AAPL Consulting Engineers LLC

Design Criteria ASME B 31.1

Design Parameters 1
Internal Design Pressure.
The internal design pressure shall be not less than the maximum sustained operating pressure
(MSOP) within the piping system including the effects of static head. (Check)

External Design Pressure.

Piping subject to external pressure shall be designed for the maximum differential pressure
anticipated during operating, shutdown, or test conditions. (Check)

Design Temperature

The piping shall be designed for a metal temperature representing the maximum sustained condition
expected. The design temperature shall be assumed to be the same as the fluid temperature unless
calculations or tests support the use of other data, in which case the design temperature shall not be
less than the average of the fluid temperature and the outside wall temperature. (Check)

Ambient Influences

Cooling Effects on Pressure. Where the cooling of a fluid may reduce the pressure in the piping to
below atmospheric, the piping shall be designed to withstand the external pressure or provision shall
be made to break the vacuum. (Check)

Fluid Expansion Effects.

Where the expansion of a fluid may increase the pressure, the piping system shall be designed to
withstand the increased pressure or provision shall be made to relieve the excess pressure. (Check)

Design Parameters 2
Dynamic Effects
Impact. Impact forces caused by all external and internal conditions/ Pressure Ram/Hammer shall be
considered in the piping design as applicable to network. (Check)

Wind. Exposed piping shall be designed to \withstand wind loadings, using meteorological data to
determine "wind forces. Reference to ASCE Codes (Check)

Earthquake. The effect of earthquakes, where applicable, shall be considered in the design of piping,
piping supports, and restraints, using necessary seismic data Reference to ASCE Codes or DM or ADH
Seismic codes (Check)

Vibration. Piping shall be arranged and supported with consideration of vibration. (Check)

Design Parameters 3
Weight Effects
The following 'weight effects combined with loads and forces from other causes shall be taken into
account in the design of piping. Piping shall be carried on adjustable hangers or properly levelled

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rigid hangers or supports, and suitable springs, sway bracing, vibration dampeners, etc., shall be
provided where necessary.

live Load. The live load consists of the weight of the fluid transported. Snow and ice loads shall be
considered in localities where such conditions exist. (Check)

Dead load. The dead load consists of the weight of the piping components, insulation, protective
lining and coating, and other superimposed permanent loads. (Check)

Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads

General. The design of piping systems shall take account of the forces and moments resulting from
thermal expansion and contraction, and from the effects of expansion joints. Thermal expansion and
contraction shall be provided for preferably by pipe bends, elbows, offsets or changes in direction of
the pipeline. Hangers and supports shall permit expansion and contraction of the piping between
anchors. (Check)

Loads ON PIPE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS

Hangers and supporting elements shall be fabricated and assembled to permit the free movement of
piping caused by thermal expansion and contraction. The design of elements for supporting or
restraining piping systems, or components thereof, shall be based on all the concurrently acting loads
transmitted into the supporting elements.

• Supports, Anchors, and Guides

• Rigid-Type Supports
• The required strength of all supporting elements shall be based on the loadings;
• Dead weight
• Dynamic weight
• Load combinations
• Sustained and Occasional Loads

(Check)

Anchors or Guides. There anchors or guides are provided to restrain, direct, or absorb piping
movements, their design shall take into account the forces and moments at these elements caused
by internal pressure and thermal expansion. (Check)

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Anchors and Guides

Anchors, guides, pivots, and restraints shall be designed to secure the desired points of piping in
relatively fixed positions. They shall permit the piping to expand and contract freely in directions
away from the anchored or guided point and shall be structurally suitable to \withstand the thrusts,
moments, and other loads imposed. (Check)

Rolling or sliding supports shall permit free movement of the piping, or the piping shall be designed
to include the imposed load and frictional resistance of these types of supports, and dimensions shall
provide for the expected movement of the supported piping. Materials and lubricants used in sliding
supports sha11 be suitable for the metal temperature at the point of sliding contact. (Check)

Expansion joint Employment Nomenclature (Check)

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