FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE

NDS10203 : FOOD ANALYSIS

(SUNDAY) 11/12/2022
LAB REPORT 1 :
CRUDE FIBRE IN FOOD
STUDENT’S NAME :
1.AINNUR BALQIS BINTI ZOLKIPLI (071871)
2.NUR BATRISYIA BT MOHD NAWI (073718)
3.NUR ALIA ATIFAH BINTI RAMLI (072297)

LECTURER’S NAME :
DR. NORHAYATI BINTI ABD. HADI
INTRODUCTION :

Dietary fiber consists of indigestible parts or compounds of plants that pass relatively
unchanged through the stomach and intestines. As a class of compounds, dietary
fiber is derived from plant carbohydrates, such as oligo- and polysaccharides. It may
be associated with lignin and other non-carbohydrate components such as cellulose,
hemicellulose, pectin substances, gums, starches, and inulin. there is. have a nature.
Dietary fiber consists of plant-derived non-digestible carbohydrates, lignin and other
related substances, animal fibers, and modified or synthetic non-digestible
carbohydrate polymers. The prominent role of fiber is to keep the digestive system
healthy. Other names for fibers include the potentially misleading terms "mass" and
"fiber."

Crude fiber is also a part of carbohydrates, called insoluble carbohydrates,

which digestive juices cannot digest, cannot be broken down by processing when
diluted with acids or bases, and is limited to a specific concentration for some time.
Crude fiber is the loss of oven-drying residue remaining after sequential digestion of
the sample with sulfuric acid and caustic soda under constant conditions. Natural
fiber measurements are misleading, as the percentages obtained have no apparent
relationship to the structural content of the material.

OBJECTIVE :

1) To determine crude fibre which is the organic residue remaining after digesting by
using FibreBags technique.

2) Technically learn the fibreBags method.

SAMPLE :

Cream crackers (salted savoury cream crackers)

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS:

1- Beakers of 100 ml
2- Fibre bag
3- Glass spacer
4- Analytical balance
5- Crucible
6- Dessicator
7- Spatula
8- Muffle Furnace with 600°C
9- Fibretherm (sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide)
10- 250 ml of petroleum ether, boiling range 40 C-60 C
11- Distilled water
 RESULTS :

SAMPLE M1(g) M2(g) M3(g) M4(g) M5(g) M6(g) M7(g)

CREAM
CRACKER 0.252 1.011 57.823 57.568 0.251 57.567 54.041
(a)

CREAM
CRACKER 0.250 1.015 60.162 59.908 59.909
(b)

m1= fibre bag (g)

m2= initial sample weight (g)
m3= incinerating crucible and dried fibre bag after digestion (g)
m4= incinerating crucible and ash (g)
m5= blank value of the empty fibre bag (g)
m6= incinerating crucible (g)
m7= incinerating crucible and ash of the empty fibre bag (g)

CALCULATION :

% crude fibre (a) = [(m3-m1)-(m4-m5)] x 100

m2

=[(57.823 - 0.252) - (57.568 - 0.251)] x 100

1.011
= 25.124%

% crude fibre (b) = [(m3-m1)-(m4-m5)] x 100

m2

= [(60.162 - 0.250) - (59.908 - 0.251)] x 100

1.015
= 25.123%
DISCUSSION :

In this experiment, we used cream crackers as a food sample and divided

them into 2 replicates. Based on the result, the average of cream crackers is
0.251235 g. The percent of crude fiber content for a cream cracker is 25.124% for
replicate 1 and 25.123% for replicate 2.

To divide carbohydrates into digestible and indigestible fractions fiber bags

method was used. The energy content of the feed is low when the crude fiber
content is high because crude fiber is considered indigestible. Sample digested by
H2SO4 to hydrolyze CHO and protein and KOH will saponify fatty acid. The insoluble
residue was collected by filtration and then dried and weighed. Ashing was
conducted, cooled, and considered to correct mineral contamination.

The crude fiber was determined to consist mainly of cellulose and lignin, while
pectin and hemicellulose are solubilized, which cannot be detected. As the sample is
subjected to acid and alkali digestion, the collected residue includes the sample's
ash (mineral matter) and the resistant carbohydrate fraction. The organic matter is
oxidized when the deposition is ignited, leaving the inorganic residue or ash.
Therefore, the difference in residue weight before and after ashing gives the crude
fiber weight.(5)

FibreBag is an innovative filtration method from C. Gerhardt for defining

feedstuff's crude fiber, NDF, ADF, PDF, and ADL fractions. It avoids common
problems in the classic filtration method using frits and filter beds, simplifies the
handling and digestion of the samples, and ensures better and more reliable analysis
results. In the FibreBag method, digestion and filtration are carried out in a large filter
bag made of a high-precision unique textile that standardizes the filtration conditions
so that they are reproducible.(3)

Fibertherm's cleverly thought-out details and practical accessories make it

easier to handle the samples, improve the result and increase the level of safety in
the laboratory. High-quality components and comprehensive safety functions ensure
trouble-free operation and make it possible to run the device without monitoring it.(4)
QUESTIONS:

1. A measurement of fibre content. Also known as Weende cellulose, crude

fibre is the insoluble residue of an acid hydrolysis followed by an alkaline one.
This residue contains true cellulose and insoluble lignin. It is also used to
assess hair, hoof or feather residues in animal by-products. Dietary fibre is not
one specific compound, but a complex group of many compounds found in
plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans and pulses.
Put simply, fibre can be defined as carbohydrates that cannot be fully digested
in our gut.(1)

2. A dried, ground sample is extracted with diethyl ether which dissolves fats,
oils, pigments and other fat soluble substances. The ether is then evaporated
from the fat solution. The resulting residue is weighed and referred to as ether
extract or crude fat.(2)

3. Digestion with a sulfuric acid solution extracts sugar and starch. A second
alkaline digestion using a potassium hydroxide solution removes proteins and
some hemicellulose and lignin. Crude fiber is determined gravimetrically as
the residue remaining after the acid and alkaline digestions.(8)

CONCLUSION:

The experiment was achieved because it was able to determine the crude
fiber content of cream crackers using the acid and alkali digestion method. The
crude fiber content for cream crackers is 25.124% for replicate 1 and 25.123% for
replicate 2. Crude fiber is determined gravimetrically after chemical digestion and
other materials' solubilization. The fiber residue weight is then corrected for ash
content after ignition. In the FibreBag method, digestion and filtration are carried out
in a large filter bag made of a high-precision unique textile that standardizes the
filtration conditions so that they are reproducible.(3)
REFERENCES:

1. Crude fibre | Feedipedia. (n.d.). https://www.feedipedia.org/node/8330

2. Crude Fiber. (n.d.). https://anlab.ucdavis.edu/analysis/FEED/635

3. FibreBag analysis system FIBRETHERM. (n.d.).

https://www.gerhardt.de/en/products/fibrebag-analysis-system-fibretherm/

4. FIBRETHERM® FibreBag Systems. (n.d.). PolyScientific.

https://www.poly.my/product/fibretherm-fibrebag-systems/

5. Yangilar, F. (2013). The application of dietary fibre in food industry: structural

features, effectson health and definition, obtaining and analysis of dietary
fibre: a review. Journal ofFood and Nutrition Research, 1(3), 13-23.
Retrieved fromhttp://article.foodnutritionresearch.com/pdf/JFNR-1-3-1.pdf

6. D. O. Holst, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. (Vol. 65, No. 2, 1982), pp. 265-269

7. Official Methods of Analysis, Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem., 1984 Supplement,

Secs. 7.066-7.069, pp. 160-161

8. Just a moment. . . (n.d.).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ashing
APPENDICES :
Sample that being grinding and weight

The sample immersed in petroleum ether

Sample put into the fibretherm