Phonetics

Consonants

Voicing – vibration of the vocal

cords.
Voiced: there is vibration Voiceless: there is no
when the consonant sound is vibration when the consonant
produced. sound is produced.
/v/,/b/, /d/, /g/, /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/,
/dʒ/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /t/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /θ/,
/r/, /z/, /ʒ/, /ð/,
/ŋ/, All vowels are
voiced.
Rule 1
If the last sound of a regular verb is
voiced, then the pronunciation of the
past tense is with /d/
Loved
Agreed
Belonged
Rule 2
If the last sound of a regular verb is
voiceless, then the pronunciation of
the past tense is with /t/
Kissed
Talked
Blessed

Rule 3
If the last sound of a regular verb is
/t/ or /d/, then the pronunciation of the
past tense is with /Id/
Wanted
Added
Alerted
/t/ - 1 /d/ - 2 /Id/ - 3
Finished Played Started
Asked Traveled Needed
Missed Lived
Cooked
Watched
Liked
Typed

/t/ - 1 /d/ - 2 /Id/ - 3

Baked Annoyed Attended
Pump Begged Avoided
Appeared Afforded
Argued Admited
Bombed