BOOK-7 / LESSON-1

GRAMMAR:
1) INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES: ( Other / Both )

 One boy is sad. The other boy is happy.  One boy is happy. The other boy is also happy.
 We liked one show. We didn’t like the other show. Both boys are happy.
 One book is on the table. The other one is on the chair.  I’m reading two books. Both books are good.
 Sally read one book. She didn’t read the other one.  Both brothers are mechanics.
 One brother is in the army. The other brother isn’t.  Are both jackets new ?

 One clock is wrong. The other one is wrong. Both clocks are wrong.
 One woman ordered soup. The other one also ordered soup. Both women ordered women.

2) SENTENCE EXPANSION: (Descriptive adjectives)

 The girl is crying. She is a little.  The pilot is young. He drives a car. The car is fast.
The little girl is crying. The young pilot drives a fast car.
 Bob drives a taxi. It is a red.  The barber is short. He gives haircuts.They’re good
Bob drives a red taxi. The short barber gives good haircut.
 The street is crowded. It’s narrow.  My camera is old. It takes pictures. They are good.
The narrow street is crowded. My old camera takes good pictures.

FUNCTION:
( Describing people and objects)

Joe : Is that man your doctor ? Joe : I think I’ll go to Houston next weekend.
Sue: No, that man is tall. My doctor is short. Sue: I went there last month. I can describe it to you.

Joe : Give me a description of him. Joe : Good. What is it like ?

Sue: He has brown hair and eyes. Sue: There are a lot of trees and buildings.

Joe : Is he young ? Joe : Is it very crowded ?

Sue: No, he’s not. He’s an old man. Sue: Yes. A few million people live there.

Joe : What is the weather like ?

Sue: It’s hot, but you can swim in the ocean.

Tom : What’s your room like at the school ? Dan : What does your father look like ?
Bob : It’s small, but nice. It has two windows. Bob : He’s very big, and he doesn’t have much hair.

Tom : Does it have a telephone ? Jim : What is your car like ?

Bob : No, but there’s a telephone in the hall. Joe : It’s an old red car with two doors.

Tom : What else does it have ?

Bob : It also has a desk, a chair, and a TV.

LESSON-2
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GRAMMAR:
1)COMPARATIVE - ER + THAN:

A) - er and than are added to regular adjectives to compare people or things.

Tall taller
clean cleaner
narrow er narrower
weak weaker
slow slower
long longer
Exp.: Greg is taller than Dana.
This window is cleaner than that one.

B) Words that end in a consonant with a short vowel sound before the consonant will double the consonant before adding -
er and than.
Wet + ter wetter
big + ger bigger
sad + der sadder
hot + ter hotter
Exp.: His shoes are wetter than his coat.

C) Words that end in a consonant + y change the y to i and add -er and than.
( y......> i + -er = -ier + than )
happy happier
heavy heavier
rainy - ier rainier
windy windier
thirsty thirstier
hungry hungrier
Exp.: The men were happier than the woman.

D) Word that end in e need only -r and than.

Nice nicer
large larger
little -r littler
late later
wide wider
blue bluer
Exp.: Today’s weather is nicer than yesterday’s.

 The top of the hill is higher than the button of the hill.
 That problem is harder than the other problem.
 Line A is straighter than line B.
 The sweater is wetter than the shirt.
 The red car is newer than the green car.
 Today is warmer than yesterday.
 My daughter is older than my son.
 Linda is happier than Mark.
 John is thirstier than me.
 I woke up earlier than Tom

2) INDEFINITE PRONOUNS: ( Some/Any - Both/Other )

Some / Any :
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Joe : I made some coffee. Do you want some. Joe: I need some paper. Do you have any ?
Sue : Sure. I’ll take a cup. Sue: Sure. Here’s some

Bob: I need some black shoes. Can you show me some ? Bob: Have some coffee.
Al : Yes, sir, I’ll bring some. Al : No, thanks. I never drinks any at night.

Ann: Would you like sugar in your tea ? Ann: Do you want some help ?
Bob: Yes, I would like some, please. Bob: No, thanks. I don’t need any.

 We need some pictures. * She does n’t have any fruit.

 He has some oranges.
 The boys need some shirts.
 Linda bought some eggs.
Both / Other :
 This book is small. The other book is also small
Both books are small. Both are small.
 Tom speaks English. Sue speaks English.
Both speak English.
 Do you want milk or coffee ?
I’ll have both, please.
 Do you want chicken or fish ?
I don’t know. I like both.
* They don’t need any shoes.
* She didn’t buy any apples.
* She didn’t have any quarters.
* One student is from Europe.
The other is from Africa.
* I’ll eat the big piece of cake.
You can have the other.
* One glove is wet, but the other is okay.
* There’s only one shoe here. Where is the other?
* One class is studying math.
The other is studying English.

Examples:
1) I made some coffee. Do you want____any / some___?
2) Here is the right shoe. Where’s the_____other______?
3) She has to buy milk.She doesn’t have_____any______?
4) There are two men in the room. Do you know___both__?
5) This shirt is for me; the___other___is for my brother.

FUNCTION :
 His hands are smaller than Tom’s hands.
 Your hair is longer than Jean’s hair.
 Her car isn’t bigger than his car.
 New York is colder than Cairo.
 My uncle is older than Tom.
 My sister is younger than Sue.
 My belt is wider than that one.
 River is narrower than the sea.
 Texas is bigger than California.
 Joe is not older than Mary.

LESSON-3
GRAMMAR :
1)How old is/are + noun/pronoun :
 How old is Steve ?  How old are Jane and Dick ?
He’s ten years old. She’s seven; he’s eleven.
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 How old are Mr. And Mrs. Clark ?  How old is the city ?
They’re both thirty years old. It’s over 250 years.
 How old is their house ?  How old is Alice ?
It’s fifteen years old. She’s six years old.
 How old is this base ?  How old are you ?
It’s about 45 years old. Twenty-four.
 How old is your car ?  How old is this house ?
It’s only a years old. It’s five years old.
2)SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES : ( the + -est )
ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE
big bigger the biggest
heavy heavier the heaviest
light lighter the lightest
new newer the newest
old older the oldest
wide wider the widest

The superlative form of the adjective is used to compare three or more persons, or things. Add the + est to
one-syllable adjectives and to some two-syllable adjectives.

 The car is fast.  David has the biggest suitcase. Strong - strongest
The train is faster than the car.  Carol has the heaviest suitcase. Happy - happiest
The airplane is the fastest.  Steven has the oldest one. Hungry - hungriest
 Bottle 1 is big.  The small suitcase is the lightest Young - youngest
Bottle 2 is bigger than bottle 1.  The large suitcase is the widest. Short - shortest
Bottle 3 is the biggest.  The one in the center is the newest. Tall - tallest
 Joe is 20 years old. Slow - slowest
Bob’s 40. He’s older than Joe. Fast - fastest
Ted’s 50. He’s the oldest. Clean - cleanest
Dirty - dirtiest
Sunny - sunniest
Cold - coldest
Wet - wettest
FUNCTION :
June 8
put
Dear Tom and Nancy , stamp
We arrived in England on Tuesday. The here
flight was long, but the children slept a lot. Our (1)Name ---------------- Mr. And Mrs. Tom Dean
hotel is small and very nice. The food is different, (2)Street ---------------- 144 Lakeside Drive____
but good. Today we walked around London (3)City------------------- Dallas,(4) Texas 75260
Tomorrow, We’ll ride the bus! It’s cool and rainy (4)State/Zip code
here. How’s your weather ? (5)Country--------------- United States__

Your friends
Dan and Linda Clark

LESSON-4
GRAMMAR :
1) USE +GERUND / INFINITIVE :
USE + FOR + VÝNG
I __knife_____ cutting_____ meat.___
You
Sue and I Use __cup______ drinking____ coffee.__
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The boys_ ______ a for
Becky __camera___ taking_____ Pictures.
He Uses
John glass drinking milk.

 Did you use the library for studying ?
 They use a camera for taking pictures
 I didn’t use the blue cup for drinking my coffee.
 Does your sister use the stove for cooking ?
 What does Walt use for shaving ?
 Ron used my bed for sleeping.
 Tom doesn’t use a pencil for writing.
 What did your friends use for traveling ?
 Do you use soap for brushing your teeth ?
 A pilot doesn’t use a car for flying.

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USE + TO +V
I knife__ cut meat.___
The girls use cup____ drink tea.___
You______ ______ a camera_ to take pictures.
Tom uses glass___ drink juice._
He spoon eat ice cream.

 We use a sharpener to sharpen a pencil.  We use our lips, teeth, and tongues to talk.
 We use a doorknob to open a door.  We use a stove to cook.
 The teacher uses chalk to write.  We use our feet to walk.
 We use a cabinet to keep medicine.  We use our ears to listen.
 We use an umbrella to stay dry.  We use our eyes to see.

FUNCTION :
Making questions and answers about items around you.

Example: What’s a pencil sharpener used for ?

It’s used for sharpening pencils.

Or
It’s used to sharpen pencils.

BOOK-8 / LESSON-1
GRAMMAR :
1) FUTURE (be going to ) :

Will = be going to

I am
He is going to leave at 8:00
You are

 Fred is going to listen to the weather report.  Sam and Lou are going to drive to the airport.
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 The temperature is going to fall.
 It’s going to freeze.
 It’s going to be 28O Fahrenheit.
 Fred is going to buy a warmer coat.
 They’re going to get their brother Jim.
 Their brother’s plane is going to land at 7:30.
 The plane is going to take off at 10:00 a.m.
 He’s going to stay for six days.
 She’s going to leave on Thursday.
 Jim is going to return next year.

I am
She is not going to swim
You are

 Ken is not going to drive to the bank.  I’m not going to buy a jacket.
 Sam isn’t going to move the end table.  She’s not going to wear her new dress.
 They are not going to grow potatoes..  You aren’t going to leave at 5:00.

WH QUESTIONS :
 Who is going to mail the packages ?----------(Sara)-------------- Sara is going to mail the packages.
 Where are the students going to study ?------(library)----------- They are going to study in the library.
 What are you going to wear tomorrow ?----- (my new suit)----- I’m going to wear my new suit.
 When is the plane going to take off ?--------(in one hour )----- The plane is going to take off in one hour.
 Which thermometer are you going to use ?- (Fahrenheit)---- I’m going to use the Fahrenheit thermometer.

2) COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE :

TEST SCORES good-better-the best / bad-worse-the worst

Nancy 100  Harry had a score of 85. It’s a good score.
Joe 90  Sara’s score is 69. It’s a bad score.
Harry 85  Joe’s score is 90. It’s better than Harry’s.
Sara 69  Sam’s score is 62. It’s worse than Harry’s.
Sam 62  Nancy’s score is 100. She had the best score.
Janet 56  Janet’s score is 56. She had the worst score.

 Apple 1 is better than apple 2.

 Plane A is worse than plane B.
 Summer has the best weather.
 Fruit is better than candy for me.
 The mass hall has worse food than the officer’s club.
 August is the best month for vacation.
 The worst is very cold weather.

FUNCTION (giving directors) :

 Excuse me , please. How do I get to the nearest
school ?
Go east on Oak Road to 5th Street.
Turn to the left and go two blocks.
It’s on your right, north of the post office.
Bill: How can I get to the library ?
Dave: The base library or the one downtown ?
Bill: The downtown library.
Dave: Get on the bus at 48th and lake

 Excuse me, please. How can I get to post office? Bill: okay
First go east on Oak road to 5th Street. Dave: Get off at Main and Lake and walk south.
Turn to the left.
Then go to (for) one block. Bill: Okay. Then what ?
It’s on your right. Dave: Turn left on Pine. Go straight ahead three blocks.

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 LESSON-2
GRAMMAR:
1)INFINITIVE AS DIRECT OBJECT :
Certain verbs may be followed by the present infinitive form ( to speak, to work, to talk, etc.). The verbs
that you know, which follow the pattern.

begins
starts
remembers
forgets
Carlos likes to speak English.
wants
needs
tries
learns