OBJECTIVE

Provide basic knowledge in the air

conditioning cooling load calculation for
residential, commercial and industrial buildings
WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONING ?

“The Science and Practice of Creating a

Controlled Climate in the Indoor Living or
Working Areas for Comfort of Human Beings or
Animals or for the Proper Performance of Some
Industrial or Scientific Process.”
PURPOSE OF LOAD CALCULATION.
Provide information for equipment selection,
system sizing and system design.
Provide data for evaluation of optimum
possibilities for load reduction.
Permit analysis of partial loads as required for
system design, operation and control.
PRINCIPLE OF COOLING LOADS

Heat Gain Or Loss

Cooling Load Or Heating Load

Heat Extraction Or Heat Addition

HEAT GAIN

Instantaneous rate of heat gain

The rate of which heat enters or generated within a space at a

given instant of time.

The instantaneous heat gain refers to the rate at which heat

enters into and/or is generated within a space while the
actual space cooling load may be seen as the rate at which
heat must be removed to maintain a constant space air
temperature (ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2005). ...
TYPES OF HEAT GAIN

SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN

Sensible Heat Gain – is the energy added to the space by
conduction, convection and/or radiation

LATENT HEAT GAIN

Latent Heat Gain – is the energy added to the space when
moisture is added to the space by means of vapor emitted by
the occupants, generated by a process or through air
infiltration from outside or adjacent areas
WHAT IS SPACE COOLING LOAD ?
Rate of the Heat Removal from the Conditioned Space that
has to be Maintained in Order to Provide the Desired Inside
Condition.
COOLING LOADS CATEGORY
External Loads (Due external Factors)
Internal Loads
Infiltration and Ventilation Loads
STEPS INVOLVE IN A/C LOAD CALCULATION

Data gathering
Selection of indoor & outdoor design conditions
Calculation of heat transfer coefficients
Internal Loads
Calculation of space cooling load
Psychrometric analysis
DESIGN CONDITION

Outdoor Design Condition

Indoor Design Condition
Latitude

Design Month & Design Hour

Daily Range
EXTERNAL COOLING LOAD

Conduction : For Roof, Walls and Glass.

q = U x A x CLTD
WHERE:
SOLAR : GLASS A = NET GLASS AREA
SC = SHADING COEFFICIENT
q = A x SC x SHGF x CLF SHGF = MAX. SOLAR HEAT GAIN FACTOR
CLF = COOLING LOAD FACTOR
 4.2.3 CMU Wall

U - VALUE

11
U 
 R RT
1 1 1
U  
 R RT 3.20
 0.3125W / m  C
2 o 2
ELEMENT CONSTRUCTION RESISTANCE, ft -hr-
F/Btu
1 Outside Surface (15 mph wind) 0.17
2 Cement Plaster, 19mm 0.15
3 CMU, 200mm 1.11
4 Non-Reflective Air Space 0.91
5 Batt Insulation, 50mm 7.08
6 Gypsum Board, 15mm 0.534
7 Inside Surface (still air) 0.68
TOTAL 10.634

2
U-Value = 1 / 10.634 = 0.094 Btu/ ft -hr-F
 CLTD-COOLING LOAD TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE FOR
ROOF, WALLS & GLASS
A: FOR ROOF
CLTDcorr. = (CLTD+LM) x K + (78-Tr) x (Toa - 85) x f
WHERE:
CLTD = Cooling Load Temp. Diff., refer to
ASHRAE GRP=158 Table 3.8.
LM = CLTD correction for Latitude-Month Correction,
Table 3.12.
K = Color Adjustment Factor
Tr = Inside Room temperature
Toa = Average Outside Temperature.
f = Adjustment Factor.
 CLTD-COOLING LOAD TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE FOR
ROOF, WALLS & GLASS
B: FOR WALLS:
CLTDcorr. = (CLTD+LM) x K + (78-Tr) x (Toa - 85)
WHERE:
CLTD = Cooling Load Temp. Diff., refer to
ASHRAE GRP=158 Table 3.10.
LM = CLTD correction for Latitude-Month Correction,
Table 3.12.
K = Color Adjustment Factor
Tr = Inside Room temperature
Toa = Average Outside Temperature.
 INTERNAL LOAD

1. PEOPLE
q = ( qs per person x no. of people ) + ( ql per person x no. of people )

where :

q = Total Heat Gain from

People, Btu/hr)
qs = Sensible heat gain per
people, BTU/Hr.
ql = Latent Heat Gain per
person, BTU/hr.
TABLE 3 OF ASHRAE 1997 FUNDAMENTALS RATE OF HEAT GAIN FOR OCCUPANT
 LIGHTING

QS = 3.41 X W X BF
WHERE:
QS -Sensible cooling load, BTU/hr.
W - Total lamp wattage, watts.
BF - Ballast factor.
EQUIPMENT LOAD

Power equipment

Office equipment

Restaurant equipment

Hospital & laboratory equipment

 Power equipment

qs = ( A or B or C ) x no. of motors.
Office equipment
qs = (A) x no. of equipment
Recommended Rate of Heat Gain from Selected Office Equipment are listed below:

(A) RATE OF HEAT GAIN, Btu/h

APPLIANCES SIZE (Sensible)
Personal Computer 16 - 640 Kbytes 300 - 1800
Plotter - 214
Laser Printer 8 pages/min. 1025
Letter Quality Printer 30 - 45 char/min 1000
Blue Printer - 3930 - 42700
Printer Terminal - 270 - 600
Copier, large 30 - 67 copies/min. 5800 - 22500
Copier, small 6 - 30 copies/min. 1570 - 5800
Microfilm Reader/Printer - 3920
Electric Typewriter - 230
Coffee Maker 10 cups 3580 sens; 1540 latent
Microwave Oven 28 L 1360
Paper Shredder - 680 - 8250
Water Cooler 30 L/h 5970
Note: Other office equipment not listed above, heat gain should then be referred to Table 9A of ASHRAE 1997
Fundamentals, Chapter 28 and/or manufacturers manual.
Restaurant equipment 3.5.1 Recommended Rate of Heat Gain from Restaurant Equipment (without hood) Located in
Conditioned Areas are listed below:

qe = ( qs + ql ) x no. of equipment RATE OF HEAT GAIN, Btu/h

APPLIANCES SIZE SENSIBLE LATENT
Blender, per quart of capacity 1-4 qt. 180 95
Coffee Brewer 12 cups/2 brnrs 3750 1910
Ice Maker, large 220 lb/day 9320 -
Ice Maker, small 110 lb/day 6410 -
3
Refrigerator, large 25-74 ft 665 -
3
Refrigerator, small 6-25 ft 300 -
Toaster, large pop-up 10 slices 9590 8500
Toaster, small pop-up 4 slices 4470 3960
Hot Plate 2 burners 11700 3470

3.5.2 Recommended Rate of Heat Gain from Restaurant Equipment (exhaust hood
required) Located in Air-Conditioned Areas are listed below:

RATE OF HEAT GAIN, Btu/h

APPLIANCES SIZE SENSIBLE LATENT
Fryer, deep fat 35-50 lb. oil 1200 -
Fryer, pressurized 13-33 lb. 59 -
2
Griddle/grill 2.5-4.5 ft 400 -
Hot Plate 2 burners 3410 -
Range 2-10 burners 6590 -

Note: For additional office equipment not listed above, heat gain should then be referred to Table 8 of
ASHRAE 1997 Fundamentals, Chapter 28 and/or manufacturers manual.
VENTILATION LOAD

Ventilation standard is available in the following standard

1. TABLE 5.3 ASHRAE GRP 158

2. ASHRAE FUNDAMENTAL 2009 EDITION

3. ASHRAE 62.1-2007 STANDARD

VENTILATION LOADS

qs = 1.1 x CFMoa x ( toa - trm )

where :
CFM oa = outdoor air
toa = Outdoor Dry Bulb
Temp.
trm = room dry bulb
temp.
VENTILATION LOAD
LATENT LOAD:

ql = 0.7 x CFM oa x ( Woa -Wrm)

Where:
( Woa-Wrm) = Humidity Ratio Difference
between Outdoor Air and indoor air. Use
Psychrometric Chart.
COOLING LOAD SUMMARY SCECO-East Headquarters
P. O. Box 5190 Dammam
ROOM COOLING LOAD
CALCULATION
31422 Saudi Arabia

ROOM NO. _____________ AREA U BASE CORR. HEAT GAIN, Btu/hr

2
ft FACTOR CLTD CLTD SC SHFG CLF SENS. LAT.

ROOF
N - - - -
NE - - - -
E - - - -
EXTERIOR WALLS SE - - - -
AND DOORS S - - - -
SW - - - -
W - - - -
NW - - - -
COND -- -
S N - - - -
NNE / NNW - - - -

EXTERIOR GLASS
O NE / NW - - - -
ENE / WNW - - - -
L E/W - - - -
ESE / WSW - - - -
A SE / SW - - - -
SSE / SSW - - - -
R S - - - -
HORIZ. - - - -
PARTITION/CEILING/FLOOR Delta t = ______ F - -
TOTAL EXTERNAL HEAT GAIN -
LIGHTS INPUT RATING x CLF -
PEOPLE SENSIBLE NO. OF PEOPLE x SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN x CLF -
LATENT NO. OF PEOPLE x LATENT HEAT GAIN -
APPLIANCES SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN x CLF -
LATENT HEAT GAIN -
POWER HEAT GAIN x CLF -
VENTILATION & SENSIBLE 1.10 x CFM oa x ( toa - t rm ) -
INFILTRATION LATENT 0.70 x CFM oa x ( Woa - Wrm ) -
TOTAL ROOM HEAT GAIN
TOTAL ROOM SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN
SUPPLY AIR REQUIRED = = _____________ CFM
1.10 x ( t rm - t sa )

rclc.xls
CONCLUSION

Proper Cooling Load Estimate Requires proper Data Gathering

Proper Judgment & Good Engineering Sense must Guide You

Available Cooling Load Estimate Software is available; but….