CHAPTER 2 – ATOMIC STRUCTURES SK015

SUBTOPIC MAPPING
COGNITIVE
TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES DOMAINS
C1 C2 C3 C4
Atomic 2.1 Bohr’s a) Describe Bohr’s atomic model √
Structure Atomic Model b) Explain the existence of energy levels in an atom √
c) Calculate the energy of an electron using:
-18
, RH = 2.18 x 10 J √

d) Describe the formation of line spectrum of hydrogen

√
atom
e) Illustrate the formation of Lyman, Balmer, Paschen,
√
Brackett and Pfund series
f) Calculate the energy change of an electron during
transition:
-18
, RH = 2.18 x 10 J √

g) Calculate the photon of energy emitted by an electron

that produces a particular wavelength during
transition: √ √
,

h) Perform calculations involving the Rydberg equation:

,
√ √
7 -1
RH = 1.097 x 10 m and n1 < n2

i) Calculate ionisation energy of hydrogen atom from

√
Lyman series
j) State the limitation of Bohr’s atomic model √ √
k) State the dual nature of electron using de Broglie’s
√ √
postulate and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
2.2 Quantum a) Define the term orbital √
Mechanics b) Explain all four quantum numbers of an electron in an
orbital:
i. principal quantum number, n
√ √
ii. angular momentum quantum number, 
iii. magnetic quantum number, m
iv. electron spin quantum number, s.
c) Sketch the 3-D shapes of s, p and d orbitals √ √
2.3 Electronic a) Explain Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and Pauli’s
√ √ √
Configuration Exclusion Principle
b) Predict the electronic configuration of atoms and
√
monoatomic ions using spdf notation
c) Justify the anomalous electronic configurations of
√ √
copper and chromium

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 CHAPTER 2 – ATOMIC STRUCTURES SK015

2.1 BOHR’S ATOMIC MODEL

1 (a) State two of Bohr’s atomic postulates.

(b) State the difference between ground state and excited state.

2 Explain the formation of the line spectrum of hydrogen atom.

3 Differentiate between line spectrum and continuous spectrum.

4 (a) How is the second line of Brackett series produced?

(b) The first line of Balmer series has a wavelength of 656.3 nm. Calculate its
frequency.
Ans: 4.571 x 1014s-1

5 (a) Explain the differences between the spectrum of the Lyman and Balmer series.

(b) Calculate the wavelength (in nm) and frequency of the:

i. Fourth Line In Lyman Series. Ans: λ = 94.95 nm , v = 3.16x1015 s -1
ii. Fifth Line In Balmer Series. Ans: λ = 397.04 nm , v = 7.56x1014 s -1

6 With reference to the table below:

Colour of line spectrum Wavelength, λ /nm

Red 656.3
Green 486.3
Blue 434.2

a) Calculate the energy emitted in the formation of red line and green line.
Ans : ΔE red =3.031x10 -22 kJ ΔE green =4.09x10 -22 kJ

b) (i) Determine the transition of electron that produce the red, blue and green
line.

(ii) Sketch the energy level diagram to show the transition in b (i)

7 The difference in energy between the second and fourth energy levels of a hydrogen
atom is 4.0910-19 J. Calculate the wavelength and frequency of the photon emitted
when an electron makes a transition from the fourth to the second energy level.
Ans: λ=486.3 nm, v = 6.17x1014 s -1

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 CHAPTER 2 – ATOMIC STRUCTURES SK015

8 The hydrogen emission spectrum in visible region is shown in the figure below.

Given that line a is the first line in visible region.

a) Draw the energy level diagram to show the transition of electrons for line a, b c
and d.
b) Name the emission series that produce this series of lines.
c) Calculate the wavelength corresponding to line c. Ans: λ=434nm

9 When an electron makes a transition from a higher energy level to a lower energy
level, a photon with frequency 6.61015 s-1 is emitted. Calculate the
a) Wavelength of the photon. Ans: λ=45.5nm
b) Energy emitted by 1 mole of electrons for the above transition.
Ans: ΔE =2.63x103kJ/mol

10 By using the Lyman series, calculate the ionisation energy of hydrogen atom in kJ
mol-1.
ΔE =1312.36 kJ/mol

11 (a) Give two weaknesses of Bohr’s atomic model.

(b) State de Broglie’s postulate on the dual nature of electron and Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle.

2.2 QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

12 (a) Define orbital.

(b) Describe the principle quantum number, n, the angular momentum quantum
number, l, magnetic quantum number, m, and electron spin quantum number,
s.
(c) Give one set of possible quantum numbers for an electron in 3s, 4p and 3d
orbitals.

13 For each set of the quantum numbers;

set x y z
n 2 3 5
l 0 2 1

(a) State the orbitals.

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 CHAPTER 2 – ATOMIC STRUCTURES SK015

(b) Determine the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each orbital.
14 Which of the following orbitals are allowed?
(a) 2d (b) 7s (c) 3f (d) 4p

15 Which of the following quantum numbers are not allowed? Explain your answer.
(a) (1, 1, 0, +½) (b) (3, 1, -2, +½)
(c) (2, 1, 0, +½) (d) (2, 0, 0, +½)

16 Draw the shape of the following orbitals:

s, px, py, dxz , d x2-y2 and dz2

2.3 ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION

17 (a) State Aufbau’s principle.

(b) Arrange the following orbitals in order of increasing energy.
4dxy, 3dxy, 3dyz, 4pz, 3pz, 3py, 2py, 3s, 2s, 1s, 4s

18 State Hund’s rule and Pauli exclusion principle.

19 Write the electronic configuration for the following atoms/ions using

(a) spdf notation
(b) orbital diagram

i. Na ii. Na+ iii. Cl iv Cl

v. Al vi. Al3+ vii. Cr viii. Cu

(c) Explain the anomalous electronic configuration in chromium and copper.

20 Atom X has 11 electrons.

(a) Write the electronic configuration for X.
(b) Give a set of quantum numbers for the highest energy electron.

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 CHAPTER 2 – ATOMIC STRUCTURES SK015

OBJECTIVE QUESTION

1 Choose the highest energy involved when an electron makes a transition.

A n2 to n1
B n3 to n1
C n4 to n2
D n4 to n3

2 Electron configuration of copper atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1. Determine the
number of electron in copper atom at its ground state if the azimuthal quantum
number, l, is 0.
A 7
B 8
C 10
D 12

3 Calculate the wavelength, λ, for the fourth line in Balmer series.

A 410 nm
B 432 nm
C 486 nm
D 654 nm

4 Which of the following represents an electron in 3p orbital?

A n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = ± ½
B n = 3, l = 0, m = +1, s = + ½
C n = 3, l = 1, m = +1, s = + ½
D n = 3, l = 2, m = +2, s = ± ½

5 Electrons are filled in orbitals according to the following order,

A 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p
B 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3d, 4s, 3p, 4p
C 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 4s, 3p, 3d, 4p
D 1s, 2s, 2p, 3d, 3s, 3p, 4s, 4p

6 Electron configuration of gallium is [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1. The order of electron removal
in the formation of Ga3+ is
First electron Second electron Third electron
A 4p 4s 3d
B 4p 4s 4s
C 4s 4s 4p
D 3d 4s 4s

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 CHAPTER 2 – ATOMIC STRUCTURES SK015

7 Which of the following does not obey Pauli exclusion principle?

1s 2s 2p

8 An atom containing eight electrons in 3d orbital are arranged according to

I Aufbau principle
II Hund’s rule
III Pauli exclusion principle

9 What is/are the possible value(s) of magnetic quantum number of an atomic orbital
having quantum number n = 5 and l = 4?
I +5
II +1, +2, +3, +4
III -4, -3, -2, -1, 0

10 An element Z has an electronic configuration as follows:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p5
Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
I The element is in d-block.
II The element tends to form Z.
III The element is in period 4 of the periodic table.

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