Depantment o?

E , TMsL

Name, ArkoiiF Chakrabcrr ty

Univeasihy Roll 1306G 201W
Semesn. Gth

Pope NCme Digilel Signal rocessing

open Code: OE-EE-6o1A

AONKOUeemgssisnaearakis
a) W eport On COmowRon osiamaln C eirubn
Ona i n e a n convewho»)

b ) h e impulne epow)e e dserk me sysem

Seawance
aiven by 2,1,4S . LH e
hM) :
Inpu
in (m) 5,\1, 63.Amd e opur Seowenee

ComowHon metha
sim phicol

c'mculan Convow Hon o he

S e o w e n ce2

c And tthe
x(n)=i,2,3,}
andhm): ,2> 2

odeehom Conwolution
h e mothemolio

tuwO ignosy Fo
twcy o combimir
Comowhom
in uned im
em hira siana
a o sigmol Procemma
to shody and dea
Sun ap digitol
inear time i r a u a n sy semy
t w o ypes- Unea
and
Convowhon in o hol dincss
Le. we-
Fellowim P
c i n c u l c . I m the

oboul it

DTheon
CDnvowhon
Linean Cowow ion Lmea
Mea by h i c One may
and imput ot CL L'TL
relale the outpu
aiven the Syetem'o impuloe epOm) e
Sy semn and 2 Cn).
ne Sima X,Cn)
hane Comwowhon o thene we Siamal
Tke meo
i l l be aiven
3(m)
(m) X)X, (HK)

imcula Conwowhon Circulon conow Hon in C

MeaNy by which he
USim otodion
CLle COmowko
S ewence

Matiemoicoly
n ) X,|(m.m), nad
N

X()
 and
shene, 2 m m), med ) , i n
o (ra) o v
C'imculanl hiled VeT»\Y

he Umben imdice
TEpTen enhS
e
EoLeYLCE

b) ivem X(n) 3,5,1, 63

hm) 2,43

we nowE, 3

N- N , N - \ :3 t - 1 - 6

NOW we now

y) xn) hn)

2 x k ) h(n- k)

s0, yn) 7x(k)h (n-k)

h)

2
NOu, Py reph co ne odl, we e

13

33

4enle)
Hente, yn) 6,13, 19, 33, 1o, 24
33

24

YCn)
13

O 2
Juve )
n) \,2,3,
h(m) L1,2,2

nowee N 4
we

Now, we ow H
N- I modN

n)
) x x (m) h

Hene ( n ) h [(m-n),
med v
y) when
O
mn , 1 , 2 3

i)= 2
nI)

h(2
3 2

(3): I h(3) 2

M OD 12
} x) ) , mod 4
(o)

h ()»2

hlo)
h() yo)

hC)=
 ()h|(n) , mod 4 I
2

h(2)2

Z an) h-n),mod 4 :

n20

2 h()=

h (o) h (n)
=2
(2) 2

h(3) 2

Pov, M
io
(3-n), mod 4
=

z) h
y(3) 2

2
h(2)2

h() 3 2
(n) h 2

no)

************
enuC) romm Cpe Ve

y(n) 12,, , 1o
(A)

obeve Parut we hove

Concwsion h e
Cowowhon
dincuSsed abou
hawe din cussed bout
we
Sigmal convolukonn
e nea On

Pe e} signol their mathemaiL

wnt
cncular alona hove olso Solvespreble

We an
eXpreriomo S e a e n e e

* impu
ven
o bet We kore SovesP

Impobee me thod
whene
raphicol
Ome si{ 6,13,1,3310,24
ence i )
Re one Usina otaion

ond Re Secone

Seowence

whene- Re outpu
mett

) = 12,11,1,1o3.
 Dionee
R: a)Wue a
por r p r e oper hes o
Dinek ne rie
tour ier u k m xplai

DFT x(k) f1,2,3,43

b)RnJ Re weU)

CILedoeie gte no Pror

eaN eny-dD aUn-
TR toen
mpor F e .
1
dincree Hme ma
ime dmoin
Por t e
C veTUa1Om o reowen dernoAr
U Ne d e o w i v c e n t -
c
epwence
to FoUr e L trCmtrETY
DioCre le
OTFT).
treus Varm
e p r e p e u t e h o n

Diocrebe- hme Fovrie

CDET nd

he o dincrele
ourie tramVerr m CDF T)
Tke eyen
CempuFey e volwe
e
SeoweNCe
Spaced
ke prOpeie ofDFr one,

OPeriodiiy: e(n) x(m N)

e 6enenc e e be,
Ln Cose. o DFT, lc
OFT x(k)
n) N

x lktN) x (k)on all velwen on&k

Limeo r opehy
Cova1de
Seaw ence,
USs
z (n)D X, ( K)
n)DFI

tbr2(m) D a X(K) + b X, (K)

0 ax (n)
erusons and F
whee, a,b e CLbitrar y c
oUD wn law o Supen pos l i n
 Sut hng Preperohy. e vs C ide
pm) kondam
peioic eoUEn E
whch io mothemoiolly
enra period 'N'
ven
2 z(n- N)
Xn)
SeoNenee
shls
ow, i he obove
eo becomes
viqt Side e
On the
2 a (m-
k - N)
XP (n-k)
Seowence D ve
Te ire durahor
n) *oCn) Om N-
by
Comiden

Revevod vs
e n)
eowence

DFT X(k)
SeoUence
e v e r o op
Tme OFT X (-k, modNN)
= N-n)_N F o iX
( - n , modN)
n
(N-K)

vs cowmden
Complex Conjvgae hopeey
C Seavenee Xmh).

DET
m) X(K)

DF T
(-k, mvd N) X*(N-Kk)
m) x'
COnde)

Cmevlc Cowoluion: le us
X(n)
Sseonenee) m) *

z,(n) X, (K)
)DET x, (K)
DFT
N
 The Crcwlasu C owhom mokemai codsly
v e n ay,
N- 2 (m-m)modN)
X, (m)

modnN)
3(n) * m ) , n- m

lueval 'n LAenith ot DFT

DFT
N

DEL (K)
N

xtk xtK) Y(K)

m
2 ) J(n) 20
no

, Cn)= n)
N- Ix(K.31
2

romkertm
D i n c r e e Hme eurier

T in petormeder imamae Sewence

Matkemei all
DTET in ve
xleiu) G n ) edun

Seowence, O , , 2, .
whene, xm) in e
Similaly, e DTFT doey mo exin Por eve
seowence. .he exio teune o DTFT Can be
Cpeiodic
delemned i he
lellowia Condiiov iD sakoked,
 Given )i,2,3,43
we h e w, TOFT,
N-
e2^jmk/N
a(n) = 2 z (k)
KO

rom tRe problem we hawe, N 4&K,,2,3

Now

or, n20,

Co) x(K) e (1+24

4 3t4)
k20

Fo,

kO

)
+ +(2-2) +(3-)(e
1 + 2 ) + 36)+ ( ) e t can T
jSim

-2-2i) -- j
Por 2 ,

e ) +(2. ") +(3 e)+ (.

+2.-) t 3 ) + 4-1)7
-2)
2
-V
XCK)
K 32
k 20
 3) (1.) (. (3

42 () 3 ) + 4G)
(-22i)

ene we

Ar)
incvss e
D Conelusion. hore-
Abovee e
Furieu Tansorn
abou Dioee

D i n u e k Hmme t o r i e n rom era. e

Cnd on
e PTopeien DFT
oinuuned- abou
m o t h e m a i o
exprenio
enaimed e
DTFT. Abo, we howe- Coved Preblem
ven e ourier Seawenie, USim ere

o r i e rcuBorm IDFT koe

Diocree

o Re aDwe

On e PropeHey o DiFT
4. ) Jnue c
epor
A e tourie tpanterm o Re ndien qive

below xm) Sim )m>o

Ieodwciom ranstrm
ime tourier
-

he Dincrele
Perr t e eprenentaton c
C DTET
tool
in reovency domaim
din crele hme.
ininie Seowen e TH io makermaic
Petorme e
ally eapre med
a)-
X(e) 5 X (n))e u r

whene, x(m) i tte Senwenie ans m - O, I, 2,

 DTET aJe
hee The Properies

ComUai d e r wo S e o w e n Ey
OLmeau, e vs
ven a

x(] X,(e)
] x,()

o
c Seorwence

Peiodichy: The DTFT

e n D,

F n)] x ( e ) , io peniodic im
a i n y i m h e ¥olairg
wiRin a peiod of AR

Condihon X(eu) : iwt27)

ondamento peniod
wheruE) 2 in e

eideu
ime shtwa Propery VS C

X) ven O,
Seowenie
Peruri roserm.
(cu)

i n shiled by k wk
n e x( )
Vrevenay sh H PropeutyAe vs conidden
Seowence a(n)i
x()
) S x(eiuwN

e m e revey propeaty Ke vS conmden a

SeoUence
xn).
: X(u)
Her c ] X ( e )
12
Dinerhaiom in Preowenty us c o d e
Sew ence am),

cCn)] X()
(m)] j Xe)

cOmdern
'mHme domoin e vs
V Conwolw hon Seowence, whene

DTFT
( ] x,(e)
] X2 (e)
2 Cm)

)z2n] X, (esu) X, (ciu)

Conide- wo seowen
eorem e Us
Correlaion
] X()

e Cerrelahon in iven aD
e
(") =
X, ( ) X, ( e )
X
Symmericoprope DTET a Complenion
iven O

le") :
Xe (e)+ XJ (e)
For even
Sy mne Y XACe) =
XR(eiw)

Fos
Foe Odd S y m e k y , X ( e )
Xz (e)»)
Cuider o seowence
Pausev al ' Tderily

xleu) Jw
2

13
 Given) an) : Sin

iin
e
we. i l l oppy DTET o
x(e) zm)e

x()= in )e
jn /2
) Sinwz
w w|

m2
2) 2)
- jn(w + )
-jn (w-)
e
2-
2 20

wNS
_1-- 7

- w)

2 - e e

e
-

N e2
-9 2

2J
- w

2
Ju 9in Y2
e
2je Co W, + e
-ju
Sin- I sCos o|
2jw
x(
(A
4
 JConcw sion dincweg ed
Above e
e p rrnnon
mot m o
abovl tia
u e r tro
ol Dinrebe
Cnd Propehe Prob\emu
OTET. ie ove oso

.e

DTET. he oblei ned 4 e

2 j u s 5

TeporE On tRe Realisakon o

5. a) Waule o hor
dih inea 3ysem
he
the paule realizahon o
b Deamine
undhon we belouo,
bel
to cuns
3 (2 +52t4)
H (z) =

z t 1) 2+2)

Tealizaim
7 ntoedvehon In Sy6temn heor
me oW
ipermenteion o eaYe
io
behowier, Any digio eysem #ial
impou'po raiono
and coSo
imvauant,
ineo ,
HMe- we ase
Po
In ke ¥olovwimns
Pealized.
e o i sHon Cnee
dinwsS obout

Syste
he ery' mo s COmmo m e tLodD
Te
digik near System d i n
T e a i zoion
1ten ne Direc or m-I
digilol ans Palalle
arm
M I , Cos coade
m reaisati on

Form-I Ke trann unchen H(Z) o}

Dire c TIR 3ysem in divides into
HRe
i n Caycade, w i R h e . it
wo
w o paats
paats conneces.
2eneos anS Ae Secame paF
H(2) contaimin
or e pole, H(2) : H,(2) H, (2)
H 2 ) , Corumo

15
 whene) H. ( Z) Z b k2

H (2)

Can be
ene- M
WC2)
H,2) 2 x(2) k O

r m Hme oim, bm n-M)

+b X(n 1)
w J: bo a(vn)
Y (2)
and 1H2 (2) w(z)
2 a2k

danoin,
me
e w a i a m ler N,2),k,2)
two
caboye
Rcali zr e I
Shrvcture

Direc Ferm
e oblain

bo

o2
b2

bM N

-aN
bM

A-2eYO Sysem AlHpole syslem

 Tiret-Form ,
Dired tornn- n cone o
all pole S y s e m
he
he
imenchana e& e

ere syslem
v(z)
H,(2) X(2)
GNVm-
C Hme domain
a2v(n-2)-
v(n-1)
-

v()2 I(a)
-

O
M
2 b 7k
nd) u,z) v(2) 20

m e demoim,
+
+bm V(n- M)
4bvn- 1)
YCm)= bo vCn)
srucre in henee
hence

he Direc o m -I

E b

O2

bN
-On-t

ON DN

Concode. Form Le us cowaido an IIR sysem

an H(z) : HiZ) H2(7).... H a)

T o can be reprenenle dan

H(2

Hene, we realine eadh Hk2) im direc Vor m I nd coyco&e teem

 beo 4 bZ\ bk Z'1
whee, (z) 2
4C Z\ 7
Z2
mo bm Z 4 bm7
, (2) 2

Reaizàm H H2(2)
)

Ponallel m Prailel orm realizoion o an 5S

em COn be.
oblainesby p a i o expanan o t
H2) = C4+ Ce

H() ...4-HN2

Y(2)2 c X)+ H, (2) XE) AH,E)X29+. H2) X(2)

Thenetore,

He
18
 H) 3(27 +5z4)
BGuven)
(az*) (z4 2)
(2z2 +52t4)
3(2z2457tL)
.ke H2)
Fa) z (2z+1) (24 2) z(z ) (z+2)

A 2) 222 +5z+) 242

z z ) (242)

Hente) A (2 (o+ 5.o)

(+) (o +2)
Sila, ( ) 5t4)+)

(2(-2+ 5.(-2)+4)
C
-2 (-24 )

50 Pe) t z2

+ 27-
H) G 4z)

Hene ,(2)2 H 2) H2 1+ 22-1

So, e e

6
- 4

- 2

-
Concwsion dincvssed obou
A bove, hove
e
digitel ysemy o d t e . rmos
Me t d e a i ahon
Ommon
digite i e n ehowe
inean Syseem Usm
explained e diree Fo 1 ] , Concode
orna wtt
Teaizaiow
Cund p a s a l l e l
clso dore
theirbleck dicqramy. We howe
e a i eionn er te POrsen
L a l l e l

3 2 2 +5Zt4)
nhon
C2z4DCz+2)

Tepor On the daPene propelie o z

tanskrm.

Hind Re ztoonster e en iven below

) - a " Cas don

x Cn) um)

Powenkl
Ttredwehon Ihe Z-ronsPorm in
Mathemoticol toel esr naly si s oF
inthe reoweney domaim
d i n e r e e - imee sy sem)
LTI dincree- Hme i
z-ronsorm
The
d i n e an X Cz) = 2 2on)

in C Compex veUible
hene, 2
In tpe ¥ollovi P a n w e shauk bx

prepeie oF Z-tpannorm.
dincussima the

heeTy Cenmsiden oO Seawence )

OLineaniy, e vs

) 2 T X,(a)
am)Z4 X, (z)
obitan y constan
be wo
kt, aj ,a2

26
 in)+O2 2 (n) O X,(2) + aX7)

lime- uo e vs cowider c imo

ROC Lie beweer
whonee
n) X(E)
ROC
<Iz1
a(-n) T x (z-1)
1 Time-shiltHma: e vs Comaide e
simad a(n),
n ) l y x()

ken (n-K) z - k x(z)

ill be
same x(z)
ROC eP 2X()
zo
excep, O I , K>O ,

T , k<0,
Scalung kel us Cowiden a n c i on zm),

ROC

a x(n) z(a-Z)

Rol 10
Cowiden wo
Cnvow hon: Ae us SewenceD

2 (m-k) X2k)

n)Z
Z1, x(2)

x() X,(z) X2(e)

21
 OCauw So
T n i e d Voue KearerT x( ) i row
ysem
i hclvolwe
er m in X(:) , i4-
bu e
X()
m (n)
xo)
Ae vs Conaióen
heorem
MI H n a Vawe eavence (n) whon ee
imade
ey
i XZ) and e pole
2ransorw

+ke m i cincle
4e
eonUence 9ven CS,
valve
ito anad
n, 7-)
Xm x ( ) (-
lim z(n) =
(o)

v) Mulhplicahon ropenh
-2
] : -z _X(E)
man)
Damyi Rule seoling
xCn)] : x ( ) byproperdj
We kow,
Lan
x(z): x(n) 7. o )
n2O

- az-

vs coridr
Let- shltinProperd Simal z(n)

Cn)
T x(z)
xmtk) Z 1 z
x(2)

22
 Cven, n) =
a Coy Won

to Scalira Propeuh
Acc ordno

a x)] x (az) «(a)

Subshlina
z a " C, On

zCa
z (7-Cay wo)

- Cas o )

2 Castudo 1

(7- aCos we)

2azCostw,ta

z ( 7 - aCawo)
ta
20ZCay t o

ente) z(7- acostdo

a Condan

i) Given, um)
w e knew , z[u T
mwliplicaive
Propety,
occcrelinay
u]- -z ) (1)

23
Theneorre

- d
z y
(2-1)
2-1
((z-1))

- (z41) (-1)
(z-1

z(z)
(A)
(z-1)3

howe dincu s seS

Comcwsiam Abo ve, Wwe
methe moico9
abou+ ARe
Cnd he propenien

expr e dinwss ed-

abo
-oo erm.
We ove-
have
wo proble
PTob-em
hein
iei applicoion odvima
by Sslvimg
solves
The ivo pnoblem
and Re Secod

X(z) =
Z(7-C Caswo)
4a z (z+1)
7 202 Cos o
Solved orX(2): 1)3
problem
a"ostuon and X(n)2 mzuln)
e xm) :

iven,

enpecively

24