Deliverable T3.3.

Summary report of participatory

back-casting process
Responsible Partner

Agency for Rural Development of Istria Ltd Pazin

AZRRI (PP5)

20/12/2021
BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION:
PROGRAMME CALL: INTERREG V-B Adriatic-Ionian ADRION
Project Acronym ECOVINEGOALS
Project Number: 866
Programme Priority Axis: 2
Start – End Date: 01.03.2020 – 31.08.2022
Total budget: EUR 1 939 505.59
ERDF: 1 399 759.25 IPA: 248 820.5
Lead Partner Organisation: LAG Eastern Venice, Italy
Url: www.ecovinegoals.interregadrion.eu

DOCUMENT INFORMATION
Lead Author Business start-up centre Bar (PP8)

Contributors -
Dissemination
PP
Level

© ECOVINEGOALS/ADRION CONSORTIUM
month, year

Disclaimer: This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the EU.
The content of the presentation is the sole responsibility of the ECOVINEGOALS/Adrion
project partners and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position
of the EU and or ADRION program authorities.

2
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
Project Summary
ECOVINEGOALS promotes sustainability and resilience in the winemaking industry by encouraging the
transition of intensive viticulture towards agroecological management systems that protect natural habitats
and landscapes, while reducing chemical and fossil fuel inputs and harmful emissions. The project aims to
enhance stakeholders’ skills in participatory local governance, to strengthen transnational cooperation and
provide specific transnational instruments to promote, support and manage the agroecological transition.

Expected results
 Sharing between partners in the ADRION countries of fundamental concepts and practices
necessary for the transition from intensive viticulture management systems, towards
agroecological management methods.
 Improvement of the participatory local governance skills of decision makers and all other viticulture
stakeholders, both public and private, to jointly develop and define strategies and plans aiming to
protect natural habitats and rural landscapes.
 Transnational communication, cooperation, and exchange between regional authorities and civil
society organizations concerning common objectives to protect vulnerable environments, to
promote ecosystem services, to prevent or mitigate climate change, and to avoid social conflicts in
land use.
 An increase in the number and quality of tools and strategies available to support the planning and
management of the agroecological transition of viticulture systems in the region.

Partnership:
PP1- LP LAG EASTERN VENICE, VEGAL (IT)
PP2 Autonomous Province of Trento, PAT (IT)
PP3 Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry of SIovenia, KGZS-Zavod GO (SI)
PP4 Research Centre of the SIovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, ZRC SAZU (SI)
PP5 Agency for Rural Development of Istria Ltd Pazin, AZRRI (HR)
PP6 Association for the promotion of employment, vocational training and education,
INFORMO (HR)
PP7 Business Development Center Kragujevac, BDCKG (RS)
PP8 Foundation Business Start-up Center Bar, BSC BAR (ME)
PP9 Municipality of Bar, BAR (ME)
PP10 Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, CIHEAM MAICh (EL)

Associated Partners (APs):

General Union CISL Cultivators Venice (IT)
Bio district of production and biological community of central-eastern Venice - BIO VENICE (IT)
IAL - Innovation Learning Work S.r.l. - Social enterprise (IT)
AIAB-Italian Organic Agriculture Association (IT)
Agroecologiki SP (EL)

3
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
Municipality of Topola (RS)
Šumadija winemakers association (RS)
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (HR)
Agroecology Europe (BL)

4
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 INDEX

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................5

1. EVENT DESCRIPTION AND AGENDA..................................................6

2. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.......................................................................7

3. DESCRIPTION OF PARTICIPATORY WORKSHOP

ACTIVITIES.....................................................................................................8

3.1 SESSION 1............................................................................................................. 8

3.2 SESSION 2........................................................................................................... 12
3.3 SESSION 3........................................................................................................... 18
3.4 SESSION 4........................................................................................................... 20
3.5 SESSION 5........................................................................................................... 21

CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................22

LIST OF ANNEXES.......................................................................................23

5
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 INTRODUCTION

WPT3: Participatory governance for agroecological transition of vineyards foresees the

realization of participatory backcasting paths in wine-growing areas chosen as case studies in
each of countries involved. These areas are identified in WP3 as intensive wine-growing areas that
are fragile from habitat and landscape point of view. The aim is to increase capacity for shared
agroecological governance of territory by public and private decision-makers. The participatory
paths allow solution of conflicts of use of territory through identification of shared solutions among
interested parties.

The reconciliation between habitat and landscape protection and grapevine cultivation is a
common challenge for ADRION area in order to safeguard the sustainability of economic activities
based on territorial capital. These challenges must be tackled by an integrated approach pursuing
technical, economic, social, cultural, and governance objectives. The corresponding project-
outputs concern the sharing of tools and strategies to encourage the agroecological transition of
wine growing areas. Overcoming these challenges also entails the increase of population
awareness on the impacts of intensive wine systems on habitat and landscape and the adoption of
participatory governance methodologies involving citizens, public authorities and stakeholders.

Within the project ECOVINEGOALS, a participatory governance process is foreseen for launching
a transformational path of intensive viticultural landscapes toward agroecological modes of
production simultaneously promoting harmonious and balanced relationships between vineyards
and accompanying multi-functional landscapes and natural habitats.

The agroecological transition entails a long-term process of adopting tailored solutions to context
specific challenges of different viticultural landscapes via multi-stakeholder combined actions
toward mutually set goals and a common challenge of the respect of environment, economic and
social equilibriums of a given territory and a given culture.

Following a common methodology based on backcasting, project partners will pilot the
participatory governance process for initiating the agroecological transition of their chosen
viticultural landscape, resulting in the preparation of seven local action plans. The evaluated
governance models, tools, guidelines and lessons learned from the pilots will inform the creation of
the key outputs of the project – a transnational strategy and a transnational action plan for
ushering in a long-term agroecological transition of viticultural landscapes across the ADRION
Programme area at scale, spearheaded by the AVINE project network.

This report summarizes participatory backcasting workshops held with stakeholders to share a
future vision of agroecological transition of area selected in WPT1. The backcasting processes are
managed by facilitators trained for this purpose, and using previously agreed methodology. The
report also describes most relevant land use conflicts that emerge in the area, agricultural
practices that conflict with the agroecological vision considered in WP3, and with objectives of
conservation and enhancement of landscape and habitat analyzed in WPT2.

6
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
1. EVENT DESCRIPTION AND AGENDA

1.1. Brief description

The contract “External expertise in charge for conducting activities related to participatory back-
casting processes in viticulture area of Bar, Montenegro” was signed between Foundation
Business Start-up Center Bar (PP8) and external expert, Marija Markoč. Mrs. Markoč participated
at five online sessions related to the Training of facililators for participatory back-casting processes
(AT3.2.1). Training for Facililatotrs for participatory back-casting processes (AT3.2.1) was
organized during the five sessions, each Wednesday in September.

According to the skills and knowledge gained during the Training of facilitators, in correlation with
Foundation Business Start-up Centre Bar (PP8), we prepared program of the participatory
workshop called “Future of viticulture and viniculture in Crmnica”. According to the Manual of
Participatory Governance for Agroecological Transition, it was initially planned to organize the
workshop as a three day event. The invitation letters were sent from Project Management Team of
PP8 to all relevant stakeholders who could give significant contribution in planning participatory
backcasting process of agroecological transition. Therefore, they invited numerous winegrowers
and winemakers from Crmnica, representatives of Municipality of Bar (PP9), National Park Skadar
Lake, University of Montenegro – Biotechnical Faculty, local tourism board etc.

Even though two out of five sessions were optional, according to the Manual of Participatory
Governance for Agroecological Transition, we decided to perform all of the five session, due to
their inter-connections and importance of inputs and outputs from each of the previous session for
the following one. Taking into consideration highly productive work of participants and very
important and interesting that came out during the first day, the facilitator decided to conduct the
workshop as a one-day event with extensive and comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the
ideas, proposals and projects proposed by the participants. All the participants will be introduced
with this document, as well as with the draft and final version of the Local Action Plan (DT3.4.1), in
order to add comments and suggestions.

The overall ambient of the workshop was very positive, since the participants found the program
challenging, yet very interesting and innovative for the Montenegrin area.

1.2. Agenda

Agenda (Program of the Participatory Workshop “Future of viticulture and viniculture in Crmnica”)
was created in both English and Montenegrin and shared together with Letter of Invitation with all
the participants. Agenda also includes basic project information, as well as main project goals and
objectives, related with overcoming negative effects of intensive viticulture systems and promotion
of agro-ecological transition of viticulture areas towards low input and low emission management
systems.
Annex 1 – Photo Gallery
Annex 2 – Agenda (Program of the Participatory Workshop)

7
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
Annex 3 – Letter of Invitation

8
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
2. LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Annex 4 – List of participants (original)

Table 1: List of participants with their contact information

TELEPHONE
N° STAKEHOLDER NAME ORGANIZATION E-MAIL
NUMBER
1. Mirko Knežević Biotechnical Faculty 0038267 578 472 mirkok@ucg.ac.m

2. Mašan Lekić Winemaker 0038267 288 183 masan.lekic@carina.gov.me

Winery “Family
3. Ilija Klisić 0038269 025 164 ilija.klisic@gmail.com
Klisić”
4. Mladen Đuković Winemaker 0038268 598 698 vinarija.djukovic@gmail.com

5. Miodrag Leković Winery “Garnet” 0038267 355 535 lekovic.m@t-com.me

6. Miloš Šturanović Biotechnical Faculty 0038267 636 377 milos.sturanovic@t-com.me

7. Marija Markoč Ltd. “Barska uljara” 0038268 284 058 marija.markoc@t-com.me

8. Ukšanović Tomislav Winery “Kalimut” 0038269 506 030 tomouksanovic@gmail.com

Aleksandar National Park

9. 0038269 521 382 aleksandarbulatovic@nparkovi.me
Bulatović “Skadar Lake”
10. Pejanović Dragan Vila “Pegaz” 0038267 631 011 dragip@t-com.me

11. Pejanović Ivo Winery “Pejanović” 0038269 468 008 vinarijapejanovic@gmail.com

12. Miloš Rajković Winery “Buk” 0038268 003 853 bukwine@gmail.com

13. Branislav Klisić Winemarker 0038269 407 123 N/A

Winemaker
14. Marko Vujović 0038267 283 372 vujovicm354013@gmail.com
beginner
15. Snežana Marković Municipality of Bar 0038269 990 240 snezana.markovic@bar.me

16. Marko Novaković Municipality of Bar 0038263 212 007 marko.novakovic@bar.me

17. Dušan Đukanović Winery “Đukanović” 0038267 035 036 vinarija.djukanovic@gmail.com

National Park
18. Snežana Pejković 0038267 632 841 snezanapejkovic@nparkovi.me
“Skadar Lake”
19. Ivana Tomašević BSC BAR 069 328 304 i.tomasevic@bscbar.org

20. Vesna Markoč BSC BAR 069 379 258 v.antunicevic@bscbar.org

9
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
3. DESCRIPTION OF PARTICIPATORY WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES

3.1 SESSION 1

Even though this session called COMMUNITY MAPPING is characterized as “optional” in the
Manual of Participatory Governance for Agroecological Transition, it was very important to
implement this activity that combine cartography with participatory methods to represent territorial
knowledge of local community in Crmnica wine growing subregion. Every stakeholder/participant
has different perception of the territory and its values, according to their various experience,
background, interests, skills and knowledge. Therefore, the set of the information gathered by the
participatory mapping covers a wide qualitative spectrum, great to be combined with “scientific
knowledge” presented in the Structural Analysis of the Pilot Area.

All of the groups of participants were asked to define:

a) The most precious/valuable elements from environmental aspect

b) The most precious/valuable elements from economic and touristic aspect
c) The most precious/valuable elements from socio-cultural aspect

Therefore, the outputs of this session are:

a) Single Participatory Map that includes community and scientific knowledge of the territory
b) First set of main values of the territory divided by category
c) First assessment of analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the territory

Table 2: First set of main values of the territory divided by category and obtained
during Session 1 – Community Mapping
Economic and tourist
Groups Environmental aspect Socio-cultural aspect
aspect
- Remains of the hospital
from Austro-Hungarian
- Six traditional wineries
Empire
and accommodation - Four old train stations
- Church of St. Toma in
providers in Limljani and railway for “Ćiro”
Limljani from XVII
and Bukovik villages train (Guinness World
century (that
- Numerous water Records Book) – both
1st miraculously moved by
sources (“as many as tourist and cultural
group a landslide, but
days in a year”) aspect
remained intact) and
- Agroecological - Old stone bridges and
additional 8 smaller
conditions for fruit and viaducts
churches
vegetable growing,
- Commemorative plaque
field crops, forests
of the victims from WWII
in Limljani village
2nd - Numerous water - House of Wine (under - Restoration of the oldest
group sources in Gluhi Do construction in Gluhi school in Gluhi Do
- Undiscovered and Do village) - Paintings of the famous
untackled nature, - Hiking trails in Gluhi Do Montenegrin painter
greatness of towards Presjeka (670 Nikola Gvozdenović
biodiversity m a.s.l) Gvozdo show the
- Very fertile soils for - The road for Sutomore sceneries from this

10
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 agriculture (Crmnica village
name originates from - Remains of the church
(tourist place at the sea
the word Cermenica - of St. Michael the
cost)
red soil) and Cernica - Archangel from 15th
black soil) century
- There is no land, water
- Road infrastructure
or air polluters nearby
from Virpazar to
Boljevići village
Boljevići (4 km) with
- Reliable water supply
public lighting
(city network and wells
- Hiking trail from
rich in groundwater - First railway in
3rd Boljevići towards
flows) Montenegro
group Godinje village
- Rivers Crmnica and
- Revitalized Fortress of
Oraoštica
Besac
- Great potential in
- Kayaking at river
agritourism (three
Crmnica
traditional wineries in
Boljevići)
- Numerous water
- Dock for small boats at
sources in both
Skadar Lake - Remains of nine old
Godinje and Mačuge
- Potentials for active water mills in Godinje
villages
tourism and one water mill in
- Protected ambient unit
4th - Accommodation Mačuge
of Godinje from 2016
group providers in both - Caves in Trnovo village
(very important from all
villages who offer with great richness in
three ascpects)
holistic approach (work stalactites and
- Three traditional
in vineyard, wine stalagmites
wineries in Godinje and
degustation etc.)
one in Mačuge villages

11
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 Figure 1: Participatory map of the wine subregion of Crmnica

Table 3: First SWOT analysis of the pilot area

STRENGTHS (S)
 Authenticity of the subregion, offer and
traditional values;
 Abundace of natural beauties (Skadar
Lake, rivers, mountain massifs,
biodiversity etc.);
 Favorable environmental conditions and
geographic location for growing grapes
(soil and climate);
 Very high quality autochthonous sort and
germplasm rich vine;
 The low level of use of fertilizers and
pesticides due to traditional practices
and non-intensive wine making;
 Production of wines from autochthonous
sorts (predominantly from Vranac and
Kratošija varieties);
 The presence of short and direct supply
WEAKNESSES (W)
 The limited scope of domestic
production and parcels fragmentation;
 Insufficient area of irrigated land (rainfed
wine making);
 Outdated machinery, lack of processing
equipment and the availability of
supplies at affordable prices;
 The level of investment far below the
needs (low share in the capital budget of
local and national institutions);
 Production for own use or exclusively
oriented to the local market;
 Difficulties in delivering consistent quality
and quantity of wines from small
producers;
 Lack of promotion on domestic and
international market;

12
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 channels in the domestic market (direct
sales);
 Good position in the wine market in
terms of high proportion of wines from
Crmnica at local supermarkets;
 High quality grape production;
 Programs of support to viticulture and
enology at local and national level;
 Membership in international
organizations (OIV and CEVI);
 Active and functional local association of
winegrowers and winemakers;
 Variety of products and offer of
adventure tourism components;
 Hospitality of local population and rich
offer of local eco-products;
 Traditional gastronomic products from
Crmnica;
 An EU candidate status – use of funds.
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 Undeveloped population’s awareness
about the significance of agritourism;
 Presence of grey economy;
 Insufficiently developed communal
infrastructure (roads, electricity, water
supply and sewage network, landfills);
 Depopulation of rural areas;
 Mild sanctions for inadequate behavior
to the environment;
 A lack in know-how and skills for
preforming agroecological production;
 A weak connection of rural economy and
agriculture with tourism;
 Local population uninformed about the
available incentive measure and subsidy
schemes;
 A lack of institutionalized support to the
population to apply for the incentives
and to register their households;
 Inadequate promotion of Crmnica as a
wine region at international fairs and
other similar events;
 A lack of the initiative for the
improvement and networking of supply;
 A small number of individual or private
producers registered for providing these
services;
 The absence of cooperation between
public and private sector;
 Insufficient engagement of the local
population in terms of preserving
cultural-heritage authenticity and
tradition;
 A lack of wine database with compiled
contact information in Crmnica;
 Undeveloped cultural tourism in relation
to wine tourism;
 Inadequate tourism infrastructure
(signalization);
 Insufficient knowledge of the procedures
relevant to organic farming;
 Need to introduce HACCP and Global
GAP standards;
 Outdated growing techniques and limited
13

OPPORTUNITIES (O)
 Development of cooperatives and
clusters;
 Linking tourism and wine production for
more efficient sales;
 Strengthen recognition in
international market and the branding of
small wine producers;
 Free trade area provide additional
opportunities for export;
 Opportunities for development
cooperation at the international level;
 Initiation of systematic incentives for
beginners in viticulture and viniculture;
 Exotic and insufficiently explored
destinations in Crmnica;
 An increasing international demand for
Montenegrin wine sector;
 An increasing international demand for
unexploited nature and lake coast;
 Better utilization of EU funds and
interregional resources;
 Visitors’ demands for the offer of
authentic home-made products;
 Visitors’ demands for organic food and
spring water.
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
technical knowledge;
 Poor managerial skills of farmers and
producers.
THREATS (T)
 Strong pressure through import;
 Lack of investment capital and difficult
access to bank for finance investment;
 Preferences market (other types of wine
the
– wines originating from famous wine
destinations);
 Unregulated state of land ownership;
 Further depopulation of rural areas;
of  A tendency of mass tourism
development in Crmnica subregion;
 A slow process of necessary
infrastructure reconstruction due to high
costs;
 Insufficiently developed capacities for
the preparation and implementation of
EU projects among winemakers;
 Increasing environmental pollution;
 A lower possibility of applying low-
carbon tourism;
 Lack in a proactive approach towards
the development of agroecological
viticulture and viniculture.
14
 3.2 SESSION 2

The goal of the second session, THE FUTURE SEARCH, is to break down borders between
different and maybe conflicting interests, enlightening alliances and creating understanding about
common scenarios for the future. Actually, this session is the core of the backcasting process. This
session was very useful in order to define the common vision or the basis of the Local Action Plan,
as well as strategic axis.

The participants were asked to imagine the future of viticulture and viniculture in Crmnica in 10 to
15 years. They are asked as well to imagine what kind of viticulture practices and impacts they
don’t want to find anymore and what kind of viticulture practices impacts they don’t want to find. All
of the participants answered individually. Green post-it were used to write about positive practices
they want to keep, valorize more intensively and similar, while the yellow post-it were used to
explain on what kind of practices in this area should be stopped, abandoned or mitigated.

Table 4: Individual proposals of workshop participants related to the common vision of

future viticulture and viniculture in Crmnica
VITICULTURE AND VINICULTURE VITICULTURE AND VINICULTURE
WE WANT WE DON’T WANT
- Wine with a geographical indication
(PDO, PGI and GI) from Crmnica
- Better development of road - Decrease of air, soil and water quality
infrastructure - Devastation of the environment
- Better protection of cultural-historical
monuments in Crmnica
- Maintaining grapes and wine quality
- Wine with a geographical indication - Unused arable land
(PDO, PGI and GI) from Crmnica
- Non-hygienic conditions of wine
productions
- Non-registered wineries and
winemakers
- Maintenance of current and opening of
- Irregularly maintained vineyards
new wineries
- Weak public infrastructure
- Weak water supply network
- Complicated bureaucracy in domain of
winemaking and cellaring
- Increasing the areas under vineyards - Prolongation of COVID-19 pandemics
- Improvement of cellaring and therefore weak tourist season
- Abandonment of vineyards and closure
- Increasing the areas under vineyards
of wineries
- Better valorization of viticulture and
viniculture subregion of Crmnica
- Map of wine roads - Industrialization of Crmnica subregion
- Increase of number of constant guests - Disloyal competition
- Preserving the nature and traditional
imagery of landscapes
- Better connectivity and network of - Irregular garbage disposal
wineries

15
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
- Selling the wine at the wineries (wine
tourism)
- Presentation of Montenegro as wine
destination at international trade fairs
- Better road infrastructure - Abandonment of arable lands and old
- Better valorization of wine products stone houses
- Increasing the areas under vineyards - Devastation of heritage (from
- Better marketing agricultural and cultural point of view)
- Conservation of traditional architecture - Mass tourism and grand hotels
in the subregion - Speedboats and yachts on Skadar
- Increase in wineries and other food Lake
sector producer
- Increasing the areas under vineyards - Stagnation of the production
- Sustainable food production (grapevine yields and wine production)
- Disloyal competition
- Wine with a geographical indication - Irregular garbage disposal
(PDO, PGI and GI) from Crmnica
- More complete tourist offer - Decrease of air, soil and water quality
- Better road infrastructure
- Increasing the areas under vineyards
- More successful cooperation with
HORECA sector
- Better marketing
- Decrease in grey economy
- Higher subsidies for development of
grapevine growing and agritourism
through local and national budget lines
- Enlargement of producers
(cooperatives)
- Promotion of active tourism
- More EU projects that stimulate wine
production
- Wine with a geographical indication
(PDO, PGI and GI) from Crmnica
- Development of ecological wineries
- Introduction of new varieties that are
more resistant to pests and diseases
- Decrease of herbicides usage in
vineyards
- Better promotion of Crmnica wine
subregion by competent local and
national authorities
- State laboratory for wine quality
assessment and detection of
hazardous substances’ residues
- Introduction of other autochthonous
grapevine varieties, except Vranac and
Kratošija
- Development of biodynamic viticulture
and viniculture

16
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 - Reduction of prices for wine quality
assessment
- Development of ecotourism

The following figures are so-called WORDCLOUDs – graphic representation of the concepts most
cited by the participants; the greater the character of the word, the greater the number of times it
appears.

Figure 2: Wordcloud related to positive common vision of viticulture and viniculture in

Crmnica

17
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 Figure 3: Wordcloud related to negative common vision of viticulture and viniculture in
Crmnica

The outputs of the second session:

a. Main internal weaknesses of the local viticulture

Vineyards in Crmnica are very fragmented and therefore, there is a limited scope of the
domestic production and expressed difficulties in delivering consistent quality and quantity
of wines from small producers. Also, there is a lack of promotion of domestic production
and products on both national and international market. Production of wine is oriented to
the local market only; while there is usually no strong collaboration with HORECA sector
(waiters offer foreign wines instead of national products). The level of investments in both
primary and secondary wine production is far below the needs. The expenses are very high
for individuals, and therefore formation of cluster is necessary. The machinery is usually
outdated, while the viticulture is mostly rainfed, meaning that irrigation systems are very
rare. Also, local population is not aware about the significance of connecting agriculture
with rural tourism and richness of natural and cultural assets that may be valuable subjects
related to wine tourism. Furthermore, one of the problems is the presence of grey economy,
as well as insufficiently developed infrastructure (unregulated landfills, weak and unsecure
electricity, undeveloped water supply and sewage network, unpaved roads etc.). Crmnica is
often not promoted as a wine destination at international fairs and it refers to the absence of
cooperation between public and private sector. Also, there is a lack database with compiled
information about winegrowers, winemakers and other related tourism services providers

18
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 from the region. Modernization of the agricultural information management system,
including Agricultural Census as well as development of the farm register and preparation
of related cadastral maps for wine growing related to the further strengthening of the food
safety system is necessary, which would stimulate and oblige registration of farmers and
their production.
Also, wine growers emphasize the fact that the Law on Wine (“Official Gazette of
Montenegro”, No. 36/07) that regulates the production and distribution of grapes used for
wine production and distribution of wine and other grape and wine products, labeling,
geographic origin of wine and other issues of importance for viticulture and wine production
is not completely compatible with their real needs.
Finally, there is a strong need for increasing production and further quality improvement,
and therefore, support has to be targeted for investments in equipment and facilities
necessary for the production of high quality wines. It is necessary to improve efficiency and
productivity by introduction of new technologies in order to increase competitiveness of the
products on the market, as well as to improve processing capacities, quality standards and
food safefy, packaging, marketing and promotional activities.

b. Main problems caused by viticulture to landscape and environment

Even though agriculture negatively affects the environment through soil, water and air
degradation and pollution, in Crmnica, there are no identified severe negative impacts. First
of all, vineyards are mostly raised in fertile lands or at the hill slopes, but there were no
significant deforestation activities. Since there are no water supply network in most of the
villages within Crmnica, and therefore, winegrowing is predominantly rainfed, Skadar Lake
and nearby rivers are not polluted by nitrates, phosphates and pesticides. Also, taking into
consideration that heavy mechanization is rarely used air is not contaminated with toxic
gases. Richness of biodiversity in and nearby the Skadar Lake tells the story about
ecological winegrowing in Crmnica. Lake, wells, reservoirs and ponds eutrophication
(explosion of algae that suppress other aquatic plants and animals) has not been identified.
Actually, wine growing in Crmnica contributed to the natural resources by storing carbon in
soils, enhancing the infiltration of soil water and preserving rural landscapes and
biodiversity. However, there is a need for further analysis in domain of groundwater
pollution caused by mineral fertilizers (possible excess of nitrogen and phosphates). One of
the major concerns is the heavy usage of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides and
therefore it is particularly important to raise the awareness of the farmers on adequate
choice, concentration and time period of pesticides usage. Also, pesticides usage should
be restricted and restrained by stricter regulations and taxes. The future should be
dedicated towards the increasing use of “smart” pesticides, resistant grapevine varieties
and ecological methods of pest control (“IPM”). National research projects related to
biodiversity has shown that the winegrowing does not have negative effect on important soil
nutrient recyclers, crop pollinators and pests’ predators, and therefore the pressures on
biodiversity were classified as “low”.

c. Main potentials of viticulture development

Viticulture in Crmnica is characterized by the dominance of small family owned vineyards
where mainly autochthonous cultivars assortment is present. Although Crmnica has a great
potential and excellent environmental conditions for viticulture development, wine imports
many times higher than exports. Therefore, it is necessary to create more stable production
by clustering and modernization of production processes, in collaboration with professional,
scientific and government institutions. The cooperation in domain of viticulture should focus
on production of virus-free propagation material, introduction of new, more resistant
cultivars, but as well preserving autochthonous varieties in the vineyards of Crmnica. Also,

19
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 the clusters and/or association of wine makers have to joint their performance in order to
become competitive on the world wine market stage. Wine cluster should contribute to
making Crmnica recognizable wine-growing region of the southern Europe. Winemakers
have to function in clusters in order to better use EU funds and other interregional
resources related to the development of viticulture and viniculture. Moreover, advisory
services have to be more dedicated towards allocation of funds from entity agricultural
budgets for viticulture development. Also, one of the further steps should be related to the
vineyard cadaster creation, as one of the obligations posed by the EU that would simplify
management, promotion and preservation of viticulture practices, but as well it would oblige
farmers to register their business. Subsidies and incentives have to be directed towards
more intensive usage of fertile arable land, since the viticulture is one of the most important
sectors for employment in rural areas that may reduce rural poverty and depopulation.
Growing regulations have to be stricter and therefore it is necessary to select and prescribe
appropriate growing systems and accordingly spacing of planting and number of plants per
unit area. Furthermore, it is important to facilitate the process of registering organic farming
by enhancing cooperation between their professional advisory services and producers.
Crmnica is abundant of natural beauties that are insufficiently explored. Variety of local
products and possibilities for further development of adventure tourism has to become an
unforgettable component of visitors’ or tourists’ experience. In the last decade, new tourist
products have been developed, such as “Wine roads” and there is a need for their further
valorization, including good marketing and packaging of products. Also, there is a great
opportunity in terms of preserving rural authenticity and tradition in order to develop cultural
tourism as a complementary to wine tourism.

d. Main positive synergies between agriculture and other economic and social sectors
The following figure shows the main positive correlation Montenegrin viticulture should
develop more intensively. Those are 4 main synergies: connection of viticulture with tourism
(wine tourism, agri-tourism, rural tourism, adventure tourism); connection of viticulture with
culture (preservation and valorization of cultural heritage within the wine destination);
connection of viticulture with science (aimed towards raising skills and knowledge about
more profitable agroecological grape production without negative environmental impact)
and connection of viticulture with overall national economy (reduction of grapes and wine
import and reduction of rural unemployment).

20
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
Figure 4: Main positive synergies between viticulture and other complementary sectors

21
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 3.3 SESSION 3

This session, The Ideas Factory, is a participatory activity to draft different potential answers to
react to a common issue/problem or to take advantage of opportunities. Different ideas coming
from participants with different backgrounds and abilities helped building up more effective and
integrated Local Action Plan.

Each participant was asked to write a proposal of action of their own that tackle the problem
pointed out in the previous session. The stakeholders were asked to link their proposals with the
agroecological transition of the vineyards and possible link with “Flagship Actions” presented.

Outputs of the third session:

a. Bank of ideas – collection of proposals, project and actions to be evaluated and eventually
included in the Local Action Plan
b. Definition of the specific objectives of the Strategy of the Local Action Plan.
c. First draft of the Local Action Plan (presented after updates from the Session 4)

Table 5: Template for completing list of proposals, project and actions related to viticulture
and viniculture development and agroecological transition
TITLE OF THE ACTION
PROPOSER(S)
STRATEGIC AXIS
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
EXPECTED RESULTS
IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and day/man)
POTENTIAL PARTNERS/RELATION WITH OTHER
ACTIONS

Table 6: Strategic Axis with specific objectives as the core of the Local Action Plan
1. Implementing sustainable wine sector in the function of nurturing
environmental protection while ensuring profitability
1.1. Enabling sustainable conservation of natural resources in Crmnica
1.2. Preservation and valorization of all forms of heritage richness in Crmnica

2. Raising locals’ and foreigners’ awareness and knowledge about Crmnica wine
destination in Montenegro
2.1. Positioning of Crmnica wine region within Montenegro brand
2.2. Digitalization of wine products promotion and sales in the country and abroad
3. Training and activating rural community, entrepreneurs and companies in
Crmnica to improve the value of comprehensive wine tourism offer
3.1. Integrated development of wine tourism as crucial component of Crmnica
tourism value chain
3.2. Encouragement of Crmnica wine tourism network development

22
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 Table 7: BANK OF IDEAS
- RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL
STONE HOUSES WITHIN GODINJE
AMBIENT UNIT

- INCREASING THE AREAS UNDER

Implementing sustainable wine sector in VINEYARDS IN THE SUBREGION OF
the function of nurturing environmental CRMNICA
protection while ensuring profitability
- IMPROVEMENT WINEMAKING
BUSINESS AND OPENING OF NEW
WINERIES

- ECOLOGICAL VITICULTURE AND

VINICULTURE OF CRMNICA
- CREATION OF THE UNIQUE WINE
BRAND #CRMNICA THROUGH
OBTAINING QUALITY SCHEME
“PROTECTED DESIGNATION OF
Raising locals’ and foreigners’ awareness ORIGIN”
and knowledge about Crmnica wine
destination in Montenegro - NETWORKING OF FARMERS FROM
CRMNICA AIMED AT MORE
EFFECTIVE USAGE OF GRANTS

- ONLINE MARKETING OF CRMNICA

SUBREGION

- PRESENTATION OF CRMNICA
SUBREGION AS A WINE DESTINATION
- CREATION TOURISM DESTINATION
#CRMNICA IN ORDER TO IMPROVE
THE OVERALL TOURISM OFFER OF
THE REGION

- STRENGTHENING THE NETWORK

Training and activating rural community,
BETWEEN CONSUMERS AND
entrepreneurs and companies in Crmnica
PRODUCERS THROUGH SMART
to improve the value of comprehensive
DOMESTIC WINE POSITIONING
wine tourism offer
- DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT
OF COMMUNAL, PUBLIC AND ROAD
INFRASTRUCTURE

- WINE CLUSTER OF CRMNICA

23
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 3.4 SESSION 4

World Cafe methodology is designed to create a collaborative environment to develop concrete

actions and initiatives from multiple ideas coming from different stakeholders. World Cafe
combines interactions between stakeholders and multiple focus groups on different thematic and
topics. Scientific, technical and community knowledge are committed on the same goal. For the
purpose of this workshop, this session was used to define time of implementation, resources
needed, possible partnerships and similar. The goal of the session is to bring out more detailed,
sophisticated and effective action plan.

Output of the fourth session:

A) Local Action Plan final draft (ver. 1.1) - Annex 5

24
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 3.5 SESSION 5

This entertaining activity was used in the final moment of the workshop. Each participant was
asked to prioritize the actions included in the plan. This activity allowed all the participants to
understand about the most relevant actions to be taken towards the desirable future.

A set of “facsimile” euros (200€, 50€ and 10€) were given to each of participant in order to
distribute all of the capital on the three actions, avoiding the concentration of all of the resources
given to only one action.

At the end of the action, the Facilitator counted the “capital” given for the each Action and
presented the voting results to everybody. The actions are enlisted in the Local Action Plan by this
priority. The higher is the capital, the higher is the priority of the action.

Table 8: The list of actions with the highest capital distribution

Name of the action Proposer Capital amount
Tomislav Ukšanović –
WINE CLUSTER OF CRMNICA 880 €
Winery “Kalimut”
PRESENTATION OF CRMNICA
Miloš Rajković –
SUBREGION AS A WINE 610 €
Winery “BUK”
DESTINATION
RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL
Miodrag Leković –
STONE HOUSES WITHIN GODINJE 610 €
Winery “Garnet”
AMBIENT UNIT
NETWORKING OF FARMERS FROM
Snežana Marković –
CRMNICA AIMED AT MORE 500 €
Municipality of Bar
EFFECTIVE USAGE OF GRANTS

25
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
CONCLUSIONS

Participatory Workshop “Future of viticulture and viniculture of Crmnica” was a very successful
event that enabled brainstorming and therefore produced very useful and important list of
proposed actions that will be included into the Local Action Plan (DT3.4.1). Also, it is important to
mention that list of proposed actions tackles the potentials of viticulture in Crmnica in domain of
agroecological production, but as well numerous other topics related to the abandonment of
unwilling practices and valorization of the heritage and natural richness, in the function of
sustainable growth and development of viticulture and viniculture in Crmnica.

26
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
LIST OF ANNEXES

ANNEX 1 – PHOTO GALERY

27
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 28
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 29
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
ANNEX 2 – PROGRAM OF THE PARTICIPATORY WORKSHOP (AGENDA)

30
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 31
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 32
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 33
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
ANNEX 3 – LETTER OF INVITATION

34
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 35
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
ANNEX 4 – LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

36
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 37
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 38
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 39
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 40
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 41
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 42
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
ANNEX 5 - LIST OF PROPOSED ACTIONS

TITLE OF THE ACTION RESTORATION OF TRADITIONAL STONE HOUSES

WITHIN GODINJE AMBIENT UNIT
PROPOSER(S) Miodrag Leković – Winery “Garnet”
STRATEGIC AXIS and 1. Implementing sustainable wine sector in the function
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES of nurturing environmental protection while ensuring
profitability
1.2.Preservation and valorization of all forms of heritage
richness in Crmnica
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Maintaining the tradition and authenticity in rural areas and
among the local population represents the basis for the
development of successful and comprehensive wine sectors.
Therefore, it is necessary to invest additional efforts to
preserve the unique segments that attract tourists and at the
same time contribute towards valorization of cultural richness
of the area. Development of the project for the adaptation of
traditional stone houses in ambient unit of Godinje in order to
create small wineries with tasting rooms is one of the great
examples. During this process, it is especially important to pay
attention to the use of traditional building materials, preserving
the natural environment, the arrangement, i.e. decoration of
the households in accordance with the traditional style
authentic to the specific region, which would, with respect to
the authentic architectural style, contribute to the attractiveness
of the village. Adaptation project needs to be prepared in
accordance with the urban-technical and conservation
conditions. Also, the adaptation of the area should take place
in accordance with the conditions and requirements of
traditional construction, but with the introduction of modern
conditions for the production and storage of wine. Throughout
the procedure, it is necessary to carefully plan the impact on
the environment, with an emphasis on energy efficiency. In
order to prevent construction of modern houses that do not fit
the authentic rural environment, it is necessary to establish a
program of financial support for the adaptation and restoration
of such rural houses in other Crmnica’s villages as well.
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would significantly contribute to the valorization of
the objects that have tremendous historical and architectural
value, but at the same time, significant profitability through
agriculture and tourism may be achieved.
IMPLEMENTATION 12 months
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be determined by the project
day/man)
POTENTIAL Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
PARTNERS/RELATION Ministry of Ecology, Spatial Planning and Urbanism
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Municipality of Bar
Grant schemes

43
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
TITLE OF THE ACTION CREATION OF THE UNIQUE WINE BRAND #CRMNICA
THROUGH OBTAINING QUALITY SCHEME “PROTECTED
DESIGNATION OF ORIGIN”
PROPOSER(S) Snežana Pejković – National Park “Skadar Lake”
STRATEGIC AXIS AND 2. Raising locals’ and foreigners’ awareness and
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE knowledge about Crmnica wine destination in Montenegro
2.1. Positioning of Crmnica wine region within Montenegro
brand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION According to the Law on Indication of Geographical Origin
(„‟Official Gazette of Montenegro‟‟, No.48/08 and 40/11),
Indication of geographical original shall be used to mark
natural, agricultural and industrial products, products of
traditional handicrafts and services. An appellation of origin
shall be the geographical name of a country, region or a
locality, used to designate a product originating therein, the
quality and characteristics of which are due exclusively or
essentially to the geographical environment, including natural
and human factors, and which is produced, processed or
prepared within a specific limited geographical area. There are
numerous benefits of registration of geographical indication,
such as: legal protection of the products coming from this area;
preventing unauthorized use of Crmnica subregion name;
promoting economic prosperity of producers of goods
produced within this geographical territory. This Action
increases consumers’ confidence in domestic products’ quality.
Also, it creates necessary preconditions to introduce
harmonized wine production processes and determine the
quality parameters that must be met. This would ensure the
preservation of quality and traditional production, but also the
creation of brand #CRMNICA that would be promoted at world
fairs. This would present our country as wine destination all
around the world. Scientific research has shown that both local
visitors and tourists that have an opportunity to experience the
lifestyle and hospitality of wine region, they become reliable
guests who come back, and this is where brand loyalty begins.
EXPECTED RESULTS The goal of this action is affirmation of domestic wine economy
and the improvement of its positioning on Montenegro’s
market, which will contribute towards the increase of domestic
production, new investments, the opening of new jobs,
reducing import and increasing export, as well as overall
economic and social development of Crmnica.
IMPLEMENTATION From 5 to 10 years
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be defined
day/man)
POTENTIAL Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
PARTNERS/RELATION Ministry of Economic Development
WITH OTHER ACTIONS National Tourism Board and local tourism boards
Private travel agencies and other SMEs

TITLE OF THE ACTION CREATION TOURISM DESTINATION #CRMNICA IN ORDER

TO IMPROVE THE OVERALL TOURISM OFFER OF THE

44
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 REGION
PROPOSER(S) Dušan Đukanović – Winery “Đukanović”
Branislav Klisić – Winery “Klisić”
Anastasia Kacsurina – Tesoros Ltd.
STRATEGIC AXIS AND 3.Training and activating rural community, entrepreneurs
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE and companies in Crmnica to improve the value of
comprehensive wine tourism offer
3.1. Integrated development of wine tourism as crucial
component of Crmnica tourism value chain
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Tourism plays a key role and records increasing trends in the
economy of Montenegro (almost 24% of GDP and 7.6% of the
employment capacities). It is evident that the wealth of natural
and cultural heritage of Crmnica, vicinity of mountains, Skadar
Lake and Adriatic Sea has raised an interest in different
segments of tourism demand that request something new and
something authentic. Rural tourism creates conditions for
satisfying the needs of an increasing number of local visitors
and tourists from abroad that aspire to a healthy life-style and
seek experience that considers pleasure in nature, traditional
cuisine, and hospitality of local households, enjoyment in
tradition and preserved customs and other authentic
sensations. Recognizing the potentials of Crmnica in terms of
the development of diversified and authentic tourism offer, it is
necessary to identify the current offer in this area and form a
unique database of the providers of tourism services; to
facilitate the procedures of registration for entities conducting
activities in this branch; to identify and reduce business
barriers and the presence of grey economy; to identify
synergies between rural and cultural tourism; to identify the
measures of incentives for the development of tourism at
national local level; to define education measures among
current and future service providers in the area, as well as to
encourage coordination and networking among different
entities in planning and promotion of tourism offer. Complete
tourism offer should include agritourism services (ex.
accommodation in an agricultural husbandry with an active
participation of the guests), nature oriented tourism services
(ex. cycling, hiking, mountaineering, fishing, hunting,
canyoning, moto-cross etc.), as well as other products related
to rural cultural heritage (wine tourism, gastronomic tourism,
events, festivals, creative tourism such as handcrafts and art
workshops, rural markets, theme routes etc.). Furthermore, it is
also necessary to associate with producers of other natural
products in the vicinity, such as: honey, aromatic and essential
oils, teas, homemade juices, souvenirs, etc. Creation of the
Map of eco-gastronomic offer in Crmnica, available both in
hard copy and online, in several world languages, would be
more than useful for these purposes.
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would create a basis for the improvement of
population’s standard of living in Crmnica, better profitability of
individuals and SMEs from the wine sector, as well as slowing
down the depopulation of this area. Also, it would enable

45
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 winemakers to gain the main part of their income in the winery.
IMPLEMENTATION From 1 to 5 years
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be determined
day/man)
POTENRIAL Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
PARTNERS/RELATION National Tourism Board and local tourism board
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Municipality of Bar

TITLE OF THE ACTION INCREASING THE AREAS UNDER VINEYARDS IN THE

SUBREGION OF CRMNICA
PROPOSER(S) Mladen Đuković - Winery “Đuković”
Winemaker Marko Vujović
STRATEGIC AXIS 1.Implementing sustainable wine sector in the function of
nurturing environmental protection while ensuring
profitability
1.1. Enabling sustainable conservation of natural
resources in Crmnica
BRIEF DESCRIPTION According to the data obtained from the Wine register of
Montenegro, registered producers from Crmnica represent
9.98% of the total number of registered winemakers of
Montenegro. Furthermore, there are only 1.71% or 43,98 ha
regarding total surface areas under vineyards in Montenegro.
Domestic production is very limited due to the significant land
fragmentation, as well as insufficient area of irrigated land,
since the overall grapevine production is rainfed. Small
producers face difficulties in delivering consistent quality and
quantity of wines. Also, significant threats such as lack of
investment capital and the level of investment that is far below
the needs may be frightening and discouraging for beginners in
this sector. These data are not representative at all, taking into
consideration total surface area of Crmnica sub-region
(17.059,82 ha) as well as very favorable environmental
conditions (climate and soil characteristics) for grapevine
growing, it is necessary to stimulate raising the intensive
grapevine orchards of both autochthonous and foreign wine
varieties and checked plant material. Therefore, authorized
local and national institutions (municipalities and ministries), as
well as Investment development funds and other grant donors,
have an important task for the future. This project would
encourage the younger population to engage in viticulture and
viniculture.
EXPECTED RESULTS This Action would increase the competitiveness of winegrowers
and winemakers in Crmnica, while the problems with
consistent wine quantity and quality would decrease.
IMPLEMENTATION Continuous
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be determined through the Local Action Plan
day/man)
POTENTIAL Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
PARTNERS/RELATION Municipality of Bar
WITH OTHER ACTIONS National Tourism Board and local tourism boards

46
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 Networks of grapevine growers and winemakers in the country
and abroad

TITLE OF THE ACTION STRENGTHENING THE NETWORK BETWEEN

CONSUMERS AND PRODUCERS THROUGH SMART
DOMESTIC WINE POSITIONING
PROPOSER(S) Ilija Klisić - Winery “Family Klisić”
Ranko Jović – Winery “Jović”
STRATEGIC AXIS 3.Training and activating rural community, entrepreneurs
and companies in Crmnica to improve the value of
comprehensive wine product offer
3.1. Integrated development of wine tourism as crucial
component of Crmnica tourism value chain
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Montenegro is facing constant deficit of domestic products that
has to be replaced through the import. Domestic supply is very
important for the strength of national economy. Concerns
about potential risks results from overdependence on import
and global supply networks have been emphasized during the
lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemics. Strengthening
local or domestic network is an adequate approach and a
driving force of economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to
raise the awareness of domestic consumers and tourists on
the importance and quality of our national wine sector. One of
the proposed measures is to oblige our HORECA sector to
primary offer national and home-made wines from the sub-
region of Crmnica to the guests. Also, local communities have
to encourage small producers through providing necessary
infrastructure, grants and loans to attract businesses, as a win-
win strategy for all the parties involved.
EXPECTED RESULTS This approach would strengthen the national economy and
decrease its overdependence on import and global supply
network. From the winemakers’ point of view, the problems of
wine surplus occurrence would decline and therefore their
profitability would increase.
IMPLEMENTATION Continuous
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and There is no need for additional financial resources, existing
day/man) facilities and labor may be used
POTENTIAL Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
PARTNERS/RELATION Municipality of Bar
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Tourism Board of Bar
HORECA sector
Association of winegrowers and winemakers

TITLE OF THE ACTION DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF COMMUNAL,

PUBLIC AND ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
PROPOSER(S) Ranko Jović – Winery “Jović”
STRATEGIC AXIS 3. Training and activating rural community, entrepreneurs
and companies in Crmnica to improve the value of
comprehensive wine tourism offer
3.1. Integrated development of wine tourism as crucial

47
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 component of Crmnica tourism value chain
BRIEF DESCRIPTION One of the main preconditions for developing viticulture and
viniculture in Crmnica is to improve public infrastructure and
signposts that leads towards the wineries and vineyards.
Therefore, one of the key challenges that should be solved
ASAP is the development and improvement of basic
infrastructure in the most villages in Crmnica. Some of the
main problems related to infrastructure are: road inaccessibility
or insufficiently developed roads and tracks, unsecure
electricity and water supply, unregulated waste disposal,
inadequate access roads and signalization, as well as
inadequate tourism infrastructure. In addition, most facilities
lack in the Internet, which is a frequent observation of visitors.
Fortunately, intensive investments have been noticeable in
recent years in order to improve the infrastructure as a
prerequisite for infrastructure development. Tourist
signalization indicating wineries, accommodation and other
tourism services is very important mean that increase visitors’
satisfaction and therefore, it is necessary to implement the
project of placing tourist signalization in Crmnica (tourist
information boards, tourist road direction arrows, tourist boards
for making tourist attractions, welcoming tourist boards,
directional signs for public objects etc.).
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would improve living conditions of inhabitants,
decrease departure of the population from the villages by
keeping them within their rural households and at the same
time would increase tourists’ satisfaction and overall positive
experience.
IMPLEMENTATION From 1 to maximum 5 years
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be planned within the annual municipal budget
day/man)
POTENTIAL Municipality of Bar
PARTNERS/RELATION Tourism Board of Bar
WITH OTHER ACTIONS

TITLE OF THE ACTION IMPROVEMENT WINEMAKING BUSINESS AND OPENING

OF NEW WINERIES
PROPOSER(S) Marko Novaković – Secretariat for Commerce, Municipality of
Bar
STRATEGIC AXIS 1.Implementing sustainable wine sector in the function of
nurturing environmental protection while ensuring
profitability
1.1.Enabling sustainable conservation of natural
resources in Crmnica
BRIEF DESCRIPTION According to the official data obtained from the Wine register of
Montenegro, registered winegrowers and winemakers from
Crmnica represent only 9.98% out of total number of producers
from this sector in Montenegro. It is evident that there is a
presence of grey economy in this area and it is necessary to
reduce business barriers and to facilitate the procedures of
registration for entities conducting activities related to

48
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 viticulture and viniculture. Furthermore, it is necessary to
identify the measures of incentives for the development of this
sector at local and national level. There are systematic
incentives for beginners in winemaking (agri-budget of
Municipality of Bar and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Water Management) as an integrated institutional support
system that creates adequate conditions for faster and more
efficient development of this agricultural branch. These
subsidy lines should be more focused on stimulating opening
of the new wineries in Crmnica that would lead towards better
valorization of unused arable land, but as well gaining new
knowledge, skills and experience, and at the same time
introducing modern and up-to-date wine processing units in
this region. Also, local and national institutions should provide
a mentorial approach, such as advisory mobile teams and field
interventions. Wine making business is currently stimulated
through subsidy lines that include: procurement of grapevine
plant material, procurement of elements of the supporting
structure (poles and wires); procurement of bird and hail
protection nets; procurement of irrigation systems;
procurement of equipment for production and storage of wine
etc.
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would enhance valorization of unused arable lands
and increase of high-quality domestic wine supply, produced
within contemporary equipped wineries.
IMPLEMENTATION From 3 to 5 years
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be determined
day/man)
POTENTIAL Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water management
PARTNERS/RELATION Municipality of Bar
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Tourism Board of Bar

TITLE OF THE ACTION NETWORKING OF FARMERS FROM CRMNICA AIMED AT

MORE EFFECTIVE USAGE OF GRANTS
PROPOSER(S) Snežana Marković – Office for Project Management,
Municipality of Bar
STRATEGIC AXIS 2.Raising locals’ and foreigners’ awareness and
knowledge about Crmnica wine destination in Montenegro
2.1.Positioning of Crmnica wine region within Montenegro
brand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION European Union funds are available to support investments in
wine production and to promote EU wines in non-EU countries,
such as Montenegro. It is necessary that all winemakers from
Crmnica unite in one network, association or cluster in order to
participate at different IPA programs by applying with project
proposals related to development of winemaking
(intensification of winegrowing and winemaking, increasing
skills and knowledge related to winemaking, preservation of
natural resources with simultaneous valorization of complete
heritage capital etc). Office for Project Management within
Municipality of Bar provides continuous support to the

49
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 stakeholders during the processes of projects’ application and
implementation. Therefore, even inexperienced farmers in
domain of projects management, if united and with innovative
ideas, are qualified as potential applicants and later on as final
beneficiaries of the grants.
EXPECTED RESULTS This Action would enable obtaining additional financial sources
for the development of winemaking, beside regular subsidy
programs. Also, this would improve market participation of the
products originating from Crmnica and enable their better
visibility in the country and abroad.
IMPLEMENTATION From 2023 to 2027
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and Premises for the Association (renting fees)
day/man) Financial resources for marketing and communication
One administrative employee (for the beginning)
POTENTIAL Farmers from Crmnica
PARTNERS/RELATION Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Municipality of Bar
Local community of Crmnica

TITLE OF THE ACTION ONLINE MARKETING OF CRMNICA SUBREGION

PROPOSER(S) Ivo Pejanović - Winery “Pejanović”
STRATEGIC AXIS 2.Raising locals’ and foreigners’ awareness and
knowledge about Crmnica wine destination in Montenegro
2.2.Digitalization of wine products promotion and sales in
the country and abroad
BRIEF DESCRIPTION The local population related to winemaking is not sufficiently
educated about products promotion, rarely speaks English and
there is a significant lack of skills related to marketing and
communication. Although the products from this subregion are
of undeniably high quality, their better presentation is
necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to combine traditional
and innovative promotional channels in order to present
subregion of Crmnica and wine sector originating from here.
The development of an adequate logo, slogans and other
marketing elements are part of this measure. Also, there is a
need for finding and activating other communication channels
for promotion of wine tourism projects (ex. via journals dealing
with the agriculture and wine tourism activities). Also, there is a
good idea about launching a campaign for the engagement of
bloggers and social media influencers to perform marketing
promotion of Crmnica’s wineries and therefore promoting the
whole subregion under a unique hash tag. Also, a mobile
application (Android, iOS) is necessary, both available online
and offline, that should contain comprehensive general
information about agri-tourism services offer in Crmnica, with
additional modules (ex. thematic maps and routes, guide
contacts, restaurants with eno-gastronomic offer etc.). Paths
and trails in Crmnica should be equipped with interactive
screens that contain all of the information mentioned above,
together with environmental and cultural peculiarities of the
area. The last, but not the least, development of Crmnica’s

50
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 wine portal (with a module of booking and reserving visit of the
certain winery, degustation, meal, accommodation, active
participation in the field work etc.) would be both interesting
and useful method to attract people to come and spend the
money.
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would increase number of visitors to the subregion,
as well as their higher satisfaction and overall experience.
IMPLEMENTATION From 2022 to 2025
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be determined
day/man)
POTENTIAL Municipality of Bar
PARTNERS/RELATION Tourism Board of Bar
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Tourist agencies
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management

TITLE OF THE ACTION PRESENTATION OF CRMNICA SUBREGION AS A WINE

DESTINATION
PROPOSER(S) Miloš Rajković – Winery “BUK”
STRATEGIC AXIS 2.Raising locals’ and foreigners’ awareness and
knowledge about Crmnica wine destination in Montenegro
2.1.Positioning of Crmnica wine region within Montenegro
brand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION It is important that National and local tourism boards
representatives present subregion of Crmnica at exhibition-fair
events as wine destination, especially at the events related to
the promotion of organic production, traditional practices,
stimulation of local products and handcrafts etc. Also, Crmnica
Wine Routes catalogue, with included offer of wine producers
from this region, should be distributed online and offline to the
widest general public. The presentation of the Crmnica
subregion as a wine destination at various world fairs is very
important activity, given that in this way it would attract far
more tourists and thus increase sales of local products. Also,
National Tourism Board should enable participation of both
entrepreneurs from Crmnica and their employees at the
international wine trade shows, valuable platforms to build
brand and wine destination recognition. Exhibiting at large wine
fairs can give a big boost towards expanding distribution of the
products at the target markets.
EXPECTED RESULTS This Action would stimulate tourists and experts in this area to
come to Crmnica and taste the products, but as well it would
enable better selling of the local products.
IMPLEMENTATION Continuous
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be planned by the annual budget of National Tourism Board
day/man)
POTENTIAL National Tourism Board
PARTNERS/RELATION Local Tourism Board
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Tourist agencies
Hotels
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management

51
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 Municipality of Bar

TITLE OF THE ACTION ECOLOGICAL VITICULTURE AND VINICULTURE OF

CRMNICA
PROPOSER(S) Dragan Pejanović and Aleksandar Bulatović
STRATEGIC AXIS 1.Implementing sustainable wine sector in the function of
nurturing environmental protection while ensuring
profitability
1.1.Enabling sustainable conservation of natural
resources in Crmnica
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Currently, there is no organic wine market in Montenegro or
registered organic winegrowers/winemakers in Crmnica.
However, there is a great potential because majority of farmers
in Crmnica are dedicated towards different traditional
agricultural practices that maintain balanced ecosystem in the
vineyard. For example, majority of farmers fertilize the soil with
manure, humus, compost or other organic nutrient suppliers
rather than mineral fertilizers. Also, these continue with crop
protection, where only pure sulfur and copper are used against
powdery and downy milder. Weeds in the vineyards are mostly
removed mechanically, i.e. without chemical herbicide. Also, in
order to maintain the soil life and biodiversity in the vineyards,
as actively as possible, most of the vineyards are planted with
various plants between the rows of vines. Therefore, how is
than possible that there is no registered organic wine
producers in Crmnica? Obviously, it is necessary to facilitate
the procedures of organic production registration, as well as to
form the teams (not only for inspection purposes) who would
provide free advisory services for farmers who are in transition
from conventional towards organic production, but as well to
identify potential organic vineyards in Crmnica. The opening of
organic wineries would create an additional attractiveness of
this area, and enable the production of wine of even higher
quality. In this way, the price of the products would be higher,
and ecotourism would develop as a consequence of the
realization of this project. This region is rich in numerous
natural resources, such as Skadar Lake, rivers, mountains,
specific flora and fauna, conservative approach to agriculture,
absence of pollutants, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to
constantly promote this site as a natural resource rich in all of
these values.
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would lead towards more successful preservation
of land, water and air resources, production of the wines of
great quality and high market prices.
IMPLEMENTATION Continuous
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and Advisory service teams
day/man)
POTENTIAL MONTEORGANICA
PARTNERS/RELATION Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Municipality of Bar

52
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
TITLE OF THE ACTION WINE CLUSTER OF CRMNICA
PROPOSER(S) Tomislav Ukšanović – Winery “KALIMUT”
STRATEGIC AXIS 3.Training and activating rural community, entrepreneurs
and companies in Crmnica to improve the value of
comprehensive wine tourism offer
3.2.Encouragement of Crmnica wine tourism network
development
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Individual vineyards in Crmnica cover areas in the range from
<0.5 to <5 ha. The number of wine stock generally ranges from
5,000 to 20,000 bottles. Small and medium wine producers
face a number of problems, with main weaknesses and
limitations such as: lack of financial resources, low production
volumes and high costs for the required investments. Also,
additional challenges are inadequate marketing practices and
product positioning strategies. Due to the small size of
vineyards and production capacities, winemakers often face
considerable barriers to grown. Individually, they cannot
achieve economies of scale in production, have limited power
in the purchase of inputs and are unable to take advantage of
market opportunities that require the delivery of large stocks of
standardized products. Linkages with the tourism sector are
still weak, while the agricultural sector requires significant
investments into plantations, construction of wine cellars and
tourist catering facilities. Importance of wine cluster
development was recognized in The Program of Rural Tourism
Development of Montenegro with the Action Plan 2019-2021.
Through the clusters, it is more clear and easy to articulate and
conduct all of the necessary activities. Cluster of wine
producers from Crmnica would represent the interests of
growers and winemakers from this region in order to manage
their joint efforts to improve quality standards of produced
grapes and wine, to register and legalize their individual
production, to more easily purchase planting material, wine
growing and wine production equipment under preferential
terms, to participate to domestic and international fairs, to
counterpart of relevant ministry as member of working groups
during the drafting of new laws and other important documents,
to organize joint activities, such as: fairs, sale events, auctions,
study tours etc. The main goal of this cluster would be to
create one common wine from Crmnica. Within cluster, it
would be able to perform joint bulk purchase of inputs, joint
advertising, and shared use of equipment, provision of
technical assistance by business associations or investment in
infrastructure by the public sector. The cluster should include
staff of local self-government unit, NGO, business support
organization, education and training institutions, SMEs,
government institution representative. This idea has strong
grounds because there is already existing cooperation
amongst the SMEs and individual producers and a well-
established local association; good quality products and
investment into individual brand.
EXPECTED RESULTS This action would enable higher volume of wine production,

53
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1
 lower costs for the required investments in the vineyards,
winery and cellar, without any wine quantity surplus occurrence
etc.
IMPLEMENTATION From 2 to 4 years
PERIOD
RESOURCES (€ and To be determined
day/man)
POTENTIAL Association of winegrowers and winemakers
PARTNERS/RELATION Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management
WITH OTHER ACTIONS Investment Development Fund
Business Start-up Center Bar
Municipality of Bar

*First list of agreed actions to be validated and later included in the local action plans (Deliverable T.3.4.1)

54
Deliverable T3.3.1, version 1