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Genetic Engineering: Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification or gene editing, refers to
the manipulation of an organism's genetic material (DNA) to introduce desired traits or modify existing
ones. It involves altering specific genes or introducing new genes into an organism's genome to achieve
specific purposes.

Key aspects of genetic engineering include:

Gene Modification: Genetic engineering techniques enable scientists to modify specific genes within an
organism's DNA. This can involve inserting, deleting, or modifying specific DNA sequences to alter the
expression of certain traits.

Biotechnology Applications: Genetic engineering has numerous applications in biotechnology. It is used

in the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) with desired traits, such as crops with
improved yield, nutritional content, or resistance to pests and diseases. It is also used in the
development of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, and other bio-based products.

Gene Therapy: Gene therapy involves introducing functional genes into cells to treat or prevent genetic
disorders. It has the potential to provide novel treatments for a wide range of diseases, including
inherited disorders, cancers, and certain viral infections.

Ethical Considerations: The field of genetic engineering raises various ethical considerations. These
include questions about the potential risks and unintended consequences of manipulating genetic
material, concerns about genetic discrimination, and the impact on biodiversity and ecosystems.

Regulatory Frameworks: Governments and international organizations have developed regulatory

frameworks to oversee the ethical, safety, and environmental implications of genetic engineering. These
frameworks aim to balance the potential benefits of genetic engineering with potential risks and ensure
responsible and transparent use of these technologies.

Genetic engineering holds great promise in areas such as agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.
However, ongoing research, ethical discussions, and careful regulation are crucial to ensure its safe and
responsible application.