PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH FORMS ENDING IN –ED ENGLISH b2

WARM UP: WHAT IS A VOICED SOUND? HOW DO YOU MAKE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
VOICED AND VOICELESS?

First and foremost, all vowels are voiced because they need the work of the vocal chords to be
produced. If you hold your neck while pronouncing you will feel the vibration of your voice.

Voiced consonants are produced in the same way. The vocal chords vibrate as
well. Voiceless consonants, however, are hard consonants, with blowing or
percussive sounds, often like an explosion of air. If you don´t say them with a
vowel, your vocal chords will not move.

Ex. A E I O U mmmm (tasty!) =voiced=zzzzzzz! (mosquito flying)

voiceless=shhhhh ( Be quiet!)

PRONUNCIATION OF –ED FORMS http://www.englishclub.com/pronunciation/-ed.htm

The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:

base verb (v1) past simple (v2) past participle(v3)

work worked worked

In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:

 I like painted furniture. The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?

The answer is: In 3 ways - / id/ or / t/ or / d/

If the base verb ends in one of these example base example pronounce extra
sounds: verb*: with -ed: the -ed: syllable?

unvoiced /t/ want wanted

/ id/ yes
voiced /d/ end ended

/p/ hope hoped no

/f/ laugh laughed

/s/ fax faxed

unvoiced / t/
/S/ wash washed

/tS/ watch watched

/k/ like liked

voiced all other sounds, play played / d/

for example...
allow allowed
 beg begged

* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the
letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.

Exceptions : The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /Id/:

 Aged (old)  Dogged (obstínate)  Ragged (wearing old clothes)

 Blessed (glorified)  Learned (erudite)  Wicked (evil, inmoral)

 Crooked (curved)  Naked (undressed)  Wretched (afflicted)

So we say:

 an aged man /Id/

 a blessed nuisance /Id/
 a dogged persistance /Id/
 a learned professor - the professor, who was truly learned /Id/
 a wretched beggar - the beggar was wretched /Id/

But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:

 he aged quickly /d/ - El envejeció rápido

 he blessed me /t/ - El me bendijo.
 they dogged him /d/ - Le siguieron de cerca
 he has learned well /d/ or /t/ - El ha aprendido bien.

EXERCISES Listen and repeat the following –ed forms:

VOICELESS +/ t/

Asked baked brushed cooked cracked crashed danced

dressed dropped escaped finished fixed guessed
helped hoped hiked joked jumped

VOICED : +/d/

Arrived believed belonged burned called

carried changed cleaned closed covered
cried damaged described died dried earned
enjoyed entered explained

T/D ENDING + /-id/

Arrested collected contacted counted

decided defended demanded ended
divided expanded expected exported
graduated hated hunted included invited
invented landed needed painted planted
printed
Ed as “T”

asked
baked
brushed
cooked
cracked
crashed
danced (da:ns) + t
dressed
dropped
escaped
finished
fixed
guessed
helped
hoped
hiked
joked
jumped
knocked
kissed
laughed (læf) + t
locked
looked
missed
mixed
packed
passed
picked
pressed
pushed
pronounced
relaxed
slipped
smoked
stopped
shopped
talked
typed
walked
washed
watched
worked
ED – D VOICED SOUNGS

advised (ad’vaiz) + d
agreed
allowed
answered
appeared
arrived
believed
belonged
burned
called
carried
changed
cleaned
closed
covered
cried
damaged
described
died
dried
earned
encouraged
enjoyed
entered
explained
explored
filled
followed
happened
interviewed
imagined
jailed
killed
listened
lived
loved
measured
moved
opened
planned
played
performed
pulled
realized
remembered
rained
repaired
saved
shared
shaved
showed
signed
slammed
stayed
snowed
studied
tried
traveled
turned
used
welcomed
whispered
worried
yawned

+ED

attended
arrested
collected
contacted
counted
decided
defended
demanded
divided
ended
expanded
expected
exported
flooded
graduated
hated
hunted
included
invited
invented
landed
needed
painted
planted
printed
presented
pretended
protected
provided
rented
repeated
reported
respected
rested
scolded
skated
started
shouted
treated
visited
waited
wanted
wasted