1 1

Objectives

● Describe the characters of viruses and Coronavirus

● Identify factors which could control the transmission
● Understand the importance of the respiratory system and explain how
COVID-19 affects the respiratory system

2 1
 Objectives

● Describe different types of sanitisers and the key chemical components.

● Compare different sanitisers commercially available.
● Perform an experiment to examine the effect of different chemical
components on the viscosity of sanitisers.
● Carry out a scientific investigation to investigate the effect of sanitisers’
component and concentration on turbidity

3 1
Objectives
● Understand the basic moment of forces and three classes of lever system in
order to develop your dispenser design
● Develop conceptual understanding of mechanical advantage and efficiency
● Explore the mechanism of the dispenser designs available in the market
● Design the sanitiser for your hands-free dispenser
● Create a campaign to raise public awareness to prevent the spreading of
COVID-19

4 1
 COVID-19
Your company,Thai Med Company, has
signed a contract with the government
1. To design a cost-effective hands-free
dispenser
2. To find a formula for a sanitizer
3. To create a campaign to raise
people’s awareness
Your team needs to deliver this contract
for the government to help them prevent
the spreading of COVID-19

5
● What is COVID-19?
● How is the world affected by COVID-19?

6 1
● Who do we work for?
● What have we been commissioned to do?
● Why is this work so important?

7 1
 To design a proper dispenser
and the formula of our sanitizer,
we will need to understand the
structure and characteristics of
Coronavirus which will help our
team to find a way to control
them.

What do we need to know about viruses? 8 2.1

 1. What are the two important components of a
virus?
2. Why does a virus need to infect a host
3. How does the virus affect the host?
4. Watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5DGwOJXSxqg
5. What are the main characteristics of
Coronavirus?

What do we need to know about viruses? 9 2.1

The different patterns of Covid-19
transmission in different countries
will help us to understand the
factors affecting the different
patterns of transmission.
Therefore, we will know the
messages which need to be
communicated in our campaign to
draw people’s attention and to
present ways in which they should
use our products and prevent
transmission.

How Dangerous is the Coronavirus? 10 2.2

 1. How is Coronavirus spreading across
the world?
2. What are possible factors affecting
different patterns of transmission
among different countries?
3. How do the different countries reduce
the transmission?

How Dangerous is the Coronavirus? 11 2.2

 This image shows a CT scan
from a man with Covid-19.
Pneumonia caused by the
new severe acute respiratory
coronavirus 2 can show up as
distinctive hazy patches on
the outer edges of the lungs,
indicated by arrows.
Photograph: AP

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 12 2.3

 1. What are the structures of the lung
that we can see in the picture?
2. What process happens in the
structures? How does it happen?
3. Why is the process important?
4. What happens when fluid is in this
part of the respiratory system?

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 13 2.3

 5. What happens to the rib
cage, the intercostals
muscle and the
diaphragm?
5.1 During inhalation
5.2 During exhalation

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 14 2.3

 In healthy persons who are not
infected by Covid-19
1. What happens to the
oxygen level in the blood as
it passes through the lungs?
2. Why is this important?
3. How can we measure this
effect?

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 15 2.3

 If somebody is suffering from pneumonia caused by Covid-19,
1. How will oxygen level be affected?
2. How will you know this?
3. Why does this happen?
4. How does this affect the patient?

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 16 2.3

 In healthy persons who are not
infected by Covid-19
1. What happens to the carbon
dioxide in the blood as it
passes through the lungs?
2. Why is this important?

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 17 2.3

 If somebody is suffering from pneumonia caused by Covid-19,
1. How will this affect the exhalation of carbon dioxide from the
body?
2. How does this affect the patients?

How does Coronavirus affect our body? 18 2.3

 Before developing our own
sanitiser, it is important for our
team members to understand
different types of sanitisers and
various components used in the
sanitisers
1. What are the types of sanitisers?
2. What are their key components and
their function?
3. How do these components kill the
virus?

Chemistry behind sanitisers 19 2.4

 We are going to conduct a piece
1. What are the key components in the
of market research to explore
commercially available sanitisers?
different hand sanitisers that are
2. Which composition is the most cost
commercially available so that
effective and user friendly, and why?
we can later decide how we can
make our own product better

Market research on sanitisers 20 2.5

 One key chemical in sanitisers is
alcohol. So, it is crucial for our
team to explore how alcohol
concentration determines the
effectiveness of sanitisers in
killing germs
Sanitiser properties
1. Is rubbing fingers with napkins enough
to remove germs? Why?
2. Which alcohol concentration in
sanitisers is required to kill germs?
Why?
21 2.6
 Not only alcohol, but also other
chemicals like glycerine and 1. How do glycerol and hydrogen
hydrogen peroxide are included peroxide affect the viscosity of
in sanitisers. So, we are going to sanitisers?
explore how these additional
chemicals can affect the viscosity
of sanitisers

Sanitiser viscosity 22 2.7

 Now, we need to investigate how
the different compositions can
affect the turbidity of sanitisers.
The reason is because we will
need to select an appropriate
composition and turbidity to suit
the dispenser that we finally
design.
Sanitiser turbidity
1. How can different compositions
affect the turbidity of sanitisers?
2. How does the type of dispenser
affect the composition of
sanitisers?
3. Which component and
concentration should include in our
sanitiser? Why?
23 2.8
 Now we have an idea about
1. What is a dispenser and why do we need it?
our sanitiser, we can now
move on to develop 2. What factors could affect moments of force?
understanding of moments of 3. Where can we find this kind of mechanism in
force and the mechanism of
a dispenser?
dispensers.

Engineering behind dispensers 24 2.9

 Now, to understand the use of
1. What are the different classes of lever
basic machines in dispensers,
system? How do they work?
we need to develop an
understanding of the different 2. How can we apply levers in developing
classes of lever system and
our hands-free dispenser design to
how to apply levers in our
reduce the spread of COVID-19?
dispenser design.

Lever systems 25 2.10

 1. How can we measure the performance
To build an effective hands-
of a dispenser working as a machine?
free dispenser, it is crucial for
2. How does mechanical advantage affect
our team to understand the
the performance of a machine?
concepts that determine the
3. What performance parameters should
performance of a machine.
we measure while designing our
dispenser?

Mechanical performance 26 2.11


We need to conduct a piece of
market research to explore
dispenser designs and study
their mechanisms to inform the
development of our dispenser.
Market research on dispensers
1. What are the key mechanisms
behind the observed dispensers?
2. How have levers been utilised in
those designs?
3. How could we improve those
hands-free dispenser designs to
reduce transmission of COVID-19?
27
2.12
Now, as a team, we ● The hands-free dispenser
need to finalise our ● The sanitiser
designs to solve the ● The public awareness campaign
problems

28
 1. What design should we have for our hands-free
dispenser?

Let’s begin with our 2. Why should we use that design?

3. Explain our dispenser design, including its
design of the
components, functions, and reasons behind
hands-free choosing the components and design.
4. What are the alternative designs available and
dispenser
why did you not choose those alternatives?
that aims to minimise
5. How can our dispenser help reduce the
direct contact spreading of COVID-19?

29 3.1
 1. What composition should we use for our sanitiser?
To design an effective 2. Why did we choose to include those components

hand sanitiser, we and concentrations?

3. Explain our sanitiser composition, including its
need an appropriate
components, functions, and reasons behind the
sanitiser components and design.
4. What are the alternatives and why did you not
composition
choose those alternatives?
that can kill germs and 5. How effective is it in killing germs and minimising

is suitable for our the spread of COVID-19?

dispenser
30 3.2
To properly inform 1. What should we include in our campaign?
2. What media should we use for our campaign?
the public about 3. What method of communication should we use for
COVID-19 and its our campaign?
4. Explain our campaign, including its contents
preventative (information, advice, and guidance), the media
measures to reduce and communication method, and the general
public audiences, each with supporting reasons.
transmission, we 5. What are the other ways in which the information
need a well-thought could be presented? Why do you think our chosen
method works more effectively?
public awareness
campaign 31 3.3
 Now, we need to
evaluate the solutions
and presentations
made by other teams

32 5.1
 1. Have we solved the problem?

2. How do we know we have solved it?

Moreover, we need to 3. Are there any alternatives that could

evaluate our final be more effective?

solutions to the 4. Why might they be more effective?

problems
5. What other improvements could we
make to our solutions?

33 5.1
 1. Compare the things good teams tend to
do with the incidents in our team
2. Write a few notes to briefly describe each
Finally, we need to incident
evaluate how well we
Good teams… We did this…
work as a team on
Learn to talk and listen
solving these Keep records
problems Organise the tasks, etc.

34 5.2