transcription & RNA

processing
central Dogma-Messrs DNA - Townsider (Genotype)
DNA

↓ transcription (Reversible) no
virus
RNA

↓ translation (Irreversible)
Protein

Gene Expression -

mindsor DNA

Prokaryote
· hinder cytoplasm esuad

Eukaryote
·
Replication (in nucleus
·
transcription
·translation in
4 RNA
processing
cytoplasm

RNAs and gene expression

↑

· mRNA - downs protein

· tRNA-> Is RNA in translation
·RNA-RNA is ribosome in
synthesis
Protein +sRNAs
RNA ·shRNAS -RNA Process in componentof splicesomes anExon, Intron =

miRNAs - E RNA mRNA as a sis ridor

3'-CATATECTA*- 5 Template strand
protein
-
5 CATACAATC -3' New stand
5 CAUACIAUC-5 mRNA
-

3-5
05
-
3 -> di W orner T 5'Es 3' ↳ ease transcriber
iuzbe!!
Non-complement"with New stand
- ·

-> 5
+
3 5 -
3
irrier timeing serie
complementbase "with template stand
21
+
3 5
->
no-primer ·prese

RNApolymerase wis elongation

RNA
Type polymerase
-
·
RNA
unwind, rewinding
->

balance
persons

↳
->
Transcription bubble z 88 ~

Prokaryote
14 Eukaryote
·
(x -

c) we
-

- ximirtide c
-assembly complex
interio euewieses DNA, RNA
↳
· -

single 5 type -> so Base andche

· o+ moinitiation
 3
stages of transcription Prokaryote precentor
1. initiation → 0 -
subunit position of premotor
un

ionium
binding premotor [ -35 now -10 )
↳ close complex ; DNA ÑnoifÑÑÑwnoon

[ RNA polymerase
into von position mirroring
room
binding promoter
RNA

( ! !! .gg?gmpPn!%afqgFnn.Ata!pY!??
Unwind ) 0
'
"
subunit snio start transcription
☒ position ñ • -

"
"
→

> that numeric phosphodiester bond 6

consensus
base
sequence
origin
n'
↓
on
premotor n' ow riowqn start 35 base Ohlin start to base

oonwoig.hu F- A iron IN

RNA polymerase Prnomnotor

①
1. V1

2. stop At Promotion = close complex

3. ÑN unwind At =
open complex
4. RNA
polymerase dohsÑwW%uy

Elongation

.TWghqvY)
2. elongation = crooks
1. iÑabÑo ouqnoontil '

2. ortho nonvenomous ñ mobile

3. RNA & DNA ÑUñw&w armoured 3 bp maims mobile

3. termination _=uqn
A

f- Wienie Terminator mentation:O :ÑowUqn soso.to#ooiw

• Rho -

independent • Rho -

dependent
i%nÑwÑoÑ Rho protein
-
8nÑwÑoÑ Rho -

protein
=

I
ripauseioisrrinonoonmniiwiailoi.LA
ñon% !
signal case
-

2
-

repeat
:O Rich Ñooaniiieo
Inverted
-

Rho iron
; sequence
l
poly A
; againunderwriter
-

Ñ rut site 0¥81 terminator

 Transcription
mRNA
in
Eukaryote * RNA polymerase
YaiahansnÉswYwÑw1ñios
ñosii transcription too ! !
•

coding region = 1
gene =
1 MRNA Factor

Ñ RNA
Enfinger : ñoiou unison position Tai RNA
poly # in
:Iñqn position
◦
Processing → boiw 5- cap
↓ÑN 3 tail
'

→
splicing
◦
Type RNA polymerase •
oiwunisvost-nnencer-mmrnojrin.nuiisinñiñ
OWAIN DNA 6800mn DNA 18W Looping
• Enhancer ÑoÑwuwsÑ9ÑÑo Activator mini . 2MW .

into Activated RNA

poly#

→ Toad → Ñ0bÑ0
m%ii↓
ÑoÑORer
.

• informs initiation complex *

• Hits tincture DNA transcribing'w

◦
Ñ0JMo transcription
"

factor
"

thro guide • inhibit transcribe

transcription factor • Block ! RNA poly I

1. Initiation iris activator
transcription factor
•

TFIIB TFIID
TFIID TFIID
snow ! ! I 1

1. TFIID Miu Mss Promoter

[-35g -30] + I

✓ M7NÑoo%yÑm
TFHA TAFI protein)

↓
-11=1113

↓
TFHF

* I n
-

TFIID / B / FIE / H Because ÑwÑoÑun RNA pot I

RNA Polymerase I Mimi

↓
gÑimÑou stabilise
.

THE

9W Initiation complex =mminÉw transcribe

↓ %
•

;D helicase Activity
ni.org?gjgghn.;qON.grin94uiRNAPdyI
1-1=111-1

kinase
Activity
]→ transcribe
'

Express gene ñ was histone

Histone
no
;
→ Histone modification
me

( mrkuNÉow Histone bÑo9Ñ gene

upon
•
Acetylation →
boiwuwj Acetyl → n°198
gene weather.vn?noonan- transcription
(
Deacetylation boiuai Acetyl
/ "" Y%m%Ñw
•
→ oon
"
"
#
transcription
W,
•
Methylation → win methyl
 → Nucleosome
remodeling

[ unwind AN Histone outfitgene

Unga
remodeling
"
chromatin factor
"
I use

protein

2.
Elongation
◦ After poly I upon initiation complex
◦ FACT →
disassembly sin :
assaembly Histone
d
HZA / HZB
"
"
RNA
Processing
◦

↳ caps ; 7- methyl guanosine H MH-

Nucleotide
Digest
{
'

translation !
• AT 5
Protect involve
•
mooñwuwj Methyl - Tai Nucleotide

prÉtedNAai¥atiÉyNes
[initiation)
•
7-10 new Enzyme
3. Termination

• 82 signal n% AAUAAA I @U -

rich
↑ Annas
•
Endonudeolytid Cleavage ; Position Enzyme cut DNA short !

(
'

RNA
Processing poly A- tail )

↳ msbÑw AAAAAA → At 3 '

Itai 1)

• Gowri mRNAs stability

• Now transports mRNAs on nucleus →
cytoplasm
→ intron Non
coding
splicing
-
→
mRNA
:

Exon
✓ × ✓ ✗ ✓
→
;
coding Region
-

Exon → translation
no www.oin Exon -

Intron

spice ◦ some Protein

Consensus for
splicing snR↓NAs=
•
+

sequences
=

win
• 8 3 M%bUbigÑÑÑN ,
Ut
,
U2 ,
44 V5
, ,
UG

0 @ C Tmi ÑoÑw Loop ! bÑ"oÑn

-
•
from introns
A B C'
 tRNA splicing tRNA, rRNA, rDNA

Alternative splicing

· tRNA +
687 Amino amod Kibosome shows polypeptide
*

sping cease"
·

·
Iaios form wide loop storia introns

rRNA splicing · UAT8 Exon, Intron

-

anwermanor keep 18s Exon!

2

· 25,000 gene -
80000

hdio
~
MRNAS
·
exsplicing Exon -

gene organ ansee!!

of

HscriptRNA SRNA
poly I

ma+mo
· ·

oa+slooptno

avosder Energiee
·

·transcription factor is UBF &SLI

tRNA &5S stami recognize promotor RNA polI

transcription rRNA anbind

I
·
SL-TBP (TATA-binding Protein): I TATABox
*
RNA
poly -> TAF (TBP -

Association factor): bowg TATABox

·
transcription 55-rRNA

Stranscription factor is TFIATFIIC TFIB

↓
218081
*

·transcription tRNA

Itrnscriptionfactoris A TFIB
-
TEHC
-processing 518182
*

& modification
splicing +

L modification;tRNA base a unique

LRNase Pcribozyme);RNAsirens Reaction