QUESTION-1

Two major issues that contribute to green house gas emissions in my area are:
o Burning fuel
o Agriculture

Primary pollutants in burning of fuel includes carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur,
nitrogen dioxide, nitrous oxide, volatile organic compounds, and hydrocarbons.
Urea contains four elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. It is highly soluble
in water ,when it reacts with water it gives carbon dioxide and ammonia, which are
evaporated and it becomes part of atmosphere.

GWP:
Carbon dioxide has GWP as 1 because it is used as reference gas. For any gas it is the
mass of CO2 that would warm up atmosphere as much as the mass of that gas.

Burning fuel in industry contributes 16.8% while agriculture contributes 12.5% to total
greenhouse gas emissions.
62% nitrous oxide and 40% methane emits from agriculture.
Industrial processes contribute 20.6% carbon dioxide and 5.9% nitrous oxide.
GWP of carbon dioxide is 1 ,methane is 25 and nitrous oxide is 300.

STEPS TO REDUCE GHG EMISSION:

Instead of using urea for agricultural purposes manure left on pasture should be used
because a research shows that nitrogen deposited in feces and urine converts to nitrous
oxide at roughly twice the rate of conversion in fertilizers. Nitrogen needs should be
assessed by farmers and applied just in the right amount to crops.
In industrial sector instead of fuel consumption as a source of energy ,solar energy and
energy generated through wind should be used which is more ecofriendly.
QUESTION-2
Two major problems in water quality are:

 Contamination by human and industrial waste

 Hardness of water

As I live in village ,there is no proper disposal of waste and my village is near to Kohat
cement factory due to which calcium and magnesium mixes with water and it is
responsible for hardness of water. These issues can be addressed if there is proper
disposal of waste materials from industry and households.