CHAPTER 1

LISTENING SECTION
Listen to the audio carefully!
Based on the audio, fill the table with T for the TRUE statements and with F for the
FALSE statements!
STATEMENTS T/F
1. This is an English course.
2. There are three classes every week.
3. The class begins in May.
4. There is a book for the course.
5. The students need the teacher's book.
6. Photocopies of the book are not allowed.
7. The first class is next Monday.
8. The next class is on Tuesday.
9. Lindsay Black is one of the students
10. From the entrance turn left to find the class

READING SECTION
MODAL
Modal verbs are helping/auxiliary verbs that express ideas like willingness, ability,
necessity, and prohibition. The examples of modal verbs are must, shall, should, would,
can, could, may, might, will.
They are always followed by the simple form of a verb. For example, I must go, You
should drink, we can see, etc.

Modal: Asking permission

The modal verbs (or modals for short) of permission are can, could and may. These
verbs are used to politely ask for permission, to make a request, and to offer help to
someone. To ask permission, commonly we use interrogative form.

These expressions are commonly used in asking permission:

May I use your phone?
May I go to the toilet?
Excuse me, could I sit here, please?
Could you tell me the way to the town center, please?
Can I have a drink?
Can I borrow your pen, please?
Can I open the window?

Modal: Giving permission

We can use modal verbs ‘can’ and ‘may’ (but NOT ‘could‘) to express permission. ‘May‘ is
a more formal and polite way of saying that, while ‘can‘ is used in less formal situations.
You can come with us.
Students can sit anywhere.
You may go home now, if you like.
Students may travel free

Giving and Asking Permission. Dialogue 1.

Rika: Helen told me you've got a new book. What book is it?
Dina: It is about reformation. I'll finish it tonight.
Rika: May I borrow it?
Dina: Sure. You can have it before I go to the college, tomorrow morning.
Rika: Do you mind if I return it on Friday?
Dina: Not at all. You can return it anytime. I have some other interesting books. You can
see them.
Rika: Well then, May I borrow more than one book? and return them on Sunday or
Monday?
Dina: No problem. But do not lend them to anybody else.
Rika: Of course not.
Dina: I mean one can borrow the books with my permission.
Rika: I understand. You are really a nice person.

Modal Verb of Certainty

Certainty can be expressed with Modal verb of will, must, and can't/couldn't
When we believe that a future event is certain to occur, we use will:
 They will win, they have brought so much effort
 I will definitely attend the meeting, don't worry
To express certainty in the present, we use must, can’t and couldn’t
 I can’t find my keys. They must be here somewhere because I used them to open
the front door.
 The doorbell is ringing. It must be my uncle coming
 You have eaten so many dishes. You can’t be still hungry

Modal: Expressing Possibility

We use these modals to describe a possible action, to talk about the possibility, or to
express uncertainty in the present and future. There are three common modal verb of
possibility those are may, might, and could.
Example:
Don’t eat that mushroom. It could be poisonous.
It’s cold outside. It may snow later on.
Joe said tomorrow is his holiday. He might come to our party tomorrow.
Your daughter is really smart. She could be very successful someday

INVITATION
Definition of Invitation
a spoken or written request to somebody to do something or to go somewhere
Social Function
The social function of invitation is to invite someone to attend an event or to do an
activity
Making, Accepting, or Declining Invitation
The following are expressions to make an invitation:
 Could you come to my house to have lunch with me?
 Please come to my birthday party next Saturday
 I am wondering if you could attend the seminar
 Would you like to attend my brother’s graduation party?
 I would be very happy if you could come and see my live performance
 We would be happy if you can be a guest star at my wedding celebration
The following are the ways to respond to an invitation:
Accepting Invitation Declining Invitation
Thank you very much for inviting me Thank you for inviting me, but I’ve
another event
We would like to attend the party I am really sorry. I’m afraid I can’t
It will be my pleasure to be your guest Forgive me. I don’t think I can attend it
star
We are looking forward to the celebration I wish I could attend, but I cannot.

Example:
Dialogue 1
Hilton: Hi Tom! I’ve been looking for you
Tom: Hi Hilton, what’s going on?
Hilton: I would like to invite you to come to my party this Friday
Tom: Oh, sure! Thank you for inviting me. It will be my pleasure to be your party guest

Dialogue 2
Ms. Lina: Good morning, sir. Can I have a minute, please?
Mr. Gary: Yes, take your time Ms.
Ms. Lina: I am wondering if you could attend my wedding celebration tomorrow. I
would be very happy if you could
Mr. Gary: Congratulation! However, thank you for the invitation. I would come. We are
looking forward to the celebration.
Ms. Lina: Thank you, sir

Dialogue 3
Bima: Tara, do you like barbecue?
Tara: Yes, I like it so much
Bima: I and my family plan to hold a barbecue party in my backyard.
Tara: That sounds great!
Bima: Yes. I’ll invite other neighbors, too. Could you come over on Friday at 7 p.m.?
Tara: Oh, this Friday? I’d love to, but I can’t. I’m sorry, I have a meeting with my client.
Bima: It’s okay, Tara. We can invite you again next time

Exercise
Fill the dialogue with the correct statement!
 invite you to my birthday party on Sunday
 I’d love to come. What time?
 Hi, Vera. How are you
 See you, Shania!
 Great! See you, Vera!

Shania: (1)_______________________?
Vera: Hi, Shania. I’m fine
Shania: I would like to (2)________________________
Vera: Oh, okay. (3)_________________________?
Shania: At 4 p.m. I invited Ola and Joana, too.
Vera: Alright. I’ll come over with them.
Shania: (4)___________________!
Vera: (5)__________________!

Let’s Write!
Make two invitation dialogues! For each dialogue use:
a. Accepting response
b. Declining response

SPEAKING SECTION
Present the dialogue in front of the class confidently!
 CHAPTER 2

LISTENING SECTION
Listen to the following dialogue and fill the blank!

A: (1)_________, the session is starting in five minutes!

B: Coming, coming! (2)________ look for my notebook. I had it a minute ago. I must have
dropped it (3)_________ around here...
A: (4)__________ you lost it again! ...Wait, here it is, under the desk. (5)__________ there, it'll
be faster. Come on, let's go!
B: Oksana, (6)__________! The opening is probably not going to be that important.
(7)__________ to be there for the core part of the session.
A: I know, but you know me, I want to be there from (8)___________ to the very end.
B: Oh no! I told Mike that I would call him when we go to this! He said he wanted to
come! I (9)____________!
A: That's what I thought would happen…and so I already called him (10)___________. He
said he'll meet us at the student union. He's (11)___________ already by now.
B: Wow, Oksana, I've got to give it to you, you really are (12)__________, aren't you?
A: I am, and you're (13)____________right now, so hurry up!
B: Okay, I'm ready now, let's go!

READING SECTION
IMPERATIVE (Giving Command, Instruction, and Prohibition)
Giving Command and Instruction
We command or use instructions to tell someone how to do something
The Basic Structure:
V1 + Object
 Brush your teeth before sleeping!
 Sit down, please!
 Clean the whiteboard!
 Chop the vegetables!
 Fry the fish in a hot frying pan!

Giving Prohibition
An expression to warn others not to do something or forbid.
  You can't wear a hat while in class
 You may not wear sandals in school
 Don't step on the grass
 You must not play here
 Don't be late again
 No parking
 Don't disturb

Dialogue 1
A: Hey, look at the deers over there!
B: Wow, there are a lot of deer there. There are some fawns too.
A: Let's go over to the deers to have a closer look.
B: I don't think we can get close to the deer.
A: Why?
B: There is a prohibition written on the fence, "Don't go near the deer"
A: I didn't read it earlier. Then we can only see it from here.

Dialogue 2
Valerie: Do you ever join guitar course?
Kent: Yes, I do, I ever join the piano course at Yamaha Music Foundation
Valerie: Great! Play one song with your guitar for me, please.
Kent: I’ll do, but you must sing!
Valerie: Oh no, I am shy, better let’s sing together!
Kent: Ok, open the book behind you! There are many kind new songs
Valerie: Ok

WRITING SECTION
Procedure Text
Definition of Procedure Text
There are definitions about procedure text:
(1) Texts that explain how something works or how to use instruction/operation
manuals. Example: How to use a smartphone
(2) Texts that instruct how to do a particular activity. Example: How to make a
cheesecake
(3) Texts that deal with human behaviour. Example: How to live happily, how to
succeed
Generic Structure of Procedure Text
- Goal/aim. It usually lies on title part. Example: How to make spaghetti
- Material or Ingredient. Things that required to reach the goal. Example: The
ingredient to cook omelette are egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc.
 - Step. The actions that must be taken to reach the goal. Example: First, wash the
tomatoes, onion, and other ingredients. Second, cut the onions becomes slice.
Purpose of Procedure Text
– To explain how to make, operate, do something through a sequence of actions or
steps.
– To show how something is made, used, or done through a sequence of actions or
steps
Language Feature of Procedure Text
– Using Simple Present Tense.
– Using imperative sentence or command. Example: Put the noodles on the…, Cut the
onion, Wash the tomatoes
– Use adverbial of sequence/conjunction. Example: First, second, after that, then,
finally, last
– Using adverbials to express detail the time, place, manner accurately. Example: For
five minutes, for an hour, well, slowly, powerfully, etc.

TEXT 1
HOW TO MAKE SCRAMBLED EGG

Let’s learn how to make yummy scrambled eggs at your home with this easy recipe!
Ingredients:
 2 eggs
 Milk (if desired)
 1 teaspoon of butter
 A pinch of salt and pepper
Steps:
1. First, crack the eggs into a small bowl and add a pinch of salt and pepper. Whisk
until all well blended.
2. In a frying pan, add butter and let it melt.
3. Pour the eggs and milk, and for around 20 seconds, do not stir it.
4. After that, fold the eggs to the center and stir with spatula.
5. Repeat the previous step until all the eggs are mostly cooked
6. Remove eggs from heat, and keep continue to fold and stir the eggs for around a
minute.
7. Lift the eggs, put on the serving plate and your scrambled eggs are ready.
TEXT 2
HOW TO JOIN I.S.S.A
- Would you like to join international social security association I.S.S.A.? The
procedure for joining I.S.S.A is simple.
- Contact the I.S.S.A general secretariat in Jenewa either online, by phone, or by
mail for your application.
- The secretariat would provide you with any further information you need and
guide you through the application process before you pay your membership.
- As an independent international organization, I.S.S.A is financed by member
contributions.
- For further information about cost of membership for your organization, please
email a consultant via the I.S.S.A website, w.w.w.issa.imt-joint.com or contact the
I.S.S.A general secretariat at 041-22799-6617

Compare between text 2 and text 1

Text 1 Text 2

Purpose

The structure

The Language Features

Conclusion

Let’s Write!
Make a procedure text with theme “How to use ….”. You can choose one of this theme

a.

b.

c.
SPEAKING SECTION
Present your writing in front of the class confidently!
 CHAPTER 3
LISTENING SECTION
Task 1
Based on the audio, group these sentences into the False and the True statements!
STATEMENTS
1. The man is completely lost
2. The woman is giving direction to the man
3. The woman was looking for the art museum
4. It will take ages if you walk to the art museum
5. The best thing for the woman is to take a taxi
6. The bus can be taken at the Royal Restaurant
False True
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………

Task 2
Arrange the instruction to reach Royal Hotel
…… Go over the junction, keep going straight
…… Go down that street to the end, then turn right
…… Take the first left
…… Go on until you see a junction with traffic lights
…… You’ll see a bus stop on your left

READING SECTION
Victoria Falls is one of the most impressive waterfalls on the planet. It is located
along the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia, two countries in southern Africa. There, the
Zambezi River takes a plunge, forming the giant “sheet” of falling water. Victoria Falls is
considered to be the largest waterfall in the world. And no wonder – it’s about one mile
wide and 360 feet high!
This amazing sheet of falling water can be heard from miles away. The spray and
mist from the waterfall can be seen from many miles away, too. In fact, local tribes first
called the waterfall “Mosi-oa-Tunya.” That means “the smoke that thunders.” But the
falls received another name in 1855. That year, a Scottish explorer came across the
waterfall. His name was David Livingstone. He named it Victoria Falls after Queen
Victoria, who was ruling Great Britain at the time.
The mist caused by the falls also supports the surrounding environment. Around
the waterfall is a rainforest-like ecosystem. Many species of trees, plants, and animals
thrive there. If you travel there, you may catch a glimpse of the many different raptor
species nearby, like falcons and black eagles. You may even spot elephants in the
national parks on both sides of the river!
 Today, the site is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World. Hundreds of
thousands of people make the trip to Victoria Falls each year. They hope to see the
spectacular “smoke that thunders” in person.

Exercise
1. Examine the best title for the text!
2. Examine the kind of the text!
3. Examine the main idea of the text!
4. Conclude about the ecosystem around the waterfall based on this information?
5. Why do hundreds of thousands of people go to see Victoria Falls each year?

Prepositions of Direction
Prepositions of direction tell us about the way which a person or thing moves or is
directed, in relation to other people and things

INTO:
Into indicates a motion towards/going inside something.
Example:
She fell into a pond
He came into the house.
The police broke into the office

OUT OF:
Out of means the opposite of into. It indicates a motion towards outside of something.
Example:
He is going out of the town.
Get out of my house.
Let’s think out of the box

THROUGH:
Through indicates a motion in the middle of something.
Example:
We drove through the tunnel.
They came through a forest.
He walked through the door.

FROM
From indicates the point of place at which a motion, journey, or action starts.
Example:
He came from England.
We walked from the beach to the farm.
He drove here from Atlanta.
TOWARDS:
Towards means a motion in the direction of something literary or metaphorically.
Example:
Take five steps towards the post and stand there.
They moved towards the Labour Party.
I walked towards the car when you were standing.

Exercise
Fill the blank with the correct preposition of direction! (into, out of, from, through,
towards)
1. Glenn almost fell _________ the river.
2. Sarah took the bus that was heading __________ the university
3. I jumped ___________ my car and walk across the road
4. He saw me running ___________ him
5. We have to walk __________ here for 15 minutes
6. We love cycling __________ the villages.

WRITING SECTION
Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense is used to express an activity that is in progress at the
moment of speaking. It began in the recent past, is continuing at present, and will
probably end at some point in the future.

Patterns
(+) S + is/am/are + V – ing + O/C
(-) S + is/am/are + not + V – ing + O/C
(?) is/am/are + S + V – ing + O/C ?

“Is” is used for SHE, HE, IT

“Are” is used for YOU, THEY, WE
“Am” is used for I

Present continuous tense uses V-ing on its sentence. Here are some lists of Verb ing :
Present Continuous Tense POSITIVE
- I am writing a letter
- She is drawing the view
- It is snowing in Europe
- You are running now
- They are coming to my house

Exercise
Write the correct form of verbs with the full sentences!
1. The students (study) English now
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Listen! Juliet (sing) a song
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Be quiet! The students (have) an examination
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. The children (watch) the television
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Present Continuous Tense NEGATIVE and Interrogative

- You are not running now
- She is not drawing the view
- Is it snowing in Europe?
- Am I writing a letter?
- They are not visiting my house

Exercise
Write the correct form of verbs with the full sentences!
1. My mother (not cook) in the kitchen now
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. (be) you (work) at the central bank?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. She (not read) a book, but she (write) a letter
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. (be) Alan Walker (come) to our city?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Example:
(+) They are staying at a hotel.
(-) They are not staying at a hotel
(?) Are they staying at a hotel?

(+) I am going to my school

(-) I am not going to my school
(?) Am I going to my school?

(+) My uncle is sending a message to his wife

(-) My uncle is not sending a message to his wife
(?) Is my uncle sending a message to his wife?

(+) The boys are playing volleyball

(-) The boys are not playing volleyball
(?) Are the boys playing volleyball?

Fill the table with the correct structure of Present Continuous Tense!
(+) (-) (?)
……… ……… Are you watching the
movie?
We are having fun today ……… ………
……… The cat is not eating the ………
carrot

Let’s write!
Make a short composition telling what are you doing at the moment!

SPEAKING SECTION
Present your writing in front of the class confidently!
 CHAPTER 4
LISTENING SECTION
Task 1
Listen and match the statements to the speaker: Francesco (the man) or Sachiko (the
woman) to complete the sentences!
Statements The speaker
1. ……… runs across the street
2. ……… is going to buy tickets for the play.
A. Francesco
3. ……… can’t go to the play this Friday
4. ……… is a musician
5. ……… isn’t happy about the situation
6. Two weeks ago ……… had tickets to the cinema
B. Sachiko
7. ……… likes dance shows
8. ……… suggests that they go out to dinner.

Task 2
Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box!
go next Friday next Friday the theatre on Friday
out for dinner I forgot free then

1. I can’t go to ………………………………
2. How about ……………………………
3. Are you ………………………………?
4. I can definitely ………………………………
5. Why don’t we go ………………………………?
6. I’m sorry, ……………………………

READING SECTION
More people in the United States have allergies today compared with decades ago.
Allergies are bad reactions to things around you or that you eat.

In 2010, more than half of Americans were sensitive to at least one allergen. That was
the finding of one survey by the National Institutes of Health. Allergens are things that
set off allergies. Many allergens—such as dust and mold—are found in the air.

“Allergies [are] increasing over time,” said Andy Nish. He is a doctor from Georgia.
Allergens in the air aren’t the only problem. Kids’ food allergies have risen too. Between
1997 and 2007, the number of kids with food allergies jumped 18 percent. Eating milk
products and eggs can give some children rashes. Those foods can even cause some
people to have trouble breathing.
What’s behind the spread of allergies? Some scientists think our immune systems don’t
have enough to do. Immune systems help our bodies fight germs. But many kids today
come in contact with fewer germs than their grandparents did. That’s in part because
they grow up in environments with fewer germs such as cleaner homes and smaller
families. Experts say that when our immune systems have fewer germs to fight, they can
get confused. They attack other things, such as milk that we drink, instead.

Other scientists say hotter temperatures are to blame. They say the weather is warmer
for longer periods now, so plants bloom longer. Plants release pollen, which is a
common allergen.

Doctors do not know for sure what’s making allergies increase. But they do know how
to treat them with medicine. “There is very good treatment for allergies,” Nish says. “No
one should suffer with symptoms.”

Take Cover!
Dust and other allergens that float into your nose are in for a blast—a cough or a sneeze,
that is! Both are natural reflexes, or responses, to help keep you from getting sick.
Here’s a look at the big bursts.

Sneeze

Sneezes start at the back of your throat. Each quick burst can force out up to 40,000
droplets of saliva. The tiny droplets travel at up to 300 miles per hour.

Cough
Coughs come out of your lungs. Each blast can push out 3,000 saliva droplets as fast as
50 miles per hour. Enough air comes out to almost fill a two-liter bottle.

Exercise!
1. Examine the main idea of the text!
2. Based on the text, conclude about the increase of allergies in the future!
3. Examine the role of the immune system to allergies?
4. ‘There is very good treatment for allergies,’ Nish says. ‘No one should suffer with
symptoms.’ As used in the text, what does “symptoms” mean?

WRITING SECTION
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Present Perfect Tense is a grammatical combination of present tense and perfect aspect
which is used to express past events that have present consequences.

Verbal Present Perfect Tense Nominal Present Perfect Tense

S + have/has + Verb 3 + O
Example :
- I have seen that film before.
- She has lived in Paris for years
- Have you ever met me before?
S + have/has + been + Adv/Adj/N
Example :
- He has been here since 8 o’clock
- I have been a teacher since a decade ago.

‘Have’ is used for the subject I, You, They, We or plural subject

‘Has’ is used for subject She, He, It or singular subject

Fill these blanks with Have/has! Number one has been done for you

1. Lisa ____ bought a new television

2. You ____ asked for the solution
3. I ____ talked once
4. The students ____ cleaned the class
5. It ___ rained heavily
6. Nancy and I ___ swum since childhood

Present perfect tense uses past participle form of Verb (Verb 3). Here are some forms of
verb
Fill these blanks with the past participle verb! Number one has been done for you

1. My family has moved (move) to Indonesia since 5 years ago

2. I ________ (pay) the bill already.
3. We ________ (borrow) her book several times.
4. Marta ________ (send) his homework.
5. I _______ (be) here for 2 hours
6. You _______ (play) this music before
7. She _______ (be) a doctor since 2010
8. The seller _______ (close) the shop recently

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE with ADVERB OF TIME

Present perfect with "for" and "since"
For + a period of time, for example:
for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours
 - I have worked here for five years.
- Alice has been married for three months.

Since + a point in time, example:

since this morning, since last week, since yesterday, since 2 o'clock
- I have worked here since 1990.
- They have been at the hotel since last Tuesday.

Adverbials which refer to the recent past:

recently just already before ever
Example:
Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey.
We have just got back from our holidays.
You have already done your homework
I have never seen him before.

Exercise
Fill the blank with one of these adverbials time!

Ever For
Before Since
Already Just
1. Have you ____ been in a helicopter?
2. I have ____ met Katy several times ago. She's in the kitchen now
3. We have taught at this school _____ 1965.
4. I have submitted the homework ______.
5. Nisa has been my best friend _____ ten years.

Present Perfect Tense (Positive, Negative, Interrogative)

(+) S + have/has + verb 3 + Object + Adverb of time
(-) S + have/has + not + verb 3 + Object + Adverb of time
(?) Have/has + S + verb 3 + Object + Adverb of time +?

Example:
(+) They have stayed at a hotel.
(-) They have not stayed at a hotel
(?) Have they stayed at a hotel?

(+) You have gone to my school

(-) You have not gone to my school
(?) Have you gone to my school?

(+) My uncle has sent a message to his wife

(-) My uncle has not sent a message to his wife
(?) Has my uncle sent a message to his wife?

(+) The boys have played volleyball

(-) The boys have not played volleyball
(?) Have the boys played volleyball?

Exercise

Write a correct sentence from these past participle verbs!

1. Drive (+) = ________________________________________

2. See (-) = ________________________________________
3. Run (?) = ________________________________________
4. Give (+) = ________________________________________
5. Find (-) = ________________________________________
6. Win (?) = _____________________________________

Let’s Write!
Write your experience as a student of MIMNU Pucang Sidoarjo by using Present Perfect
Tense and Adverb of Time

SPEAKING SECTION
Retell your writing in front of the class confidently!
 CHAPTER 5
LISTENING SECTION
Listen to the audio then answer the question correctly!
1. What time does the man really get up in the morning?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is the man going to do in the kitchen?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why does the man check his email?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does the man usually eat?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What does the man's bedroom look like?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
6. What does the man have under his bed?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What time does the man go to bed?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
8. What is his friend's advice for the man?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

TAG QUESTION
A tag question is a special construction in English. It is a statement followed by a mini-
question. We use tag questions to ask for confirmation. They mean something like: "Is
that right?" or "Do you agree?"

The rule of tag question

The positive statement is followed by a negative tag.
 You are Reno, aren’t you?
 Positive Statement = “You are Reno”
 Negative tag = “aren’t you?”
The negative statement is followed by a positive tag.
 Nobita doesn’t like avocado, does he?
 Negative statement “Nobita doesn’t like avocado”
 Positive tag “does he?”
Using the personal pronoun
 Nobita is your classmate, isn’t he?
 Upin and Ipin are siblings, aren’t they?
Giving comma after the statement
 He is seventeen years old, is he?
 The birds fly to the westside, do they?
Using abbreviation in the word of ‘Not’
 will not = won’t
 have not = haven’t
  are not = aren’t

The basic structure of a tag question is:

positive statement negative tag

Snow is white, isn't it?

Isaac has bought a new phone Hasn’t he?

You can move the table over there Can’t you?

Negative statement Positive tag

The cats did not look for food Did they?

We will not be late will we?

Jenna is not going to report us is she?

Exercise
Fill the blank with the correct structure of tag question!
1. You haven't seen this film, have ______?
2. _______ lives in Spain, doesn't she?
3. He can’t drive a car, ______ he?
4. You will be there, ______?
5. We have ever met before, ______?
6. Joni and Sally don't like me, ______?
7. They aren't serious, _____?
8. Yesterday _____ so much fun, wasn't it?
9. _______ need to finish this today, do I?
10. _______ hear me, couldn't they?

Add the correct question tags to the following conversation!

Sonny : Hi Joss, what are you doing here?
Jossy : Hi, I’m taking my sister to buy a new shirt. What about you?
Sonny : Well, I’m just looking around. I heard that your sister is going to graduate this
year, __________?
Jossy : Yes, She is. You will come to her graduation party, __________?
Sonny : Of course, I promise to come to the party.
Jossy : Thanks. By the way, you are still going to look around, __________?
Sonny : No, I think. You are hungry, _____________? Let’s have some meal at the café!
Jossy : Ok. You will treat me after that, ____________?
Sonny : Don’t worry
Jossy : Great!

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE DEGREE

Comparatives and superlatives are special types of adjectives used when comparing
two or more things.

What is a Comparative?
Comparative Adjectives are words used to describe a noun by comparing it to another
noun. The way we form comparative adjectives is based on the number of syllables in
the adjective and whether or not the adjective ends with the letter ‘y’.
Example:
 I am faster than my friend.
 Arizona is hotter than Alaska.

What is a Superlative?
Superlative Adjectives are words used to describe a noun when comparing it to two or
more nouns to the highest or lowest degree. Think: big, bigger, biggest, or small,
smaller, smallest.
Example:
 She is the tallest student.
 That was the shortest movie in the series.

Exercise
Identify the comparative and superlative adjectives in the sentences below. Select one
from the options!
1. Lucas is (old/oldest/older) than Lily.
2. The (young/younger/youngest) girl among them is my sister
3. Alaska is (cold/colder/coldest) than Florida.
4. My brother is the (annoying/most annoying/ more annoying) person I’ve ever
met.
5. I thought my rank was the (high/higher/highest) among my friends.
6. This is the (good/better/best) birthday party ever!

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

One Syllable Adjectives

Big Bigger Biggest

Tall Taller Tallest

Small Smaller Smallest

Hot Hotter Hottest

Two Syllable Adjectives

Happy Happier Happiest

Crazy Crazier Craziest

Nervous More/Less Nervous Most/Least Nervous

Massive More/Less Massive Most/Least Massive

Quiet Quieter or More/Less Quiet Quietest or Most/Least Quiet

Three or More Syllable Adjectives

Mysterious More/Less Mysterious Most/Least Mysterious

Complicated More/Less Complicated Most/Least Complicated

Wonderful More/Less Wonderful Most/Least Wonderful

Beautiful More Beautiful Most Beautiful

Irregular Adjectives

Good Better Best

Bad or Ill Worse Worst

Little (Amount) Less Least

Far (Distance) Farther Farthest

Many or Much More Most

Let’s Write!
Write a paragraph contains COMPARATIVE and SUPERLATIVE sentences from the
picture below!

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SPEAKING SECTION
Present your writing in front of the class confidently!