dealing with inequations.

By end of this method we will solve following question in 20 seconds.

Solve for x:
1. x − 1 > 0 2. 7x − 4 < 0 3. −3x + 2 < 0
Solve the following equations: 3x + 17 ≤ 2(1 − x)
Solution:

−∞ −3 0 +∞
Solve the following inequations:
Solution:

−∞ 0 4 +∞
Solve for x: (x − 1) (x − 4) < 0
Solution:
(x - 1) (x - 4) < 0

We should want those values of x for which

(x - 1) and (x - 4) are of opposite sign

(x - 1) - + +

(x - 4) - - +
(x - 1) (x - 4) 1 4 +
+ -
Solve for x: (x − 3) (x − 5) > 0
Solution:

Solve (x - 3) (x - 5) < 0

(x - 3) - + +

(x - 5) - - +
x ∈ (-∞, 3) ∪ (5, ∞)
(x - 3) (x - 5) + 3 - 5 +
 Steps of Wavy curve Method
Make sure RHS is zero & coefficient of x in all the factors is +ve.

Step 1: Put all factors equal to zero & mark corresponding values of x
on real line.

Step 2: Put + on extreme right & change the sign alternatively moving
toward left.
Solve for x: (x − 1) (x − 4) > 0
Solution:

(x - 1) (x - 4) > 0
x = 1, 4

x ∈ (-∞, 1) ∪ (4, ∞)
Solve for x: (3x − 2) (x − 4) ≤ 0
Solution:

(3x - 2) (x - 4) ≤ 0

4
Solve for x: (x − 3) (4x − 1) (x + 2) ≤ 0
Solution:

(x - 3) (4x - 1) (x + 2) ≤ 0

-2 3
(x − 2) (3x − 5) (x + 3) < 0

D
(x − 2) (3x − 5) (x + 3) < 0

D
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
A

D None
A

D None
Solution:
(a) (b)
(a)
Solution:
(b)
Solution:
(a) (b) (x2 + 1) (x − 2) (x − 4) > 0
(a)
Solution:

-4 4
(b) (x2 + 1) (x − 2) (x − 4) > 0
Solution:

Since (x2 + 1) is always positive it will not affect the

inequality.
Thus
(x – 2) (x – 4) > 0
x = 2, 4
(x − 2) (x − 3) < 0 & (x − 5) (x − 6) > 0
Solution:

2 3 5

2 3

Common in both is (2, 3)

Solve for x: x2 < 9
Solution:

-3
3
Generalized Wavy Curve Method
Algorithm of Generalized Wavy Curve Method
Make sure the RHS is zero and the coefficient of x in all the factors is positive.

Step 1
Put all the factors equal to zero and mark the corresponding values of x on real
line.

Step 2
Put “+” on the extreme right and start moving towards left. If you encounter an
odd power factor, then change the sign, and if you encounter an even power
factor, then continue the same sign.
Solve the following inequation.
Solve the following inequation. (a)
Solution:

+ + − + +
−7 −3 2 4
Solve the following inequation. (b)
Solution:

− − − +
−3 1 2
Solve the following inequation. (c)
Solution:

+ + − − +
4 5 6 7
Solve the following inequation. (d)
Solution:
(a) (b) (1 − x)4 (x − 2)3 > 0
(a)
Solution:
( x −2 )3 ( x – 21)6
≤ 0
( 2x – 3 ) 2

– 3/2 – 2 + 21 +

x ∈ ( − ∞ , 3/2 ) ∪ ( 3/2 , 2 ] ∪{21}

(b) (1 − x)4 (x − 2)3 > 0
Solution:
(x− 1 )4 ( x − 2 )3 > 0

– 1 – 2 +
(x - 1)4 (x - 2)3
Even Power Odd Power
x ∈ (2, ∞ )
find the value of x.
Solution:

+ - - +

0 1 3
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