Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive VDO1 1 / 2

ENGLISH Introduction to To-infinitives 01

TOPIC 1 What are To-infinitives?

Infinitives as Adverbs Infinitives as Nouns Infinitives as Adjectives

I went to the US to study To study English is not an easy We have some English words
English. task. to study.

We want to study English.

It is important to study The best place to study

English. English is here.

My ambition is to study in the

US.

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VDO1 2 / 2 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive

01 Introduction to To-infinitives ENGLISH

EX1 Underline to-infinitives in the following sentences and identify their usages (as an adverb, a
noun, or an adjective).

1. It is wonderful to have good friends. Usage: __________________________

2. To swim in that area is very dangerous. Usage: __________________________

3. You should drink more to lower blood pressure Usage: __________________________

4. He refused to open the door, so I waited outside. Usage: __________________________

5. Everyone wanted to go to the beach to swim. Usage: __________________________

6. To trust is to accept risk and uncertainty. Usage: __________________________

7. She demanded to speak to the manager. Usage: __________________________

8. We have lots of clothes to wash, so let’s bring them to the laundry store.

Usage: _________________________________________________________________________

9. We didn’t have enough bread, so I went to the supermarket to buy more of it.

Usage: _________________________________________________________________________

10. The best way to rent a house is to hire an agent from our company.

Usage: _________________________________________________________________________

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 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive VDO2 1 / 2

ENGLISH To-infinitives as Adverbs 01

TOPIC 1 To-infinitives as adverbs that describe verbs

To-Infinitives as Adverbs that Describe Verbs

Subject Main Verb + Adverb
(Object / Complement) [To-Infinitive + (Object / Complement)]
We locked the door to prevent theft.

I read books to gain knowledge.

My parents will not come to pick me up from school.

Marie takes a lot of Vitamin C to fight flu and viruses.

The boy ran to the door to greet his friends.

TOPIC 2 To-infinitives as adverbs that describe adjectives

To-Infinitives as Adverbs that Describe Adjectives

Subject Main Verb (To Be) + Adverb
Adjective [To-Infinitive + (Object / Complement)]
Simon is happy not to wake up early tomorrow.

They were not ready to start the game.

I was really excited to go to college.

Ted and Li are proud to be Americans.

Your dogs will be delighted to get new toys.

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VDO2 2 / 2 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive

01 To-infinitives as Adverbs ENGLISH

EX1 Rewrite the following sentences to form new sentences with to-infinitives. In your rewritten
sentences, underline the to-infinitives and circle the verbs/adjectives that they modify.

1. I must leave now, so I can catch the next train.

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. We have locked all the doors, so we are ready. We can leave now.

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. I am going to New York. I can see the Empire State Building in New York.

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. They were really surprised yesterday. They saw us at the mall yesterday.

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. My friends studied all week, so they can improve their grades.

__________________________________________________________________________________

6. It will be fun. We will go to the concert together.

__________________________________________________________________________________

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 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive VDO3 1 / 2

ENGLISH To-infinitives as Nouns 01

TOPIC 1 To-infinitives as subject nouns

To-Infinitives as Subject Nouns

Subject + (Object / Complement / Modifier) Main Verb Subject Complement / Object
To tell the truth is very important.
To live in Australia was not her ultimate dream.
To study mathematics at Harvard requires great determination.

TOPIC 2 To-infinitives as direct object nouns

To-Infinitives as Direct Object Nouns

Subject Main Verb Direct Object Noun
The children don’t want to go to bed early.
They plan to watch a movie together tonight.
This shop refused to accept my credit card.
You and I agreed not to talk about it anymore.
The president has decided not to participate in the discussions.

TOPIC 3 To-infinitives as subject complements

To-Infinitives as Subject Complements

Subject (Noun Phrase) Main Verb Subject Complement
His good habit is to go for a walk in the nature every morning.
Her decision last year was to extend the deadline by three months.
My future plans are to study engineering and to become an astronaut.

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VDO3 2 / 2 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive

01 To-infinitives as Nouns ENGLISH

EX1 Create sentences from the given words using to-infinitives as nouns. In your answers,
underline to-infinitives and identify their usages (as a subject noun, a direct object noun, or a subject
complement).

1. Watson / always / manage / surprise me

_________________________________________________________________ Usage: ________________

2. Collin / like / meditate after a stressful day

_________________________________________________________________ Usage: ________________

3. The most important thing / be / remain optimistic

_________________________________________________________________ Usage: ________________

4. travel all across Europe / be / Kyle’s New Year resolution last year

_________________________________________________________________ Usage: ________________

_________________________________________________________________ Usage: ________________

5. My aims / be / widen the horizons / improve myself / motivate others

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Usage: ________________

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 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive VDO4 1 / 2

ENGLISH To-infinitives as Adjectives 01

TOPIC 1 To-infinitives as adjectives that describe object nouns / complements

To-Infinitives as Adjectives that Describe Object Nouns / Complements

Subject Main Verb Object / Complement Adjective
I need a van to transport my furniture.

These are the rules to remember.

This must be the best route to take.

It will cost 4 million baht to build this house.

We don’t have any reason to doubt your sincerity.

TOPIC 2 To-infinitives as adjectives that describe subject nouns

To-Infinitives as Adjectives that Describe Subject Nouns

Subject Adjective Main Verb + (Object / Complement)
Your idea to spend the day together tomorrow sounds great.

My dream to become a politician is stronger than ever.

The best place for us to relax is here.

Two ways to pass this exam are to study hard and to be lucky.

The right moment to talk about it has passed.

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VDO4 2 / 2 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive

01 To-infinitives as Adjectives ENGLISH

EX1 Underline the to-infinitives and circle the nouns that they describe (modify).

1. Roses are the flowers to give to your loved ones.

2. I have a lot of stuff to move to the attic.

3. The best thing to do now is to wait.

4. Samantha is the right girl for you to fall in love with.

5. The first attempt to build the Panama Canal ended in failure.

6. His determination to get this job is quite obvious.

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 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive SKILL1 1 / 4

ENGLISH Exercise 01
Choose the phrase that does not have a to-infinitive.
1.
A) to debate B) to his parents C) to last long D) to submit them

2.
A) to mobilize B) to calm me down C) to downtown D) to weigh

3.
A) to master B) to copy it C) to next Friday D) to have

4.
A) to courts B) to classify C) to civilize D) to claim

5.
A) to leave B) to pass C) to 8 yards D) to mail it

Fill in the blank to complete the sentence.

6. Our cousins have planned __________ a picnic on Sunday.
A) make B) to make

7. You mustn’t __________ left at the corner. It’s forbidden.

A) turn B) to turn

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SKILL1 2 / 4 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive

01 Exercise ENGLISH

Fill in the blank to complete the sentence.

8. Are you all ready __________ to the park now?
A) go B) to go

9. I __________ that because it looks disgusting.

A) prefer not to try B) to prefer not try

10. We should tell him __________ there because that place is too dangerous.
A) not to go B) to go not

11. His greatest ambitions are __________ .

A) to learn to speak 10 different languages B) to be a backpacker and travel the world

Choose the sentence that does not have a to-infinitive.

12.
A) I needed to listen to a relaxing sound to calm my mind.
B) You two are going to the airport with me tonight.
C) To walk in the middle of the road is not safe.
D) It’s so hard to say goodbye to your loved ones.

13.
A) It was too early for him to go for a walk.
B) My friends failed to complete their tasks in time.
C) We decided to move to South Africa next month.
D) My approach to life is remarkably similar to yours.

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 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive SKILL1 3 / 4

ENGLISH Exercise 01
Choose the sentence that does not have a to-infinitive.
14.
A) Sheila was very excited to participate in the contest.
B) Their devotion to God was inconsistent, and their love was unreliable.
C) You need the highest number of points to win.
D) Her relatives were the most important people to invite to the ceremony.

15.
A) Minnie wants to take swimming lessons with her friends.
B) To see the northern lights in person is incredible.
C) So many things in life seem to be a test of some kind.
D) Welcome to Korean Language Program for beginners.

16.
A) Pietro just received an invitation to dine with the Prime Minister.
B) To speak English well is definitely an advantage.
C) You can have an addiction to prescription drugs.
D) Why do we find it so hard to accept a compliment?

Choose the usage of the to-infinitive in each sentence.

17. The students studied very hard to pass the exams.
A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

18. It was too difficult to see in the dark.

A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

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SKILL1 4 / 4 Upper-intermediate Infinitive & Gerund > Infinitive

01 Exercise ENGLISH

Choose the usage of the to-infinitive in each sentence.

19. Your brother agreed to give me a ride back home.
A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

20. You always have people around you to help you.

A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

21. Esther has not decided to tell her family about it.
A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

22. I always learn new skills to improve myself.

A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

23. The doctors joined the A&E team to gain experience.

A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

24. The best time to wake up is early in the morning.

A) adverb B) noun C) adjective

25. To fall in love is to be vulnerable.

A) noun, adverb B) noun, noun C) noun, adjective

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