unis-T DIG\THL — ComMUNICATION Infor MATION !~ Bt Aufined asthe erowled 5 B CommuniGrtad betven ty any mute a ‘otelligonce that int DIGITAL MaDULATION I «1 Bb prgitally modulstod amolog grynals Carries) peste? YO A, from Soler fo, dormmunrcahron Syshem. a tinh froquoney Enric ate rmedulahot by dow feoquemy digttal infocrabton Signals & Digital modulatror Spme dius cabled digital Adi? » because arg ielly modulated Qgnala Go We. pre oorsth& abmesphae ard wed In wisdtess torn ouniorlton systems » Aalirantnges: - |. Ease a fropecssiry a. Ease J muttiplorerng 3B. Noise Yeornunity Fox vigital modulating ssqrad , DIGiwAc NgQDULATTON Vact) c Ve Sir CWet+ ect) voov ASK Fsk PSK N\ a) ropitude et hoyity 3. Pluse w ‘ L he Quaddature amplitinds wedalatrorsApplications } - OD tow gpeod vota-band data Communiovronmedoms + (found to moet porsoral domputars ) Ain Higbspet dada deonsm TseP> Systoms , CBreadbond Digital Subsemiboor Lines Cosi) . Ci) igh! microvewe and Sabollite dormunicatron Syshoms . Civ) Cattulay telephone Ponsoral Communicaron : Systems Cece) DIGITAL ModUCATION SYSTEMS » P ptgiTAt Lapio] . Hedlum Grong pingenton welt)Ticeoe Matton CAPACITY, BIT RATE AND BAUD: IncormATION CAPACITY * ast BA erste UB ormount a Fopprmat1e Con we Propagate dtroovgh a doremunicalyon System amd ik B% Peery beret ae emareee Fi due numnbor 2 Gnde powdewk a Bd Acprosouls Syroboals thls cam lot Comvind Hrrvugh o Sychorm RA given une A tne - tal ol wed to we Tae meak basic arg lame BINARY DIG O9) eit. fopweseut Prgprmeaboo the Homer iu b ton tomeweut tp Oxposs He Soipeeraher Capacity Syston 0% ° tos fake - * git Aate 2 dopined ak the numbel 4, Bts od Fo ts por hransintttod Per gocord ond & Caprese Sorord Cbps): Hors 404 g flows 41498, Bell telephon? Lab developed a usof) pabakronship arelurrdif, Poomawsésv? rng nigra ofS a rt gets thaks ar T > Srfpowatwr capacity (Cbps) pr BW Cte) ime Coc vonds}) t> hromamibser‘fons abpre equatron Ut can be obsorves? Harb posmaliyn Capacity B a Linoor tinction G Bandurdtir 2 bomsmicenn me are Ub diroetly prpostinal tobelh. Shannon's Infor walter Capacity tReosern HF Driprmabion Capaethy 8, polabed Aro tie bandwidth ord Sarat +> Noice aatry CEN) ae The bagher Ho saat bo nerse gatro Got Har bello the portormane ana fe hopin fe Fopormatron Capecetty > Tho” SHannson Umit For caceemnnnrton OFRACITY b Le Bley [rear] —7o i: & tag (Ie e *P aa fess] a) he T= 3328 log 10 who, L— Lofpematty Capacity (bps), B — Bardlsiath Chote) - gakt>- Cuwdtlus) , afys— Saod fe ree pit RATE & RIAD = fo tan Aako oN chong e a Bir enre = angi Repormat non Sopra shack & wally linavy. aud lee IBkaale , B also a Jake op evorge5 however 9 bavel Aafors to tee sake vy barge Qa tiny tag PearUrrdéHOY modiu in after On coding inedulaktor howe accused)a fo oterharal-+ Baud 6 defined as Rabe of chore 4 output gh tae modulator. 4 % Hone, baud a unk Q tamsmresson Aake, melulatern §abe. Gs) Gyrleol fake amd, Atoreppie the teams ny Qgenontc pot Souvd ate often Used} Priarchargankly 4 Bit Rabe & Mako ob charge G Thpuk teftee modulator ond una > bets por second: & » Caud pate & tur Nurober 2 unite por Soeord - Baud faho b Lox tren Or equal reo Wh Aate . Vathomabically , baud 8 the Lecipovea! Grie dme of one out pub; Srmnablivyy clomeut”, and A Sanalling olarrout may Aeppresout sovonal Pofornatron LBs. baud % onpreested a4 AD (eud = 14 Cad — Surnbet Aaho . Chawd pot Second ) ke —tHrw & on Pynallirg eorment Osererd) , Minimum NYQuieT @d BANDWIDTH @) FeeQuency\- 44 Ginacy degitl Goyuls canlst propagated teasough Pdoad nae, tromumieespn muclium at a Rake cqual Free ee aus bared @ mudioro Cfi=?® FH the miniourr beardtdt necestomy Fe propagate. 4 henal b Called te minimum Nyquet bandwidth cov) Har mundmum Ayguist frequency. [d= 28] dy— BH sabe to bps e@— Felea! Nyquist bard welt .HK Usry multilevel Szrolltty y the Nyqui yore yn for “ohannd Capreity 9 He Myguost frvnnalatre f= 2Bl9.4 ——~® whe , 4, = chon) capaciry [rs B = minimum nyquast aw gq. discrete snrol@ovalege detls bo Gulwe for tee Av pass Mary Mx NureletA & 1 @ Or be goccsrarrgoA minimure bardoidthr nocesse’) digitally modulared Carriers » Bo $e —) \og.™ ; gn peducer * eoh NG gubetitwted f° loq.M B= —© (ef nyqut en a each Wo 4 tos on AmpLiTuDe geet REYING Crrsk) Define yn” @ Amptitete analog Corvier B varied with gospoct ty fae winar Pofuemattor red % Callod ;tude Hoye boxy Cnsk) Rise B also calleel | pigilel arm tte sneohlatton CDM)» icin ouly. dey armpits Ba fier tmadalattor v7 AK Ase. » mote matically doopaesscd 4 , Upex C6) = C14 Veet] [ze ews} —@P Nira Ct) = Aroplidaale ohete begins bora Vm tt) = Digitml modulating Sered Cvolts) 4 = Unmodulated Grrrl drgplitewde Colts) ek = dealo Corin Aadian frequency “pihmuro Nyquist Bord nit and Solty wet pmnen Bb S| N+ punter 4 Lake Onvedadd tora cal enppallerg AAV Gy GraqGicihy @) welts Hemnemit digit date OVOr ophicad fib . (39 a0 otbarprete Pines, used upto 1200 bps - Drecha s+ Gy) Ase b very ueaapriphe de pees « (3) pt wesl ot lov ERT pak upty two bis/t0Feeguenscy giney KEUNG : (FSK). sweet: $e eSk modalahion Scheme wrod fo dowspaed og in\| daly provumienior Byetoms: A Fst ba form a Oondtant Arete ange modulation: Ths medulitng Sqr) B a binwy Gamal thal vor? betwen tro disbwohp vetage bt oe x Pek abo Called as timory Foe [BEET Pee praquen the Carvin th Shifted Aceoscog “ te rt honey Byer Cinfpomotton) , where fe frase Corset or Unagfe'cho . BESK Agra Can be exrrettad At Vest) = Ve ane( 200 4 Ad Mott) te] — 5 oro * Needs bray Fe Vo as Peal: arradeg Qe ton de oS drulog Cari . . Ap > feak ghiftasn orge 1” serie . Vintd) —& Invrony topul Cox) gies modus ‘) grad A Dh Symbol “AB bronasrni theo! 5 Vint = AY ye SD tae ¥ The Contr fro mon bo up ard down ?n froqueniy i) A ep heuer io bolowrfir. dom by Ieee bssriarey Input 4 vesk (&) = Vo cos Cor $erapye) bes Ggrokol £ —© tf SypnboP © —® Ves (t) = Ve cos) on (he 4§)4s the loiney Vp charges [pom logic ‘0 da loge” eH Vice versa, Hee Op froquency varios ahikis beborcer to fooquovstios , lA roa GH) Logie’ 4 foequonny Chor) orru 2. h Fate oD Lege” 0 » Che. Frenventy DEMIATION | Zs depres) as the difference between etic mack (fr) Gr Space fraquency Of) amd Contor, fraquoncy Cf), God Hall the olffermree bobureon movste (fer) ore) Space frequency Ofs) . frp = 4 = Ifro-fs | Hag +g z ‘ f ' fs fe. drm Logic’ \ Binar { input? elle jet fete, Fst dias domain rercegosin Re eng g.fowis tobe + Araleg PIAA A / op ds fm WW of Binzsy Sfp Charyos from logic to 2 Oecd whee versa HA frequency Shifts frore “Space tomar drnd ViCo VORA, , fa? Mork frequen vy Fee ta ee (fe a ee eeFSK Teancsn iTT6e .- let M fede fim \ = Any Ke Lee fidalats op yt ere NRZ veo Tb Binawy PMs Rely eq Lip Binoy Fst modulate : ot est modulator bb Bmilars +? medulatos & ' ton A voltage Cortese of The Cotol prononey fe Chursen tak, ub wokwaory morse ard Spaue rent wots more, fear “ appuk ghattirg the veo fp on eo Me Hr no afp rote See: fremeoney B) at logic kA Vo PSK medulabor Can be oporwted yo He Swoepmedt y Whole Peak Proyuonay dbaterttv7 CAp) B the product gry Sn put volnge and deviatron coustivity A Veos tt Cam be expresso JAp = Von (8) bi P—Reak froquer (#2) whore , Ay — Moat fooquency doxrratron alk). Vint) —> Peak binary modulating, Sgro) voltoge ky > devmtron Sones Lp Cou, the ampbinde 4 tre Ve Beye, Can be either logic ‘Oo om logie 1 londitron » Hones fee Pore frequency deviation B constany Ralumys asus monimum Wale Yip aeifteng the veo 7 ve Gite the Tonk vallege & Saree fos a logic!” as its fs eqic’ 0°, Hie magnitade fy the frequency cleviatton, b also the Game pow 4 logic \" as Uv fr eq" o .Pom ew eare & Baud Rave & Sand wtoTH ve Te time Q one bit Cte) same as Ems“ ras. (05) Space proqwr Fa Fsk output - von Rae 1 bik Heme equads the Hee g ese Byoals opting elenront, are TAH bat pate equal +o thio Kane! « haut e doc Te bawth de ode of [ ey tntatiatny wel] Fhe minimum bedwidth fur LFS , p=|Qef.)—Cho-f | B =| fe fol+ 2 fs fine f A Fine, |fe-fro| <2 4p, Mw miniroum bendwidlt irvalool a4, ne 2CAg+4.) where , B — Minimum Nypassh Denali C82) At —Faoquon ea dviatton Ho) fn—Jp tat Xathe .Cbps)non-conecenT Exe Analg raonte be Fr Spmee PONT cocked Sr 5 my Envelope de es ie tm aw ae \" > Date Op EPF a aay ole Cormparentvs . gsde Ler) POwDA . Qerch te a Envelope deleo hows ghevus woh hv prides pulpal which e Joregaat two powat eeu deloctron Norn exfteront detocbrwn jn te emis te 4 peQausd | thea % no peered jovolved damedllation preour’ Qe) Syncberons 204 citar 19 froqueny phe 6s both wilh tae FSe ia coneeent FSE REcervee! - Fak RECEIVER: ROM if OALOK whieh b ye Raceivod sone > peamamitior 3240222 4 oF . axe et onsen) ete hwo fronntes a Me toca ‘i int both tim Goporone » wr a Onkwont PS detocrivn V edidorn used: Ady” Emplnentedror Sragle sin expondve na aA FRED atfectad Js Wo poise Taam ASK. DISAAV: y prcbalslity A eros fre RrK toga! br ,haghecr Than BPA . pee) =1- exfe Ee where, EL Enorgy por bE. 2Ne No» poworspe ube oloneity A Mahe bordwidlth b aequired oneise vw Exor palo %o moe ComPervadl +0 pepe .Appli catrens 4 FSbi- # Veh Wy bow perypsmance low & | a of, ASynelssonous dabry medams, which are Weel tos data donorouinctentty : Oo arulog ; Yolo ~Land telephone tines . ms PHase SoeT KEYING (Psk] Go) Bary Rex (reskl:- woot B a ome medulated Oonatont amelitode Aegita) meddattyn shorne - win tis, te Popul % binmwy dqnal amd there Unittad number 4 phaset possilte - 4 Sofie weclubetion » tue Joput borogy eipral encodad tte poop 4 RIS Dna Grmp, number o Is 4 te 2 GI) more - aanges from w The number 9 oupub phases (0m) b bases! on num bos @ bts Fo tan. Qroup Cn)» - Binoy Poki- ye The ate HH? phases ane peseitse one a orcuts a (09¢ ama offer phase kopooson!s a loge “oO: es “Ly logic 0 the Vp. changes ite Ste fom logic # when 1s Tp ell abufts he pase 4 fhe see Igo ig (PRO Defi A eo Te dine Gans wave medulabror oh ConBes Transmitter as a phe fe vores) Suttch + tro bogie Condition OF digital Popub , His Casrior Fo-praie On 1ed ” Kecording , reomsfortied to the oulpud aie ouk oy Prane with Wa2 feforence gavier oxcllator. Balanced Eig Medulatoe!- _ ae: + J Svoet herion i webletad "te i L , la ee Bae Fix binary 4 (WDi4 Da ate ori 8 DasDy OFF Ay ancl te) N raps OFF af \fesket (igs) 5 Z barary"o Cv) Dady On» 4 The balereh rocectato> has turn pb, ore ai barony dais, anol out e inphase ooith tee Aedore nce oscilla bos: t To oporte the balanveoh raduldhor prorpropeny the abjie) bdo “Ip voltage must be mueb restr tea Ho pork Carrion voting?ae the digit) Yp ombols Me on[ore Sint oh dices . Fes borvroy 4 (avaheqes’) dlrode Deda cbe Foovineclesateel = amd ON B Dardy we OCF ue averscel based. binasy © Dae dy on, DIADa ae OFF. So ge - ALO Bovorsact Wy Sfp CarrOA sot 4 The camica Vig developad $0 pete Ts b 1ey out & phate With, We Carrion Woliye aoe Ty a The Jp & 5 Vee awk g, phase with +e Aap eacnrce rT. Code Bs rawy Vp | Sfp phase ; a o | \8v y, |? C49) \ (oaudele \ - ’ wg 4 8 _ “Binwkel Bower — togte’o { logic’ ” Phasordmpiom — | * teeweh ( 40") Hw Atonsiallatwr Atagram (oo Byra) gtahe pee dmqrom b Geile do Phaser diegprom Oxeopt Yak Me ra phasor & rol drawn xin a demstellatron dingo , only tts solativo postin FOL pees phatoo we Feu) « » Ae te Birvoy D YLefi lef le _, Romuate ' WIA! | a WY \ pst op A Sth | 1 19 \ev 6 "ee ° (Gb oypcosBit Rave LeAVD & Bard urdth Consharativors O) RESK sty babe Q Charyo a omlpul, (Eovd 5 equ # In BPsk » 4 inpu (ops) + dy bao fate Of, Ohange io efoto = Bod =| reels dal Cskovout Orerin \ Gerov) jor Adcover oral, dvredhe| dshorenrt Cari mi which v She * The Sqn) ard U tho Carrio Sqrd froquoncy 2 phase dohuon nvdks_ ost) Onerior Srynad f Te bala neetl mectuula brs multiphos te aris ea L veel Inpwh Ton ia» Given cy lowpass LPF by seceive! INP red Or oe ab iaatad Sy which Soporotod tho fovororod bbnorsy) sara pgonidet (egies) » te €Te fiw, BPSK Fp modulates & consid 4 tes baloneedfe = (Binet) Cpsnidet) — & Sek 7D — Qi — aero z = & Cosn Slt 72 UR TE _ciltradiout rtyy ologic 4 —® a Te Fp HH palanced midulatos Coraisis 7 pogpive votnge(*)pv) and Cafe vowwe a fs | fo Groh O% prepiney (28) wave Fost Ce. Jon vaseor D Sduand bwarrertt a fae corrion, vy sileed . out too pase i fOA, tae + conse ae oe, ree bie (me only Fox posi, emp Foo BPSle Sp 8 gsmnet” Clagie ae i Talented sie ate ere % gnidet” Clete’ 0 y we or % 9 = &nWweH Carnet) ‘I Bnet = y > gy eos 0960) = FORE toed ey = lyine” _* ee ra Pelvis” +r IBPSIK Req uikes (ore bend width ran BEM. HeTE eves minirourn prrobebil! hemor we Dt has apood poise. Promunihy « “yy DISAAV + Ayo norwative & dotodeon ® digicalt Applicaltyns i < Trt B wed Yo hoghar. bit soos C rie bti|sce) ‘espn te Joes berduidth , Spek rnodemns ano pAcherter| oven FSe modems ab hegh cporst ory) SpoodsQuapratTvee PHASE SHET KEYING CQPSK):- * Ge Je P also called” Quaternorsy phase ehift Kaytng © x ThE amfe mndulatos? constnnt aveplitede igitl hbo’ Qchornot- “v me Definitern: - a BPSK TD Meny concocting chore , unr, N No abit) = 28 i Cho phases) =¥y » BoB BREK tor Ae four output phases pose + bor A” Single Oawvied prequenty Diner there ate four” outpul Phases, were must A dour Aiforent Fnput ens, # Tn OPsk, tho b& 9 daly ato Comlrned Yh to qeup 3 toe sis Fo, ore NJ], Called obits te. tL tae adultos, Gach abit Onde gonorntes one g Fou. Pesivc, opel Phoee +46% rach bs" 12] wt Feo each dibte,a Sree oe cio change a io) devo te IS Gacy ene loulpul prase fangs ° Sake % Sage § wy guipue Chad to one ball the bethatex Top Bis ate Chockesal Sore w8t sptittor. After both hs ao saniallly Sppulted » tty ace Grout onoewrly parallel paused 4 Heo “T'ehannel ama ttre RTL bet mrodalates 4 Oaeril ayrad Betillatys 3 2 bske motulatrs a Over (OL the Siprad bh 90° ont @ prose Gs) Po Quadrmtuse wtih Aofdtenu Onsrih . coe Bel ag L£ a L t= Since cat Si puedes ult Gin (wt tHE?) ‘Br Cogan) a t 5 Los wsBinhel : = ens wt $5 re ' sr Wee! ") ret oO ! GirCibettBe) — ere! 9 1 ge nel) Phase cloner | ~Sinwhek ae — Bowe ( 5 ° oo { oO} : Co Suse B re od af at gt Jp 12 1 ON (1, So. 1 arse \ > Hine lp : ' : ‘ (A yae" -geP leper | 188 ‘oegncs!A easically, 0 RPS wodullrs B try BPSK modullibors Cornainach iy porerttel. Y Fos logied ~ ely A fos loptOc IV arssqred . Too phases ALE oars ak tte ouput a -Ralerect modulator CBinndet g-Sinieet) Sriloohy bay phases ace ocune th Mie Outpuk Q Ae pa lancen’ modulator Ch ors ekg ~coeweb) « xe Linear Sommer addy tho tuo Guad tach 048 ouk op frase) Srpruls, . Resulting to four phasors - ce) Pon Welt COR WEE PA rt — coed cb y BAEC Hg SS Wet C18 Fe ’ ) l © oO ' oO 0 a The argalat goporativn wetuecoin amy two aed reek phasors in Mpse B Ao". Honee A APS syraf Or uundeagrv alenech # 4S) —eck BAYF to phase ductrg agrees gpll aolnin the Corot oncdded lesnaey) infor 2 when de moduleted al foceiver: “ah to win ite pain mre) i habe Aye Ae OA spt sinielaes0.0) Sit Tie Lainie (-Brnvdet My v Cte #0) DETeeTDR4 ow f te a ys op Brie L prduck dutodes in, DP = Covet} coset) Cen Wet) BPSK sya? orien ta = HWE) psrwet) + CosW4) Growet) =~ BrP Wel + Coesude) Cn webs) 2 ay, C= Cosrvdet)t yf srl sasceagy So Gud Je --4 ay, coat 16 Sige £ lv Lloge 0) che te, "Q) r ‘he ofp xp of the Gl peut detocker R = C-SinnBet + Cot) C888 wet) = Col. (Sint) Coos) 7 : 1 orcas 08 Panwa ante 9 a= wv (togie’ ) vo apek!- qe 4 aonamaeson ate gp par trfoduced Brut refpeneto aesk yr’ . ihe ei eATe cet), arial * aequotod by Qpek D cool do g iia yen 8 dp BPSK: tro cori POM a Anybeodar v asnstomd phere als fomaind tonxtanBIS -adveninges Oh QPEK @® # Gonesatrror 4 Dotechten o Cornplore - Cimgotsnon dj pest and S86 enmeren _ epck pan — Khramtable obarnetorrties) phage “phase 3 cones four Level y Fw loved Chosrvery) 2} Tye of Meotulalrwn rere skies heute 3b eit gabe /eauctrate pate. = baudwte Coraploreite copter Way tornptonc : te ; need Arhioent Cohesut 5} Detection helt ye tu t pine 2 VO fo | Applicaton suitable for YA. Bai bat gate aprbcn Ropticabrerss « QuapeTvRE AwPLITUBE Manucarton: CAN): # Both to Omreplitiae arna\ tee phase QB tee Omrier ate varied te to ttn bs Fpooredttony Bexral, ton Ue & Calloal “ Auachetwte Ample Madutatron Caaws) Inksvd wthron | te A poem Q digit! medubtior tochnoqus: ow OF ba Ambinatton Q ASK ord PSA» oben The Inremation — lontanad io bet roe aenphitude ard tio phase ay a2 teanamiPHod darrior ; a Po Hard Gyr, phere ate qlecea tev CaretO2 cach having tho Lane praquenvy lot dhigperting In-piese by G0" Cone quarter cy, Spomebentwie from which He teary qquadeaiwhe awises)« ont Signal % called LP Signal, and ter otter f tabled He @ orgrala Mathomalically y one 4 tte Signals can bee soured ley A Bne ware pamA tas COLA by a Coding wet sax oe Cormbinad at the dower Fk Tw rmdudated eave joo. A tee Aestinabro, Ye bm fonnseo) Carrio oe crated rae cater b oxterehad form each, ind then tue data b combinae? 10 46 flue omgired + Yofpornatton ‘ Q- RAN) Gears ir TER \~ PAM T feonuch | Lcranvel # he toda: ual » +Bhr polar be Cul tate oe ad 8 bi. weet Min Bt Aaquived lgciaen b Fi fx bed: 4m m? AB- OAM Reckivee! - lpmplitde Prade Tes 13S Nee 138 Jobs RSs 1g 8S + Be i lors +136 Sowel eg FBS lms Fue! ene 44S ———< <<" on) + —Coswe on # The Poceived &-Bx0 signad b qtvon to fo Power Spbitter. # Tee Rewer Gplitior clitzck he O Ont B to fee TAR Procluck detectors amd Fue Carrier Anrovors eisuBt . ATRL Corerton gocovery Ciréuit Aegonenatas tee orate h geporonte Osallatrr Srqrad Whi B wsod at far peamamitter Bile « b mtocad with Me Lowered ae The Incomny g-BAn Hyral Comriea at 82 P-preduet Aetocks amd also wilh a qadeatute Orerion Wn de -Produbt dotoctos .a oh Ye Product detects ate A-tevel Par dqralr which “b given to tes analog—to-Argital donventors - The boy Srgrals ocount at Hie ofp ay tie analo i ton Aipital Convertors » ii J ¥ Tr Baar, tre wrvry ofp @rqrals prom the P-channel Apo ae the LLC bts, omd tow bi o Be channel pec ote te OL Obs: RYH RT ey The minimum leandwtel th qoguivod fps BAN) toomamign 9 Same as that Aguived bos ASK A PSH be where bb - minimum garduwith » fe ay Shpuk bit tafe - [ Parcannehor Opes de 7 Qvocdeatute Pregl 1. Type G modulator aaa fase aPhue modvlatro 2: Frobalality 4 toss than anay | Manton OPSK Oevow b Noice Frnmmundhy | Bolla than BASE Pooanr. flan BPR As Tyre @ dotoctio Synch sores Byrcheron-aet ig. 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Uneas Gummer Combined Dip fer palanvec Lancod) modulahrs aro tie oe epndittons drenen at Phe modulabre (£2 a), Hs bal Porduct inodutabors amd Porvoduce |b NOLo%S ovr for lo-AAN), Pardvotdti pps Ibe BHr01~ Cry) (re -Oek) =P = By,asy Banc wroTH EFFICIENCY *~ se Gardusidtt, efficiency Qables called as Soppemation donssiy Gey Spe cteal Gifierenty) i> tie Ud} bo Compare the PO formance g one gira modulator technique 10 Anoftwr . Dt the fat Of Ma teomambtern bir date te Re minmur brresldth tequivas) fro a gartioullan moollation technique « 1 Bandwidth Off retom 4 Ye qorrally normalized to om eH bemduidth and Ur Fndiodos te numbvt G, Webs tak Can Wwe. propagated tErugth a hramamizenon modiurny few cach hurts i Pardwidth By = Banarissiow Wt tale Clps) Uinimum bandwrath C2) cyotes (sound it b alo In Ys J. By = Tanamrsrnn Ht sate (#8) x 10D Linum bandonrelty CH2-jl - . | a} fF wd | 5 if? 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