CA 200 INSTITUTIONAL BASED CORRECTIONAL

SECTION-E

COGAY, DRUCILLA ALEXINA L.

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION INSTITUTIONAL BASED CORRECTIONS

PENOLOGY DEFINED:

 The study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders. It includes the study of control and prevention

of crime through punishment of criminal offenders.

 The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which means pain or suffering and from the GREEK

word PIONO or POENALIS which means punishment.

 Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually a division of criminology that deals with

prison management and the treatment of offenders, and concerned itself with the philosophy and practice of

society in its effort to repress criminal activities.

PENAL MANAGEMENT:

- REFERS TO THE MANNER OR PRACTICE OF MANAGING OR CONTROLLING PLACES OF

CONFINEMENT AS IN JAILS OR PRISONS.

CORRECTION DEFINED:

• - A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the custody, supervision and rehabilitation of criminal
offenders.

• - It is that field of criminal justice administration which utilizes the body of knowledge and practices of the
government and the society in general involving the processes of handling individuals who have been convicted of
offenses for purposes of crime prevention and control.

• - It is the study of jail/prison management and administration as well as the rehabilitation and reformation of
criminals.

• - It is a generic term that includes all government agencies, facilities, programs, procedures, personnel, and
techniques concerned with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement, supervision, or treatment of alleged
offenders.
CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION:

• - The study and practice of a systematic management of jails or prisons and other institutions concerned with the
custody, treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

CORRECTION AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

- The Criminal Justice System is the machinery of any government in the control and prevention of crimes
and criminality. It is composed of the pillars of justice such as: the Law Enforcement Pillar (Police), the
Prosecution Pillar, the Court Pillar, the Correction Pillar, and the

COMMUNITY PILLAR

- Correction as one of the pillars of Criminal Justice System is considered as the weakest pillar. This is
because of its failure to deter individuals in committing crimes as well as the reformation of inmates. This
is evident in the increasing number of inmates in jails or prisons. Hence, the need of prison management is
necessary to rehabilitate inmates and transform them to become law-abiding citizens after their release.

CORRECTION AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM CONT...

- Correction is the fourth pillar of the criminal justice system. This pillar takes over once the accused, after
having been found guilty, is meted out the penalty for the crime he committed. He can apply for probation
or he could be turned over to a non-institutional or institutional agency or facility for custodial treatment
and rehabilitation. The offender could avail of the benefits of parole or executive clemency once he has
served the minimum period of his sentence. When the penalty is imprisonment, the sentence is carried out
either in the municipal, provincial or national penitentiary depending on the length of the sentence meted
out.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CORRECTIONS

13TH Century – Securing Sanctuary

In the 13th century a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days, at the
end of which time he is compelled to leave the realm by a road or path assigned to him.

16th Century – Transportation of criminals in England was authorized. At the end of the 16th century Russia and
other European countries followed this system. It partially relieved overcrowding of prisons. Transportation was
abandoned in 1826.

17th Century to late 18th Century – Death penalty became prevalent as a form of punishment.
GALLEYS

- long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals.

- a type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the 16th century

HULKS

- decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners in the 18th and 19th century.

- abandoned warships converted into prisons, also called “floating hells”.

7 PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PENOLOGY

Classical School – the doctrine of psychological hedonism or freewill.

Neo-Classical School – children and lunatics must be free from punishment.

Positivist/Italian School – denied individual responsibility and reflected on positive reactions to crime and
criminality.

8 EARLY CODES

1. Code of Hammurabi (1760 B.C.) – oldest code prescribing savage punishment.

2. Justinian Code – written by Emperor Justinian of Rome in 6th C.A.D.
3. The Twelve Tables (XII Tabulae) – represented the earliest codification of Roman law incorporated into the
Justinian Code.
4. Code of Draco – a harsh code that provides the same punishment for both citizens and the slaves
5. Burgundian Code – specified punishment according to the social class of offenders.
6. Code of Kalantiao – promulgated in 1433 by Datu Kalantiao
7. Maragtas Code – by Datu Sumakwel

EVOLUTION OF THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION

EARLY PRISONS

Mamertine Prison – early Roman place of confinement which is built under the main sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.

Bridewell Workhouse – built in 1557 in London for the employment and housing of English prisoners.

Wallnut Street Jail – first American Penitentiary

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

- 18th century is a century of change, the period of recognizing human dignity.

PIONEERS:

William Penn

- first leader to prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major offenders.

- responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment

Charles Montesquieu (1689-1755)

- a French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice.

Voltaire

- he believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime.

Cesare Bonesana Marchese de Beccaria

- presented the humanistic goal of law.

Jeremy Bentham

- the greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that whatever punishment designed to
negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime, the crime rate would go down.

- the one who devise the ultimate PANOPTICAL PRISON

John Howard

- Sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform.

EARLY PRISONS IN THE PHILIPPINES:

- During the PRE-SPANISH PERIOD, prison system in the Philippines was tribal in nature. Village
chieftains administered it. It was historically traced from the early written laws.
- In 1847, the first Bilibid Prison was constructed and became the central place of confinement for Filipino
Prisoners by virtue of the Royal decree of the Spanish crown.
- In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa property with the Bureau of Prisons originally
intended as a site for boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now being used as the Manila
City Jail, famous as the “ May Halique Estate”.
TWO RIVAL PRISON SYSTEM

A. The Auburn Prison System

- “Congregate System” where prisoners are confined in their own cells during the night and congregate work in
shops during the day.

B. The Pennsylvania Prison System

- “Solitary System” where prisoners are confined in single cells day and night

> In both prison system, complete silence was being enforced

THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT:

• Alexander Mocanochie – He is the Superintendent of the penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1840)
who introduced the “Mark System”. A system in which a prisoner is required to earn a number of marks
based on proper department, labor and study in order to entitle him for a ticket for leave or conditional
release which is similar to parole.

• Manuel Montesimos – The Director of Prisons in Valencia Spain (1835) who devided the number of
prisoners into companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty officers in charge, which allowed good
behavior to prepare the convict for gradual release.

• Domets of France – established an agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing housefathers
as in charge of these boys.

THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT CONT...

• Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise – The Director of the English Prison who opened the Borstal Institution for young
offenders. The Borstal Institution is considered as the best reform institution for young offenders today.
• Walter Crofton – He is the Director of the Irish Prison in 1854 who introduced the Irish system that was
modified from the Mocanochie’smark system.
• Zebulon Brockway – The Director of the Elmira Reformatory in New York (1876) who introduced certain
innovational programs like the following: training school type - compulsory education of prisoners -
casework methods - extensive use of parole - indeterminate sentence.
 • The Elmira Reformatory is considered forerunner of modern penology because it had all the elements of a
modern system.

PUNISHMENTS

- it is the redress that the state takes against an offending member of society that usually involve pain and suffering.

ANCIENT FORMS OF PUNISHMENT:

1. Death Penalty- affected by burning, beheading, hanging, breaking at the wheels, pillory and other forms of
medieval executions.
2. Physical Torture- affected by maiming, mutilation, whipping and other inhumane or barbaric forms of
inflicting pain.
3. Social Degradation- putting the offender into shame or humiliation.
4. Banishment or Exile- the sending or putting away of an offender which was carried out either by
prohibition against coming into a specified territory such as an island to where the offender has been
removed.
5. Transportation and Slavery

EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE:

1. Hard Labor - productive works.

2. Deprivation – deprivation of everything except the bare essentials of existence
3. Monotony – giving the same food that is “off” diet, or requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring
daily routine.
4. Uniformity – “we treat the prisoners alike”. “the fault of one is the fault of all”.
5. Mass Movement – mass living in cell blocks, mass eating, mass recreation, mass bathing.

EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE CONT...

1. Degradation – uttering insulting words or languages on the part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or
break the confidence of prisoners.
2. Corporal Punishment – imposing brutal punishment or employing physical force to intimidate a delinquent
inmate.
3. Isolation or Solitary Confinement – non- communication, limited news,“ the lone wolf”.

CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT:

1. Imprisonment – putting the offender in prison for the purpose of protecting the public against criminal
activities and at the same time rehabilitating the prisoners by requiring them to undergo institutional
treatment programs.

2. Parole - a conditional release of a prisoners after serving part of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose
of gradually re-introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and supervision of a parole officer.
3. Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction of an offense, the penalty of which does not
exceed six years imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by the releasing court and
under the supervision of a probation officer.
4. Fine – an amount given as a compensation for a criminal act.
5. Destierro – the penalty of banishing a person from the place where he committed a crime, prohibiting him
to get near or enter the 25- kilometer perimeter.

PURPOSES/JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT

1. Retribution – the punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction is violated, to afford the
society or the individual the opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable punishment as might be
enforced. Offenders should be punished because they deserve it.
2. Expiation or Atonement – it is punishment in the form of group vengeance where the purpose is to appease
the offended public or group.
3. Deterrence – punishment gives lesson to the offender by showing to others what would happen to them if
they violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential offenders that they cannot afford to do what
the offender has done.

PURPOSES/JUSTIFICATIONS OF PUNISHMENT CONT..

Incapacitation and Protection – the public will be protected if the offender has been held in conditions where he
cannot harm others especially the public. Punishment is effected by placing offenders in prison so that society will
be ensured from further criminal depredations of criminals.

Reformation or Rehabilitation – it is the establishment of the usefulness and responsibility of the offender. Society’s
interest can be better served by helping the prisoner to become law abiding citizen and productive upon his return to
the community by requiring him to undergo intensive program of rehabilitation in prison.

• Judicial Conditions of Penalty

• Productive of Suffering
• Commensurate with the offense
• Personal
• Legal
• Equal
 • Certain
• Correctional

JUDICIAL CONDITIONS OF PENALTY

Punishment must be:

Productive of suffering – without however affecting the integrity of the human personality.

Commensurate with the offense – different crimes must be punished with different penalties (Art. 25, RPC).

Personal – the guilty one must be the one to be punished, no proxy.

JUDICIAL CONDITIONS OF PENALTY CONT...

Legal – the consequence must be in accordance with the law.

Equal – equal for all persons.

Certain – no one must escape its effects.

Correctional – changes the attitude of offenders and become law-abiding citizens.

DURATION OF PENALTIES

• Death Penalty – Capital punishment

• Reclusion Perpetua – life imprisonment, a term of 20-40 yrs imprisonment

• Reclusion Temporal – 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 years imprisonment

• Prision Mayor – 6 yrs and 1 day to 12 years

• Prision Correctional – 6 months and 1 day to 6 years

• Arresto Mayor – 1 month and 1 day to 6 months

• Arresto Menor – 1 day to 30 days

• Bond to Keep the Peace – discretionary on the part of the court.

THE MODERN PERIOD OF CORRECTION

Modern Penal Management incorporates general principles of treating offenders that are based on humane practices
such as the following:

• Jail or Prison rules shall be applied impartially without discrimination on ground of race, color, language,
religion or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

• The religious beliefs and moral precepts not contrary to law, which a prisoner holds, must be respected.

• Prison or Jail rules and regulations shall be applied with firmness but tempered with understanding.

THE MODERN PERIOD OF CORRECTION CONT...

• Custodial force shall, at all times, conduct themselves as good examples.

• Abusive or indecent language to prisoners shall not be used.
• Special care towards inmates shall be practiced preventing humiliation or degradation.
• No use of force must be made by any of the custodial force, except in self-defense or attempt to escape or
in case of passive physical resistance to a lawful order.
• Custodial force shall bear in mind that prisoners are sick people who need treatment.

Institution Based and Community Based Approach

The Philippine Correctional has two (2) Systems Based Approach, namely: Institution Based and Community
Based Approach

• Both systems are being implemented on a fragmentary basis by three (3) Departments of the Executive
Branch of the government. These are: Dept. Of Justice, Dept. of Interior & Local Govt. , Dept. of Social
Welfare & Development

Department of Justice (DOJ)

• takes care of the National Prisoners. The National Prison and Penal Farms which is being supervised and
administered by the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR) This is headed by a civilian Director. Tasked to
rehabilitate national prisoners so they can become useful members of society upon completion of their
sentence.
• These are the prisoners whose penalty ranges from 3 YRS AND 1 DAY to LIFE IMPRISONEMENT and
those convicted with the DEATH penalty or a fine of more than five thousand pesos, or regardless of the
 length of sentence, to one sentenced for violation of custom law or other laws under the jurisdiction of the
Bureau of Customs or for violation of immigration and election laws, or to one sentenced to serve two or
more sentence the total of which exceeds three years.

NATIONAL PRISONERS are also referred to under the law as Insular Prisoners.

The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

• takes care of the municipal, city and district Jails. The Provincial Jails and sub-provincial jails are operated
by the Provincial Local government Units under the supervision and management by their respective
governors in each province and whose penalty ranges from SIX (6) MONTHS and ONE DAY UP TO
THREE (3) YEARS;
• the local jails namely, the Municipal jails, City jails and District jails are under the supervision and
administration of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and whose penalty ranges from
ONE (1) DAY to SIX (6) MONTHS for Municipal Jail inmates, and for City Jail inmates whose penalty
ranges from ONE (1) DAY TO THREE (3) YEARS. The district jail may be created thereat if the monthly
jail population is less than ten (10) inmates

What is a district Jail?

• DISTRICT Jail is a consolidation of all inmates in two or four municipal jails whose inmate population is
less than 10 monthly provided it will be located near the Metropolitan Trial Court or Regional Trial Court.
The purpose is to maximize the manpower and other logistical requirements.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

• Takes care of the sentenced Youth offenders. which are located in the ten (10) Regional Youth
Rehabilitation Centers nationwide.
• There are ten (10) rehabilitation centers for youth offenders, nine of which are for boys while only one is
for girls. Of the nine centers for boys, one is the National Training School for Boys which also happens to
be the largest RRCY. This is located in Sampaloc, Tanay, Rizal and it caters to youth offenders coming
Regions IV, V and NCR. The only RRCY for girls is also the National Training School for Girls located at
Marillac Hills, Alabang, Metro Manila.
• The eight other RRCYs are located in Barangay Urayong, Bauang, La Union for those coming from Region
I, II and the Cordilleras; Barangay Ayala, Magalang, Pampanga for Region III; Nueva Valencia in the island
province of Guimaras for Region VI; Barangay Candabong, Argao, Cebu for Region VII; Barangay Sto
Nino, Leyte for Region VIII; Barangay Anastacio Polanco, Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte for Region IX;
Gingoog City for Region X; and Barangay Bago Oshiro, Davao City for Region XI. Youth offenders from
Caraga Region are sent either to Dipolog, Gingoog or Davao depending on which is most accessible.
RA 9344- Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006

• Under the law, children 15 years old and below would be exempted from criminal liability while youth
offenders ages 15 to 18 years old could only be criminally charged if they committed the crime with
discernment.
• It also provides the immediate turnover of children in conflict with the law to social workers upon
apprehension.
• If detention is necessary, the youth offenders would be transferred to youth detention homes set up by the
local governments and non-government organizations.
• The law also created the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council under the Department of Justice that would
oversee its implementation and advise the President regarding the protection of youth offenders.

THE PHILIPPINE PRISON SYSTEM

I. Bureau of Corrections

II. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

III. Provincial Jails

BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS

• Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections under Executive Order 292 passed during the
Aquino Administration. It states that the head of the Bureau of Corrections is the DIRECTOR OF
PRISONS who is appointed by the President of the Philippines with the confirmation of the Commission of
Appointments.
• The Bureau of Corrections has general supervision and control of all national prisons or penitentiaries. It is
charged with the safekeeping of all Insular Prisoners confined therein or committed to the custody of the
Bureau.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS

The New Bilibid Prison

• Muntinlupa, Philippines, is the main insular penitentiary designed to house the prison population of the
Philippines. It is maintained by the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) under the Department of Justice.
• As of October 2004, it has an inmate population of 16,747. The penitentiary had an initial land area of 551
hectares. One hundred four hectares of the facility were transferred to a housing project of the Department
of Justice. The Bureau of Corrections has its headquarters in the NBP Reservation.
THE NEW BILIBID PRISON CONT..

HISTORY

• OLD BILIBID PRISON, then known as Carcel y Presidio Correccional (Spanish, "Correctional Jail and
Military Prison") occupied a rectangular piece of land that was part of the MAYHALIQUE ESTATE in the
heart of Manila. The old prison was established by the Spanish colonial government on 25 June 1865 via
royal decree.

It is divided into two sections:

• the Carcel, which could accommodate 600 inmates; and

• the Presidio, which could hold 527 prisoners.

Due to increasing crime, enacted Commonwealth Act No. 67 and a new prison was built in Muntinlupa on 551
hectares (1,360 acres) of land at an area considered at that time to be "remote".

THE NEW BILIBID PRISON

• New Bilibid Prison was constructed in 1936 in Muntinlupa in a 552 hectares of land and in 1941 the actual
transfer of Muntinlupa facility was established. This site was previously acquired by the city to become the
site for the Boys Training School. The Bilibid Prison in Manila was renamed Old Bilibid Prison to avoid
confusion and presently known as Manila City Jail. This was constructed by virtue of Proclamation 414 in
1931 as an enabling Order to Commonwealth Act No these official edicts were also the official basis for the
opening of the Davao Penal Colony.

• The New Bilibid Prison houses maximum security convicts including the death row, the electric chair
chamber when it was still in use and now the lethal Injection chamber. It is considered as one of the biggest
prisons in the world in terms of the number of prisoners population. The central office of the Bureau of
Corrections are also housed here.

• Outside the compound and within the reservation, three (3) other Satellite Prisons are situated. These are
the minimum-security camp called Camp Bukang Liwayway, the name implying the coming release of
prisoners destined here. Miminum Security inmates are those with severe physical handicap as certified by
the chief prison medical officer, 65 years old and above and not on appeal or without pending case; those
who served at least ½ of their minimum sentence or 1/3 of their maximum sentence excluding Good
Conduct Time Allowance and those with only 6 months to serve before expiration of maximum sentence.

• The second is Camp Sampaguita, which houses medium security prisoners. Medium Security inmates are
those with less than 20 years sentence, remand inmates or detainees below 20 years sentence, 18 years old
 and below regardless of case or sentence, those who have 2 or more escape records but have served 8 years
since recommitment, those with one record of escaped but have served five (5) years as maximum security
and upon recommendation of the superintendent

• The Director of Corrections may grant GTCA to an inmate for good behavior with no record or disciplinary
infraction or violation of prison rules and regulations. GCTA is the statutory reduction of a prisoner’s
sentence for good behavior during confinement under Article 97 of the Revised Penal Code. This is
automatically applied to all prisoners as long as he does not commit violations of prisons rules and
regulations. GCTA is a kind of right that can only be denied if the prisoner breaks the rules and only after
due process is observed

• Good conduct entitles the inmate to the following deductions from his sentence: In the first two years
of incarceration, 5 days deduction for each month of good behavior. From the 3rd to 5th year, 8 days
deduction for each month of good behavior From 6th year to 10 years, 10 days deduction for each month of
good behavior; and From the 11th year, 15 days deduction for each month of good behavior. GTCA may
also be granted to a detainee to be deducted from his sentence if convicted provided that he voluntarily
offers to perform labor as maybe assigned to him during his detention period. Such voluntary offer must be
in writing.

An inmate whose sentence is life imprisonment but is on appeal is not entitled to GCTA.

OLD GCTA SYSTEM CONT...

• GCTA cannot be revoked without a just cause. GCTA cannot be revoked without a just cause. GCTAs
revoked for a just cause may be restored at the discretion of the Director of Correction upon
recommendation of the Superintendent
• In addition to the GCTA, a prisoner may also be entitled to another five days per month deduction from the
sentence he has to serve when he has been classified as a trusty or penal colonist.
• This is provided by Act. No. 2489, otherwise known as the Industrial Good Time Law. Life imprisonment
is also automatically reduced to thirty years imprisonment upon being classified as a trusty or penal
colonist.

THE NEW BILIBID PRISON CONT…

• Under section 98 and 158 of the Revised Penal Code, Special Time Allowance (STA) for loyalty equivalent
to one-fifth of the sentence shall be deducted from the inmates sentence if, after the inmate abandoned
prison due to disorder arising from conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or similar catastrophes, or during
a mutiny in which the inmate did not participate voluntarily submits himself to the authorities within forty-
eight hours following the issuance of a proclamation announcing the ending of the calamity.
 • Under Article 99 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC) GCTAs and STAs are granted by the Director of
Corrections
• And the third facility is the Reception and Diagnostic Center that receives newly committed prisoners
coming from the jails nationwide. Inmates accepted by the RDC will be studied and classified, the purpose
of which, is the formulation of the individualized treatment program designed to achieve the most
successful rehabilitation
• Upon admission, the inmate or detainee if he has a pending case, will be put in quarantine in a designated
cell at the RDC for a minimum of five (5) days during which he shall be administered the ff. Physical
exam, mental, orientation, private interview and etc.

THE NEW BILIBID PRISON RECREATION AND FACILITIES

• The prisoners pass the time in the basketball court in the penitentiary's gymnasium.
• They are also engaged in the production of handicrafts.
• Various religious organizations are active in the prison and daily masses are held in the prison's chapel.
• The New Bilibid Prison also houses a TALIPAPA (MARKET) where the prisoners can buy commodities.
• Educational facilities inside the compound provide ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, HIGH SCHOOL
EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND ADULT LITERACY PROGRAMS. IT ALSO
PROVIDES A BACHELOR'S DEGREE IN COMMERCE.
• Medical services are given by religious groups and charitable organizations such as the Seventh-day
Adventist Church, Amazing Grace Christian ministries, Philippine Prison Jesuit Service and Caritas
Manila.

THE NEW BILIBID PRISON NOTABLE INMATES

• Emilio Changco leader of infamous Pirate gang operating in the late 80s

• Amado V. Hernandez is a National artist for Literature who wrote his masterpieces while imprisoned in the facility.

• Jovito Salonga, a Filipino senator, was imprisoned by the Japanese Kempetai on April 1942.

• Claudio Teehankee Jr. is the son of former Chief Justice Claudio Teehankee, Sr. who was convicted on October 6,
1995.

• Tomoyuki Yamashita was the commander of the Japanese Imperial Army in the Philippines in 1944. He was
incarcerated while undergoing trial for World War II war crimes and was eventually executed by hanging in Los
Baños on February 23, 1946.

• Hubert Webb is the son of former Senator Freddie Webb who was convicted on January 6, 2000.
THE RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER (RDC)

• This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita) where new prisoners undergo diagnostic examination, study
and observation for the purpose of determining the programs of treatment and training best suited to their needs and
the institution to which they should be transferred.

THE RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER (RDC)

It is composed of the following staff members:

• The Psychiatrist – responsible in the examination of the prisoner’s mental and emotional make-up.

• The Psychologist – responsible to conduct study on the character and behavior of the prisoners.

• The Sociologist – study the social case situation of the individual prisoner.

• The Educational Counselor – conducts orientation classes in order to change inmates’ attitude towards education
and recommends educational program for the prisoner.

THE RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER (RDC)

• The Vocational Counselor – to test the prisoner’s special abilities, interest and skills and recommends for the
vocational course best suited to the prisoner.

• The Chaplain – encourage the prisoner to participate in religious activities.

• The Medical Officer – conducts physical examination and recommends medical treatment of prisoners.

• Custodial-Correctional Officer – recommends the transfer and type of custody of inmates.

THE QUARANTINE CELL OR UNIT

• This may be a unit of the prison or a section of the RDC where the prisoner is given thorough physical examination
including blood test, x-rays, vaccinations and immunity. This is for the purpose of insuring that the prisoner is not
suffering from any contagious disease, which might be transferred to the prison population.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS

THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN (CIW)

• A women's prison located in Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines. The prison is operated by the Bureau of
Corrections

• The prison first opened on a 18-hectare (44-acre) property on February 14, 1931. Previously, women were held at
the Old Bilibid Prison

• On February 14, 1931, the women prisoners were transferred from the Old Bilibid Prison to the building especially
constructed for them. Its old name, “Women’s Prison, then was changed to “Correctional Institution for Women.”
This was in keeping with emerging trends in penology, which emphasized correction rather than punishment.
Convicts were brought back into the social mainstream adjusted and rehabilitated with a better outlook in life.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS

SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM

• The Sablayan Penal Colony is located in Occidental Mindoro and relatively new. Established on September 26,
1954 by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 72, the penal colony has a total land area of approximately 16,190
hectares.

• Sablayan prison is a facility where prisoners from NBP are brought for decongestion purposes. It follows the same
colony standards as other penal farms.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM CONT...

In those times, the New Bilibid Prison that was supposed to confine only 3,000 had a population more than twice
that capacity. The actual land area is 16, The principal activity is agriculture and rice is the main product.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS

IWAHIG PENAL COLONY

• This facility was established during the American occupation.

• Prisoners could choose the vocational Iwahig is subdivided into four zones or districts: Central sub-colony with an
area of 14,700 hectares; Sta. Lucia with 9,685 hectares; Montible with 8,000 hectares and Inagawan with 13,000
hectares.
• OPERATES TAGUMPAY SETTLEMENT {1000 hectares} given to inmates who deserve to live in the settlement

The Iwahig Penal Colony

- as a destination for maximum security incorrigible prisoners. Instead, convicts who were well behaved and
pliable were assigned to this facility. The reason to convert the 38,611 hectares of fertile lands into
production areas for revenue and as a means to prisoner rehabilitations

- Today, this Penal institution is considered as one of the most open penal institution in the world. It was
from this facility that the term “Prison without Wall” had its beginning. Iwahig was divided into four (4)
sub-colonies for a more practical consideration of easier administration and mangement. These sub-
colonies are 1. Santa Lucia, 2. Inagawan, 3. Montible, 4. Central.

- Each sub-colony operates as an autonomous institution under the management of a Penal supervisor. The
colony allocated 1,000 hectares, which was distributed to release inmates who no longer had any desire to
return to their original homes and who instead want to settle for good in Palawan. This is the Tagumpay
Settlement. The prisoners were awarded six (6) hectares farm lots as homestead.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS

DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM

• Formerly Davao Penal Colony (DaPeCol)) was established on January 21, 1932 in Panabo City, Davao del Norte,
Philippines.

• It has a land area of 30,000 hectares with a prison reservation of 8,000 hectares.

• Davao prison farm is currently engaged with TADECU {Tagum development Company}

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM CONT...

• At present the Davao Penal Colony houses medium and minimum-security prisoners. They work in the
open fields escorted by the colony custodial force. It is now the biggest abaca plantation in the country. It is
a major banana producer having secured a joint venture agreement with Tagum Development Company. In
a 3,000 hectares banana plantation. These banana products are exported to Japan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and
many other countries.
 • Davao Penal Colony has two (2) sub-colonies: (1) Panabo and (2) kapalong with each under a penal
supervisor. It has also a settlement site for released prisoners who no longer wish to return to their homes
but choose to remain in Davao as homesteaders. This settlement area is called Tanglaw Settlement.

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS

SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM

• Was established in southern Zamboanga on August 21,1870 through a royal decree promulgated in 1869.

• Established during the tenure of Governor General Ramon Blanco (whose patron saint the prison was named after),

the facility was originally established for persons convicted of political crimes.

• The prison is right in front of the Jolo sea with 1414-hectare property

PRISON AND PENAL FARMS LEYTE REGION PRISON AND PENAL FARM {ABUYOG LEYTEY}

• The last Penal facility to be built by the Bureau of prisons is the Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog. This
was established in January 16,1973 on the orders issued under the Martial law by President Ferdinand E.
Marcos

A penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment (incarceration) of persons convicted of major/ serious crimes.

• A building, usually with cells, or other places established for the purpose of taking safe custody or
confinement of criminals.
• A place of confinement for those for those charged with or convicted of offenses against the laws of the
land.

WHO IS A PRISONER?

• A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful authority. A person, who by reason of his criminal
sentence or by a decision issued by a court, may be deprived of his liberty or freedom.
• A prisoner is any person detained/confined in jail or prison for the commission of a criminal offense or
convicted and serving in a penal institution.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS

1. Detention Prisoners – those detained for investigation, preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial. A detainee in a lock
up jail. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of Courts.

• 2. Sentenced Prisoners – offenders who are committed to the jail or prison in order to serve their sentence after
final conviction by a competent court. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of penal institutions.

• 3. Prisoners who are on Safekeeping – includes non-criminal offenders who are detained in order to protect the
community against their harmful behavior. Ex. Mentally deranged individuals, insane person.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS:

1. Insular or National Prisoners

• Those sentenced to suffer a term of sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life imprisonment.
1. Provincial Prisoners
• Those persons sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 6 months and 1 day to 3 years or a
fine not more than 1,000 pesos, or both; or Those detained therein and waiting for preliminary
investigation of their cases cognizable by the RTC.
2. City Prisoners
• Those sentenced to suffer a term of imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a fine of not more than
1,000 pesos or both.
• Those detained therein whose cases are filed with the MTC.
• Those detained therein whose cases are cognizable by the RTC and under Preliminary Investigation.
4. Municipal Prisoners
• Those confined in Municipal jails to serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6 months.
• Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are pending with the MTC.

CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED PRISONERS CONT..

MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS

- The group of prisoners whose escape could be dangerous to the public or to the security of the state.

- It consists of constant troublemakers but not as dangerous as the super maximum-security prisoners. Their
movements are restricted and they are not allowed to work outside the institution but rather assigned to industrial
shops with in the prison compound.

• - They are confined at the Maximum-Security Prison (NBP Main Building), they wear orange color of uniform.
• - Prisoners includes those sentenced to serve sentence 20 years or more, or those whose sentenced are under the
review of the Supreme Court, and offenders who are criminally insane having severe personality or emotional
disorders that make them dangerous to fellow offenders or staff members.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO OF SECURITY:

MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONERS

• Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions and pose lesser danger than maximum- security prisoners
in case they escape.
• It consists of groups of prisoners who may be allowed to work outside the fence or walls of the penal
institution under guards or with escorts.
• They occupy the Medium Security Prison (Camp Sampaguita) and they wear blue color of uniforms.
Generally, they are employed as agricultural workers.
• It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence is less than 20 years and life-sentenced prisoners who
served at least 10 years inside a maximum-security prison.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDINGTO DEGREE OF SECURITY:

MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS

• A group of prisoners who can be reasonably trusted to serve sentence under “open conditions”.
• This group includes prisoners who can be trusted to report to their work assignments without the presence
of guards.
• They occupy the Minimum Security Prison (Camp Bukang Liwayway) and wear brown color uniforms.

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF SECURITY:

WHAT IS A JAIL?

Jail – is a place for locking-up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to serve a short
sentence imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of persons who are awaiting trial or
investigation of their cases.

Provincial Jails-

- Provincial Jails in the Philippines are not under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Corrections. They are managed
and controlled by the provincial government.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)

 - The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all cities and municipal jails throughout the country. The
enactment of Republic Act no. 6975 created the BJMP. It operates as a line bureau under the Department of
the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
- The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created pursuant to Republic Act signed on December
13,1990 and became known as the DILG Act of 1990.
- On December 10,1974, Presidential Decree no. 603 otherwise known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code
of 1974 was promulgated. This Code became the magna Carta for Children and was the first in the entire
ASEAN region

BJMP COMPREHENSIVE OPERATIONS MANUAL 2015 EDITION

Section 12. DEFINITION OF TERMS - As used in this Manual, the following terms are defined:

Alcoholics - those inmates who suffer from alcoholism or those engaged in the improper compulsive intake of
alcohol which may result in physical, social and behavioral problems.

Bisexual - are those inmates who have a sexual attraction or sexual behavior toward both males and females, and
may also encompass sexual attraction to people of any gender identity or to a person irrespective of that person’s
biological sex or gender.

Carpeta - otherwise known as “inmate record or jacket”, contains the personal and criminal records of inmates,
documents related to his/her incarceration such as but not limited to: commitment order, subpoenas, personal
identification, orders from the court, and all other papers necessarily connected with the detention of an inmate.

Child or Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), also known as “Youth Offender” - a person under eighteen
(18) years old who is alleged as, accused of or adjudged as having committed an offense under the Philippine laws.

Chief Custodial Officer - is the personnel in-charge in the overall supervision of all custodial functions.

City Jail - is a facility or a place of confinement for those inmates who are sentenced with a penalty from (1) one
day to three (3) year imprisonment.

Clustering of Jails - the designation of a municipal or city Jail as a facility for one or more adjacent municipalities
in order to maximize the utilization of personnel and other resources. The “host” city or municipality is named as a
district to accommodate inmates from the municipalities clustered to it.

Commitment Order - a written order of the court, or any other agency authorized by law to issue, entrusting an
inmate to a jail for the purpose of safekeeping during the pendency of his/her case.

Contraband - any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules that would pose as security
hazards or endanger the lives of inmates.
Conjugal Visitation – refers to the visit by the wife for a short period, usually an hour, more or less, to her
incarcerated husband during which they are allowed privacy and are generally understood to have sexual contact.

Detainee - a person who is accused before a court or competent authority and is temporarily confined in jail while
undergoing or awaiting investigation, trial, or final judgment.

District Jail - is a facility or a place of confinement for inmates coming from a city or clustered municipalities who
are waiting or undergoing trial or serving sentence of one (1) day to three (3) years.

Drug Dependents - are those inmates who have a psychological craving for habituation to and abuse of or
physiologic reliance on a chemical/drug substance.

Drug Users - are those inmates who take substances/drugs that can alter their body and mind works.

Escape-Prone Inmates - are inmates who are likely and have the tendency to escape from the jail facility.

Gay - is a male homosexual inmate, who experiences romantic love or sexual attraction to fellow male inmates.

High Risk Inmates in BJMP Jails - are those considered as highly dangerous or with high probability of escaping
or being rescued because of the gravity of the crimes they are accused of or have a propensity for being
troublemakers or initiators of jail riots and disturbance and who require a high degree of control and supervision.
Particularly included herein are those charged with heinous crimes, such as murder, terrorism, kidnap for ransom,
violation of R.A. No. 9165, the imposable penalty for which is from life imprisonment to death, etc. These also
include those who have a record of escaping from jails, recidivists, habitual delinquents, and those with severe
personality or emotional disorders that make them dangerous to their fellow inmates or the jail personnel.

High Profile Inmates in BJMP Jails - are those who are not necessarily charged with heinous crimes but are
prominent figures in society or public figures whose cases have drawn public interest.

Infirmed Inmates - are those inmates who are physically or mentally weak for a prolonged period of time
specifically caused by age or illness.

Inmate - is the generic term used to refer to a detainee or prisoner.

Inmates with Disability - are those inmates who have an impairment that may be physical, cognitive, mental,
sensory, emotional, developmental, or some combination of these.

Inmates with Other Nationalities - are those inmates who are foreign nationals.

Instrument of Restraint - a device, contrivance, tool or instrument used to hold back, keep in, check or control
inmates; e.g., handcuffs.

Jail - is a place of confinement for city and municipal detainees/prisoners, any fugitive from justice, or person
detained awaiting or undergoing investigation or trial and/or pending transfer to the National Penitentiary,
and/or violent, mentally ill person who endangers him/herself or the safety of others, duly certified as such by the
proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to a mental institution.

Jail Aide – is an inmate who requires less supervision than other inmates. Although he/she may be assigned special
tasks, he/she has no special privileges, and is not allowed to work alone nor exercise any authority over other
inmates.

RULE II COMMITMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS AND DETAINEES

A person can be committed to jail only upon the issuance of an appropriate order by a competent court or authority
so mandated under Philippine laws. This Rule enumerates courts and authorities, and classifies inmates according to
the conditions for their commitment.

Section 13. COMMITMENT - means entrusting for the confinement of an inmate to a jail by a competent court or
authority, for the purposes of safekeeping during the pendency of his/her case.

Section 14. COURTS AND OTHER ENTITIES AUTHORIZED TO COMMIT A PERSON TO JAIL- The
following (courts and entities) are authorized to commit a person to jail:

a. Supreme Court;

b. Court of Appeals;

c. Sandiganbayan;

d. Regional Trial Court;

e. Metropolitan/Municipal Trial Court;

f. Municipal Circuit Trial Court;

g. Congress of the Philippines; and

h. All other administrative bodies or persons authorized by law to arrest and commit a person to jail.

Section 15. CLASSIFICATION - refers to assigning or to grouping of inmates according to their respective penalty,
gender, age, nationality, health, criminal records, etc.

Section 16. CATEGORIES OF INMATES -The two (2) general categories of inmates are:

a. Prisoner - inmate who is convicted by final judgment; and

b. Detainee - inmate who is undergoing investigation/trial or awaiting final judgment.

Section 17. CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS - The four (4) main classes of prisoners are:
a. Insular Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of three (3) years and one (1) day to reclusion perpetua or
life imprisonment; BJMP Comprehensive Operations Manual Revised 2015

b. Provincial Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years;

c. City Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to three (3) years; and

d. Municipal Prisoner - one who is sentenced to a prison term of one (1) day to six (6) months.

Section 18. CLASSIFICATION OF DETAINEES - The three (3) classes of detainees are those:

a. Undergoing investigation;

b. Awaiting or undergoing trial; and

c. Awaiting final judgment.

Section 19. INMATES SECURITY CLASSIFICATION -The following are the classifications of inmates
according to security risk each may pose:

a. High Profile Inmate - those who require increased security based on intense media coverage or public concern as
a result of their offense such as but not limited to those who have been involved in a highly controversial or
sensationalized crime or those who became prominent for being a politician, government official, multi-million
entrepreneur, religious or cause-oriented group leader and movie or television personality.

b. High Risk Inmate - those who are considered highly dangerous and who require a greater degree of security,
control and supervision because of their deemed capability of escape, of being rescued, and their ability to launch or
spearhead acts of violence inside the jail. This includes those charged with heinous crimes such as murder,
kidnapping for ransom, economic sabotage, syndicated or organized crimes, etc. Also included are inmates with
military or police trainings or those whose life is in danger or under imminent threat.

SECTION 19. INMATES SECURITY

CLASSIFICATION CONT..

- HIGH VALUE TARGET (HVT) - a target, either a resource or a person, who may either be an enemy
combatant, high ranking official or a civilian in danger of capture or death, typically in possession of
critical intelligence, data, or authority marked as an objective for a mission and which a commander
requires for the successful completion of the same.
- . SECURITY THREAT GROUP - any formal or informal ongoing inmates’ group, gang, organization or
association consisting of three or more members falling into one of the following basic categories: street
gangs, prison gangs, outlaw gangs, traditional organized crime, aboriginal gangs, subversive groups and
terrorist organizations.
SECTION 19. INMATES SECURITY

CLASSIFICATION CONT..

- SUBVERSIVE GROUP - a group of persons that adopts or advocates subversive principles or policies
tending to overthrow or undermine an established government.

- TERRORIST GROUP - a group of persons that commits any of the following: piracy and mutiny in the
high seas or in the Philippine waters, rebellion or insurrection, coup d’état, murder, kidnapping and serious
illegal detention, crimes involving destruction, arson, hijacking, violation of laws on toxic substances and
hazardous and nuclear waste control, violations of atomic energy regulations, anti-piracy and antihighway
robbery, illegal and unlawful possession, manufacture, dealing in, acquisition or disposition of firearms,
ammunitions or explosives.

- VIOLENT EXTREMIST OFFENDER (VEO) - a person whose political or religious ideologies are
considered far outside the mainstream attitudes of the society or who violates common moral standards and
who has adopted an increasingly extreme ideals and aspirations resorting to the employment of violence in
the furtherance of his/her beliefs.

SECTION 19. INMATES SECURITY

CLASSIFICATION CONT..

- MEDIUM RISK INMATES -those who represent a moderate risk to the public and staff. These inmates
still require greater security, control and supervision as they might escape from and might commit violence
inside the jail.
- . MINIMUM RISK INMATES (ORDINARY INMATES) - those inmates who have lesser tendencies to
commit offenses and generally pose the least risk to public safety. In most cases, they may be first time
offenders and are charged with light offenses.

Section 20. REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMITMENT - No person shall be committed to any jail facility without
the following required documents:

• Commitment Order;
• Medical Certificate - recent medical certificate taken within 24 hours prior to admission;.
• Complaint/Information;
• Police Booking Sheet; and
• Certificate of Detention from PNP and/or NBI.
RULE III RECEPTION AND RELEASING PROCEDURES, CLASSIFICATION BOARD, DISCIPLINARY
BOARD AND PUNISHABLE ACTS OF INMATES

• Section 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES

A. Gater

- He or she checks the credentials of the person bringing the inmate/the committing officer to determine his/her
identity and authority. Also, he or she reviews the completeness of the following documents before the person
bringing an inmate/the committing officer is allowed to enter the facility. The documents mentioned earlier refer to
the:

1. Commitment Order;
2. Medical Certificate – recent medical certificate taken within 24 hours prior to admission;
3. .Complaint/Information;
4. .Police Booking Sheet; and
5. Certificate of Detention from PNP and/or NBI.

ADDITIONALLY, THE "GATER" SHALL SUBJECT THE PERSON TO BE COMMITTED AND HIS/HER

ESCORTS FOR SEARCH AND INSPECTION AS PRESCRIBED. FINALLY, HE OR SHE (GATER) REFERS

THE PERSON TO BE COMMITTED AND HIS OR HER ESCORTS TO THE RECORDS UNIT.

RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

B. Records Unit

- This unit examines the completeness and authenticity of the requirements for Commitment (Commitment Order,
Booking Sheet, Arrest Report and Information) before it refers the inmate for physical examination by the Health
Unit.

C. Health Unit:

1. Checks the authenticity of the entries in the medical certificate; conducts thorough physical examination of the
inmate to determine his or her true physical condition; and asks searching questions to determine injury/injuries
found to have been sustained by the inmate after the conduct of medical examination or those injuries not diagnosed
prior to commitment in jail. Inmate is required to undress while undergoing medical examination. A female inmate
shall be examined by female health personnel. A male inmate may be examined by either male or female health
personnel;
2. In case of ANY DISCREPANCY found during physical examination but same discrepancy is not indicated in the
medical certificate, the COMMITTING OFFICER SHALL BE REQUIRED TO SECURE ANOTHER MEDICAL
CERTIFICATE OF THE INMATE.

• NOTE!

The commitment of an inmate shall be held in abeyance pending the submission of a new medical
certificate with findings congruent to the medical findings of the jail physician/nurse. The reason for the
deferment of commitment shall be recorded in the jail blotter. In case the committing officer fails to return
the inmate to jail within twenty-four (24) hours, the reasons for the deferment of commitment and the
grounds thereof shall be reported immediately to the court that issued the commitment order;

RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

3. In the absence of a jail nurse/medical personnel, the receiving officer shall refer the person to be committed to the
NEAREST GOVERNMENT HEALTH FACILITY FOR MEDICAL EVALUATION (check the medical certificate
and observe the mental alertness, physical abnormalities and the overall appearance of the inmates); and

4. If no discrepancy is found during physical examination, the inmate shall be referred back to the Records Unit.

RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

D. Records Unit

-Receives the inmate and the documents from the committing officer and conducts the following:

1. Start the booking procedures:

a. Accomplish the jail booking sheet;

b. Strip-search the inmate to check for any birth marks, tattoos, etc;

c. Encode the inmate's information to the NIMS;

d. Fingerprint and photograph the inmate with mug shot background; and

e. List the names of the visitors authorized by the inmate.

2. Apprise the inmate in a dialect that he/she understands of the provisions of Art 29 of the RPC which was further
amended by R.A. 10592;
RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

• REPUBLIC ACT No. 10592

• “AN ACT AMENDING ARTICLES 29, 94, 97, 98 AND 99 OF ACT NO. 3815, AS AMENDED, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE REVISED PENAL CODE”

RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

• Section 1. Article 29 of Act No. 3815, as amended, otherwise known as the Revised Penal Code, is hereby further
amended to read as follows:

• "ART. 29. Period of preventive imprisonment deducted from term of imprisonment. – Offenders or accused who
have undergone preventive imprisonment shall be credited in the service of their sentence consisting of deprivation
of liberty, with the full time during which they have undergone preventive imprisonment if the detention prisoner
agrees voluntarily in writing after being informed of the effects thereof and with the assistance of counsel to abide
by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted prisoners, except in the following cases:

1. When they are recidivists, or have been convicted previously twice or more times of any crime; and

2. When upon being summoned for the execution of their sentence they have failed to surrender voluntarily.

• “If the detention prisoner does not agree to abide by the same disciplinary rules imposed upon convicted
prisoners, he shall do so in writing with the assistance of a counsel and shall be credited in the service of
his sentence with four-fifths of the time during which he has undergone preventive imprisonment.
• “Credit for preventive imprisonment for the penalty of reclusion perpetua shall be deducted from thirty
(30) years.
• “Whenever an accused has undergone preventive imprisonment for a period equal to the possible
maximum imprisonment of the offense charged to which he may be sentenced and his case is not yet
terminated, he shall be released immediately without prejudice to the continuation of the trial thereof or the
proceeding on appeal, if the same is under review. Computation of preventive imprisonment for purposes
of immediate release under this paragraph shall be the actual period of detention with good conduct time
allowance.

RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

• SEC. 2. Article 94 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as follows:

• “ART. 94. Partial extinction of criminal liability. – Criminal liability is extinguished partially:

• “1. By conditional pardon;

• “2. By commutation of the sentence; and

• “3. For good conduct allowances which the culprit may earn while he is undergoing preventive imprisonment or

serving his sentence.”

RULE III SECTION 21. RECEPTION PROCEDURES CONT..

• SEC. 3. Article 97 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as

follows:

• “ART. 97. Allowance for good conduct. – The good conduct of any offender qualified for credit for preventive
imprisonment pursuant to Article 29 of this Code, or of any convicted prisoner in any penal institution, rehabilitation
or detention center or any other local jail shall entitle him to the following deductions from the period of his
sentence:

1. During the first two years of imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of twenty days for each month of
good behavior during detention;

2. During the third to the fifth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a reduction of twenty-three
days for each month of good behavior during detention;

3. During the following years until the tenth year, inclusive, of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of
twenty-five days for each month of good behavior during detention;

4. During the eleventh and successive years of his imprisonment, he shall be allowed a deduction of thirty days for
each month of good behavior during detention; and

5. At any time during the period of imprisonment, he shall be allowed another deduction of fifteen days, in addition
to numbers one to four hereof, for each month of study, teaching or mentoring service time rendered.

• “An appeal by the accused shall not deprive him of entitlement to the above allowances for good conduct.”

• SEC. 4. Article 98 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as

follows:

• “ART. 98. Special time allowance for loyalty. – A deduction of one fifth of the period of his sentence shall be
granted to any prisoner who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service of his sentence

under the circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of this Code, gives himself up to the authorities within 48 hours
following the issuance of a proclamation announcing the passing away of the calamity or catastrophe referred to in
said article. A deduction of two-fifths of the period of his sentence shall be granted in case said prisoner chose to
stay in the place of his confinement notwithstanding the existence of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated in Article
158 of this Code.

• “This Article shall apply to any prisoner whether undergoing preventive imprisonment or serving sentence.”

• SEC. 5. Article 99 of the same Act is hereby further amended to read as follows:”

• “ART. 99. Who grants time allowances. – Whenever lawfully justified, the Director of the Bureau of Corrections,
the Chief of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and/or the Warden of a provincial, district, municipal or
city jail shall grant allowances for good conduct. Such allowances once granted shall not be revoked.”

• The CLASSIFICATION BOARD is tasked to conduct background investigation of inmates to determine the cell
assignment, the appropriate rehabilitative program, the type of supervision and degree of custody and restrictions
applicable to the inmate/s. The investigation shall focus on the following:

a. Facts and data of the present case;

b. Inmate's recent criminal history and the facts about the inmate's attitudes and behavior while confined in other
institutions, if the inmate is a recidivist or a habitual delinquent;

c. Biography or life history;

d. Medical History;

e. Vocational, recreational, educational and religious background/interests; and

f. Psychological characteristics as evaluated by the psychiatrist and psychologist.

RULE III SECTION 23. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CLASSIFICATION BOARD

• Note:

• The inmate is required to appear before the Classification Board for validation of his/her profile. Upon completion
of the classification assessment, the inmate is then apprised of his/her cell assignment and welfare programs
appropriate for him/her. He/she is asked if he/she is willing to undergo this program for his/her own good. If he/she
is willing, the Board will see to it that the program planned for the inmate is followed. Then the inmate is assigned
to his/her cell according to the approved classification.
SECTION 24. CLASSIFICATION PROCESS

A. ADMISSION OF INMATE

• Once the inmate has undergone the registration process; he/she will be temporarily housed at the Inmate
Classification and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is available. The inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a

minimum period of thirty (30) days but not exceeding sixty (60) days or until the completion of the classification
process. At the ICCU, the newly committed inmate will undergo assessment by the different health professionals.

B. MEDICAL EXAMINATION

• The jail medical Officer or the jail officer designated nurse of the Health Unit will conduct a thorough physical
examination on the newly committed inmate and will note down significant bodily marks, scars, tattoos and lesions
based on the medical certificate presented by the committing officer. He or she must ensure that his/her findings are
congruent to the medical certificate presented. Any discrepancy shall warrant further investigation by and reporting
of the same to the CHR.

SECTION 24. CLASSIFICATION PROCESS

C. Results of the medical examination shall be recorded and shall bear the signature of the physician or nurse who

conducted the examination. Medical issues will be attended to accordingly.

D. DENTAL EXAMINATION

• The jail dentist shall perform a thorough dental examination and recording of his or her findings. The record shall
bear the signature of the dentist who conducted the examination. Dental issues that need immediate attention shall
be so attended to accordingly.

E. PSYCHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION

• The jail psychologist-in-charge shall conduct psychological examination to determine the inmate’s psychological
state at the time of examination. Results will be recorded in the psychologist’s logbook or in the health assessment
card/HAS and shall bear the signature of the psychologist who conducted the examination.

F. SOCIAL CASE STUDY

• The jail social worker shall conduct in-depth interview with the newly admitted inmate, an interview that
considers the "who the inmate is" from birth up to the present including his/her familial, educational, social,
vocational and other issues that has an impact on his/her personality. The findings will be recorded and shall bear the
signature of the social worker who conducted the assessment. In jails , the interview will be done by the social
worker-in-charge upon the order of the court or as requested by the medical officer, the psychiatrist or the duly
designated jail warden for specific purposes.

G. RISK ASSESSMENT

• -risk assessment tool shall be utilized to determine the level of violence/risk the inmate poses, either external or
internal. This will help in the proper classification and segregation of inmates and in the design of specific
development plans.

H. PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION

• Using the results of the psychological examination, social case study, and risk assessment, the psychiatrist
conducts a psychiatric evaluation to determine the present mental state of the inmate and to diagnose any existing
psychiatric illness for further treatment. The result will be recorded and shall bear the signature of the psychiatrist
who conducted the examination.

• The inmate shall undergo psychiatric evaluation under the following conditions:

1.The jail psychologist refers the inmate for further evaluation;

2.The court orders the psychological/psychiatric evaluation of the inmate;

3.The inmate was/is manifesting behavioral oddities;

4. The inmate discloses or admits upon inquiry by the admitting health staff that he/she had previous psychiatric
consultation or had undergone psychiatric treatment;

5. The inmate discloses or admits upon inquiry by the admitting health staff that he/she had attempted to commit or
had committed suicide or that he or she has noticeable body marks or scars indicating history of suicidal behavior;

6. The inmate discloses or admits that he or she has a history of recent torture, or he or she has been a victim of
physical abuse or domestic violence;

7. The inmate discloses upon inquiry by the health staff that he/she has recently ingested/abused illicit substances or
that he or she is an alcohol or other illicit substance dependent;

8. The disciplinary board referred the inmate for further evaluation and management; and

9. The inmate is a recidivist for heinous crimes or was charged of a sexual offense or was considered as violent sex
offender.

• Note:

- The working diagnosis will be recorded at the inmate’s health assessment card and
the details of the examination will be written in the psychiatrist’s logbook provided by the jail health unit. Every
examination result shall bear the signature of the examining psychiatrist.

I. . CASE MANAGEMENT

- Each inmate will be assigned to a specific case manager who may either be a psychologist, a social worker or a
nurse. The case manager shall be responsible for the consolidation of all the results and shall make the proper
decision as to the classification of the inmates and the identification development programs for each inmate.

J. INMATE ORIENTATION AND COUNSELING

- While undergoing assessment, the inmate shall be oriented on the basic jail rules and regulations. He/she shall be
introduced to the different development programs that would best promote his/her personal growth. In this phase,
the newly committed inmate shall likewise undergo counseling for him/her to develop better coping skills thereby
preventing psychological imbalance in the early phase of incarceration.

K. Inmate Evaluation and Classification

- Using the different tools of assessment, the newly committed inmate will now be classified based on the level of
risk and present physical, mental and emotional state.

L. Proper Cell Assignment and Development Plans

- After the inmate has undergone all the assessments, his/her case manager shall consolidate all the results. Based on
the results of the final evaluation, the inmate may then be assigned to the cell that is deemed best for his/her growth
and well-being.

M. The newly committed inmate is encouraged to participate in the recommended development programs.

N. Monitoring - After the inmate has been transferred to his/her assigned cell and has been attending the prescribed
development programs, the case manager shall periodically monitor, and change and enhance inmate's development
program/s depending on his or her behavioral progress

RULE VI DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP PERSONNEL IN THE FRONTLINE SERVICE

I. Jail Warden

1. The jail warden generally exercises supervision and control over all personnel in the jail unit and the inmates in
all matters related to the following:

a. Proper implementation of legal orders, rules and regulations and directives on jail operation and administration;
b. Administration of sanctions and other disciplinary actions on inmates and reporting to higher authority those
personnel under his command who willfully disobey lawful order and commit any infraction of law; and

c. Conduct of greyhound operations and inspections of jail facilities and premises.

RULE VI DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP PERSONNEL IN THE FRONTLINE SERVICE

Jail Warden

2. Looks after the welfare of his men through awards, commendations and the like:

a. Leads and enforces a high standard of discipline among his personnel;

b. Endeavors to promote personal and professional growth of subordinates;

c. Observes fairness and impartiality in dealing with personnel and inmates; and

d. Always upholds human rights and observes the code of conduct.

RULE VI DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP

PERSONNEL IN THE FRONTLINE SERVICE

Jail Warden

3. Assumes responsibility for the formulation and implementation of emergency plans to preclude occurrence of jail
incidents and disturbances. He shall acts as adviser to the PA as regard the implementation of plans, programs and
policies of the Jail Bureau;

4.. Delegates work activities to his subordinates and ensures their accomplishment through effective monitoring
system;

5. Ensures proper use and maintenance of equipment;

6. Coordinates with GOs or NGOs and/or the media groups;

7. Acts on other matters as his PA and/or RD may direct;

8. Submits spot reports, if necessary, to higher offices;

9. Turnover duties and responsibilities including supplies, logistical funds, organic equipment, records,
paraphernalia, books and magazines to the incoming jail warden upon relief or such needed records, supplies and
equipment to his designated OIC during his absence; and

10. Performs such other functions as higher offices may direct.

RULE VI DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP PERSONNEL IN THE FRONTLINE SERVICE

II. Assistant Warden

1. Assumes the duties and responsibilities appurtenant to the warden in the latter’s absence;

2. Assists the jail warden in the implementation of plans, programs and policies of the Jail Bureau;

3. Assists the jail warden in the supervision and monitoring of various projects, programs and policies of the Jail
Unit;

4. Assists the jail warden in the over-all management of the jail unit; and

5. Acts as chairman of the inmate’s disciplinary machinery.

RULE VI DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BJMP PERSONNEL IN THE FRONTLINE SERVICE

III. Human Resource Management Officer (HRMO)

1. Supervises the implementation of administrative policies relative to the proper wearing of uniform, attendance
and participation in jail functions;

2. Implements programs for welfare development and uplift of morale and discipline;

3. Shall be responsible in the safekeeping of administrative and personnel records or 201 files;

4. Prepares office orders, details and disposition of personnel, memoranda, administrative issuances and other
communications as instructed;

5. Programs activities to jail information and education, trainings and seminars, and sports development;

6. Evaluates the performance of each personnel; and

7. Coordinates with NGOs/LGUs as regard personnel development trainings.