Zmrvhjm
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Kbiuba
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(Z/I =2>>22<<2‚=2>>4>888)   f
   I
(Z/I =2>=22<<2‚=2>=4>888)   -
  -
@HC@ EAFS (Z/I =2>522<<2‚=2>54>888)   y
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MR]H\\MN SH^@
DFDJB^ HI^MTAFJG
JFI^TFA ZXZ^MK (DHJZ^K) 534>388 (3-2<) \rhitmn hi ].Z.B.   © Dfdjbt Jfkpbiy 4<2<
2 fe =<5
 

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4 fe =<5
 

KBHI^MIBIJM ZBEM^X
Histrujthfis brm imjmssbry dmefrm fpmrbthic fr smrvhjhic kbj`him. Tmbn bin
uinmrstbin t`m Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba, Fpmrbtfr‘s @bindffg bin
SBTIHIC shcis (nmjbas) fi kbj`him. Efaafw wbrihics bin histrujthfis hi t`m kbiubas
w`mi kbghic rmpbhrs, bnoustkmits fr smrvhjhic. J`mjg efr jfrrmjt euijthfi betmr
bnoustkmits, rmpbhrs fr smrvhjm. ]itrbhimn fpmrbtfrs bin ebhaurm tf efaafw
histrujthfis jbi jbusm hioury fr nmbt`. S-4<<:-<0<3

Zbemty Bamrt Zykdfa? ^`hs sykdfa wht` b wbrihic stbtmkmit, kmbis? ‑Sbrihic,
‑Sbrihic, dm bamrt! Xfur sbemty hs
  hivfavmn!‛ Jbrmeuaay rmbn t`m kmssbcm t`bt efaafws.

JFTTMJ^ JFTTMJ^ JFTTMJ^

\-8<425 D-24:5= D-3>58

Imvmr smrvhjm t`m Dfdjbt Zghn- ]sm t`m jfrrmjt prfjmnurm tf ahet fr Jambihic bin kbhitmibijm brm
Ztmmr Afbnmr wht`fut histrujthfis. afwmr fpmrbtfr jbd. rmquhrmn nbhay.

STFIC STFIC STFIC

  m
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D-22388 D-2=4:2 D-2=40<   f
   e
   t
@bvm cffn vmithabthfi w`mi Nhsjfiimjthic fr affsmihic biy Imvmr wfrg fi afbnmr wht` ahet   f
wmanhic fr crhinhic pbhitmn `ynrbuahj tudmahim, `fsm, ehtthic, brks up uiamss ahet brks brm `man    I
pbrts. jfkpfimit fr b pbrt ebhaurm jbi dy bi bpprfvmn ahet brk suppfrt   -
  -
Smbr nust kbsg w`mi crhinhic jbusm ahet brks tf nrfp. Nf ift cf nmvhjm. Tmpabjm he nbkbcmn.   y
pbhitmn pbrts. ^fxhj nust bin cbs uinmr ahet brks w`mi rbhsmn Imvmr kfnhey mquhpkmit fr bnn   p
jbi dm prfnujmn. uiamss suppfrtmn dy bi bttbj`kmits ift bpprfvmn dy   f
Bvfhn mx`bust eukm ambgs w`hj` bpprfvmn ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm. Dfdjbt Jfkpbiy.    J
jbi ghaa wht`fut wbrihic. Mx`bust Tmpabjm ht he nbkbcmn.   r
  m
   a
systmk kust dm thc`tay smbamn.   b
  m
STFIC STFIC STFIC    N

D-5=8< D-5=0< D-5=08

Ztfp, jffa bin jambi michim fe Gmmp dfny, omwmary bin jaft`hic Ambn-bjhn dbttmrhms prfnujm
eabkkbdam kbtmrhbas dmefrm bwby erfk kfvhic pbrts, eabkkbdam bin mxpafshvm cbsms.
j`mjghic eauhns. mamjtrhjba jfitbjt, `ft pbrts bin Gmmp brjs, spbrgs, eabkms bin
Imvmr smrvhjm fr bnoust afbnmr mx`bust. ahc`tmn tfdbjjf bwby erfk
wht` t`m michim ruiihic uiamss Smbr mym prftmjthfi tf cubrn dbttmrhms.
histrujtmn tf nf sf hi t`m erfk dbttmry bjhn, jfkprmssmn Dbttmrhms jfitbhi bjhn w`hj`
kbiuba. sprhics, eauhns uinmr prmssurm duris myms fr sghi fi jfitbjt.
Bvfhn jfitbjt wht` ambghic bin eayhic nmdrhs w`mi michims Smbr prftmjthvm jaft`hic. He bjhn
`ynrbuahj eauhn fr nhmsma euma brm ruiihic fr tffas brm usmn. jfitbjts dfny, eaus` wmaa wht`
uinmr prmssurm. Ht jbi pmimtrbtm ]sm mym prftmjthfi bpprfvmn efr wbtmr. Efr mym jfitbjt eaus` wmaa
t`m sghi fr myms. typm fe wmanhic. bin cmt hkkmnhbtm kmnhjba
Imvmr ehaa euma tbig wht` michim Gmmp rmbr nffr jafsmn mxjmpt efr bttmithfi.
ruiihic, w`ham skfghic fr w`mi smrvhjm. Jafsm bin abtj` nffr
imbr fpmi eabkm. dmefrm fpmrbthic t`m afbnmr.
Kbhitmibijm prfjmnurms w`hj` brm chvmi hi t`m Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba jbi dm pmrefrkmn dy t`m fwimr/ 
fpmrbtfr wht`fut biy spmjhehj tmj`ihjba trbhihic. Kbhitmibijm prfjmnurms w`hj` brm ift  hi t`m Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm
ift hi
Kbiuba kust dm pmrefrkmn FIAX DX R]BAHEHMN DFDJB^ ZMTUHJM \MTZFIIMA. Bawbys usm cmiuhim Dfdjbt
pbrts. ^`m Zmrvhjm Zbemty ^rbhihic Jfursm hs bvbhabdam erfk yfur Dfdjbt nmbamr.
rmpabjmkmit pbrts. ^`m
KZS<2-<><8

: fe =<5
 

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> fe =<5
 

JFI^MI^Z
\TMUMI^HUM
KBHI^MIBIJM
EFTMSFTN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . hh
ZBEM^X HIZ^T]J^HFIZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
ZMTHBA I]KDMT AFJB^HFIZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vhh
NMAHUMTX TM\FT^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vhh
DFDJB^ AFBNMT HNMI^HEHJB^HFI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vhhh @XNTB]AHJ
\TMUMI^HUM KBHI^MIBIJM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2 ZXZ^MK
@XNTB]AHJ ZXZ^MK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚2
@XNTFZ^B^HJ ZXZ^MK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :‚2
NTHUM ZXZ^MK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . >‚2
K
MABMHI
J^ET
THB
JKBM
A Z.X.Z. ^
. .M.K
. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. =
5‚‚2
2 @XNTFZ^B^HJ
ZXZ^MK
MICHIM ZMTUHJM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3‚2
ZXZ^MKZ BIBAXZHZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0‚2
Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8‚2
NTHUM
ZXZ^MK

JBAHEFTIHB
\TF\FZH^HFI 5= SBTIHIC
Nhmsma michim mx`bust bin sfkm fe hts KBHI
jfisthtumits brm gifwi tf t`m Ztbtm fe Jbahefrihb ETBKM
tf jbusm jbijmr, dhrt` nmemjts bin ft`mr   m
   a
rmprfnujthvm `brk.   b
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MAMJ^THJBA    e
  f
ZXZ^MK    t
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  -
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MICHIM    J
ZMTUHJM   r
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   a
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   N

ZXZ^MKZ
BIBAXZHZ

Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

= fe =<5 h Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Nmj. 85
 

EFTMSFTN 
^`hs kbiuba hs efr t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr kmj`bihj. Ht prfvhnms imjmssbry smrvhjhic bin bnoustkmit
prfjmnurms efr t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr bin hts jfkpfimit pbrts bin systmks. Tmemr tf t`m Fpmrbthfi &
Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba efr fpmrbthic histrujthfis, stbrthic prfjmnurm, nbhay j`mjgs, mtj.

B cmimrba hispmjthfi fe t`m efaafwhic htmks kust dm kbnm betmr t`m afbnmr `bs `bn smrvhjm fr rmpbhr?

2. J`mjg
J`mjg t`t`bt
bt t`
t`m
m TF
TF\Z
\Z/E
/EF\
F\ZZ   8. ^`m pbrgh
pbrghic
ic drbgm kust
(Hijaunhic shnmsjrmmis) hs hi euijthfi jfrrmjtay
jfrrmjtay..
cffn jfinhthfi bin hs ift
kfnhehmn.

4. J`mjg
J`mjg t`
t`bt
bt TF
TF\Z\Z kf
kfui
uith
thic
ic 2<. Mijafsu
Mijafsurm
rm nffr abtj`ms
abtj`ms kust
`brnwbrm hs thc`tmimn bin hs fpmi bin jafsm ermmay.
Dfdjbt bpprfvmn.

:. ^`m
^`m smbt
smbt dmat
dmat ku
kust
st dm
dm jfrr
jfrrmj
mjta
tay
y 22. Dfd‚^bj`
Dfd‚^bj` wmncms bin
histbaamn, euijthfiba bin hi ahigbcms kust euijthfi   m
   a
cffn jfinhthfi. jfrrmjtay bin dm hi cffn   b
  s
jfinhthfi.   m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
>. ^`m
^`m smbt
smbt db
dbrr bin
bin pm pmnb
nbaa 24. Zbemt
Zbemty
y trmbns
trmbns kust hi
hi cffn   f
hitmrafjgs kust dm jfrrmjtay jfinhthfi.    I
  -
bnoustmn, jambi bin audrhjbtmn.   -
  y
  p
  f
   J
  r
  m
   a
=. J`mjg
J`mjg ahe
ahett brk
brk suppf
suppfrt
rt nmv
nmvhj
hjm,
m, 2:. J`mjg efr jfrrmjt
jfrrmjt euijthf
euijthfi
i fe   b
  m
rmpabjm he nbkbcmn. hinhjbtfr abkps (Fpthfiba fi    N
sfkm kfnmas).

5. Kbj`
Kbj`hi
himm shcis
shcis ku
kust
st dm
dm amch
amchda
dam
m SBTIHIC 2>. J`mjg `ynrbuahj
`ynrbuahj eauhn
eauhn amvma,
amvma,
bin hi t`m jfrrmjt afjbthfi. michim fha amvma bin
b in euma suppay.
suppay.

3. Ztmm
Ztmmrh
rhic
ic amvm
amvmrs
rs bin
bin eff
efftt pmnba
pmnbas
s 2=. Hispmjt efr euma,
euma, fha fr `ynrbuahj
`ynrbuahj
kust rmturi tf imutrba. eauhn ambgs.

0. J`mjg
J`mjg efr
efr jfrrmj
jfrrmjtt euijth
euijthfi
fi fe 25. Audrhj
Audrhjbtm
btm t`m afbnmr
afbnmr.
t`m wfrg ahc`ts.

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

5 fe =<5 hh Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Kbr. 88
 

23. J`mjg t`t`m

m jfinhthfi
jfinhthfi fe t`m
t`m
dbttmry bin jbdams.

20. Hispmj
Hispmjtt t`m bhr jambimr efr
nbkbcm fr ambgs. J`mjg t`m
jfinhthfi fe t`m mamkmit.

28. J`mjg t`m mamjtr

mamjtrhjba
hjba j`brch
j`brchic
ic
systmk.

4<. J`mjg thrms

thrms efr wmbr bin
bin
prmssurm.

  m
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42. Hispmj
Hispmjtt jfiimjthfis.
pbrts fr efr affsm
affsm fr drfgmi
drfgmi    T
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44. Fpmrb
Fpmrbtmtm t`m afbnmr
afbnmr bin j`mjg
j`mjg   f
baa euijthfis.    J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N

4:. J`mjg efr biy ehman

ehman
kfnhehjbthfi ift jfkpamtmn.

4>. J`mjg efr jfrrmj

jfrrmjtt euijth
euijthfi
fi fe
t`m Dfdjbt Hitmrafjg Jfitrfa
Zystmk (DHJZℤ) dmefrm t`m
kbj`him hs rmturimn tf t`m
justfkmr.

Tmjfkkmin tf t`m fwimr t`bt baa

imjmssbry jfrrmjthfis dm kbnm
dmefrm t`m kbj`him hs rmturimn tf
smrvhjm.

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

3 fe =<5 hhh Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Kbr. 88
 

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   N

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

0 fe =<5 hv Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

ZBEM^X HIZ^T]J^HFIZ

Histrujthfis brm imjmssbry dmefrm fpmrbthic fr smrvhjhic kbj`him. Tmbn bin uinmrstbin t`m Fpmrbthfi &
Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba, @bindffg bin shcis (nmjbas) fi kbj`him. Efaafw wbrihics bin histrujthfis hi t`m
kbiubas w`mi kbghic rmpbhrs, bnoustkmits fr smrvhjhic. J`mjg efr jfrrmjt euijthfi betmr bnoustkmits,
rmpbhrs fr smrvhjm. Ebhaurm tf efaafw histrujthfis jbi jbusm hioury fr nmbt`.
S‚4<<:‚2480

^`m efaafwhic pudahjbthfis prfvhnm hiefrkbthfi fi t`m sbem usm bin kbhitmibijm fe t`m afbnmr bin bttbj`kmits?

• ^`m Nmahvmry Tmpfrt hs usmn tf bssurm t`bt jfkpamtm histrujthfis `bvm dmmi chvmi tf t`m imw fwimr bin t`bt t`m kbj`him
hs hi sbem fpmrbthic jfinhthfi.

• ^`m Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba nmahvmrmn wht` t`m afbnmr chvms fpmrbthic hiefrkbthfi bs wmaa bs rfuthim
kbhitmibijm bin smrvhjm prfjmnurms. Ht hs b pbrt fe t`m afbnmr bin kust stby wht` t`m kbj`him w`mi ht hs sfan. Tmpabjmkmit
Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm Kbiubas jbi dm frnmrmn erfk yfur Dfdjbt afbnmr nmbamr.

• ^`m afbnmr `bs kbj`him shcis (nmjbas) w`hj` histrujt fi t`m sbem fpmrbthfi bin jbrm. ^`m shcis bin t`mhr afjbthfis brm
s`fwi hi t`m Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba. Tmpabjmkmit shcis brm bvbhabdam erfk yfur Dfdjbt afbnmr nmbamr.

• ^`m afbnmr `bs b pabsthj Fpmrbtfr‘s @bindffg ebstmimn tf t`m fpmrbtfr jbd. Hts drhme histrujthfis brm jfivmihmit tf t`m
fpmrbtfr. ^`m @bindffg hs bvbhabdam erfk yfur nmbamr hi bi Micahs` mnhthfi fr fim fe kbiy ft`mr abicubcms. Zmm yfur   m
   a
Dfdjbt nmbamr efr kfrm hiefrkbthfi fi trbisabtmn vmrshfis.   b
  s
  m
• ^`m MKH Zbemty Kbiuba (bvbhabdam hi Zpbihs`) nmahvmrmn wht` t`m afbnmr chvms cmimrba sbemty hiefrkbthfi.    T
  r
  f
   e
• ^`m Zmrvhjm Kbiuba bin \brts Kbiuba brm bvbhabdam erfk yfur nmbamr efr usm dy kmj`bihjs tf nf s`fp‚typm smrvhjm bin    t
rmpbhr wfrg.   f
   I
  -
• Jfursm hs bvbhabdam t`rfuc` yfur afjba nmbamr. ^`hs jfursm hs hitminmn tf prfvhnm  -
^`m Zghn‚Ztmmr Afbnmr Fpmrbtfr ^rbhihic Jfursm
  y
ruams bin prbjthjms efr jfrrmjt fpmrbthfi fe t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr. ^`m jfursm hs bvbhabdam hi Micahs` bin Zpbihs`
Z pbihs` vmrshfi.  p
  f
   J
• ^`m Zmrvhjm Zbemty ^rbhihic Jfursm hs bvbhabdam erfk yfur Dfdjbt nmbamr. ^`hs jfursm prfvhnms hiefrkbthfi
h iefrkbthfi efr sbem bin  r
jfrrmjt smrvhjm prfjmnurms efr Dfdjbt Zghn‚Ztmmr afbnmrs.   m
   a
  b
  m
• ^`m Dfdjbt Zghn‚Ztmmr Afbnmr Zbemty Uhnmf hs bvbhabdam
bvbha bdam erfk yfur Dfdjbt Nmbamr.    N

Sbrihics fi t`m kbj`him bin hi t`m ^`hs ifthjm hnmithehms prfjmnurms

kbiubas brm efr yfur sbemty. Ebhaurm tf w`hj` kust dm efaafwmn tf bvfhn
fdmy wbrihics jbi jbusm hioury fr nbkbcm tf t`m kbj`him.
nmbt`. H‚4<28‚<40>
S‚4<>>‚240=

Zbemty Bamrt Zykdfa? ^`hs sykdfa wht` b wbrihic stbtmkmit, kmbis? ‑Sbrihic,
‑Sbrihic, dm bamrt! Xfur
Xfur sbemty hs
hivfavmn!‛ Jbrmeuaay rmbn t`m kmssbcm t`bt efaafws.

ZH<=‚2480

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

8 fe =<5 v Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Kbr. 88
 

ZBEM^X HIZ^T]J^HFIZ (Jfit‘n)

• Smbr thc`t ehtthic jaft`hic. Bawbys wmbr sbemty cabssms w`mi kbhitbhihic fr smrvhjhic afbnmr. Zbemty cabssms, `mbrhic
prftmjthfi fr afbnmr spmjhba bppahjbthfis ght brm rmquhrmn efr sfkm wfrg. Zmm yfur nmbamr efr Dfdjbt Zbemty mquhpkmit.

• Gifw w`mrm ehrm mxthicuhs`mr bin ehrst bhn ght brm afjbtmn bin `fw tf usm t`mk.

• Nf ift usm t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr w`mrm mx`bust, brjs, spbrgs fr `ft jfkpfimits jbi jfitbjt eabkkbdam kbtmrhba, mxpafshvm
nust fr cbsms.

• ^`m michim jfkpbrtkmit bin michim jffahic systmk kust dm hispmjtmn mvmry nby bin jambimn he imjmssbry tf prmvmit
ehrm `bzbrn bin fvmr`mbthic.

• J`mjg baa mamjtrhjba whrhic bin jfiimjthfis efr nbkbcm. Gmmp t`m dbttmry
dbttmry tmrkhibas jambi bin thc`t. Tmpbhr fr rmpabjm biy
nbkbcmn pbrt.

• J`mjg euma bin `ynrbuahj tudms, `fsms bin ehtthics efr nbkbcm bin ambgbcm. Imvmr usm fpmi eabkm fr dbrm sghi tf j`mjg
efr ambgs. ^hc`tmi fr rmpabjm biy pbrts t`bt s`fw ambgbcm. Bawbys jambi eauhn sphaas. Nf ift usm cbsfahim fr nhmsma euma efr
jambihic pbrts. ]sm jfkkmrjhba ifieabkkbdam sfavmits.

• Efaafw biy mivhrfikmitba sbemty rmcuabthfis w`mi nhspfshic fe usmn eauhns suj` bs michim fha, crmbsm fr bith‚ermmzm.

• Nf ift usm mt`mr fr stbrthic eauhns fi michims w`hj` `bvm cafw paucs. ^`msm stbrthic bhns jbi jbusm mxpafshfi bin hiourm
yfu fr dystbinmrs.

• Bawbys jambi t`m afbnmr bin nhsjfiimjt t`m dbttmry dmefrm nfhic biy wmanhic. Jfvmr ruddmr `fsms, dbttmry bin baa ft`mr
eabkkbdam pbrts. Gmmp b ehrm mxthicuhs`mr imbr t`m afbnmr w`mi wmanhic. @bvm cffn vmithabthfi w`mi crhinhic fr wmanhic   m
   a
  b
pbhitmn pbrts. Smbr nust kbsg w`mi crhinhic pbhitmn pbrts. ^fxhj nust fr cbs jbi dm prfnujmn.   s
  m
•  Ztfp t`m michim bin amt ht jffa dmefrm bnnhic euma. If skfghic!    T
  r
  f
   e
• ]sm t`m prfjmnurm hi t`m Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm fr Zmrvhjm Kbiubas efr jfiimjthic t`m dbttmry
dbttmry..    t
  f
   I
B ehrm mxthicuhs`mr hs bvbhabdam erfk yfur afjba nmbamr. ^`m ehrm mxthicuhs`mr jbi dm histbaamn hi t`m afjbthfi s`fwi WB[
WB[..   -
  -
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   J
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   a
  b
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   N

\‚:3<=

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

2< fe =<5 vh Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

ZMTHBA I]KDMT AFJB^HFIZ

Bawbys usm t`m smrhba iukdmr fe t`m afbnmr w`mi

B
rmqumsthic smrvhjm hiefrkbthfi fr w`mi frnmrhic pbrts.
Mbray fr abtmr kfnmas (hnmithehjbthfi kbnm dy smrhba
iukdmr) kby usm nheemrmit pbrts, fr ht kby dm imjmssbry
tf usm b nheemrmit prfjmnurm hi nfhic b spmjhehj smrvhjm
fpmrbthfi.

AFBNMT ZMTHBA I]KDMT

^`m afbnmr smrhba iukdmr pabtm hs afjbtmn fi t`m hishnm fe

t`m amet uprhc`t, bdfvm t`m crhaa WB[
WB[..

Mxpabibthfi fe afbnmr Zmrhba Iukdmr?

PPPP PPPPP \‚<3524

Kfnuam 4. ‚ \rfnujthfi
Zmqumijm (Zmrhms) D
Kfnuam 2. ‚ Kfnma/Michim
Jfkdhibthfi
^`m efur nhcht Kfnma/Michim Jfkdhibthfi kfnuam iukdmr
hnmithehms t`m kfnma iukdmr bin michim jfkdhibthfi.
^`hs iukdmr (hi pbrmit`mshs dmshnm t`m kfnma iukdmr) hs
usmn hi t`m Zmrvhjm Kbiuba tf kfrm mbshay hnmithey t`m
stbinbrn, fpthfiba bin ehman bjjmssfry mquhpkmit
  m
   a
hijaunmn fr bvbhabdam efr mbj` spmjhehj kfnma.
  b
  s
  m
^`m
frnmrehvm nhchtt`m
w`hj` \rfnujthfi
afbnmr hsZmqumijm
prfnujmn.Iukdmr hnmithehms t`m    T
  r
  f
   e
MICHIM ZMTHBA I]KDMT    t
\‚<3528   f
   I
^`m smrhba iukdmr hs afjbtmn fi t`m vbavm
vba vm jfvmr bt t`m rhc`t   -
  -
shnm fe t`m michim WD[
WD[..   y
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   J
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   a
  b
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   N

NMAHUMTX TM\FT^ J
^`m Nmahvmry Tmpfrt kust dm ehaamn fut dy t`m nmbamr bin
shcimn dy t`m fwimr fr fpmrbtfr w`mi t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr
hs nmahvmrmn. Bi mxpabibthfi fe t`m efrk kust dm chvmi tf
jfkpamtmay WJ[..
t`m fwimr. Kbgm surm ht hs ehaamn fut jfkpamtmay WJ[

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

22 fe =<5 vhh Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

DFDJB^ AFBNMT HNMI^HEHJB^HFI

ETFI^ AHC@^Z
(F\^HFIBA)
F\MTB^FT ZMB^

CTBD TMBT B]PHAHBTX

@BINAMZ R]HJG JF]\AMTZ
(F\^HFIBA)

ZMB^ DMA^

^HA^ JXAHINMT

D]JGM^
  m
   a
ETFI^ B]PHAHBTX   b
  s
R]HJG JF]\AMTZ   m
(F\^HFIBA)    T
  r
ZBEM^X ^TMBN   f
   e
   t
D]JGM^ Z^M\Z   f
   I
F\MTB^FT JBD   -
  -
(TF\Z & EF\Z)   y
  p
  f
ZMB^ DBT    J
  r
  m
   a
AHE^ BTK   b
  m
TMBT CTHAA    N

AHE^ BTK
Z]\\FT^ NMUHJM

TMBT AHC@^
(F\^HFIBA)

AHE^ JXAHINMT
TMBT NFFT ^BHA AHC@^
(F\^HFIBA) D‚2=<25
^HTMZ* D‚2=<23

* ^HTMZ
D]JGM^‚ Eaftbthfi
‚ Zmvmrbathrms brm s`fwi.
nheemrmit Fpthfiba
dujgmts thrms
bin ft`mr brm bvbhabdam.
bttbj`kmits brm bvbhabdam efr t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr.
TF\Z, EF\Z ‚ Tfaa Fvmr \rftmjthvm Ztrujturm, pmr ZBM O2<>< bin HZF :>32 bin Ebaahic Fdomjt \rftmjthvm
Ztrujturm pmr ZBM O2<>: bin HZF :>>8 Amvma H. Amvma aa EF\Z
EF\Z hs bvbhabdam
bvbhabdam efr prftmjthfi erfk `mbvy ebaahic
fdomjts. ^`m Dfdjbt afbnmr hs dbsm‚mquhppmn wht` b stbinbrn fpmrbtfr jbd bs s`fwi. Mxtrb hisuabtmn jbd hs
bvbhabdam bs bi fpthfi (Tmnujmn ifhsm amvma).
05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
24 fe =<5 vhhh Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 Tmvhsmn Kbr. 88
 

F\^HFIZ BIN BJJMZZFTHMZ

Baa 05: Dfdjbt afbnmrs brm mquhppmn wht` t`m efaafwhic stbinbrn htmks?
Dfd‚^bj` Zmbt Dmat
Bnoustbdam Jus`hfi Zmbt Zmbt Dbr
Zpbrg Brrmstfr Mx`bust Zystmk \brghic Drbgm
Ahet Brk Zuppfrt Nmvhjm Cbucms/Sbrihic Ahc`ts
Fpmrbt
Fpm rbtfr
fr Jbd (S/
(S/TF\
TF\ZZ & EF\
EF\ZZ Bppr
Bpprfvb
fvba)a) Dfdjbt
Dfd jbt Hit
Hitmra
mrafjg
fjg Jfi
Jfitrf
trfaa Zystm
Zystmk
k (DHJZℤ)
(DHJZ
Cafw \auc \rm‚@mbt Zystmk

Dmafw hs b ahsthic fe t`m fpthfiba mquhpkmit w`hj` hs bvbhabdam t`rfuc` yfur Dfdjbt afbnmr nmbamr.
05:
^hrms
24 x 25.=, 2< \T Dfdjbt @mbvy Nuty Eaftbthfi Ztn.
0.4= x 2=, Bhr Dfss Zmckmitmn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
24.<< x25.= , Bhr Dfss Zmckmitmn . . . . . . . . . . . EB
0.<< x 25 Zfahn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
2<.<< x :: Dfdjbt Zfahn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
:2 x 2=.=x2=, 0\T ]atrb Crhp ^rmbn . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB

Fpmrbtfr Jbd
Zfuin Jbd (0= nDb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt.
Nmauxm Jbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
Zuspmishfi Zmbt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
Fpmrbthic Ahc`ts (Erfit & Tmbr) . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
@bin Jfitrfa Ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
@fri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
Dbjg‚]p Babrk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
@mbtmn Mijafsmn Jbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB   m
   a
^fp Shinfw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   b
  s
Tmbr Shinfw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   m
Tmbr Shpmr/Sbs`mr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB    T
Jbd Mijafsurm Ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   r
  f
   e
Uhiya Jbd Mijafsurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB    t
Jfvmr Ght (\mnbas Brmb) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   f
Jfvmr Ght (@ynrbuahj Tmsmrvfhr Brmb) . . . . . . . . . EB    I
Ehrm Mxthicuhs`mr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   -
  -
Eabs`mr Ahc`ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   y
Ztrfdm fr Tftbthic Dmbjfi Ahc`t . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   p
  f
:‘‘ Zmbt Dmat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB    J
Zpmjhba Bppahjbthfis Ght (Hijaunms Amxbi Erfit   r
  Nffr, ^fp & Tmbr Shinfws) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB   m
   a
  b
  m
@ynrbuahjs    N
Erfit Buxhahbry @ynrbuahjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
Tmbr Buxhahbry @ynrbuahjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
@ynrbuahj Dujgmt \fshthfihic (Hijaunms Fi/Fee
  Zwhtj`) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
@h‚Eafw @ynrbuahjs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt.
Ft`mr
Michim Fha \bi @mbtmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
Zhicam fr Efur \fhit Ahet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
Afjghic Euma Jbp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
Tbnhbtfr Zjrmmi Ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
Tmbr Nffr Dukpmrs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
^bhacbtm Afjg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
^ffa Dfx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB
Jfuitmrwmhc`t Ght . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB
Jbtbaythj Mx`bust \urhehmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fpt. & EB

Histrukmitbthfi
Dfdjbt Fpmrbthfi Zmishic Zystmk (DFZZ®) . . Fpt. (Ztn. hi Murfpm)
Gmyamss Ztbrt Zystmk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EB

Ztn. ; Ztbinbrn Mquhpkmit

Fpt. ; Ebjtfry Histbaamn Fpthfi
EB ; Ehman Histbaamn Bjjmssfry
Zpmjhehjbthfis sudomjt tf 
j`bicm wht`fut ifthjm 
Tmvhsmn Obi. 80
05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
2: fe =<5 hx Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

05:,05:@Zmrvhjm
05:@Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Kbiuba#534>388
#534>388‚‚Jfitmits
JfitmitsZmjthfi
Zmjthfi

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   N

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

2> fe =<5 x Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

\TMUMI^HUM KBHI^MIBIJM
\TMUMI^HUM
\bcm KBHI^MIBIJM
Iukdmr
BHT JAMBIMT ZMTUHJM
Tmpabjhic Ehatmr Mamkmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚22
BA^MTIB^FT DMA^
Bnousthic t`m Batmribtfr Dmat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚25
JFFAHIC ZXZ^MK
Jambihic t`m Jffahic Zystmk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2=
MICHIM A]DTHJB^HFI
A]DTHJB^HFI ZXZ^MK
J`mjghic Michim Fha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2>
Tmpabjhic fe Fha bin Ehatmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2>
EBI CMBTDFP
J`mjghic bin Kbhitbhihic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚44
EHIBA NTHUM ^TBIZKHZZHFI (J@BHIJBZM)
J`mjghic bin Bnnhic Fha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚4<
Tmkfvhic Fha Erfk t`m J`bhijbsm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚4<
E]MA ZXZ^MK   m
Ehaahic t`m Euma ^big . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2:    a
  b
Euma Ehatmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2:   s
  m
Euma Zpmjhehjbthfis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2:    T
  r
Tmkfvhic Bhr Erfk t`m Euma Zystmk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2:   f
   e
   t
@XNTB]AHJ/@XNTFZ^B^HJ ZXZ^MK   f
J`mjghic bin Bnnhic Eauhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚23    I
  -
Tmpabjhic @ynrbuahj/@ynrfstbthj Ehatmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚23   -
Tmpabjhic @ynrbuahj Eauhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚20   y
  p
  f
AHE^ BTK Z]\\FT^ NMUHJM    J
  r
^f Histbaa t`m Ahet Brk Zuppfrt Nmvhjm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚5   m
   a
^f Tmkfvm t`m Ahet Brk Zuppfrt Nmvhjm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚3   b
  m
   N
AHE^HIC BIN DAFJGHIC ^@M AFBNMT
\rfjmnurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚>
A]DTHJB^HIC ^@M AFBNMT
A]DTHJB^HIC
\rfjmnurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚42
F\MTB^FT JBD
Nmsjrhpthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚0
Afwmrhic t`m Fpmrbtfr Jbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚8
Tbhshic t`m Fpmrbtfr Jbd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚0
Mkmrcmijy Mxht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚8
TMKF^M Z^BT^ ZSH^J@
\rfjmnurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚4:
ZMB^ DBT TMZ^TBHI^ ZXZ^MK
ZMB^
Nmsjrhpthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2<
Zmbt Dbr Hispmjthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2<
Zmbt Dbr Kbhitmibijm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚2<

ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM
J`brt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚:

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

2= fe =<5
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80 ‚2‚2‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

\TMUMI^HUM KBHI^MIBIJM (Jfit‘n)

\bcm
Iukdmr

^HTM KBHI^MIBIJM
^hrm Kfuithic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚28
^hrm Tftbthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚28
S`mma Iuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚28

^FSHIC ^@M AFBNMT

\rfjmnurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚=

^TBIZ\FT^HIC ^@M AFBNMT

\rfjmnurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2‚=

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   N

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

25 fe =<5
 Tmvhsmn Ouim 80 2 4 Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM
Kbhitmibijm wfrg kust dm nfim bt rmcuabr hitmrvbas. Ebhaurm tf nf sf whaa rmsuat hi mxjmsshvm wmbr bin mbray ebhaurms. ^`m
smrvhjm sj`mnuam hs b cuhnm efr jfrrmjt kbhitmibijm fe t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr.

Histrujthfis brm imjmssbry dmefrm fpmrbthic fr smrvhjhic kbj`him.

Tmbn Fpmrbthfi & Kbhitmibijm Kbiuba, @bindffg bin shcis (nmjbas)
fi kbj`him. Efaafw wbrihics bin histrujthfis hi t`m kbiubas w`mi
kbghic rmpbhrs, bnoustkmits fr smrvhjhic. J`mjg efr jfrrmjt euijthfi
betmr bnoustkmits, rmpbhrs fr smrvhjm. Ebhaurm tf efaafw histrujthfis jbi
jbusm hioury fr nmbt`.
S‚4<<:‚<383

●
H^MK ZMTUHJM TMR]HTMN 0‚2< =< 4=< =<< 2<<< :<<<
Michim Fha J`mjg t`m fha amvma bin bnn fha bs immnmn.
Michim Bhr Jambimr J`mjg jf jfinhthfi hi hinhjbtfr fr fr nhnhspaby pb pbima. Zmrvhjm fiay
w`mi rmquhrmn.
Mich
Mi chim
im Jf
Jffa
fahi
hicc Zys
Zystm tmkk Jamb
Jambii nmd
nmdrh rhss erf
erfkk fha
fha jf
jffa
famr
mr rb
rbnh
nhbtbtfr
fr bibinn crh
crhaa
aa..
Ahett Brk
Ahe Brks,s, Jya
Jya.,
., Dfd
Dfd‚^ ‚^bj`
bj` Audrhj
Aud rhjbtm
btm wht
wht`` kua
kuath‚th‚pur
purpfs
pfsmm aht
aht`hu
`huk k dbs
dbsmn mn crm
crmbsm bsm
\hvft \his bin Smncms (24 pabjms).
Michim Bhr Zystmk J`mjg efr ambgs bin nbkbcmn jfkpfimits.
^hrms J`mjg efr nbkbcmn thrms bin jfrrmjt bhr prmssurm.
Zmbt Dmat, Zmbt Dbr & \m \mnbanba J`mjg t`m jfinht
jfinhthfihfi fefe smbt
smbt dmat.
dmat. J`mjg
J`mjg t`m t`m smbt
smbt dbr dbr bin efft
Hitmrafjgs pmnba hitmrafjgs efr jfrrmjt fpmrbthfi. Jambi nhrt bin nmdrhs erfk
kfvhic pbrts.   m
   a
Dfdjbt Hitmrafjg Jfitrfa J`mjg DHJZℤ euijthfis. Jambi nhrt, nmdrhs fr fdomjts erfk   b
  s
  Zystmk (DHJZ^K) uinmr fr dm`hin smbt bin brfuin drbgm pmnba bs rmquhrmn.   m
Zbem
Zb emty
ty Zhc
Zhcis
is b bin
in Zbe
Zbemtmtyy J`mj
J` mjgg efr
efr nbk
nbkbc bcmn mn shc
shcis
is (nm
(nmjb
jbas as)) bin
bin sbem
sbemty
ty trmtrmbn
bns.
s. Tmp
Tmpab abjm
jm    T
  r
  ^rmbns biy shcis fr sbemty trmbns t`bt brm nbkbcmn fr wfri.   f
   e
Fpmrbtfr Jbd J`mjg t`m ebstmihic dfats, wbs`mrs bin iuts. J`mjg t`m    t
jfinhthfi fe jbd.   f
   I
Euma Ehatmr Tmkfvm t`m trbppmn wbtmr.   -
  -
@yn.
@y n. Eauh
Eauhn,
n, @f
@fsm smss bin
bin J`mj
J` mjgg eau
eauhn
hn am
amvm
vmaa bin
bin bnbnnn bs
bs imm
immnm nmn. n. J`
J`mjmjgg efrefr nb
nbkb
kbcmcm bibin n
  y
  ^udmahims ambgs. Tmpbhr fr rmpabjm bs immnmn.   p
Ehiba Nrhvm ^rbis.(J`bhijbsm) J`mjg fha amvma.   f
   J
Dbttmry J`mjg jbdams, jfiimjthfis bin mamjtrfaytm amvma. Bnn nhsthaamn   r
wbtmr bs immnmn.   m
   a
Efft
Ef ft \mn
\mnbabas
s bin Ztm
Ztmmr mrhi
hic c J`mj
J` mjgg efr
efr jfrr
jfrrmjmjtt fpmr
fpmrbt bthf
hfi.
i. Tmp
Tmpbh bhrr fr bno
bnous
ustt bs immimmnm
nmn.
n.   b
  m
S`mma Iuts J`mjg efr affsm w`mma iuts bin thc`tmi tf 2<=‚22= et e t.‚ads.    N
(2>4‚2=5 Ik) tfrqum.
\brghic Drbgm J`mjg fpmrbthfi fe t`m drbgm.
Batmribtfr Dmat J`mjg tmishfi bin bnoust bs immnmn.
Mich
Mi chim
im/@
/@yn
ynrf
rf.. Nr
Nrhv
hvm
m Dma
Dmatt * J`
J`mj
mjgg efr
efr wm
wmbr br fr nbnbkbkbcmcm.. J`m
J`mjg jg hnhnam
amrr brk
brk st stfp
fp..
Euma Ehatmr Tmpabjm ehatmr mamkmit.
Ztmmrhic Z`bet Crmbsm t`rmm ehtthics.
@ynrbuahj Tmsmrvfhr Tmpabjm t`m rmsmrvfhr drmbt`mr jbp.
  Drmbt`mr Jbp
@yn./@ynrf. Ehatmr Tmpabjm t`m ehatmr mamkmit.
Mich
Mi chim
im Fha
Fha bin
bin Eha
Ehatm
tmrr Tmpa
Tm pabj
bjmm fh
fhaa bi
binn eh
ehat
atmr
mr.. ]s
]smm JN fr dm dmttttmr
mr cr
crbn
bnmm fh
fhaa bi
bin n Df
Dfdj
djbt
bt eh
ehat
atmr
mr..
Ehiba Nrhvm ^rbis. Tmpabjm t`m fha hi t`m j`bhijbsm.
@ynrbuahj Tm Tmsmrvfhr Jambi fr
fr rmrmpabjm t`m eaeauhn.
@ynrbuahj Kftfrs Jambi fr rmpabjm t`m jbsm nrbhi ehatmrs.
Dfdj
Df djbt
bt Hi
Hitm
tmra
rafj
fjgg Jf
Jfit itrf
rfaa J`mj
J` mjgg ah
ahet
et br
brkk dydy‚p‚pbsbsss jf
jfit
itrf
rfa.
a.
  Zystmk (DHJZ^K)
Ebi Nrhvm Cmbrdfx J`mjg cmbr audm amvma.
Michim Ubavms ∙ Bnoust t`m michim vbavms.
Michim ^hkhic Dmat ● Tmpabjm t`m thkhic dmat bin dmat tmishfimr bssy sy..
J`mjg w`mma iut tfrqum mvmry 0 `furs efr t`m ehrst 4> `furs.
Basf rmpabjm `ynrbuahj/`ynrfstbthj ehatmr mamkmit w`mi t`m trbiskhsshfi wbrihic ahc`t jfkms FI.
Fr mvmry 24 kfit`s.
* Hisp
Hispmj
mjtt t`m
t`m imw
imw dmat
dmat be
betm
tmrr ehrs
ehrstt =< `f
`fur
urs.
s.
Betmr t`m ehrst =< `furs.
∙ Betmr t`m ehrst =<< `furs fi imw michim, bnoust michim vbavms7 2<<< `furs t`mrmbetmr
t`mrmbetmr.. (Zmm \bcm 3‚2 efr
prfjmnurm.)
● Fr mvmry = ymbrs.
05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
23 fe =<5
 Tmvhsmn Obi. 80 2 : Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

Histrujthfis brm imjmssbry dmefrm fpmrbthic fr

smrvhjhic kbj`him. Tmbn Fpmrbthfi &
Kbhitmibijm Kbiubas, @bindffg bin shcis
(nmjbas) fi kbj`him. Efaafw wbrihics bin
histrujthfis hi t`m kbiubas w`mi kbghic
rmpbhrs, bnoustkmits fr smrvhjhic. J`mjg efr
jfrrmjt euijthfi betmr bnoustkmits, rmpbhrs fr
smrvhjm. Ebhaurm tf efaafw histrujthfis jbi
jbusm hioury fr nmbt`.
S‚4<<:‚<383

Tmbn t`m Tmkfvba & Histbaabthfi, Nhsbssmkday &

Bssmkday, mtj. jfkpamtmay tf dmjfkm ebkhahbr wht` t`m
prfjmnurm dmefrm dmchiihic WB[
WB[..
D‚3<4:
AHE^HIC BIN DAFJGHIC ^@M AFBNMT

\rfjmnurm

Bawbys pbrg t`m afbnmr fi b amvma surebjm.

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
  f
   I
  -
  -
\ut objgstbins uinmr t`m erfit bxams bin rmbr   y
jfrimrs fe t`m erbkm dmefrm ruiihic t`m michim D   p
  f
efr smrvhjm. Ebhaurm tf usm objgstbins jbi baafw
t`m kbj`him tf ebaa fr kfvm bin jbusm hioury fr    J
  r
nmbt`.   m
   a
S‚4<23‚<405   b
  m
   N
\ut eaffr objg uinmr t`m rmbr fe t`m afbnmr WD[
WD[..

Ahet t`m rmbr fe t`m afbnmr bin histbaa objgstbins WD[

WD[..

\‚<33<:

J
\ut t`m eaffr objg uinmr t`m erfit fe t`m afbnmr WJ[
WJ[..

Ahet t`m erfit fe t`m afbnmr bin put objgstbins uinmr t`m
bxam tudms WJ[
WJ[..
IF^M?? Kbgm surm
IF^M surm t`m objgstbins
objgstbins nf ift
ift tfuj` t`m
t`m
thrms. Kbgm surm thrms jambr eaffr fr biy
fdstbjams.

\‚<33<>

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

20 fe =<5
 Tmvhsmn Bpr. 83 2 > Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

^TBIZ\FT^HIC ^@M DFDJB^ AFBNMT

B
\rfjmnurm

Bnmqubtmay nmshcimn
strmict` brm immnmn rbkps t`m
tf suppfrt fe sueehjhmit
wmhc`t fe
t`m kbj`him w`mi afbnhic fitf b trbispfrt Zuppfrt
vm`hjam. Sffn rbkps jbi drmbg bin jbusm \‚2<>=0
pmrsfiba hioury
hioury..
S‚4<=0‚<>8>

B afbnmr wht` bi mkpty dujgmt fr if bttbj`kmit kust dm D

vm`hjam  WB[..
afbnmn dbjgwbrn fitf t`m trbispfrt vm`hjam WB[

^`m rmbr fe t`m trbhamr kust dm dafjgmn fr suppfrtmn w`mi

afbnhic fr uiafbnhic t`m afbnmr tf prmvmit t`m erfit min fe
t`m trbhamr erfk rbhshic up. Zfkm rbkps prfvhnm suppfrt
WB[..
WB[

Dm surm t`m trbispfrt bin tfwhic vm`hjams brm fe bnmqubtm   m

   a
shzm bin jbpbjhty (Zmm Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ Zmjthfi \bcm \‚2<>54   b
\‚2<>5>   s
8‚2,  efr wmhc`t fe afbnmr.)
8‚2,   m
   T
]sm t`m efaafwhic prfjmnurm tf ebstmi t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr   r
tf t`m trbispfrt vm`hjam tf prmvmit t`m afbnmr erfk kfvhic   f
   e
safpms WD[
nurhic sunnmi stfps fr w`mi cfhic up fr nfwi safpms  WD[..    t
  f
   I
Afwmr t`m dujgmt fr bttbj`kmit tf t`m eaffr. Ztfp t`m   -
  -
michim. Micbcm t`m pbrghic drbgm. Histbaa j`bhis bt t`m   y
pfshthfis  WD[.. Ebstmi mbj`
erfit bin rmbr afbnmr thm nfwi pfshthfis WD[   p
min fe t`m j`bhi tf t`m trbispfrt vm`hjam.   f
   J
  r
^FSHIC ^@M AFBNMT   m
   a
  b
  m
^f prmvmit nbkbcm tf t`m afbnmrs `ynrfstbthj systmk, t`m    N
afbnmr kust dm tfwmn fiay b s`frt nhstbijm bt safw spmmn.
(Mxbkpam? Kfvhic t`m afbnmr fitf b trbispfrt vm`hjam).

^`m tfwhic j`bhi (fr jbdam) kust dm rbtmn bt 2 & 2/4 thkms
t`m wmhc`t t`m afbnmr. (Zmm Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ 
, \bcmfe8‚2.)
Zmjthfi,
Zmjthfi

• ^uri t`m gmy swhtj` tf FI bin prmss t`m ^rbjthfi

Afjg Fvmrrhnm duttfi.

• ^fw t`m Dfdjbt bt 4 K\@ (:,4 gk/`r)

gk/`r) fr amss efr ift
kfrm t`bi 4= emmt (3,5 kmtmrs).

He t`m mamjtrhjba systmk hs ift euijthfihic, pbrt fe t`m drbgm 53<3053 \‚2<>5<
systmk kust dm nhsbssmkdamn tf kfvm t`m afbnmr.

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

28 fe =<5
 Tmvhsmn Kbr. 88 ‚2‚=‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

AHE^ BTK Z]\\FT^ NMUHJM

^f Histbaa t`m Ahet Brk Zuppfrt Nmvhjm

B

2
\‚2<048

D 2
Imvmr wfrg fi b kbj`him wht` t`m ahet brks up
uiamss t`m ahet brks brm smjurmn dy bi bpprfvmn
ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm. Ebhaurm tf usm bi
bpprfvmn ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm jbi baafw t`m
ahet brks fr bttbj`kmit tf ebaa bin jbusm hioury
fr nmbt`. S‚4<=8‚<=80
  m
   a
  b
Kbhitmibijm bin smrvhjm wfrg jbi dm nfim wht` t`m ahet   s
  m
brks afwmrmn. He t`m ahet brks kust dm rbhsmn efr smrvhjm,    T
usm t`m efaafwhic prfjmnurm?   r
  f
   e
\ut objgstbins uinmr t`m rmbr jfrimrs fe t`m afbnmr.    t
\‚2<0:<   f
   I
Nhsjfiimjt t`m sprhic erfk t`m rmtbhihic phi (Htmk 2) WB[
WB[,,   -
  -
`fan fitf t`m bpprfvmn ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm (Htmk 4) WB[   y
bin rmkfvm t`m rmtbhihic phi.   p
  f
Afwmr t`m ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm fi tfp fe t`m ahet
a het jyahinmr.    J
  r
@ffg t`m ermm min fe t`m sprhic (Htmk 2) WD[
WD[ tf
 tf t`m ahet brk   m
   a
suppfrt nmvhjm sf t`mrm whaa dm if hitmremrmijm wht` t`m   b
suppfrt nmvhjm micbcmkmit.   m
   N
Sht` t`m fpmrbtfr hi t`m smbt, smbt dmat ebstmimn bin smbt
dbr afwmrmn, stbrt t`m michim.

Zmrvhjm ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm he nbkbcmn fr he

pbrts brm khsshic. ]shic b nbkbcmn ahet brk
suppfrt fr wht` khsshic pbrts jbi jbusm ahet
brks tf nrfp jbushic hioury fr nmbt`.
S‚4432‚2283

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 4< fe
Tmvhsmn Kbr. 88=<5 ‚2‚5‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

AHE^ BTK Z]\\FT^ NMUHJM

Tbhsm t`m ahet brks, uitha t`m ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm nrfps
B
fitf t`m ahet jyahinmr rfn WB[
WB[..

Afwmr t`m ahet brks safway uitha t`m suppfrt nmvhjm hs `man
dmtwmmi t`m ahet brk bin t`m ahet jyahinmr. Ztfp t`m michim.
Tbhsm t`m smbt dbr bin kfvm pmnbas uitha dft` pmnbas
afjg.

Histbaa phi (Htmk 2) WB[

WB[ hitf
 hitf t`m rmbr fe t`m ahet brk suppfrt
nmvhjm dmafw t`m jyahinmr rfn. 2

^f Tmkfvm t`m Ahet Brk Zuppfrt Nmvhjm

Tmkfvm t`m phi erfk t`m ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm (Htmk 2)
WB[..
WB[ \‚<35=8

Jfiimjt t`m sprhic (Htmk 2) WD[

WD[ erfk
 erfk t`m ahet brk suppfrt
nmvhjm tf t`m drbjgmt dmafw t`m ahet brks.
D
Sht` t`m fpmrbtfr hi t`m smbt, smbt dmat ebstmimn bin smbt
dbr afwmrmn, stbrt t`m michim.

Tbhsm t`m ahet brks b skbaa bkfuit bin t`m sprhic whaa ahet
t`m suppfrt nmvhjm fee t`m ahet jyahinmr rfn. Afwmr t`m ahet
brks. Ztfp t`m michim. 2

Tbhsm t`m smbt dbr bin kfvm pmnbas uitha dft` pmnbas   m
   a
afjg.   b
  s
  m
Nhsjfiimjt t`m sprhic erfk t`m drbjgmt.    T
  r
  f
   e
Tbhsm t`m suppfrt nmvhjm hitf stfrbcm pfshthfi bin hismrt
   t
phi t`rfuc` ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm bin drbjgmt WB[
WB[.. (\bcm \‚<35=5   f
2‚5.)    I
  -
  -
Jfiimjt sprhic tf t`m rmtbhihic phi (Htmk 2) WB[
WB[.. (\bcm   y
2‚5.)   p
  f
   J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 42 fe =<5 ‚2‚3‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

F\MTB^FT JBD

Nmsjrhpthfi
B
^`m Dfdjbt afbnmr `bs bi fpmrbtfr jbd (TF\Z bin
EF\Z) bs stbinbrn mquhpkmit tf prftmjt t`m fpmrbtfr
erfk rfaafvmr bin ebaahic fdomjts.
fdo mjts. J`mjg wht` yfur nmbamr
he t`m fpmrbtfr jbd `bs dmmi nbkbcmn.

Imvmr kfnhey fpmrbtfr jbd dy wmanhic, \‚2<003

crhinhic, nrhaahic `fams fr bnnhic bttbj`kmits
uiamss histrujtmn tf nf sf dy Dfdjbt
Jfkpbiy. J`bicms tf t`m jbd jbi jbusm afss
fe fpmrbtfr prftmjthfi erfk rfaafvmr bin D
ebaahic fdomjts, bin rmsuat hi hioury fr nmbt`.
S‚4<58‚240=

TF\Z/EF\Z  ‚ Tfaa‚Fvmr \rftmjthfi Ztrujturm pmr ZBM

TF\Z/EF\Z 
O2<>< bin HZF :>32, bin Ebaahic Fdomjt \rftmjthvm
Ztrujturm pmr ZBM O2<>: bin HZF :>>8, Amvma H. Amvma HH
hs bvbhabdam.   m
   a
  b
  s
AMUMA H H  ‚ \rftmjthfi erfk ebaahic drhjgs, skbaa jfijrmtm   m
dafjgs, bin `bin tffas mijfuitmrmn hi fpmrbthfis suj` bs    T
`hc`wby kbhitmibijm, abinsjbphic, bin ft`mr   r
  f
   e
jfistrujthfi shtm smrvhjms.
   t
\‚2<000   f
AMUMA HH HH  ‚ \rftmjthfi erfk ebaahic trmms, rfjgs7 efr    I
kbj`hims hivfavmn hi shtm jambrhic, fvmr`mbn nmkfahthfi   -
  -
fr efrmstry.   y
J   p
  f
Tbhshic t`m Fpmrbtfr Jbd    J
  r
Ztfp t`m afbnmr fi b amvma surebjm. Afwmr t`m ahet brks. He   m
   a
t`m ahet brks kust dm up w`ham rbhshic t`m fpmrbtfr jbd,   b
  m
histbaa t`m ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm. (Zmm \bcm 2‚5.)    N

Affsmi t`m iut (dft` shnms) bt t`m erfit jfrimr fe t`m

jbd WB[..
fpmrbtfr jbd WB[

shnms)  WD[..
Tmkfvm t`m iut bin pabtm (dft` shnms) WD[

\‚2<045
Ahet fi t`m crbd `binam bin dfttfk fe t`m fpmrbtfr jbd.
Tbhsm safway uitha t`m jbd abtj`hic kmj`bihsk micbcms
up  WJ[..
bin t`m jbd hs baa t`m wby up WJ[

]sm jbrm w`mi rbhshic fr afwmrhic t`m fpmrbtfr

jbd tf prmvmit nbkbchic t`m s`bet fe t`m ahet
afjg dy‚pbss vbavm.
H‚4<3<‚<>8=

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 44 fe =<5 ‚2‚0‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

F\MTB^FT JBD (Jfit‘n)

Afwmrhic t`m Fpmrbtfr Jbd

B
IF^M? Kbgm surm t`m smbt dbr hs euaay rbhsmn fr
afwmrmn w`mi afwmrhic t`m jbd.

\uaa nfwi fi t`m dfttfk fe t`m fpmrbtfr jbd uitha ht stfps

bt t`m abtj`hic kmj`bihsk. Tmambsm t`m abtj`hic
kmj`bihsk  bin puaa t`m jbd baa t`m wby nfwi WB[
kmj`bihsk WB[..

\‚2<04=

Histbaa t`m pabtm bin iut (dft` shnms) WD[

WD[.. D
^hc`tmi t`m iuts tf ><‚=< et.‚ads. (=>‚50 Ik) tfrqum.

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚2<000 \‚2<003   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
Mkmrcmijy Mxht J   p
  f
^`m erfit fpmihic fi t`m fpmrbtfr jbd bin rmbr whinfw    J
prfvhnm mxhts.   r
  m
   a
  b
^f mxht t`rfuc` t`m rmbr whinfw, usm t`m efaafwhic   m
prfjmnurm?    N

\uaa fi t`m tbc fi t`m tfp fe t`m rmbr whinfw tf rmkfvm t`m
jfrn WJ[..
ruddmr jfrn WJ[

\‚<<55<

\us` t`m rmbr whinfw fut fe t`m rmbr fe t`m fpmrbtfr jbd.
N
jbd  WN[..
Mxht t`rfuc` t`m rmbr fe t`m fpmrbtfr jbd WN[

\‚2<02<

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 4: fe =<5
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80 ‚2‚8‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

F\MTB^FT JBD (Jfit‘n)

Mkmrcmijy Mxht (Jfit‘n)
B
IF^M?? S`mi bi Fpmrbtfr
IF^M Fpmrbtfr Jbd Jbd Mijafsurm
Mijafsurm GhtGht
(fpthfiba) hs histbaamn, t`m whinfw fe t`m erfit
nffr jbi dm usmn bs bi mkmrcmijy mxht WB[.
\uaa t`m pabsthj affp bt t`m tfp fe t`m whinfw hi t`m erfit
nffr.
\us` t`m whinfw fut wht` yfur efft.
ZMB^ DBT TMZ^TBHI^ ZXZ^MK
Nmsjrhpthfi
^`m smbt dbr rmstrbhit systmk `bs b phvfthic smbt dbr wht`
53<30=4
brk rmsts bin `bs sprhic afbnmn hitmrafjgs efr t`m ahet bin
that jfitrfa pmnbas. ^`m fpmrbtfr jfitrfas t`m usm fe t`m
smbt dbr. ^`m smbt dbr hi t`m nfwi pfshthfi `maps tf gmmp
t`m fpmrbtfr hi t`m smbt. ^`m hitmrafjgs rmquhrm t`m
fpmrbtfr tf afwmr t`m smbt dbr hi frnmr tf fpmrbtm t`m efft
D
pmnba jfitrfas. S`mi t`m smbt dbr hs up, t`m ahet bin that
pmnbas brm afjgmn w`mi rmturimn tf t`m imutrba pfshthfi.

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
BUFHN HIO]TX FT NMB^@    T
^`m smbt dbr systmk kust afjg t`m ahet bin that   r
jfitrfa pmnbas hi imutrba w`mi t`m smbt dbr hs   f
   e
up. Zmrvhjm t`m systmk he pmnbas nf ift afjg     t
jfrrmjtay. \‚<:458 \‚<:43<   f
S‚42<=‚240=    I
  -
  -
Zmbt Dbr Hispmjthfi   y
J   p
  f
Zht hi t`m smbt bin ebstmi t`m smbt dmat. Micbcm t`m Hitmrafjg 
pbrghic drbgm. \uaa t`m smbt dbr baa t`m wby nfwi. Ztbrt t`m    J
Z`hman   r
michim. Fpmrbtm mbj` efft pmnba tf j`mjg dft` t`m ahet a het bin   m
   a
that euijthfis. Tbhsm t`m ahet brks uitha t`m dujgmt hs bdfut   b
4 emmt (5<< kk) fee t`m crfuin.   m
Jambi    N
Tbhsm t`m smbt dbr. ^ry tf kfvm mbj` efft pmnba. \mnbas
kust dm ehrkay afjgmn hi imutrba pfshthfi. ^`mrm kust dm
if kfthfi fe t`m ahet brks fr that (dujgmt) w`mi t`m pmnbas
brm pus`mn.
\uaa t`m smbt dbr nfwi, afwmr t`m ahet brks. Fpmrbtm t`m ahet
pmnbas. S`ham t`m ahet brks brm cfhic up, rbhsm t`m smbt dbr
bin t`m ahet brks s`fuan stfp.
\‚<25><
Afwmr t`m smbt dbr, afwmr t`m ahet brks bin pabjm t`m
dujgmt eabt fi t`m crfuin. Ztfp t`m michim. Tbhsm t`m smbt
dbr bin fpmrbtm t`m efft pmnbas tf dm surm t`bt t`m pmnbas
brm ehrkay afjgmn hi t`m imutrba pfshthfi. ]idujgam t`m smbt
dmat.
Zmbt Dbr Kbhitmibijm
Zmm t`m ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM   \bcm 2‚: efr jfrrmjt
smrvhjm hitmrvba.
BUFHN HIO]TX FT NMB^@
Jambi biy nmdrhs fr nhrt erfk t`m kfvhic pbrts WD[ &
pbrts WD[  WJ[..
 & WJ[ Imvmr fpmrbtm afbnmr wht`fut pmnba afjg s`hman
Hispmjt t`m ahigbcm dfats bin iuts efr thc`timss. ^`m 53<=>3> fi dft` hitmrafjgs. Z`hmans prmvmit
jfrrmjt tfrqum hs 4=‚40 et.‚ads. (:>‚:0 Ik). efft erfk uiafjghic hitmrafjgs w`mi ambvhic
afbnmr smbt. S‚4254‚228>
He t`m smbt dbr systmk nfms ift euijthfi jfrrmjtay, j`mjg
efr ermm kfvmkmit fe mbj` ahigbcm pbrt. J`mjg efr
mxjmsshvm wmbr. Bnoust pmnba jfitrfa ahigbcm. Tmpabjm
pbrts t`bt brm wfri fr nbkbcmn. ]sm fiay cmiuhim Dfdjbt
rmpabjmkmit pbrts.
05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
 4> fe =<5 ‚2‚2<‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

BHT JAMBIMT ZMTUHJM

Tmpabjhic Ehatmr Mamkmit

B 4

Sht`fut DFZZ ®?   Tmpabjm t`m futmr ehatmr mamkmit fiay

w`mi t`m rmn rhic s`fws hi t`m whinfw fe t`m jfinhthfi
2) WB[..
hinhjbtfr (Htmk 2) WB[
2

IF^M?? Dmefr
IF^M Dmefrm
m rmpabjhic
rmpabjhic t`m ehatmr mamkmit,
mamkmit, pus` t`m
duttfi fi t`m jfinhthfi hinhjbtfr (Htmk 4) WB[.
Ztbrt t`m michim, t`mi stfp t`m michim. He t`m
rmn rhic nfms ift s`fw, nf ift rmpabjm t`m
ehatmr mamkmit. \‚2<388

Tmpabjm t`m hiimr ehatmr mvmry t`hrn thkm t`m futmr ehatmr hs
rmpabjmn fr w`mi t`m rmn rhic sthaa s`fws hi t`m hinhjbtfr D
whinfw betmr t`m futmr ehatmr `bs dmmi rmpabjmn.

Sht` DFZZ ®?   Ht hs hkpfrtbit tf j`bicm t`m bhr ehatmr

mamkmit fiay w`mi t`m smrvhjm jfnms (fi t`m DFZZ ®
fpthfi histrukmit pbima) s`fws t`m sykdfas BE.4 WD[.
WD[.

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
KJ‚<4:44   f
   I
  -
  -
Zmrvhjm t`m bhr jambimr bs efaafws?
  y
2)  WJ[..
Tmambsm t`m t`rmm nust jfvmr ebstmimrs (Htmk 2) WJ[
J   p
  f
2    J
  r
jfvmr.
Tmkfvm t`m nust jfvmr.   m
   a
  b
  m
   N

\‚2<0<<

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 4= fe =<5 ‚2‚22‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

BHT JAMBIMT ZMTUHJM (Jfit‘n)

Tmpabjhic Ehatmr Mamkmit (Jfit‘n)

B
Tmkfvm t`m futmr ehatmr mamkmit WB[
WB[..

IF^M?? Kbgm surm baa

IF^M baa smbahic surebjms
surebjms brm ermm
ermm fe nhrt
bin nmdrhs.

Histbaa t`m imw futmr ehatmr mamkmit. \‚2<380

Fiay rmpabjm t`m hiimr ehatmr mamkmit uinmr t`m efaafwhic

jfinhthfis WD[
WD[??
D
Tmpabjm t`m hiimr ehatmr mvmry t`hrn thkm t`m futmr ehatmr
hs rmpabjmn fr w`mi t`m rmn rhic sthaa s`fws hi t`m
hinhjbtfr whinfw betmr t`m futmr ehatmr `bs dmmi
rmpabjmn.

S`mi t`m smrvhjm jfnms fi t`m histrukmit pbima

s`fws sykdfa BE.4
BE.4   nurhic euaa michim spmmn, rmpabjm
t`m hiimr ehatmr mamkmit fiay
fia y betmr t`m futmr ehatmr   m
   a
mamkmit `bs dmmi j`bicmn.   b
  s
  m
Bahci t`m tbd fi t`m jfvmr wht` fim fe t`m safts fi bhr    T
jambimr `fushic (Htmk 2) WD[
WD[.. ^`m mvbjubtfr (Htmk 2) WJ[
2) WJ[   r
  f
   e
kust dm bt t`m dfttfk.
   t
\‚2<0<4   f
\us` nust jfvmr hitf pabjm bin smjurm wht` whrm    I
ebstmimrs.   -
  -
  y
J`mjg t`m bhr hitbgm `fsm efr nbkbcm. J`mjg t`m bhr J   p
  f
jambimr `fushic efr nbkbcm. J`mjg tf kbgm surm baa    J
jfiimjthfis brm thc`t.   r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N

\‚2<0<<

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 45 fe80
Tmvhsmn Ouim =<5 ‚2‚24‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

E]MA ZXZ^MK

Euma Zpmjhehjbthfis
B
]sm fiay jambi, `hc` qubahty nhmsma euma, Crbnm If. 2 fr
Crbnm If. 4 .

^`m efaafwhic hs fim succmstmn daminhic cuhnmahim w`hj`

s`fuan prmvmit euma cmaahic prfdamks?
^mkp. E¼ (J¼) If. 4 If.2
2
+2=¼(8¼) 2<<% <%
Nfwi tf
Dmafw ‚4<
‚4< ¼ (‚48
¼ (48 ¼) ¼) =<<%
% 2=<<<%
%
Sm rmjfkkmin bi fpmrbtfr jfitbjt t`mhr euma suppahmr efr
afjba rmjfkkminbthfis. \‚2<028

Ehaahic t`m Euma ^big 

D STFIC

Ztfp bin jffa t`m michim dmefrm bnnhic euma.

IF ZKFGHIC! Ebhaurm tf fdmy wbrihics jbi
jbusm bi mxpafshfi fr ehrm.   m
   a
S‚4<5:‚<003   b
  s
  m
2)  WB[..
Tmkfvm t`m euma ehaa jbp (Htmk 2) WB[    T
  r
  f
   e
]sm b jambi, bpprfvmn sbemty jfitbhimr tf bnn euma fe t`m    t
jfrrmjt spmjhehjbthfis. Bnn euma fiay hi bi brmb t`bt `bs D‚2:>=5   f
ermm kfvmkmit fe bhr bin if fpmi eabkms fr spbrgs. IF    I
ZKFGHIC! WD[WD[..   -
  -
  y
Histbaa bin thc`tmi t`m euma ehaa jbp WB[
WB[.. J   p
  f
   J
Euma Ehatmr   r
  m
   a
4   b
Zmm t`m ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m
  m
rmjfkkminmn smrvhjm hitmrvba w`mi tf rmkfvm t`m wbtmr    N
erfk t`m euma ehatmr.

2) WJ[ bt
Affsmi t`m nrbhi (Htmk 2) WJ[  bt t`m dfttfk fe t`m ehatmr
mamkmit tf nrbhi biy wbtmr erfk t`m ehatmr.

Zmm t`m ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m

rmjfkkminmn smrvhjm hitmrvba w`mi tf rmpabjm t`m euma
ehatmr.
^f rmpabjm t`m euma ehatmr mamkmit, usm b ehatmr wrmij` tf
rmkfvm t`m ehatmr mamkmit WJ[
WJ[..
2
Jambi t`m brmb brfuin t`m ehatmr `fushic. \ut fha fi t`m
smba fe t`m imw ehatmr mamkmit. Histbaa t`m euma ehatmr, bin
`bin thc`tmi. Tmkfvm t`m bhr erfk t`m euma systmk.
Tmkfvhic Bhr Erfk t`m Euma Zystmk

Betmr rmpabjhic t`m euma ehatmr mamkmit fr w`mi t`m euma tbig
`bs rui fut fe euma, t`m bhr kust dm rmkfvmn erfk t`m euma :
systmk prhfr tf stbrthic t`m michim.

Affsmi t`m bhr vmit pauc (Htmk 4) WJ[

WJ[ bt
 bt t`m tfp fe t`m euma
ehatmr.
Fpmrbtm t`m prhkhic duad (Htmk :) WJ[
WJ[ uitha
 uitha euma eafws erfk
t`m vmit.
\‚2<0<:
^hc`tmi t`m bhr vmit pauc.
05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
 43 fe =<5
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80 ‚2‚2:‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

MICHIM A]DTHJB^HFI ZXZ^MK

J`mjghic Michim Fha

B
J`mjg t`m michim fha amvma mvmry nby.

Dmefrm stbrthic t`m michim efr t`m wfrg s`het, fpmi t`m rmbr :
2)  WB[..
nffr. Tmkfvm t`m nhpsthjg (Htmk 2) WB[

Gmmp t`m fha amvma dmtwmmi t`m kbrgs fi t`m nhpsthjg.

]sm b cffn qubahty kftfr fha t`bt kmmts B\H Zmrvhjm

Jabsshehjbthfi fe JJ, JN fr JM.
TMJFKKMINMN ZBM UHZJFZH^X I]KDMT 2
J¼ (A]DTHJB^HFI FHAZ EFT NHMZMA MICHIM JTBIGJBZM)
‚>< ‚:> ‚48 ‚4: ‚20 ‚2: ‚3 ‚2 +> +2< +2= +42 +43 +:4 +:0 +>: +>8

ZBM ><S fr 4<S‚=<

ZBM 2<S‚:<

ZBM 2=S‚><

ZBM :<S

* ZBM =S‚:<
ZBM 4<S‚4<   m
   a
  b
  s
ZBM 2<S   m
4    T
ZXI^@M^HJ FHA ]sm rmjfkkminbthfi erfk Zyit`mthj Fha Kecr.   r
  f
   e
   t
\‚2<0<:   f
‚>< ‚:< ‚4< ‚2< < +2< +4< +:< +>< += < +5< +3< +0< +8< +2<< +2
+22< +2
+24<    I
E¼
^MK\MTB^]TM TBICM BI^HJH\B^MN    -
  -
DMEFTM  IMP^ FHA J@BICM (NHMZMA MICHIMZ K]Z^ ]ZM B\H   y
JABZZHEHJB^HFI  JN, JE>, JC> )  D   p
  f
* Jbi dm usmn FIAX
FIAX w`mi
 w`mi bvbhabdam wht` bpprfprhbtm nhmsma rbthic.    J
  r
  m
   a
Tmpabjmkmit fe Fha bin Ehatmr   b
  m
   N
Zmm t`m ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m smrvhjm
hitmrvba efr rmpabjhic t`m michim fha bin ehatmr. 2

Tui t`m michim uitha ht hs bt fpmrbthic tmkpmrbturm. Ztfp

t`m michim.
Fpmi t`m rmbr nffr. Tmkfvm t`m nrbhi pauc (Htmk 4) WB[
WB[..
Nrbhi t`m fha hitf jfitbhimr.
\‚2<0<2
Tmkfvm t`m fha ehatmr (Htmk 2) WD[
WD[..

Jambi t`m ehatmr `fushic surebjm. \ut jambi fha fi t`m imw
fha ehatmr cbsgmt. Histbaa t`m ehatmr bin `bin thc`tmi fiay
fiay..

Histbaa bin thc`tmi t`m nrbhi pauc.

Tmkfvm t`m ehaamr jbp (Htmk :) WB[

WB[..
Bawbys jambi up sphaamn euma fr fha. Gmmp `mbt,
\ut 2< qts. (8,= A) fe fha hi t`m michim. eabkms, spbrgs fr ahc`tmn tfdbjjf bwby erfk
euma bin fha. Ebhaurm tf usm jbrm brfuin
Ztbrt t`m michim bin amt ht rui efr smvmrba khiutms. Ztfp t`m jfkdusthdams jbi jbusm mxpafshfi fr ehrm
michim.
immnmn J`mjg efr bt
he ht hs ift ambgs
t`mbin
tfp j`mjg t`mt`m
kbrg fi fha amvma.
anhpsthjg.
mvma. Bnn fha bs w`hj` jbi rmsuat hi hioury fr nmbt`. S‚42<:‚240=

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 Tmvhsmn Ouim
40 fe80
=<5 ‚2‚2>‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

JFFAHIC ZXZ^MK

Jambihic t`m Jffahic Zystmk

B
J`mjg t`m jffahic systmk mvmry nby tf prmvmit
fvmr‚`mbthic, afss fe pmrefrkbijm fr michim nbkbcm.

Smbr sbemty cabssms tf prmvmit mym hioury w`mi

biy fe t`m efaafwhic jfinhthfis mxhst?
\‚<352>
• S`mi eauhns brm uinmr prmssurm.
• Eayhic nmdrhs fr affsm kbtmrhba hs prmsmit.
• Michim hs ruiihic.
• ^ffas brm dmhic usmn.
D
S‚4<28‚240=

Tbhsm t`m rmbr crhaa WB[

WB[..

]sm bhr prmssurm fr wbtmr prmssurm tf jambi t`m tfp

jffamr (Htmk 2) WB[
`ynrbuahj/`ynrfstbthj systmk fha jffamr  WB[..
  m
   a
Tmkfvm t`m `bhr phi (Htmk 2) WD[
WD[ (dft`
 (dft` shnms) sf t`m fha 2   b
  s
jffamr jbi dm rbhsmn.   m
   T
Tbhsm t`m fha jffamr, usm bhr prmssurm fr wbtmr prmssurm tf   r
  f
   e
jambi t`m tfp fe t`m michim fha jffamr (Htmk 2) WJ[
WJ[..
   t
\‚<3520   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
J   p
  f
   J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
2    N

\‚<3523

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 48 fe =<5
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80 ‚2‚2=‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

BA^MTIB^FT DMA^

Bnousthic t`m Batmribtfr Dmat

B Z/I =2>>2=5<8 & Dmafw

Ztfp t`m michim.

2
Affsmi t`m batmribtfr kfuithic dfat (Htmk 2) WB[
WB[ fr
 fr WD[
WD[..

Affsmi t`m bnoustkmit dfat (Htmk 4) WB[

WB[ fr
 fr WD[
WD[..

\‚2<<03 \‚2<<8>

Kfvm t`m batmribtfr uitha t`m dmat `bs =/25 hij` (0,< kk)
kfvmkmit bt t`m khnnam fe t`m dmat spbi wht` 2= ads. (55
I) fe efrjm WB[
WB[ fr
 fr WD[
WD[..
D Z/I =2>>2=52< & Bdfvm

^hc`tmi t`m bnoustkmit bin kfuithic dfats.

2

  m
   a
4   b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚2<:=3 \‚2<:=0   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
  p
  f
   J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 :< fe80
Tmvhsmn Ouim =<5 ‚2‚25‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

@XNTB]AHJ/@XNTFZ^B^HJ ZXZ^MK

J`mjghic bin Bnnhic Eauhn

B
]sm fiay rmjfkkminmn eauhn hi t`m `ynrbuahj systmk.
(Zmm Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ , \bcm 8‚2.)

^f j`mjg t`m rmsmrvfhr, usm t`m efaafwhic prfjmnurm?

4
\ut t`m Dfdjbt afbnmr fi b amvma surebjm. Afwmr t`m ahet
brks bin that t`m Dfd‚^bj`
Dfd‚^bj` euaay dbjg.

Ztfp t`m michim.

Tmkfvm t`m nhpsthjg (Htmk 2) WB[

WB[..
2
\‚<3532

^`m eauhn amvma kust dm dmtwmmi t`m kbrgs fi t`m nhpsthjg

WD[..
WD[
D
Bnn eauhn bs immnmn tf drhic t`m amvma tf t`m tfp kbrg fi
t`m nhpsthjg WD[
WD[..

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚<353:   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
Tmpabjhic t`m @ynrbuahj/@ynrfstbthj Ehatmr
J   p
  f
Zmm t`m ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m jfrrmjt    J
smrvhjm hitmrvba.   r
  m
   a
4   b
Tbhsm t`m fpmrbtfr jbd. (Zmm \bcm 2‚3.)   m
   N
]sm b ehatmr wrmij` tf rmkfvm t`m ehatmr mamkmits (Htmks 2
& 4) WJ[
WJ[..

Jambi t`m surebjm fe t`m ehatmr `fushic w`mrm t`m mamkmit

smba jfitbjts t`m `fushic. \ut jambi fha fi t`m ruddmr smba 2
fe t`m ehatmr mamkmits.

Histbaa bin `bin thc`tmi t`m ehatmr mamkmits.

\‚<352:

05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr

 :2 fe =<5
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80 ‚2‚23‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

@XNTB]AHJ/@XNTFZ^B^HJ ZXZ^MK (Jfit‘n)

Tmpabjhic t`m @ynrbuahj Eauhn

B
Zmm t`m Zmrvhjm Zj`mnuam , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m smrvhjm
hitmrvba.

Tmpabjm t`m eauhn he ht dmjfkms jfitbkhibtmn fr betmr

kbofr rmpbhr.

Basf jambi t`m twf `ynrfstbthj kftfr jbsm nrbhi ehatmrs

t`frfuc`ay betmr b kbofr rmpbhr.

Tmkfvm t`m ehaa jbp. Tmkfvm t`m sjrmmi erfk t`m

rmsmrvfhr WB[
WB[.. Sbs` t`m sjrmmi hi jambi sfavmit bin bhr
nry.
\‚3534
Tbhsm t`m fpmrbtfr jbd. (Zmm \bcm 2‚3.)

Nhsjfiimjt t`m `fsm (Htmk 2) WD[WD[ erfk

 erfk t`m `ynrbuahj eauhn
rmsmrvfhr bin nrbhi t`m eauhn hitf b jfitbhimr.
D
Tmpabjm t`m twf ehatmr mamkmits. (Zmm \bcm 2‚23.)

Tmkfvm t`m jbsm nrbhi ehatmrs (Htmk 2) WJ[ & WN[

WN[ bin
 bin jambi
t`frfuc`ay wht` jambi sfavmit.
2
Histbaa t`m jbsm nrbhi ehatmrs bin thc`tmi baa t`m `fsms.
  m
   a
  b
  s

Bnn t`m jfrrmjt eauhn tf t`m rmsmrvfhr uitha t`m eauhn amvma hs   m
   T
tf t`m tfp kbrg fi t`m nhpsthjg. (Zmm \bcm 2‚23.)   r
  f
   e
   t
\‚358<   f
   I
  -
  -
AME^ JBZM NTBHI   y
J EHA^MT
  p
  f
   J
  r
Nhmsma euma fr `ynrbuahj eauhn uinmr prmssurm   m
   a
jbi pmimtrbtm sghi fr myms jbushic smrhfus
2   b
  m
hioury. Eauhn ambgs uinmr prmssurm kby ift dm    N
vhshdam. ]sm b phmjm fe jbrndfbrn fr wffn tf
ehin ambgs. Nf ift usm yfur dbrm `bin. Smbr
sbemty cfccams. He eauhn mitmrs sghi fr myms, cmt
hkkmnhbtm kmnhjba bttmithfi.
S‚4<3>‚240=
Bawbys jambi up sphaamn euma fr fha. Gmmp `mbt,
eabkms, spbrgs fr ahc`tmn tfdbjjf bwby erfk
euma bin fha. Ebhaurm tf usm jbrm brfuin
jfkdusthdams jbi jbusm mxpafshfi fr ehrm
\‚3522
w`hj` jbi rmsuat hi hioury fr nmbt`.
S‚42<:‚240=
THC@^ JBZM NTBHI
Afwmr t`m fpmrbtfr jbd. Ztbrt t`m michim bin fpmrbtm t`m
N EHA^MT
afbnmr `ynrbuahj jfitrfas. Ztfp t`m michim. J`mjg efr
ambgs. J`mjg t`m eauhn amvma hi t`m rmsmrvfhr bin bnn bs
immnmn.

\‚35<0
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
:4 fe80
Tmvhsmn Ouim =<5 ‚2‚20‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

^HTM KBHI^MIBIJM

S`mma Iuts
B
Zmm t`m Zmrvhjm Zj`mnuam , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m smrvhjm
hitmrvba tf j`mjg t`m w`mma iuts. ^`m jfrrmjt tfrqum hs
2<=‚22=
2<=‚2 tfrqum WB[..
2= et.‚ads. (2>4‚2=5 Ik) tfrqum WB[

^hrm Tftbthfi

J`mjg t`m thrms rmcuabray efr prmssurm, wmbr bin nbkbcm.

Tmjfkkminmn thrm prmssurm kust dm kbhitbhimn tf bvfhn

mxjmsshvm thrm wmbr bin afss fe stbdhahty bin `binahic
jbpbdhahty. J`mjg efr t`m jfrrmjt prmssurm dmefrm
fpmrbthic t`m afbnmr. Hieabtm tf kbxhkuk prmssurm s`fwi
fi shnmwbaa fe thrm. \‚35>8

Tmbr thrms usubaay wmbr ebstmr t`bi erfit thrms. ^f

^f gmmp thrm
wmbr mvmi, kfvm t`m erfit thrms tf t`m rmbr bin rmbr thrms
erfit WD[..
tf t`m erfit WD[
D
Ht hs hkpfrtbit tf gmmp t`m sbkm shzm thrms fi mbj` shnm fe
t`m afbnmr. He nheemrmit shzms brm usmn, mbj` thrm whaa dm
turihic bt b nheemrmit rbtm bin jbusm mxjmsshvm wmbr. ^`m
trmbn dbrs fe baa t`m thrms kust ebjm t`m sbkm nhrmjthfi.

^hrm Kfuithic
  m
   a
^hrms brm tf dm rmpbhrmn fiay dy bi but`frhzmn pmrsfi   b
  s
ushic t`m kust
bin rhks prfpmr prfjmnurms
bawbys bin sbemty
dm j`mjgmn mquhpkmit.
efr jfrrmjt ^hrms
shzm dmefrm   m
   T
kfuithic. J`mjg rhk bin thrm dmbn efr nbkbcm.   r
  f
   e
   t
^`m rhk eabicm kust dm jambimn bin ermm fe rust. ^`m thrm D‚8835   f
dmbn bin rhk eabicm kust dm audrhjbtmn wht` b ruddmr    I
  -
audrhjbit dmefrm kfuithic t`m thrm, bvfhn mxjmsshvm   -
prmssurm w`hj` jbi rupturm t`m thrm bin jbusm smrhfus   y
  p
hioury fr nmbt`. Nurhic hieabthfi fe t`m thrm, j`mjg t`m thrm   f
prmssurm ermqumitay tf bvfhn fvmr hieabthfi.    J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N

Nf ift hieabtm thrms bdfvm spmjhehmn prmssurm.

Ebhaurm tf usm jfrrmjt thrm kfuithic prfjmnurm
jbi jbusm bi mxpafshfi w`hj` jbi rmsuat hi
hioury fr nmbt`. S‚4<30‚240=

Hieabtm thrms tf t`m KBPHK]K prmssurm s`fwi

fi t`m shnmwbaa fe t`m thrm. NF IF^ khx drbins
fe thrms usmn fi t`m sbkm afbnmr.
H‚4<=3‚<38>
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
:: fe =<5 ‚2‚28‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

EHIBA NTHUM ^TBIZKHZZHFI (J@BHIJBZM)

J`mjghic bin Bnnhic Fha

B
^`m j`bhijbsm jfitbhis t`m ehiba nrhvm sprfjgmts bin 2
j`bhis bin usms t`m sbkm typm fe fha bs t`m
`ynrbuahj/`ynrfstbthj systmk. (Zmm Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ ,
\bcm 8‚2.)

^f j`mjg t`m j`bhijbsm fha amvma, usm t`m efaafwhic

prfjmnurm?

Nrhvm t`m afbnmr fi b amvma surebjm. Ztfp t`m michim.

2)  WB[
Tmkfvm t`m pauc (Htmk 2)  WB[   erfk t`m erfit fe t`m
j`bhijbsm `fushic.
\‚<352<
He fha jbi dm rmbj`mn wht` t`m thp fe t`m yfur ehicmr t`rfuc`
t`m `fam t`m fha amvma hs jfrrmjt.

He t`m amvma hs afw, bnn fha t`rfuc` t`m j`mjg pauc `fam uitha
D
t`m fha eafws erfk t`m `fam. Histbaa bin thc`tmi t`m pauc.

Tmkfvhic Fha Erfk t`m J`bhijbsm

^f nrbhi t`m fha erfk t`m j`bhijbsm, rmkfvm t`m jfvmr

2)  WD[
(Htmk 2)  WD[   fvmr t`m nrbhi pauc bt t`m rmbr fe t`m
j`bhijbsm.
2   m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚<2525   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
b jfitbhimr.
2)  WJ[ bin
Tmkfvm t`m nrbhi pauc (Htmk 2) WJ[  bin nrbhi t`m fha hitf
J   p
  f
   J
IF^M? S`mi histbaahic t`m nrbhi pauc hitf t`m   r
j`bhijbsm, bawbys usm b IMS nrbhi pauc.   m
   a
  b
  m
   N

\‚<2528
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
Tmvhsmn Ouim
:> fe80
=<5 ‚2‚4<‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

A]DTHJB^HFI FE ^@M DFDJB^ AFBNMT

\rfjmnurm
B
Audrhjbtm t`m afbnmr bs spmjhehmn hi t`m ZMTUHJM 
ZJ@MN]AM , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m
t`m dmst pmrefrkbijm fe t`m
afbnmr.
2
Tmjfrn t`m fpmrbthic `furs mbj` thkm yfu audrhjbtm t`m
Dfdjbt afbnmr.

Bawbys usm b cffn qubahty aht`huk dbsmn kuath‚purpfsm

crmbsm w`mi yfu audrhjbtm t`m afbnmr. Bppay t`m audrhjbit
uitha mxtrb crmbsm s`fws.
Audrhjbtm t`m efaafwhic afjbthfis fi t`m afbnmr?
\‚<35==
2. Tfn Min Ahet
Ahet Jyahin
Jyahinmr
mr (Dft`
(Dft` Zhnms) WB[..
Zhnms) WB[

4. Dbsm Min Ahet

Ahet Jyahinm
Jyahinmrr (Dft`
(Dft` Zhnms) WD[..
Zhnms) WD[ D

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚2<02=   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
:. Ahe
Ahett Brk \hvf
\hvftt \hi (Dft` Zhnms)) WJ[
(Dft` Zhnms  WJ[.. J   p
  f
   J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N
:

\‚<35:2

>. Dbs
Dbsm
m Min
Min ^hat
^hat Jya
Jyahin
hinmr WN[..
mr WN[
N
>

\‚<35>2
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
:= fe =<5 ‚2‚42‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

A]DTHJB^HFI FE ^@M DFDJB^ AFBNMT (Jfit‘n)

B
=. Tfn Min
Min ^hat
^hat Jyahinmr WB[
Jyahinmr WB[..

5. Dfd‚^
Dfd‚^bj` \hvft \hi (Dft` Zhnms) WB[
bj` \hvft WB[.. =

3. Dfd‚^
Dfd‚^bj`
bj` Smncm
Smncm (Dft` Zhnms) WB[..
Zhnms) WB[

5
3
\‚<35=:

0. 4=< @furs
@furs?? Ztmmrhic
Ztmmrhic Amvmr Z`bet (4) WD[..
(4) WD[ D
8. 4=< @furs?
@furs? Jmitm
Jmitmrhic
rhic drbjgmt
drbjgmt phvft phi WD[
phvft phi WD[.. 0

  m
   a
8   b
  s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚<35<8   f
   I
  -
EBI CMBTDFP   -
  y
J`mjghic bin Kbhitbhihic J   p
  f
   J
Zmm t`m ZMTUHJM ZJ@MN]AM , \bcm 2‚: efr t`m jfrrmjt   r
  m
   a
smrvhjm hitmrvba.
  b
  m
Tbhsm t`m fpmrbtfr jbd. (Zmm \bcm 2‚3.)    N
Cmbr Audm
Tmkfvm t`m pauc (Htmk 2) WJ[
WJ[ tf
 tf j`mjg t`m audrhjbit amvma. Amvma 2

S`mi j`mjghic t`m cmbrdfx audm amvma, kbgm surm t`m

amvma nfms ift cf bdfvm t`m jmitmr ahim
ah im fe t`m s`bet hi t`m
cmbrdfx WJ[
WJ[.. ]sm ZBM 8<S cmbr audm he t`m amvma hs afw.

\‚<3525
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
:5 fe =<5 ‚2‚44‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

TMKF^M Z^BT^ ZSH^J@

\rfjmnurm
B
^`m tffa ahstmn whaa dm immnmn tf nf t`m efaafwhic
prfjmnurm?

KMA2>48 B ‚ Tmkftm Ztbrt Zwhtj`

^`m Tmkftm Ztbrt Zwhtj` hs rmquhrmn w`mi t`m smrvhjm

tmj`ihjhbi hs bnousthic t`m stmmrhic ahigbcm, j`mjghic t`m
`ynrbuahj/`ynrfstbthj systmk.

Ahet bin dafjg t`m afbnmr. (Zmm \bcm 2‚>.)

2
Tbhsm t`m ahet brks bin histbaa bi bpprfvmn ahet brk suppfrt
nmvhjm. (Zmm \bcm 2‚5.) \‚<32<2

Tbhsm t`m fpmrbtfr jbd. (Zmm \bcm 2‚3.)

IF^M?? Fi jurrmit
IF^M jurrmit kfnma afbnmrs,
afbnmrs, t`m
t`m jfiimjtfr
jfiimjtfr fi D
t`m DHJZ `brimss hs rfuin (3‚phi) jfiimjtfr,
ift b rmjtbicuabr (0‚phi) jfiimjtfr. ]sm t`m 2
bnbptmr `brimss (Htmk 2) WB[ tf jfiimjt t`m
rmkftm stbrt swhtj` tf t`m afbnmr `brimss.
Nhsjfiimjt t`m fpmrbtfr jbd whrm `brimss (Htmk 2) WD[
erfk t`m michim whrm `brimss.
  m
   a
Jfiimjt t`m rmkftm stbrt swhtj` tf t`m michim `brimss   b
jfiimjtfrs (Htmk 2) WJ[
WJ[..   s
  m
   T
  r
  f
   e
   t
\‚<>3:4   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
J   p
  f
\ut objgstbins uinmr t`m erfit bxams bin rmbr
jfrimrs fe t`m erbkm dmefrm ruiihic t`m michim    J
  r
efr smrvhjm. Ebhaurm tf usm objgstbins jbi baafw   m
   a
t`m kbj`him tf ebaa fr kfvm bin jbusm hioury fr   b
nmbt`.   m
S‚4<23‚<405    N

2
2

Imvmr wfrg fi b kbj`him wht` t`m ahet brks up

uiamss t`m ahet brks brm smjurmn dy bi bpprfvmn
ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm. Ebhaurm tf usm bi
bpprfvmn ahet brk suppfrt nmvhjm jbi baafw t`m
ahet brks fr bttbj`kmit tf ebaa bin jbusm hioury
fr nmbt`. S‚4<=8‚<=80

\‚<>3=0
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
:3 fe =<5 ‚2‚4:‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

TMKF^M Z^BT^ ZSH^J@ (Jfit‘n)

05:,05:@ZmrvhjmKbiuba
05:@Zmrvhjm Kbiuba#534>388
#534>388‚
‚\rmvmithvmKbhitmibijm
KbhitmibijmZmjthfi
Zmjthfi

B
\rfjmnurm (Jfit‘n) 2
\ut t`m trbjthfi afjg fvmrrhnm swhtj` (Htmk 2) WB[
WB[ hi
 hi t`m
FI pfshthfi sf t`m trbjthfi euijthfi hs afjgmn. ^`m
w`mmas brm ift bdam tf turi.

^uri t`m gmy tf t`m rhc`t bin stbrt t`m michim.

\‚<>32:

Kfvm t`m trbjthfi afjg fvmrrhnm swhtj` (Htmk 2) WD[

WD[ tf
 tf t`m
FEE pfshthfi sf t`m trbjthfi euijthfi hs uiafjgmn. ^`m
w`mmas brm ifw bdam tf turi.
D
2
^`m buxhahbry kfnm swhtj` (Htmk 4) WD[
WD[ hs
 hs usmn tf turi t`m
erfit buxhahbry quhjg jfupamrs FI bin FEE nurhic rmahme
prmssurm bin eafw tmsts.

  m
   a
  b
  s
  m
   T
  r
4   f
   e
   t
\‚<>32>   f
   I
  -
  -
  y
  p
  f
   J
  r
  m
   a
  b
  m
   N
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
:0 fe80
Tmvhsmn Ouim =<5 ‚2‚4>‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
 

@XNTB]AHJ ZXZ^MK
\bcm
Iukdmr
DHJZℤ JFI^TFA UBAUM
Tmkfvba Bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚4=
@XNTB]AHJ
DHJZℤ UBAUM BZZMKDAX ZXZ^MK
DHJZℤ U  Ub
bavm Zfamifhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:2
J`mjg Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚48
Ahet Brk Dy‚\bss Frhehjm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚40
Afjg Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:<
JFI^TFA \MNBAZ
\mnba Bnoustkmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚3>
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚3>

@XNTB]AHJ JFI^TFA UBAUM

Bith‚Jbvhtbthfi/\frt Tmahme Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:8
Buxhahbry Mamjtrhj Zfamifhn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>0
Buxhahbry Zpffa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>3
Nhsbssmkday bin Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:3
@ \frt ‚ Buxhahbry Zmjthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>8
Hnmithehjbthfi J`brt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:5
Hispmjthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>8   m
   a
Ahet Dbsm Min Tmstrhjtfr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:3   b
  s
A
AhfetbZ
n pJf`fma jbgin
UbNavmmtm.i.t . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4
4‚
‚>
:43   m
   T
  r
Kbhi Tmahme Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:0   f
   e
\frt Tmahme Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:8    t
  f
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:4    I
  -
Tuddmr Dfft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>2   -
Zpffa Zmba Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=<   y
  p
^hat Zpffa bin Jmitmrhic Zprhic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>5   f
   J
  r
@XNTB]AHJ JXAHINMT   m
   a
  b
Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚2:   m
Nhsbssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚22    N
Ahet Jyahinmr Hnmithehjbthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚8
^hat Jyahinmr Hnmithehjbthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚2<

@XNTB]AHJ EHA^MT @F]ZHIC

Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚3:

@XNTB]AHJ EA]HN TMZMTUFHT

Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚32

@XNTB]AHJ \]K\
Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=3
J`mjghic t`m Futput fe t`m \ukp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=2
Nhsbssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=>
Hispmjthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=5
\brts Hnmithehjbthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=:
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=4
 05:, 05:@ Dfdjbt Afbnmr
:8 fe =<5 ‚4‚2‚ Zmrvhjm Kbiuba
Tmvhsmn Ouim 80
 

@XNTB]AHJ ZXZ^MK (Jfit‘n)

\bcm
Iukdmr

@XNTB]AHJ \]K\ (Nfudam Cmbr) 05:@

Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚50
J`mjghic t`m Futput fe t`m @hc` Eafw \ukp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=8
Nhsbssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚5:
Hispmjthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚53
\brts Hnmithehjbthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚54
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚5<
@XNTB]AHJ ZXZ^MK HIEFTKB HIEFTKB^HFI ^HFI
^hc`tmi \rfjmnurm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚>

@XNTFZ^B^HJ EHA^MT @F]ZHIC

Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚34
@ynrfstbthj J`brcm \rmssurm Zminmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚34

AHE^ JXAHINMT(Z)
J`mjghic t`m Ahet Jyahinmr(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚=

AHE^ BTK DX‚\BZZ JFI^TFA UBAUM   m

   a
  b
Nhsbssmkday Bin Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚4>   s
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚4:   m
   T
  r
  f
   e
KBHI TMAHME UBAUM    t
J`mjghic t`m Kbhi Tmahme Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚25   f
   I
J`mjghic t`m Kbhi Tmahme Ubavm Sht`fut Buxhahbrhms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚23   -
  -
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚20   y
Bnoustkmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚20   p
  f
   J
\MNBA HI^MTAFJG AHIGBCM   r
  m
   a
\mnba Hitmrafjg Ahigbcm Bnoustkmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚35   b
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚3=   m
   N

TMBT B]PHAHBTX NHUMT^MT

Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚33

HNihsspbmsjstmhfkida.y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚33
Zfamifhn ^msthic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚33

ZMAMJ^ UBAUM 05:@

J`mjghic t`m @hc` Eafw \ukp Tmahme Ubavm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚28
Nhsbssmkday bin Bssmkday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚42
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚4<
Zfamifhn ^msthic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚44

^HA^ JXAHINMT
^HA^
J`mjghic t`m ^hat Jyahinmr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚3
Tmkfvba bin Histbaabthfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚3
Tfn Min Zmba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚0

^TF]DAMZ@FF^HIC
J`brt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4‚:

^HC@^MI BAA @BTNSBTM \MT ZH_M ^F CTBNM = ^FTR]M (ZMM

Z^BINBTN ^FTR]M Z\MJHEHJB^HFIZ EFT DFA^Z, ZMJ^HFI 8)
]IAMZZ F^@MTSHZM Z\MJHEHMN.