"ED"

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Pronunciation of -ed changes according to the last sound
of verbs. There are three possible ways to pronounce -ed.

/ıd/
For verbs ending with /t/ and /d/ sounds,
the - ed ending is pronounced as /ıd/.

started hated visited

wanted ended needed

/d/
For verbs ending with a voiced sound,
the - ed ending is pronounced as /d/.

VOICED SOUNDS
Voiced sounds utilize the vocal chords so
that they are referred as vibrating sounds.
All vowels are voiced sounds.

/b/ /d/ /g/ /j/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /r/ /v/ /z/

used cleaned charged

argued answered described

/t/
For verbs ending with a voiceless sound,
the - ed ending is pronounced as /t/.

VOICELESS SOUNDS
Voiceless sounds do not activate the vocal
chords so that they do not have vibration.

/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /ʃ/ /ʧ/ /s/

asked cooked finished

jumped watched laughed
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