AIR:

Air is the gaseous envelop which surround the earth.

It plays an important role in smooth running of the ecosystem. Air is the mixture N 2, O2, CO2 and
vapours only. Nitrogen is an essential constituent of protein. Oxygen is vital for respiration of all
living organisms where as is the main requirement of photosynthesis is produce primary product i.e.
carbohydrates.

Humidity is the quantity of H2O vapours in the air controls the rate of evaporation of H2O and
transpiration in plants. The composition of air and its velocity control other abiotic factors of
environment which indirectly effect the plant and animal life as well as the ecosystem as whole.

SOIL:
The upper layer of the earth crust consists of particles of varying size and decomposed
organic material by microorganism called soil. The decomposed dead animals and plants called
humus. Humus enriches the soil and increases its water and air holding capacity. Plants are anchored
in soil and depend on it for their growth by absorbing water and in organic substances. The type of
soil and its fertility determines the flora hence fauna of an ecosystem.