OT PEAAKUMH H3AATENBCTBA . ‘Tpeicnoprmsh 207 MNTeHCHBHO RoMOANSIeTER cyAAMH, OCHaullenMEMH cAO%- sn TeXRWeCKHMN CPEACTBAMH © BECOKOR creneHbO nx abTOMATHALIIH, B CORK cai of OOcavmHBaIoIeTO Mepcowasa TpeOyeTCA BMCOKAM KBAIMUKAUNA Ia OGecrewenus HagexroctH paGoTe cYAOBKX sMepreTHNecKHX YeTaHOBOK H BcrOMOra: enix MexaHWaMoB, CyAoBMX cHCTEM H CYAKa B UeOM. B uessx nopuulenua KeaswbwKaunn cyaonux skunaxel H NosrOTOBKH MoAOREX cnewianicton Hagaterscrao «Tpaucnopr> Bunyckalorea KHMTH NO onpenerenHwM paomenan cyaosoH TeXInKN: y¥eGuNKH, cupasoHMuKH, a TAKE AMTepaTYpa AAR HN Keenepow # TexHnkos. B wactosuliee apeMa nce Goabive SHMMANUR Ha haoTe Yaeas: even HayWeHHO CMEXMUX NpoeccHA AIR MOATOTeAKR MACCOBHX KAZpOB No cTeUH- ANbHocTAM: — HAD. B conan c stm BosHiKaeT HeoGxoaHMocTh TakKe B NYOAMALHH Kir, OXBaTHDAIO- U)IX B OANOM H3MaNHH BcIO cyaoByIO TexHuKY. HMeHHo TAKOR KuNTOR seaxeTCH KHH- ra JL A. Tefiaopa , Aprop crpewiutea K npocroTe waaoxenHs Matepiaa M8 Gomumncree caysaes crapaaca pacnpuite dusnveckyio cyumoers sBaewWA, He NpHGeran x MaTeMaT#Necko My annapaty. OcoGeHHo.9To eMy Yaanoch npi uanoeKewA MaTepHaa Mo peryaHpe ‘Bani Napawerpos paGorw cyaobux TexHnueckHX epeACTD. ‘Asrop xuturs, JA. Teluiop, mopexoll winKenep. Tip RoarotosKe pycckoro H3naHNR TeKcT KHHFM MecKOaBKO COxpallleH, B OcHOB- MOM nyTeM HeKAMONeHHR MaTepHasa no cyxomuM KOTAaM Ha YronbioM oTonzeHNN M pala eropoctenewiaix MpHADKEHHA Tpyato cotaachrsea ¢ yrBepAeHNeM aBTopa, TO KHNTa OxBaTHBAET BCIO Npo- Tpamsy Kypca Ma noay¥ewhe aynaoMa MexaKHKa TPeTsero paspaaa. TpeOonannn K suakwaM MexaHuxa Tpersero paapana B Haweh crpane npeayeMaTpyaaior Gozee FayOoxoe NsyueHHe cyaoBoR TexnHKH, TloaToMy €€ MO2kHO PeKOMHAOBAT» Kak 2ONOR= HuTemsatiA MatepHad aaa Kaapos Maccomuy mMpodeccu Ha cyaax pH ocROeHNA ewerRiiix npogecci TPEAHCHOBHE Hacromuan kunra sbagetes BBoaHOA B PRAY KHUIT, BEIMyCKaeMUX HoAaTeTeCTROM xBavrepsope> no cyaoexannueckof enekansioct. B xiire 8 npocTon qopwe onticsisaiores ace Blak MeXaHINaMOR, BeTpeNAIOUINXeR @ cocTaBe cyROBOR sHeprerh- eCKoH YeraMoBkH, Hx APHHWHN AelicTBHA, YCTPOMcTBO K npagliaa o6cayauBaHiIR, STH oncamia conposox.taiorca NepTenann WK CXeMaMH, Bo scex cayuanx ocoGoe siuimauie oOpauiaeTcn Ha coGmoReNKe npaBua sKenay- aTaUHH H TexmiKH GesonacHOcTH NpH OGCAYAWBAHHK MexaHaMOR, a 2 HeOGXOANMBX caywanx aenaeres cotunka Ha PyKOBOAAINe LOKYMeHTH H NpaBHna. Toxpo6Ho onk- Culsaloren pasawunne BAM aBapnfnoro OGopYAOBAHAR H HMyUlecTea, gore Af oTBesaeT cyuecTayioiie MporpaMme MOAroTOBKH cyAOBuX MexaMKOR 3.20 4 4-10 kaaccon Bpraucxoro Toprosoro rota w yeSuomy maanty nepouit AByx ie? OGyHenA 8 MOPCKHX y¥eOREX JasenenAex BeaukoOpuraHut. B KHHTY BKAOYEHE ‘Take AOMOAMNTEMBAME MATEPHANN AIK HCHONSORAHNA HX MPH NosrOTOBKE K CAaNe skoaMena na aomkHocth KaniraHa cYaHa Mavepnaa xuurn anoiken B OcHOBHOM MpocTo, noctarowwo ana Tord, ¥ToOu aT smrraremo npeacranaeume 0 paccMaTpHBaeMesX BONPOCEX, NpexAe Vem OH MPH crymhT ie Hayueuo Gone AeTaabibiX Y¥EONBX HocoSHA no LaHWoR cneuwaMbuocrh A. Teanop 51. CYMA VX SHEPTETHYECKHE YCTAHOBKK 14. CYAA Tipexae vem onucwipar sHepreTHueckyio yeTanoBKy cyana, culeRy- eT, BHAHMO, LT» cBeneHHA O cyaHe BOOSIE. PasmHHitbte OOAsaHUOCTH cynoBoro MexaHHKa cBOMATCR B OCHOBHOM K TOMY, YTOGB CyAHO Pa- Gorano HanexHo, shpextHBHo, sxoHOMHYHO H GesonacHo, B 3aBHCH- MOcTH OT Tifa HepreTuecKoH yeTAHOBKH PacnorOKeHHe MeXAHHSMOB Ha cyANe MOKeT GUTS pasaHVHBM, TAKKE KAK pasaHunuimy OYLYT OGopygzopanHe H BcoMoratembHBIe MeXaHHSMEI. DTK OGeToATeNbeTBA onpexenaiot TpeGosauHa K SKcnayarailit H peMONTY cyaHa H, ceRO- BaTeAbHO, oObeM OBRsaKHOCTeA cyAOvOTO MexAHHKa. Cynuo—9T0 caoxmHOe MopexonHoe CoopyxxenHle, KoTOpoe ¢ Go:tb- Wol HanexkHocThO HB TeeHHe AHTeEADHOTO BPEMeH MoxeT pabo- TaTb aBTOHOMHO B APHCYULMX MopcKOH cTHXHH yes1oBHAX. TIpoeKT cya- Ha — so pesyabrat coBMeCTHO seATeMbHOCTH MiKEHEPOS-KODAbTe- ctponteaeh H HinKeHlepos-MexaHHKoB. HuakeHep-xopaGzectponTenb MpoeKTHpyeT Kopnyc cydHta, ero KONCTPYKUHIO H OOBOAL, OOHTAeMocTS W Mopexoamue KatecTBa. Hinkedep-MexaHuk oTBedaeT 3a MpOeKTHPO- BaHHe cHCTeM, OGecnesHBaOMMX TBWKeHHe cytHa H ynpapJeHite HM, 1. @, mpoekTHpyer sHepreTiteckyio yeTaHoBKy, pysleROe, aKOPHOe, wBapToBHOe H rpysonoxvemume ycrpolicTBa, OGopyAoBanie AAR KOH AWUHONHPOBAKNA BOIAYXA H 3neKTpOSHEpreTHYEcKHe cHCTemps. MHorAa, aK, HaNpHMep, MpH MpoekTHpoBaHiH DHHTA, KOrAa pemlaioTen 3anauy To YwelibueHnio iyMa H BHOpaudH, HB pale ApyrHx cayyaes rpeoy- etes cosMecTitas pa6oTa KopabaectpoUTedelt H MeXaHHKOS. Cygopne nomemenua MoxHO PasgeaHTh ua TPH Tpynmt: rpysoBEte TPIOMH, KuTHIE H CAY KONE OMEMIEHHA H MALIHEHBIe OTAeTENHA, B sapiicumocta or THNa cyaHa MOXKeT HIMENATHCA Kak COOTHOUIEHHE STHX CPYNN MOMeMLeHHit no OGwEMY, TAK H Hx CocTaB. Ha TaHKepe, Ha- TpHMep, TpysoBue NOweLLeHHA SAHMMaIOT OOabINyIO YacT’ CyaHa Mpenctasasior co6oh uutcTepHbl, Pasnenewuble MponoabHIMH H some pewnbimn nepeGopkamy. Ha naay6e H 8 TpioMax Mpoacxeno Horo TpyGonpoRonos. CyaHo AIA NepesosKH cyxHx rpysoB HMeeT HeCKOABKO TpY3OBLIX TpioMoB, KOTOPHIe OOLIYHO PacnomaraioTes Mo BeeH MHpHHe cyasia 2 paaneasioter nonepe¥itiMH mepeGopkamn no ero aaHne. Ha nanyOe uMeetes rpysononwesttoe yerpolierso H Gornutte rpyaosue JHOKM, 3akpurBaioUlKiecR cTanbiBIMH KpUKaMM. Ha cymax oOoHx TH NOB LOMKHO GET LocTATOUNOe KOAHYECTBO IHX nOMeMerAl jLIst 6KoMaHgel H CAYKEGHBIX nomeneHHA At ynpanneHuA cyaHoM. Orem MaMINHHBIX OTHENeHHH onperenseTcs THHOM BEIOPEHHON sHepreTHue- Ckofi YCTAHOBKH H 4HCIOM BcnOMOraTedbHBIX MexaHHaMoB. Ha macca- SeupcKOM CYAHE KIIBIE H CayKEOHME MOMeMeHHA ONpaBAaHHO 3aHH- mai0T O4€Hb GorbUIOH OOveM. SHepretH¥ecKaA ycTaHoBKa Ma nacca- JRUPCKOM CYAHE AOKHA OGecneNHBat> padoTy KOHAHUHOHepOB BOsAYX2, YeMOKOHTeseM KAYKH H APyrOro OSopyaoBaHHs, conecTAY!O- mero yayumeHio OGcayRHBAHHA NaccaKHpoB, 1.2. HEPTETHYECKHE YCTAHOBKH Ha coppementintx cynax cyuectayloT siepreTHueckie ycraHoBKH apex ocHositsix THNOB. K HHM OTHOCATCR: YCTAHOBKH C MamOOGOPOTHAI- Mi 2NSeA8MH Hc MpsMOM Nepedavel MOULNOCTH Ha BHHT; yeTaHOBKH co CpenHeoGOpOTHEIMH ANBEAIMH H PeAyKTOPOM; MapoTypOHHHBe ye TaHOBKH C Mepegayell MoWHOCTX Ha BHHT wepes peayxop. JocTouuct- Ba H HeAOCTATKH STHX ycTaHOBOK NOCTORHHO MeHSIOTCR ¢ pasBHTHeM TeXHIKH HC HMeHeHHEM PasAHYNBIX SKONOMUYECKHX akTOpOB, Ha ApuMep KoneSanHem uex Ha Hedrs. Tostomy Gyaet aavio oOuree On#- cane YCTAHOBOK STHX THIIOB C TOUKK SpeHHA Hx KOHCTPYXUMH Yetanoskn c maaooGopoTHumn 2H3eAAMH. B snepreTHuecKOH yora- HoBKe TanKepa, MpeAHasHavenHioro Zax OgHOBpeMeHHO! mepesosKHL pasamuaeix HedrenponykTos, B KavecTae raaBHoro ABHTateAA wacTO HpHMeHseTCR WeCTHUHAMNAPOBL AHIeMb C HeNOCpenCTREHHOR mepe- Aavell MomHocT# Ha rpeSHol Bam. Bunt QuKexpopansoro ulara apa- maerca c yactoTo# 122 06/mux. ObsiHo TPH AHSeM-reHepatopa, a TaKKE PRA HECOCOB pasmHHOTO HAsHaNeNHs PacnomarawoTca Ha YPOB- ke Hactuna MauMunoro oraenenna nan daopann. Ha mixnefi naar opme mawaHHoro oTmeneHHA MOMeUeHN BosmyUIHBA KOMnpeccop ¢ Gaanouasm, cenapatop TpIOMHBx BOR, yeraHOBKH NO OOpaGoTKe TON- dupa H CMasouHoro Macaa H pasmHunbe oxaagnTea. Ha sto xe NaaTopme pacnoxoxenti BOLOONpecHHTetBHAR YCTAHOBKa, yCTaHOBKa To obpaGorke cToUMbx BOR H YeTbIPE TYPOHHB AIA IPHBOLA TPyIOBBX Hacocos. B KopMosof vac BepxHel naaTopMM HaxORATCA KoTed AAA MogorpeBa KHAKOTO TPY3a H HeOOMbUIOR BCOMOTaTesBHBIA KOTE.. Ha octanpnoit wactH Bepxnielt naaropma pactomarawrcs paasmuxnie MaCTepckHe M KAaLOBKe, MeHTpaabHBill OCT YnpaBAeN ycTaHOBKO!, CTaHuha BoAonOAFOTOBKH H KOHAeHCATOP TYPGHH rpys0Bbx Hacocoa B xopnyce Haxctpoliky nomemawrea yruausauHonHbl KoTeN, ¥C- Kporacurediu w raymuTenH pasaHunelxX BuINYCKHBIX CHCTeM, a TAKKE yetanoska uneptuoro raza Yeranowxn co cpenHeoGoporHemH AZeanMH HM penyKTopoM, Ma- lnHiHy!o yoraHoBky, HampHMep, OAMOTO M3 TaHKepoB cocraBtmwT 28a naarbopaea 1245 off —anaveopue 86m 8ravenbitbill KoTed H apa KOTMOarperata Aaa nosorpeBa HehTH B TAR- xax (uucTepaax). Kpome toro, wa nepxieli maatopme mMewrca Cemapatop TPIOMHBX Bom, BOILyLIAHe KOMMPeccops H GazJONLH. B Koxyxe TpyOs pacnaaoxenst TayuIMTeH wiyMa BIINYCKHBX cuCTeEM PAABHBIX ABHPATecIel H AHSeTH-TeHepaTOpoD, TlapotypOxausie yeranoeKw, B onepreruueckoi ycrawonKe KOH- reiiueposo3a, nokasaHHoh ua puc. 1.1, B Kavectge riasHiIx xBHraTe- seli ticnombayiorca Be asyxxopnycHsie maposble Typ6uum. Tak Kak O6opynoBanHe Pacnonaraerca B OCHOBHOM CHMMeTpHYHO, Ha puc. 1.1 noka3aHbi J\8e MOAOBMHIL paspeson cya M MOAOBHNA ero BHAA cBED- xy. Kaavtaa TypOWHa vepes aayxcrynenatiit peayxrop W aBToHoS neti YROPABIA NOAWHNHAK nepesaer BpalleHHe Ka ceok rpeOHO! BHAT uxcuponannoro wara. Taapuse KoHAeNcaTops pacnoaaraiTes non TypONHAMH HHSKOTO RaBaenus. Ha xoMy cyAHa BONA K KOHReHCATO- pam nonaeres Yepes BoAosa6opHHK, a npH MaHespHPOBaKHH cyANa — OT WpKyaAMHOHHOTO Hacoca. Ha wacTare MaulMHHoro OTmeKeuHA BOKPyT r1aBHbix TypGuH pac- HooKeHO MHOTO HaCOCOB ANA HX OOCAYKHBAHHS H Alia PasnHVAELX 8) fia paspeaa no 101 maanroyry, sua w KoPMy: e— nosoBINa psspesa no 101 umaMroyry, on arto pane see Fexepavopanir 4 Ragess-reteperop rnepewentoro Tota, 3 ah NOnopnaeuncrepna opeenoR sony; /?-—raamak “napoaen Typbie, 75 nomapMud Macoe hein honmencarop. 17" rnannnih. Ronaencavmuh acoc, 78 — Tprivrl-Gangacrmu nacoc: 19 wach 2r"eacocul u_ Gnantpa eicrewus enasmay 22" erotkow Mocawan aerepea: 29 Sanaensn tactepna nivavessaon noni 26 Mexavsweckap.Anaxowes 29 nepavopnepenennoro. roxs: 34 ronaunan aactepu, 29 —UOeTepacyaoBiIx.cucTeM, ScnoMoraTenbHBIi Kore, paGorarounh Wa -KHLKOM Tonause, ycranoBka no o6padorKe crounx Hox. B KopMosoit YacTH- 3a akycTHieck#M 9Kpaslom TOMeWIEHK! TpH AUSeb-TeHeparopa nepe- MeHROTO TOKA: Ha maathopmax, pacnonoxkennuix Ha BucoTe 8,5 M, ¢ KaRROTO Gopta cront no OmHOMy TypGorexeparopy MepeMenHoro TOKa H BO3- AYXOAYBKa Ji TaBHBx NapoBsix KOTO. Sec KE pAsMeUleHN ni yaTeAbHBIe HACOCKI M APyrHe IeMeHTE MHTATeABHOR cHCTEMB KOTOR. Cami xorab pacnonaraiores B KOpMOBEIX YaCTAX STHX nloMelLeHH B nocomsx vactax naathopm moMeutaiotcs ase onpecunrebuse YeTaHOBKH, a B KOPMOBHX — Be YCTAHOBKH CHCTeMBi MHTbEBOH BORN. ja naaTPopMe, pacnosoxenoh ua BHICOTe 16,2 M, pasMemaeTcR aniapatypa Yilpasaenua mpoueccom ropeHHa B TOMKaX KoTAOB ¢ Me- cTHoro nyauTa YnpabjenAA, Xora O6uMHO ynpaBseKHe ropeHHeM OCy- mectaaserct 13 LINY. Ha sto xe naardopme pacnoroxex arperat TONARBONDATOTOBKA AAA KOTOR, KTIOTAOULMH Hacocst H noLOrpeD: tea, Bute B KOxyxe KOT&a HMeeTCA NeaspaTop, a B KOKYXe TPY- 6s —rayuvuTeH Wyma AH3eAb-rexepatopon. O6cayxuBanHe 3a MexaHWamamH YcTaHoBKH. B ovexs _ peakux cay4asx CYAOBOH MexXaHK HeCeT OTBETCTBEHHOCTS AMIMIb 3a Te MeXa- HHSMB Hl CHCTeMbI, KOTOPHe pacnomomeHsl B MalLMAHOM oTaeMeHHH, B paswax gapmax w KoMMakisx nocTynaioT m0-pasHOMy, HO O6W4HO Bee MexaHH3Mi Ha cYANe, 34 HCKMONEHHEM pagoannaparyps,, Ha- XOATCA B BedeHHH CymOBKIX MexanHkos. B pate cayuaes Ha cyaue MoxeT Obit S:1eKTPOMEXAHHK, HO ECAH eTO HOJKHOCTS He MpeAyCMOT- peta wiTaTHBIM pacnHcaHiem, 10 ace OGcay:kuBaHHe 3a 39eKTPOOGO- PYAOBANMeN TOE BXOANT B OO#ZAHHOCTH CyAOBKIX MexaHHKOR ‘Bor novemy noaroToBKa cyAORLIX MEKANUKOB LOMKHA OCHOBLIBATH- cA Ha WMpoKOH TeopeTHueckoh H npakTHyecKoH Gaze. [IPH HeO6xo- AMMOCTH 8 PasHBX OGcTORTemBCTBAX cyAOBOl MeXAUK OAKEH GuITh H SAeKTDHKOM, a TKK cHeuMaHcTOM mo XOAOAHABHLIM H BeHTHAA- NMOHHLIM yeTaHOBKaM, NO ycTaHOBKaM KoNAHUMOHMpoBaHHA. B oTaH- ‘une OT Kodter, paGoraiomax Ha Gepery, cyaoROH mexaHMK jelicTByeT B YGHOBHAX nasBAHNA, KOTAA MeXaMMaM PadotaioT npH HaHOoabWell KOPPO3HOHHOM aKTHBHOCTH OKPYAalOMLell cpessi. Bone Toro, cysoBol MEXAHHK JODKeH ObITh B COCTORHHH MpHAUMATS caMOcToRTeRbHDIE peulenus 1 BaNOAKATE paGoTH NPH MoMOUILH AMUN Tex CpeacTs, KOTO- pble uMeIoTes B ero pacnopaxKeHHH. Ha coppemenom cyaie HMeetea mHoro caOxHIX MeXAHH3MOB, PaboraiouHx aBTOMATHNECKH B SakAHMBK PeKUMaX, YTOGLI B TeYeHTe AauTeAbHOTO MMaBaKHs GuIAH OGecnedeH XOpoUNe YouOBHA AAA pa- Gorm u oTabxXa HeMHorowHerenHoro akHnaxa cyawa, Len Hactor- Well KHHFH COCTOHT B TOM, YTOGHI MOMOYS HayueHHIO MpHWHNa pabo. TH H AelicTBHA cynoBbx MeXaiH3Mos. OGopygopauHe, c KoTOpLIM HMeeT 2eN0 MeXaHHK,— 3TO HA CHCTEMB, BKAOYAIOMe PAX MeKHX SaeMeHToR, HTH oTAeADHEE xpynNUe arperata, LaR sibdextusnon SKCHaTaUMH MexaHHSMOB HeOOxOAHMO 3HaTs HX yerpolicTso. 102. AW3ENM __ OE EEE 24. MPHHUMN PABOTBI Twseny —3t0 Takol THN ABHTaTeNA BHYTPeHHETO CropaHtHs, B KO- opoN TOMNBO BOCTJAMeHSeTCA pH BHDKICKHBAHNM ero B_KAaMEpy Cropantita, sanomHeHltyio CKaTHIM BOILYXOM ¢ BLICOKOM TeMmepaTypol. Kak # Bce aBuraTemH BHYTpeRHero cropaHHs, AH3eMs padoraer C onpenenentolt nocdledoBateabHOCTbI0 TakTOB, KOTOPAR MOET ObiTD OCTHriyTa 3a ABA HAM veTHpe xona mopula. Xoa— sto nepemeute- ye nopllia MexAy AByMs ero Kpalwumn TouKawa, Kaxabit xon HOpUINS COBepulaeTcH 3a MOJOBMHY OGOpoTa KONeHYaTOrO Bana, Yersipextaxtabil muka. Ox conepitiaeTcH 3 YeTHpe xona MopuIHa WIM 3a 2Ba O6opoTa KoAeHyaToro Bana. Tnx ocymectsnexHa sToro uuKsa AWIeMb 1O4DKEH HMeTH YerPOlicTBa AAA OTKPLITHA H SaKPHITHA BIYCKHBIX H BKMYCKHBIX K/amaHoB. Ecan nopuied HaxomuTCA B KDaiineH BepxHel YacTM cBoero xORA, 70 3T0 ero nomOKeHHe HASBIBAETCA BEPAHEH MePTBOM TOKO! (B. w.T.) Kak Tonbko noplilews HavuHaeT apHraTbca BHH3, snycKHOM Kanan OTKPbIBaeTCA H CBEXKHH BOSAyX SacacbipaeTcA B UNTHHAP (pHc. 2.1,a) B nikveli vacTu xoga nopumia, 7. ¢. B HIDKHel MepTBof TOKE (H.M.T.), BYCKHOH KaaNaH SaKpeiBaeTcs, HaYHHaeTCA CKATHE BOSRYXa B UM- aIuiape Hi, CAELOBATeNDHO, NOBLllIgeTeA TeMNepatypa BOSAYXa NO Mepe noxbema nopuia (pic. 2.1,6). Satem B iAKNAp BnpMICKHBa- erca ronanvo. Kak ToasKO Moplllelb AOCTHTHET B.M.T., MpOHCKOANT ctopanue Tonaupa, 8 pesyabrare oOpasyercs oweHD BLICOKOe AaBe- nite Tasos B UNAHHAPe (PHC. 2.1,6). SaTem NopuIeH’ nom BosreficTBH- eM oTux ra30B nepememaerea bus. IpH noaxone nOPUIHA K H.M.T. orkpuiaaerca BsInycKHoll Kanan. Ha sakmOWNTeABHOM xOme NOpUINs Soepx, sasepPlAWIlleM UHKA, NPOAYKTHM CrOpaHH# TONMAHBA BHITANKH- Baiores u3 uMauNapa. Kak TObKO NOpUeHb TORHHMETCA 10 B.M.T., uuka sawepuraerca (pwc. 21,2). DTH YeTbIpe XOLa MOpUIN® HasHBa- lores Bnyck (Bcackisanie), cxATHe, paGouHH XOR H BAINYCK Tpouecest unkaa cxematH¥Ho MOKa3antt Ha KpyroBOf AHarpaMMe (puc. 2.2). Tlokasau yroa nosopota Konenvatoro Bana, np KOTOPOM conepwaercs Kaxasit unKa. Ha AMarpaMMe pic. 2.2 ToaHO Bocnpo- NBOAHTCH peficTBNTeTDHMIA NHK, KOTOPHIA OTAHYAeTeA OT ero ympO- hienHoro onwcanua xa puc. 2.1. Jaa pasausnex KoHcTpyKUHA ABH Tareaeli yrs nosopota KoseHYaTOrO Baza B rpatyeax a1z coRepiue- Nia Toro HAM HHOTO mpouecca OyayT pasnmunbiMH. Tem He MeHee 97aWY, mY hs i @— patosnf x0x: 2 —vaxr aunyexa 12908; 1 — sayee: "3S aanuaps 4 ropumenss trary 8 xpnounn wom Naaman 2 Puc, 2.2. Kpyrosan auarpawma pacnpene- seins erupextaKtHoro axsens: J ommpunne snycxnoro xaarama: 2— navano ‘ihre “onpuursaninn’ fonamaa 5 inannag, = 2 5 Ora TT natn pauicnie Konewssrara sana; V—eunyor races . \ ’ “y ( Pac. 23. Unea axyxcaxrioro AHsens Sopaepucinnanne ronanee; 6 — aunyen razon: 6 — nponseea, e— omeTNG, 1 nopmenk, 2 Sonera aaamicge 4 Seta 8 Nptiotnn! = auinyeate “ote; 7—Aposyeounae 12pwc. 24, Kpyrosan suarpawna pacnpexe: meer eeea tet, aeaueat tae pe Se thers, Sia Paint xpyrosas AHarpamMa spanetes xa- paktepHoh aaa YeTbipexTaKTHHX qugeneii Bcex THNOB H KOHCTpyK- wii Teyxraktamit unka, On copep- maetch 3 ABa XOLa NOpUIKs, 7. e. 3a OHH MOAHB OGopor KoneHYA- oro Basa. [lan BLinonHeHHa sTOrO: uk, B KOTOPOM Kaxkbill TaKT (npoulecc) OcymLecTBAReTeA 3a Oe KOpOTKOe BPeMA, HSCS NOAKEN HMETS CHeuMambABe MIpueNocob.Ae- wus, Bo-nepBbix, CBexKHA CKaTbI BOSAYX ROWKEH ObITh Noa B UH- AWHAPHL AAR YAaACHAS BLINYCKHMX TaI0B H AMR HAKOTAeHUA HAW 32- DaAKH unaNMapa. Bano caysae (nByxraKTHBit HK) BMeCTO KaanaHos UcnOABsyITCA OTBEPCTHA B UMANHAPAX, TAK HasbIBAeMBIe OK- Ha, KOTOPMe OTKPHBAIOTCH H 3aKpHBaIOTeH BOKOROH MoBepxHOCTEIO TIO mepe ero xona. Korma nopues waxonurcs B B.M.7., MPOKCXORHT BHDLICKHBaHHe, @ satem cropanHe TONTHBA, KaK 9TO MOKaSaNO Ha Puc. 2.3,a. 3atem HOPUleHb YeTPeMAAeTCA BUHS, T. €. MPOHCXOAHT ero paGouni xon, 10 Tex nop, MOKa Tlopullenb He OTKPOET BRINYCKHEe OKHA Ha UHAHHApE (pue. 2.3,6). Jlatee HayunaeTcA npowece BLInycKa MpoayKTOB cro- Pauus (ra3o), 2 MOpuieN MPOMORAeT ABHTATBCA BHH3 NO Tex Top, Tloka Ke orkpoer anycKHue (MpoayBonKe) OKHa (puc. 2.3,@). 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Llwkst auseax ¢ pacxoasmunuten noplunsnt: 4 seacupayte; 6 — sunyen: ¢— npoayana: ¢— ABT}: I~ nepasi® nope, ? — dovevena: “PAN noplicua’ ¢—sujchaioe onto: 3 apoassonoe (otyexmee) orto ‘oURK, oH 06a HaNHHaIOT ABHraTbCA (NaBCTpeLy OAHH Apyromy). Ho Mepe cOaHKeHHS nopwKEl OHM aaKPLIBaIOT npoAyBOUNNE H BbINYCK- He OKHa, H MOcMe STOFO HauHHaeTCA XOR CKATHA Nepex BIPHCKH- naniem cropaHem Tonsupa (pyc. 2.5,2). Pastuunwe xeraay apy Boda ABYX PACKoAsIUUXcH NopuiHel MpHMeHHTeTBHO K RBATATeNAM 6yayt onucania Hike B >TO! raase. 22. YCTPOACTBO Yermpextaxtumit amseas, Tlonepesiuit paspes ero mokasan wa puc. 2.6. [lusens uMeeT mopulells, KoTOpHA nepememaerca BBEPX BHNa B MMMWHADe, 3aKPHTOM cRepXY KpHILIKOA. Ha KpHUNKE MHIHHAPA pacnosoxena TonjMBHas opey¥Ka, Yepes KOTOPY!O TonTHB0 TonaeT- ca B usanagp. KpoMe Toro, Ha KpMuuKe MHIMEAPA cMOHTHpoBaHH, BnyckHio# H BLINycKHO# KAanaHM, KOTOpHe saKpBIBaIOTeR MOCpeACTBOM npy-kau, Tlopureis coequnen ¢ uatyHOM pH ToMomM TopurHeBoro nasa. 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OxHa, pacnonorKeHHne b WMTHNAPOBOH BryaKe, npemMasHaveHBI 2.1 BMYCKA BOSAYXA B WH qwiulp, a Kanan Ha KpSlKe UMAHHApa—sAR YaaaenNA us Hero SHIYCKHBX raaos, B cTaauHe aHsena pactolOKen KosenvaTbIl Bal, xoropsii Omupaeres, Ha KopeHBIe MoauIunuuKi. LatyH 8 cBoeh Bepx- reli 4acTH cOeRHKEN c Kpelimkomom. TloctynaiouHl B UMANEAP 803- AYX NAarHeT2eTCs TYPGoBOsAyXORYBKOA, KOTOPAR NPHBOANTCA B seit- crave BUIXOARILUMH H3 WHAKRApA BEInyCKHUMH ragame, Hweiores yaKKe HaNPABAMOMLMe Napanwiens, nO KOTOPHIM KpeHUKONG CoBep- ulaer B03BpaTHo-noctynarenbHoe apiKeHHe. Ha sepruKamsHoh cra- HWE CMOHTHPOBAH LMIHHAPEL C UMAHEAPOBKIMH KPBIUIKAMH H BSI HYCKUSIM TPakTOM AnH OTBOLA BLINYCKHSIX Ta30B HI MMANHAPOB AH- seag. Cpastenme mpyxtaxtHoro H MeTMpextaxTHOro uMKaoB, OcHOBHOe pasMHNe MEXAY STHMK ABYMA LHKTAMH 3aKMOUAeTCA B CAEAYIOWEM. B aayxrakTHoM ausene onMH pa6ouHA xox Mopulns coBepulaetcA 32 xancabil OGOPOT, T. €. 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MOLLHOCTH, KOTOPaA ABJAETER MOLKHOCTHIO, paseHBae- MOH BHYTPH UKIMHApA ABHTaTeds, MexannueckHf HHAMKATOD (DUC. 2.8) npeqctasaser coGol HeGoabumof HopuieHs onpemenenHoro pas Mepa, KoTOpHi Nepemeutaerca B MUMKHAPE H CRHMAET KaAHOpOBAH- nyo npyauuy. YcHAMTeAbHBA pHMAKHh wexanHsM mMepedaeT RBH- xxelime nopuiig Gapabany, Ha KOTOPOM MaMoTaa Oymara HH nepgoxapra. BapaGak spaiuaiot a3aa 4 Bnepeg nocpenctaom npors- rnpanua neppoxaprs., Tephoxapty nepexsuraiot ssepx BHH3 o- chencrsom BosspaTHo-noctynaTenbHOrO ABHKEHHR MexanuaMa, pa6o- Taloulero CHHXPOHHO C ABHKEHHeM NOPWLHA B MKTHHAPE AH3eAA. Tlepo (nuwywai urd) BsepunBaer HRANKATOpHYW AMarpaMMy, KOTOpaR ‘bukchpyer AaBneHHe fasa Ha NOpuleH B MNAHHAPE AHSeAA MPH pas- AWHbIX sOLOKeHNAX Hopurns. TLtoulany stoh HAAUKaTOpHOR aKa rpaMMbs, BolYepeRNok B MacuTaGe, PanHa JelicTaNTerbHOM MoU HOCTH, PasBNBaeMOh B RaHiiom uHTHHAPE augers. Takum OGpasom, MOULHOCTS MOAHO 3aMEPHTb, sitat MaculTaGuble XapakrepHCTHKH, Ka AMOPOBKY NPYKHHBL H HeKOTOPHE OcHOBHEIe NOKASaTeNY Pa6oTH ‘ZBH- raveaa. [Ipoulece stot onucak B npHtOKeHHH 4 Topenomerp. Ero npumeusiot mpx onpenenenun sipexrupuoh MOULMOCTH AN3eAR, KOTOPAA ABARETCH MOMLHOCTDIO, PasBHBaeMoit AH- senem Ha pane. Ec xpyrsuitnh MoMeuT Ha Bate Ausens HoBeCTeN H uapecTila YraoBaa CKopocTs apauleHiA Bane, TO abdeKTHRYIO MOUL- Dac. 28, Moxon enamine on Ssectotenin” apmacomehiors sislerreatiacran. open “wasincrropa: 9 — ttasnarope, x "unahaopno™HOCTD ANSENK MOXKHO OnpegeTHTD KAK NpoUsBeReHHe STHX NapaMer- 08. PO'KpyraMN MoMeHT Ha pase anges MomNO onpeeANT», aamepan ‘TopCHOMeTpOM Yron CKPYYuBaHHA aaa. TopcHoMeTpH pasquTHEX ‘unos onucans 8 ra. 15. 24, MPOWECC TAIOOBMEHA, Tipoaysxa w Hagays. Tlogava Bo3zayxa B uHANHApH H YLanenve x9 HX BUINYCKHEIX Ta30B Mpercasamor co6oH npouecc ras006Mexa, KOTOPLI ABAKETCH OCHOBHOR yacTbw UNKa LenraTenei BHYTpeHHero cropans. 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Cxema typGonanaysa c npwBonom oT Bumnyckutix rasop.taa TY Maa0060poTHoro ABYXTAKTHOPO MH- r= gen n . i joxasana na pic. 29. oy q Typ6ososayxoxyaxa Han typGo- HarkeTaTeAb COCTOAT H3 TYPOHHEI c TazoBiim mpisogoM H BoaxyuorO Kommpeccopa, KoTopwie pacnoaioxke- Hut a omNoM Bany. Kommpeccop n Typ6una pasnerent nosayxonenpo- gems ynaoTHeHHeM. Sdpexrmsuaa npoayaka eod- XouiMa aa NOLaH cHexero Bos Pre. 28. Crewa rascrypommoro nanayea operon Mek monn 1 Neo. sesyscayanar“F° yontpeccop’ "5-— sponte Bouayia Th Til oroon a en han 782087) —noavon ones Cameeisottnn or ‘ah taunape nasean VS hoa weaAyxa B ZOCTaTOYHOM KosMYecTBE AAK MOANOrO Cropartia TonaHBA B UA atHapax ausena, B veTsipextaxTHetx Auseaax OGecnexeHo AocTaTOs Hoe mepexptitie (mo BpemewH) Mexkay OTKpBITHeM BHycKHOrO KaanaHa 4 3akpBITHeM BbiMyckHorO Kjanatta. B mBYXTaKTHLIX AH3eMAX TaKOe nepexpuitHe orpannueno, Tlostomy B nocneawem caywae 8 noctyniB- MEM 5 UHAHHAD CBEKEM BOSLyXe COREPRUTCH HeGOAbtIOe KOAHYECTBO mpHMece BunyCKHEIX 72308, B mastooGoporix asyxtaKtHbix AKSeIAX NPHMeNAIOTeR pasmHy- une coco6b Hattysa. Bo acex cayuaaX cuerkuit Bo3ayx noctynaer B WIMP NPM OTKPHITOM BNYCKHOM KJaNaHe H XOTe NOPUINA BAH: CBexHH BOSMYX NpooAKaeT MOcTyNAts B HAMAD 0 Tex NOP, MOKA MpoayRouRbe OKA SaKpoITeR MOpWHEM MPH ero ABWKEHHH BREPK. Bogaymmuit Tpakt nposysouxoro BO3LYXa SaBHCHT OT POPMEL H KOH- CTPYKUHH MPORYBOYHBIX OKOH, OOHHHO MPHMeHAIOTCA TPH OCHOBIBIX CHCTeEMBI MpOAYBKH: HonepevHas, MeTAesaA HK NPAMOTOUHAA. Tipw nonepestof mpoayske noctynaiomuh 8 WHAKHAp Bosayx Ha- NpaBaKetca BBePX H BHTAAKHBaet BLINYCKHNE Tass, KOTOPMe 3aTeM. nepememlaiorcn BHHS H BEIXORAT YepeS BLIMYCKAEIE OKHA (pHC. 2.10, a). 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HeGossuMe BosropanuA 6uIcTPO TO- TYXaWOT, Ho KOFRa OHH MPOACAKaIOTCA AAHTeABHOe BpeMA, RUSE AOMKeH Obit» OcraHoReH. Sarem clemyeT BUPLICHY'TE vepes CnenHaTd- Hue Ma7PYOKH MpOTABONOXapHoe cpescrao B NpomysouKB tpaKr. HH ApH KaKHX OGcTORTeMbCTBAX BO BPeMs SarOpaliHs Hembsa BCKPHIBATS npoaysouHteri pecusep. Bo nsGexanHe sosropannit B npoayso4HoM npocrpancrae cpencTB2 peryaposanus noxasH TOMAMBa B UKAWHAPM M COoTRETcTAyIUllee ‘oGopyxoBalike useNA LOMKHH Oxi B ucmpanion coctoauuy. Tpo- AYBOWNE Kana cHeAYeT PerYAADHO OCKATPHBAT H OUNULATb, ECAH ‘Olt SarpaaueH. Tam, rae Harap HAH Maco OTJOXKHAKC 8 npoAyBOSHOM pecusepe, Wx caeayer ynanaTs. TTpoaysouiibie pecusepst xeo6xonHMO PeryaapHo mpoaysars, @ NoRasy CMago¥HOrO Maca TiikaTeMbHO KOHT- Postapopate, 25. TOMMMBHAS CHCTEMA Moxava onanna 8 aByxTaKTHUx Auserx. TonaHpiad cHcTeMa Au3enA MOET OxITh pasmeten2 Ha CHCTeMy noRaNH TONABA HCH remy ampsicknBaiiny rontuea. CucTema nojay# TonaHea BKmovaeT # coba cuctemy noaroroBKH TONAKBA XO cocTosHAs, MpHTOANOTO AA a1I 000"000 Pho. 218. Cxeua monet # noaroronkH ronanea aan xisese ua eyane 1 tonorpenarge sooamna 2 hhcrepna aan oro ses, roa, STMT deters Roun, TPeSdaan Mapes Aa SISS" SUMS “eas aguas 2 Sept hacen amena 4 Mahan aatperyaupostan suntan Tanne 3 Shane Heine houan kD aed ets Revenue Saas Sean wee A RSME eee cae Lapse Lnyap omad BNPHCKMBaHNA B UNTHHAPH AHSeNs. MasooGopotiBle AByxTaxTHNe ANSE OGKIYHO NPHeHOCOGeHE! ALIA AUATEABHOH HenpepwBHOH pa- Gore ua TaxeaoM TonsuBe. TIpeayeMorpela TaKXKe TORava AMSeTb- Noro Tonampa aa paGoTst Ha MaiteBpax. B cucteme nogroroaku (pic. 2.11) Tonauao, Haxogsuteecn B Taii- Kax qBofiuoro Ha, MoAaerca B OTCTOMHMI TaHK H mloxOrpeBaeTcs. Tlocae cenapanuit '» uexTpoGexsbix ceitapatopax TommHBo mogaeTca HacocoM 8 pacxoguy!0 uuctepHy. Hs sto uucTepiit TonAHBO nponyc- Kaerca Yepes mosorpesarems H BCKOSHMeTP (pery.iATOP BASKOCTAL Tonausa). Mocrexxmi peryaupyet Temmepatypy nofgorpesa Tonaupa, Gaaronapsa Yemy NonsepABAeTCA BASKOCTS TOnANBA B sanaHHDX npenesax, HeoGxoauMsix Aaa OGecneveHHs HOOT CropanHs TonANBA B UMAMRAPAX ANBeAA:3aTeM TONAXBO MpOXoAHT Hepes hisbTP TOHKOH, ouNeTKH, Mpexle vem ono OyuleT MogaHo B cHCTeMy snpsickuBaHHA. C nomombi0 peryauporowxoro KJaMaHa MoXLepKHBaeTeR TOCTOARHOE AapaenHe 8 TonTHBKOM TPYGonposoxe. Stor KNanaH AOWKEH OLITS OTKPHITHIM MPH MporpeBe CHcTeMEI ALHPKYAMpyiOUAM —TOLOrpeTuIM. TonaMBOM. B 6y*epHoll HAH ypaBHHTerbHOH muCTepHe co6upaercA PeUuuPKYaHPyIoUlee 8 CHICTeMe TONAHBO. Cuctema sxaiovaeT 8 ce6a passuiaue nperoxpaunterbnbie mpi- Oops, TakHe Kak CHrHambHOe YeTpoficTBO HiDKHeTO ypoBHA. TonANBa BMNCTepHe H BLIMYCKHELe KaiaHB ¢ AHCTAHUHOHHLIM ynpaBseHHeM wa caydai noxkapa. 2CucteMa mowavH AH3ebHOrO TONAHBa OGbIGHO HMeeT MepeKayH- pauls Hacoc AA Nomad AMZeMbNOTO TONMHBA HB TARKOB ABOMHOTO guia. 3avem TonMBo oMMULaIOT H xpanaT B OTCTORUOA wHCTepHe. Jlaseabiioe TonaNBo noctynaeT | cucTeMy no tpyGonpoBoay ¢ Tpex- ZOLOBUM KAanaHoM, KOTOPHIH NosBonKeT nomaBate onHOBpeMeNHO ‘ToubKO OAH COpT TOnsHBa B cHCTeMy (TerKoe HAN TAXKeI0e). JTerKoe TONIHBO 4Y:KHO Menbille HOLOrpesaTe no CpaBHeHlIO C THKETHIM, Tlostomy Mepexog ¢ OHOro copra: TonaHBa tia Apyroh nomKeH ocy- UleCTBAATECA MOCTENEHHO, YTOGH aT cTabHANsHpOsaTEcA TeMTepa- type Tonaaa B cucTeme. Bnpsickusanne Tonaupa. Cuctema pnpuckaBanns TonanBa cayxKHT AAA MORAN B UBAKIAPHE ANSE THebyeMOrO KOTHYeCTBa TONIHBA B Uy XHBI MOMeHT, STOO OGecne4nTb HaMBLIOMHeMIIHe ycnoBHA AIA npouecca cropanas. Jaa storo npexge Btero LomKiO ObIT» noxaHO 1b UNAHHAP CTPOTO OMpeReMeHHOe KOAUUECTBO TONANBA, AONE OTD vicriombsoBanst Cpescraa peryanposKH Noman H pactiiaNeannA TOR ausa. Bnpsickwsakve TonsHBa ynpapasercs KyaauKamH va pacnpe- aeauTeabnoM Bay. PacnpenenitenbHit Ban Bpamtaetca c ¥acToTOH BpalleHHa Baa AIA WByxTAKTHBIX MUseneH. Lag verbipexTakTHAx ausenell YacTOTa BpauleNHs pacnpeseauTeabHorO Bana B 2 pasa Melib- ue YactoTst spamtennst Bana sera. TIpuMermorcs Be ocHOBALe CHCTeME BNPLICKHBAHHA B KOMONHa- LMM C MexaHHYecKHM H THapapaHNeckHm mpHBogamy. Hanombusee PacnpoctPakenHe nonyunaa cHcTeMa BNDSICKHBAHHA ¢ OMOMLBIO Hit- AUBHAYAAbHEIX HACOCOB, B APYFHX cAYYARX TPHMEHReTCH aKKYMY.IA- ‘TopHas cHcTeMa BnpLIcKuBaHKEA. Cuctema BnpLIcKHBaHMA ¢ NOMOMIbIO HHAMBMAYaALAMIX Hacocos, B stoi cucteme snpiickHBanHe TonaHBa ANA KaxKNOFO KHAMHApA AH. Seas HMeeT cBOi TONANBOBMPHICKHBAIOWAA Hacoc, KOTOPK paboraeT | pas 3a WHKA A UpHBOAHTCA OT KyauKa Ha KyauKOBOM (pacnpere- JuteabHom) Bane. TaynxepHaa napa nacoca otperyaupopana Ha tpeGyemyio noaayy Tonanea B MHAMNAp. OKHa B KiANNApe Hacoca 4 Nasu B naywxKepe HAH MepenycKHsIe peryaupoBownwe KaananEt caykar Aan PeryanpoBaHHA HlonawA TonaMBa (Goxee noxpo6Ho To HII0KeHO HuKe). KaxkAbii TONAMBOBNPHCKHAAIOUMA Hacoc no_aet TonaKBo B dopcynKy OAHOrO uMAMHApAa. HroRNaTHi KaanaH dop- KoAAeKTOpA ToNAMBO NoAaeTcR K hOp- CUUMGM [BCX uuttiNapoB. Mexay Kontektopom x hopeynKoH (op- QURKaMu) Kaxcxoro UNAMHAPA HMeeTCR KAatiaH, KOTOpH peryaNpyeT MOMEHT 4 npoomkHTemsHOCTL MonasH TonaHBa. Tlepenycxuise Ki1a~ NM chagauBt ¢ KoJexTOPOM AAA COpoca (NOHA:KeHHA) HpeaMepHorO 23Aapnenua HC axkysyssropom, Tloctemuuit criakupaer MMnystecsr AABMEHNA TORTHBA, OOPASYIOMlUECH B KOAEKTOPE MH MORave 13 Hero TonaWBa 8 uHAKNAPH. DopcynK B sTOH cHcTeMe YacTO HastIBAIOT ‘TORANBHBIMH KjanaHaMH. Tonanpini Hacoc BEicoKoro napaenua. Hacoc paboraer oT Kyzas- Ka, KoTOpbIit mepeMemaer myikep (BBepx-aH3). BpeMsa BIpHCKH- BanHA MOET GHITh HSMeHEHO NOcpexcTBOM MOBLILERHA HAH MOHWKC- == a Puc. £12, Cucrema napsicki- Bawa TonamBa c OGuKKM aK kyayanropow: 1 epenyennon naanay; 2~ nar by0ox toasena rouse: 3 Kon Recto: f=“ sonanonh waco: ‘Snow siiconoro Aanaent se aanannas’ wopose fpestanveninh ” ngaasnonh) Tye Naanen yapananouan HORaNGH, 7 Stughpnanay e Puc, 2.13. Tpoaonsusii paspea ‘onawBHOro Wacoca BUCOKOTO aaBaenun: 1 syouaran mryana: 2 — aner006 Soamparauh "naanan, 3° narpyoox Senos fed 8 gayhiney 3Ha NOJOKenus nayHKepa Hacoca oTHOCHTeMbHO Kyna4yKa. Hacoc yMeeT MocTomMBti XO NaAyWAKepa, H MOAaBAeNoe KONHYECTHO TONLTH- ba peryzupyerea Nlyrem nosopora NayH2xepa wacoca, KoTOpHil HMeeT cheuvadbuBit BHHTOBOA mas. Tonauso noctyaet 8 Hacoc vepes oKia (otveperua) (pic. 2.13) Kak Tomsxo nayinxep HawieT apHratbca BHNT, TOnAHBO noctynaer B LWiaKHAp Hacoca; PH ABIXKeHHH MayHXKepa BEepX OKHa SaKpHIBAOTCS, yonauso CKHMAeTCA W noAaeTeR B OPCYHKY NOL BACOKHM AaBAe- sure. Korta KPOMKa aitatosoro ssipesa oTKpHiBAeT MepeTHBHOe OKHO, gagsenne TonauBa NaxaeT ¥ ero nOna¥a x hopcyke npexpauaerca, HesosspaTubii Ktanan Ha naraeTaTeabHoh AHHHM Hacoca SaKpbIBaeT- ca H TeM CAMMIM He MOSBOAKET TORHBY BOSBPAaTHTbCA HI CopcyHKH. TonaHBo cHOBa MOABOAHTCA K Hacocy MPH HHCXoAsULeM xone MAyH- xepa, H npoulece noBropsercs. Tlaywxep MoxkHO Bpamlath Bo BryaKe MOcpecTAOM sy6uaTO! pel- kit ceKTopa, cBssaiiioro c HM. Tem caMbM GyaeT casuratbca SuHTOOG6pAsHAA KPOMKA BBEDX HH BHI, COOTRETCTBeHHO yMeNbuIaA 1M yaeaNsWBas KOAMeCTRO TonMaHBa, HaTieTaeMoro B UHANNAp Pelika CoemiNena c peryasTopom YacTOTN Bpalleniia HH ¢ cHeTeMoh ynpasaenis xenrateaem. Takie HACOCH ¢: HesHauNTenbBIMH KONICTpyKTHBHEMHE OTKAOHE- HisMM HeMoabayioTca 218 MHOTHX aurseael. 1 Peryaupyounit Kaanan. B ak- iL xysyasitopiioit ciicteme anpscKu- Bani Kamat, peryaMpyioulMi 10- navy TontHea, paboraet moa B03- neicTBHeM KysauKa H jBynaeuero pelvara (Ganaucupa) (pyc. 2.14) Kora kaanan noaummaeres, Ton 21B0 ngeTynaer Moa BHICOKHM LaB- aleniem 8 opcynxy. Peryanpyio- ‘iit Kaanait paboraer or GanaticH- Pa, KoTOpbI 2KeCTKO CKpeneH CO CKOABS RUAN WTOKOM H nepedBAra- ‘TCA B COOTBeETCTBUH C HacTpolKOH Ganaxcupa, o6ecnexnaaioutel no- Aauy B kHAHHAP Tpebyemoro KomH- xectea tonampa Popcynka. Tununaa opcyuka RoKasana wa pyc. 2.15. Ota cocTo- Pre, 214 Kaanau, ynpanasiounh nonaxe Toten w auxyngfanropiun enerewax Ljatecoumernt examen; 2 — peryzupynnin Aaneaal sg pa FTO og ales TD Fonvnouy enany 25HT H3 ABYX OCHOBHEX WacTeH: pacmaHTena (comaa) H conaozep%: ‘Teaa Haw Kopnyca. TOnANBO c BHICOKHM RaBAeHHeM BXORHT B DOPCyH- Ky H ABHDKETCH BHHS MO Kanaay B KOpnyce opcyHKH, 3aTeN Mo KaHa- ay B pacnbiaHTene H HakoNeu mocTynaeT 8 KaMepy, pacnonoxKeHHY:0 BOKpyr HrombuaTorO KaanaHa, Ox yleprxKHBAeTCA B EKDEITOM COCTOR- HUH Ha cene, HMeIOIeM ykaon 45°, TocpexcTaOM npomexyToEHorO cTepaxxHa a mpyxkuHBI B KOpMyce dopcysKH. Venue mpyrKHNBL, a cre AOBATEABHO, YCHAHE OTKPBITH HII POpCyHKH MOAHO yeraHaBANBATe (peryanposats) nocpenctsom HaKHMHOR MyhtH (ralikH), KoTopaR nosgelictayer a npyxuny. Hraa a Kanpasanioulad, BxOLMULMe B KOM- MMleKe pacnuinttead opcynKH, npenctasasoT coOof mpemsHonuDe Puc, 2.15. Oopeyuxa: 1—ynaotunioman npoknaaxa npystnis: 2—peryasrop arara.apyxonsns I—npymnva: 4— Crap ena, 3 orpanistene soe mrmu, &— conse; 7->-roNaMaRsAR Fpytonponog MucoKOr Aa" “achnm 2"Saucreussh spyOonponoas 9 coeaawrensuoe Yerpencr#9. CaryeD) 6aeTaiiH, THMaTebiIO NOMApHO MOAOrHAHHBIe AAA OGecreNeHHA Tpebye- Mofi MNOTHOCTH m MuHHMassHOrO Mponycka TonKBa. Kopnyc dopey HK H PACHMANTeTb asanMHO MPHTHpAwOTCH H COeAHHAIOTCA MOCpeRCTBOM creuuanbHok HakHaHoh raiKH. Hromyatsii Kiana oTkpHibaetes, Korma ycuHe, BOsKHKaIoULee of BOsiecTDHA LaBAeHHA TONAHBA Ha KOHNYECKYIO TOBEPxHOCTS, mpeBhicnT cHty CKatHs mpyxHHEL Torga TOMIHBO OyxeT nocTynaTs 8 HIDKHIOW KaMepy H MpoxoMHTs Yepes PAN MeaKHX OTBepeTAl consa. 31H HeGombUIMe OTBePCTHA KaTHOpoBaHN (HMeWT onpenenenHbii guamerp) H mpeliasHavens qua pacmbaMBanua HAM npespamenns B MenbuaiillMe KaNeTSKH Boero MOcTYMHBIeTO 3a KHKA TONAMBa, KO- Topoe B pesybTATe STOTO 3aTeM GyAeT aerKO cropat B UHAMHApE auseaa, Kak TOKO TonaMBHNi Hacoc Ha peryaHpyourNi Kaanant orcekaior nonaty TonAWBa, RaBeHHe Naqaer, H HroAbYaTHH KaanaH GuicTpo Sakpoetes ston NelieTBHEM caKHMalOLLerO AefiCTBHS NpyxHHE. Tonanaubte KaantaHbt 8 PopcynKax LOAKHE HMeTE coobMLeHHe CO creumabHbim yeTpoficTBOM JWI YlaneHKA cKanauBawuIeroca BOSRY- xa. Bosayx xoI%KeH ObiT yaateH H3 Bex opcyHoK neper sanycKow museas Nocae AAMTeABHOK CTOANKH HAH peMoHa. opcyukn KpyMHBIx Ma1OOGOPOTHLIX H cpeaHeoSopoTHEIx nuseMel, pa6oraoulux Ha THXKETOM TONAKSe, HMeloT BAyTpeNlIHe Kana, NO KOTOPHM KEPKYANYeT OXAKAaIOMLAR BOA 26, CMA3O4HAS CHCTEMA Cmasounas cHcrema oGecneunpaet noRasy cmasouHoro macaa K PAsAMUHEIM ABIOKYULUMES AeTAAAM aHSeAs. FaBHOe HasHaNeHtie CMa- SOWHOH CHcTeMb 3akmMOYaeTCR B cOaRAHHN MexKY TpyuUuMler no- SePXHOCTAMH MaCAAHOH MeHKH, KOTOPAR YMeHDilIaeT xpene USHOC. Cmasounoe Macao Takxe HenoubsyeTCH KaK ONHCTHTES, 2B HeKOTO- PAX caY¥aRx CAYAHT KeAAM OXAIKEHKA AeTasel. CMacouoe Mac.tO AUSEIA COLEPAKNTCA B HWKHEH 4aCTH KapTepa B MacaocSopnofi uucTep- He, pacnoroxenHol nox AHseem (puc. 2.16). Macro sa6upaetcs 13 STO uncTepHEt Yepes UTP rpyOoH OWCTKH OANHM HS chapenAEx Hacocos. Ipyroh cnapennsil Hacoc uMeet uabTppt TONKOR ouncTKH. Save macao npoKayuBaior Hepes XONOAWABHAK, MperkIe YeM OHO Toctynut B AW3eMb H GyAeT pacnpeeneno no pasauTHuM tpyGonpo- sonam. K KaxkOMy ULIMHAPY MoABeAeHH TpyGonpoBoAL, No KOTOPLIM Maco nogaerca K noguuniHKam. HekoTopoe KoaHuecrao 3Toro Maca nporekaer wepes mpocsepstensbili B KoseNvaToM Baae Kawaa, K mla- TVHHOMY nOUMNAHKY, a 3aTeM TlORaeTCA BBePX TO NpocBepseHHOMY xanaay p matyne K Naabuy KpefuKoma Hau ero noqumnuEKy. Curnassuoe yerpoiterso, yeranomitentioe B Kone pacnperesttenb- Horo pyOonposona, KONTPOAEPYeT RaBAeHHe Macna, oAMepKHBAEMoe Ha sazaHnom yposie c HoMoMtbio Hacoca. Hacoch 1 (bHAbTPH TOHKOH OMICTKH’ CoeAHHEHE Tak, 470 BOSMODKEK Mepenyck NoTOKA Maca ¢ 7s He Puc, 2.16. Cuasownan cucrena ansean: 1 — pusen; 2 — pacnpenennranvnran wacaanan warncrpaan: 3— aySpwrarop: 4— pacrognsn wuc ‘epva wamigapotoro wacaas 3 xoaomdonnn: usurp: 7-—wacocn #—cefaard Ouaetp: sRiacmocGopnas iocrepha ewasoword Maecas (aHDKYaNINON Tut obon w ovs08 3a! copra soRw oxsoro uabtpa na Xpycoii. DuasTpe TOHKOM osNCTKH coemHHeHBt TaK, NTO BOSMOANa OFCTKA OLHOTO HS HX, KOTLA APyrHe HAXOAATCA B padore. Cmazounoe Macao Mocae CMa3KH seTanel AW3enm cTeKaeT o6parKo B MacnocGopHyio UMCTepHy A18 NoBTopHoro HenomysoBaKuA. Tlonoxenne yponit Macha 8 MactocOopHoit uNcTeple moKasHiBaeT ypoanenep. Bcmazounyio clcTeMy Bkaioven eHTpOGeXMe cenapatop uA ouNeTKH OrpaboTaBUtero cMazoNHOTO Maca. UncTOe Macto MOx. HO TOAaBATS B CHCTeMy H3 SamacHOM uucTepual. Yepes macnanisit XOAOAHABHHK NpoKAvHBaeTcA MopeKaR (sa6opTHas) BoLa, HMeloULas Gowtee HH3KOe AaReHHe, HEM CMa304HOe MaCtO, STO CRETAKO LAR TO- TO, WTO B cMasOuNOe Maco He HONagaa Sa6opTHaR Boa HS xO- AOAMADHAKA, Coashisanne unanuapos, Boabmne wancoSoporiibie ausemH OGopy- AOBAHDI OTLeAbHOR CMa3ONHOR CHCTEMOM An CMASKIE UHAMNZpOB. Mac- JO BNPHCKHBAeTER B NPOCTPANCTBO MEXAY UMIMHAPOBOH BTYAKOH 1 NOpules NocpencteOm MeXaHHNeCKHX syOPHKATOpOB,. KOTOPHe Nona oT acso No NDHHMHRY Ke He BOBPallaeTes, T. e, BTOPHYHIO He HeNO.B- syeTes, Tak KaK OHO NUAHOCTSO cpabaTbiBaeTes B UKANHApe. STO Maco, KpoMe cMasbieaHs, cnocoScrayet TaKx%Ke OGpasoxatiio ra30- HenponliaeMoro YnuoTHeHKA H CoMePIRT NPHCAAKH, KOTOPHIE OFH- Mawr UKLAMHADOBEIe BTYAKH OT Harapa 2827, OXMAN(QEHME Oxaaxcnente auseselt ocywiectssaseTes nocpencTBOM uMpKyAAKHA oxaaxsaioutel 2KMAKOCTH 10 BHYTPeHHM Kananam quseaa, Oxaarx- auoulak KHAKOCTS TPH WHPKYARLH MO STHM KaHastaM HarpepaeTcR H OxaaxAaeT AUSeAb. ZaTeM B XOONHANUKe, KOTOPLIA NPOKaYHBaeT- ca 3a60pTHOA (MOpcKOH) BOLOH, MpOMCXOMMT OXTAKLeHHe OxTAK- jaloulel XwaxocTH. Takia o6pasom onpenemennbe aeTaAH ANZeAR, KOTOPHe MOAepraloTeA BOIAeHICTAMO BEICOKHX TeMMepaTyp, OXI naWoTes, HHave STH ReTaTH OyAyT ONCTPO BHXOANTS 3 cTpOH. Oxtax- Renwe cnocoOcrayet coxpaHeHHio MexanHyeckHx cBOHCTB MeTasza asnratets, OOMTHO B KavecTBe OxIalHTeAA HCMOAb3yeTCA Mpechas Bolla, TAK Kak MOPCKag Boa He MOET HeMOcpencTBeHHO HCTOMBSO- BaTbCa Kak OxdaqHTeN ZeTateH 43-32 CBOHX MOBLIMIeHHBIX KOPPO- SHOHHBIX H HaKHMeOSpasyiouulx cBoRcTa. Casounbie Macaa HiOrda NDHMeRmOT AAA OXaxKAeHHA nopuliel. Baaronapa stomy pettlaetca npoOsema yrevex B Kaprtep oxsannTens (voan1). H3-3a HHSKOH TenatoeMKocTH Macaa ero Tpedyerca B 2 pasa Gospute no cpaneniio c BOOM 1 smug, Bat: BIT, Sawmayran chorea oxtaenens AHseaH npecHOR sono oie eee ar qu ba Sag ae toca, ESSeee mpage apa ae tienen tt Stage cE GoprHoR wdam ® xoaORMAERNKM | | 29Cuctema oxaaxaenun ausesia npeckok wonoh (samKHyras). Ci- tema oxTaxLeHNA MasOOGopoTHOrO AN3eAH NOKasaHa Ha pHc. 2.17. Dry euctemy MOXHO pasieqHTb Ha ABe: OHA cHCTeMa JIA OXsAKAe HUA CTEHOK KHAMEAPA, UNAHHAPOBLX KPBILIEK TypGOBOILyXONYBOK; Apyran cuctema aaa oxaaxksen4s Mops. Bona nocse mpoxork tens sapyOauleynoro mpoctpancrba ANIA HaMpapagercs B XoMOAHABIKK, Nepes KoTopsii npokawupaerca saGopraa Boga. Hs xonoqnabiiKa BORA MocTYNaeT B MAPKYAALHOMNDIE HACOCHL, C MOMOULbIO KOTOPHIX Boda NomaeTcR B sapyOauleyHoe AOCTpAHcT|O KHMIHHAPOB, WILTHHIPO- BUX KpBIUeK H TypoBosmyXoyBOK. BoLocOopHbiit KoneKTOp CAY2KHT B KayecTse paculupHrea H 18 NloanepyKauHA B cHcTeme TpeOyemoro xonuvectsa Bonu. BosiyllKble Kanaast coequinioT sapyOaulesHoe NPOCTPaHCTBO AHSeAH € BEINYCKHBIM KOMEKTOPOM AA OTBOMA BOSYXA 3 oxaarxkaawoel Boab. CHCTeMa oxaaxqenha BKOyaer B CeO TO- Aorpesatent gun nporpesa Auseda nepen YcKOM ocpencTROM po KawnBaHua ropsvelt BOK Yepes sapyOamlesioe mpocTpancTao. Cuctema oxslaxeHHA nopultiel BKAOYaeT B ce6A anamorHunbe KOMMOHEHTH, 34 HCKMOYERHEM TOrO, STO BMeCTO BodocGopHOrO Kon- AleKtopa Herlomb3yeTCR CTOWNAK KHCTepHa, a BOSAYUIHBe KAN|AM BU- BegeHH 8 MauiMNHOe oTReReHHe. OrfembHan cHcTeMa oxaaxaennA ac 218, Carew onabxsennn sa6oraoh (wepnc) soz Spa Ml aartmaanys onan main do mmtean eof et ule wopunh 8 hacocus #—na¥pyax Aan apwewn sad0pTHon toatl 30nopuitel mpumensetea ami Toro, wTo6M pce SarpasnenHA (Harap) © HOPWHEBMX CAJBHHKOB MOMaLaAK TOABKO.B STY CHCTeMY. Cuctema oxaaxnenna sa6oprHoi (mMopcKoi) soni. Pasnnurinie OXAAKAAIOME ANSE AUTKOCTH, CMASONHBIE MaCaa _H HARAYBOUREIH ROSAYX OxaaxkAaIOTCA 2a60pTHO! BOAO! B HNAMBHAYAABHEIX OXAARHTE- fax a8 CM@3O4HOTO MaCNa, BORD AAA OXNAIKACHNA UAH APOD H AAT cuctemb! oxiaxknenua mopumell. Yepes KaxkAbi XOMOAMAHHK TAKHX cucteM mpokaunBaerca saGoprias (mopcKas) soma. HexoTopste coa- peMenusie cya OOOpyzOBAHM TaK HasHIBAeMOH KeHTPatbHOl Oxnax- jawlkelt cHeTeMoll, KoTopan BKMOUAeT B ceOd TOADKO ONKH GoabWoit XOAOAMABNUK, OXTAKLaeMBIH Sa6OPTHOA (wopcKoH) BoLOH. B stow XOMOMMABHMKE OXMAKAAeTER BCR NPecitan BOA, KOTOPaA 3aTeM pac- npeneaserca MO APYSHM HRXHBIAYANBHBIM OXAaXAAeMBIM CHCTeMAM. TpewMyulecTBoM Tako! cHCTeMM ABARETCA TO, YTO MeHbIIe OGOpyRO- Bau COMPHKacaeTcA c MOPCKOM BOCA, a CHeROBATeTDHO, KOPPO- SHOHHDIE MOBpexkAeHHA OOOPYAOBAKKA MOPCKOH BOOM sHayHTeMbHO cuwxavores. Cuctema oxaaxkaenK saGoprHof (mopcKo#) Bodoit mokasana na puc. 2.18, Ogun #3 nacocos saGopTHoR Box noAeeT MopcKy! BOAY, KoTOpy!0 mpoKauMBalOT Hepes MaCHOOXAAAHTeTb, XOAORWABHEK pec- HOH BOMM JIA OXTBKMEHHA UHAHHAPOB M XOAOAHABHHK CHCTeMBt oxa@kaenis nopulieh. 3aTem mopcKy!o Boxy OTKauMBaioT 3a GODT. B pase cayvaes MOpCKas BOLa MpHMeHseTcH HemocpencTBeHHO B Ka- uecTae oxtaxkaaioutel cpeats (oxraantens), HaNpHMep LAA Oxaa%K- Aei# BOsAyXa, HarHeTaeMOro B WWANRAPH ABYXTAKTHBX quseMeh C HemocpedcTBeHHbiM MpHBOAOM Ha BAHT. 28. CHCTEMA NYCKA Asean nyckaior uocpercrBom nogaya cakaTOro BosAyxa B KH AMMApbE B NOcAeAOBaTeMbOCTH, OGecretHBaloULeH Tpebyemoe HanpaB- wenne spauenns. CoxaTitit Bosnyx MoxeT OLaBaTBCA HEMeAeHHO, Tak Kak on xpanitTem 8 Bosayume peseppyapax (Gazsonax). Bos- Ayxa 8 Ganaoue AocTarouHo naa 12 nycKos ANsens, TTycKoBax Bo2- AytuaR cHctema OGWIHO HMeeT aBToMaTH¥ecKyIO OOKHpOBKY aA apexynpexaenua nycKa, ees we ACE B NOPAAKE: Tlyckosax sosnywuas cucTema noasava Ha pic. 2.19. Coxaruit Bosayx nogaetca KOMMpeccopamn B Gadaoubl. Ha Ganmonos 303nyx NO tpyGonposoaam cpanknrenswo Gobwloro AHaMerpa ToRaeTes AeROSBpariiui KilanaHam C ANCTANLHOHIM ynpaRseHHeM (aBTowa- TAMCCKHN Kaananam) H 9aTeM x MYCKOBOMY BORAYIHOMy Kaanany, Pactoaoxeniomy xa KaKAON mumHHApe. TTocse OFKpHITHA nycKoBorO na ata B UnauHap noctynaer exaTHA Bosayx. Orxpiithe KaanaHos waatitmnapax w xtanaHoR ¢ aMCTaHLWORNBIW ynpaBaeHHeM NpOHSBO- dace CORR peryanpyiomelt cucreMo#. Bosayx stoh cucrems mo- 43 saapHoro spyGonposona H noxBORHTCR K Kaanany STOi 31Puc, 2.19, Cucrewa nycka auseag exaTiim BosayxOM yaHtsh spyConpovon: 2— xara exereMss G2oKupoBKK: J— saaomo4opoTKMR we: “gprowarncecunh seeavunuh gnavrp; 8 rpyGonpoven woawoaa nye Sayumnaw yeptenenen, 7 ngawerackrent: rye pnenpeseanreay.nyenodaro somaya: 10 —xex nyauta. yapanaes Setoworazentanil Gaok snpansemna, 72 = xgananu, peryaspyouine fosey boaysa. ld — cnyek et ans pyvonran yipangenan ayeeonun ponsyaow 7a" ongmeane pyronny, fee Snepates = wekepananoe regomerne pyxonrnn (woasys me noxacren)” I? — romgwenme DYXC AGH ence neaeuoy. f= rpy6onponon fhe Noxaiye. aoaaya Oph neke Maaagt” 19" 38HODNME pam 20 spyGonponoa aan woxaww noszyxs ApH Ryeke aMaeam Hepes cictems, KoTopHi pa6oraer ot nyckoBoH pyKosTKA xMsens. Korta PYKOATKa AH3eNH yCTaHOBAeHa B PaGo¥ce NOAOXKellHe, BOSAYX aBTO- MaTuueckof nyckoBol cHcTemM OTKpHBaeT cronopKEl KaanaN aH- cTaHunonHoro ynpasxenua, Bosmyx cuciems ynpasaenua mp He00- XOMHMOCTH HMeHeHHA HanpaBAeHHa Bpaiienwl gana AUsens HoAaeTcA B BosAyxopacnperetHTerb, KOTOPHIA OOWIYHO MpHBORHTCR OT pacmpe- earenbHOrO Bada AuseTA H MogaeT BOSAYX B UMAIHHAPE OpraHo YipaBnew4x NyCKosHMH KianaHama. TIyckKOBMe KlanaHM Ha UHHH APax HaxOAATeA B SaKPHTOM CoCTOsHHH nox BoafelicTsHeM MpyaKHH ¥ OTKPHIBAIOTeH BO3AYXOM NYCKOBOA cuCTeMH, KOTOPMA nocTynaer B MHAMMAPH ANSE H3 BosAyUINEX GaasoHOB. " BaOKHpoBKa cHCTeMB BgucraHuMoHHoro OfKpHITHA KaanaHa cpadaTHIBaeT (xe TOSBOAAeT OT xpoth 1ycKosoit Kanal), ecaH MexanHaM BpaileHua Baa AIenA He oraaover. Kaanait 2ueTanunoMoro KoHTPOsR npeaynperxnaeT BO3- pat BO3AYXa, KOTOPHI MOKeT NOMYYHTS AeAbHellee CKATHE BCH creme caMHM Ausestes Taxke mp HopManbHUXx yenOBHAX axchayatauMM CMaso4HOe Mac- si 13 KOMMPeccopa MPOXOAHT NO BCeM BOSAYxONpOBORAM % ocarK jaeres B Hux. B cily¥ae nporeveK B nycKOBOM HHAHAAPOBOM KaaNAHe ropauie vaab GyyT MlocTynaTs B BoSayuIKEe TpyGONPoBORH H BOC. TulaMeHaTs cMazouioe wacto. Ecan nyckosof Boslyx SyseT B 2TO BPeMA TNOAABATHCH B-MMAMUAPHE AUSeMA, 7 MOXKeT NPOHSOMTH BapHIA ra30B 8 Tpy6onpoBogax. Bo H36exKaue sTOTO nycKoBwe Kaamiany LWsIMHAPOB LOMKHM COMEPKATHCK B Ha/LTEXKAllleM TEXHHYECKOM CO. cTOAMEH, 2 BO3RYllKbe TpySonponoAM HeOGxOAHMO PeryaApHO OCy- mate (BbinycKaTh ¥3 Hux ConeprHMoe). Kpome Toro, MoctynaeKie qacna #3 KoMMpeccopos 8 CAKHMaeMih BO3LYX JOVKHO GbITE MUHH- MambHbInt B weasx Gesonachocty 18 TpyGonposonax yeranasauBaror nalaMe- racufeas, mmpegoxpaknrenbuble Kanai, aMadparMbt (paspsisHbe mem6panui). B nonomueHHe K 9TOMY MOHTHpyeTCs HeBOSBpATHbIA aBTO- MarueckHi! Kaamax. Tporevka oxnaxaaollel Boas H3 BoanytlHOrO Kommpeccopa MoXeT MpHBecTH K Neperpesy NoLaBaewora BosAyXa H K BO3MOKHOMY BspHIBY 8 TpyOONPoBOnAX, BEAYILHX K BOSAYINHOMY 6a.1- soy. Jaa npesynpexaenus stor sBieHHs ucnonbsyiT yerpolicrao, curdaauanpyiowee o NoBMIeHIK TemmepatypEl, HAM yeraHaB.HBAIOT MaBKyio MpoGKY, KoTOpas pacnaanasercs. 29. KOHTPONBHBIE MPHEOPbI_H MPHEOPH ABAPHAHO-NPEAYMPEATENBHOR CHHANH3AUMK Peryastopu. Peryanpyiomunn npHOopam ax6oro apuraress st: simiores peryasttopsl, PeryiaTop ynpapaser vacroTo# spamennn wana AMAA B onpeenenvoM AHaNa3oxie Harpy30K B TO BpeMa, KOrRA NouHOcTE mHBed HSMeHAeTes, S70 AOCTHaeTeA aBTOMaTHYECKH MH ToMOUU peryaRTopa, HsMeURIOUIerO HoRaYy ToMAHBa ToNAKBHNME Nacocann aN3eda TaKMM O6padom, sTObH ToAyaTs Tpebyemyi0 MOM Hocts pu saHaHHoR YactoTe spameHHA sada Ausens., Peryaxtops! AMA AuseneH OOLINHO COCTOAT H3 BYX CHCTEM: YYBCTBHTeMBHOTO oze- MeHTa am yeTpolictsa, Pearupytoulero Ha iaMeHenHe wacToTs Bpa WENH® Bata ANSeAA, w CHAPABARYECKOTO YcuaNTeNR (cepBomoTopa), Bosaelicrayioulero Ha opraib ynpaBaen¥s nomaleH TonHBAa, Gaaro- AaPA Yemy H3MeHAeTCA MOULHOCTH AH3eAa, voy lexaunecKut Peryastop. Sror peryaatdp npeanasnayen gaa 3a) ed 4acTOTb Bpailenua Balla Au3eas. J[Ba nporusoseca (rpy- Fp oMetems » uycbry H MapipHo NoABeUIeNL Ha namTe, KoTOpaK A BOKPYD BepTHKadbHOh OCK tocpeNCTBOM lecTepenttoro 24 323, 2Puc, 2.20, Mexannueckufl peryastop no Ravi ToNAWBA W YacTOTM BpAuleNHs Ba- sa aNsea 1— peryantop sacroru pate ean Po npyaimas 2 —u Gs NE Puc. 221. Tpesoxpanwrensnuft kaanaw : Luamiapa: yxnpisona (pie. 2.20). ipa spamexnu rpystt mon seiicTaHeM weHTp GeXxHOR CHAW pacxOAATcA OT ocH Bpailtenta. Baaroaapa sTOMy moa HUMACTCH BEPTHKADHBIT BAMHK (UITMMAeA) K CKHMAET MPYKHHY LO Sex Wop, MOKa He Gyzer MOCTHTHYTO cocTOAHNe pABHOBECHA WK 32° javHas wacTota BpalllenHt Bala AuseNA, KOTOPEIE MOryT GbiTh HSME~ feb MOCPeNCTBOM NepexdiovaTeaR cKopocTH (ceeKTopa), HSMeHIO sero HaTmMDKeHHe MPYXUNE peryaxTopa Tlo mepe YaemH¥enHa YaCTOTH BPauleHHA Baa AMSeAA FpY>H pas- gpuraiorca OT OCH BpawleHHa H NOaMHMaloT BamNK; ecaH acToTa paulenn# Bana AWSenR YMEHBWIAETCA, TO BaTHK GyAeT OMycKaTEC#. Tuapasauueckoe Yctpofictao coetuHeHO ¢ 3THM BepTAKAADHEIM Ba:tH- kom H aglicrayeT Kak YCHMTeTb, M3MentmouNi mogayy TonANBA. Yapasamowsii 3O10THHK, APMCOeAMHeHHEI K BEpTHKAMBHOMY BasNIKy, fogaeT HA OTROAHT MaCtO OT TOpINHA cepseoMoTOpa, KoTOpEI HIME user olay TONAHBa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT MoMeHTa Bpaulenna rpy308 peryastopa. Ecs wacrora ppalllevua Bata ausean yeenuunnaetcs, TO BepTHKAMbHBl BanHK NoANAMAeT ynpABARIOWNi K:lanaH, H MACAO oraoautca oT Moplla CepBOMOTOpa, ITO BHISKIBAeT yMeWbIeHHe NO- slays TONMBA, @ CHELOBATEBHO, H MOULHOCTH AHSEAA. Cyuectayioulne MexatmueckHe peryastops acToTsl BpauieHis Bana 1u3eiA pagans 0 yeTpolictay, KO HMeIT OHHAKOBHI MPHH- wun _geficrBHa, KOTOpEA onHcaH BAe. ‘Saexrpueckuit peryaatop. Stor peryastop cocrout u3 aaekTpR- HeckHX H MexXHHYECKHX SneMeHTOR H pearHpyer Ha HsMeHenWe acTO- Tw ppauleHia Bana qu3eta. B 9TOM peryaatape Henomb3yeTcA 37eK- TOHUECKHI: HMMYsDC WAMEHEHAA HANPHKEHHS MOCTORHHOTO TOKA, KO. ropuh nepenaeten va THApasaMuecKHh cepaoMoTop, H3MeHsIOULMA nona4y tonavpa. Cepsomorop wepensiraet pelikn TOnTHBHbIX Haco- cos, Gnarogapa YeMy H3MeHReTcR YaCTOTA Bpalenua Bata qNseAA. Upeaoxpanreabnoih Kanan unsHiapa. Stor Kranax cpabaty. Baer, Korma RABAeHKE B UMAHHApe MpepeaeT HOpMasbHOe Ha 10—20% (pyc. 221). Mpyaknna yaepkusaer xknanaH SsaKpeTum Hasxenne noapema (OTKpuTHa) KaaNana yerananawsaetes NOLO. POM YnactHTeMbHOH MpoKTaMKH cooTBeTcTAYIOMeH ToMMEHH. Iho: yckaercsa Hib HeOomDMCK NOABeM KJanana. IIpu sTOM BHIXOMAuKE Ha UlaMHApa raab ManpaBAMOTCA NO Ges0nAacHOMy OTBOAHOMY Tpak- ty. Has npasuapnoit nocanKH (saKpyTHA) KJanana Kanan ® WTOK Paszenenn. Ecau npeqoxpanttersunii Kanal pa6oraer, To, ceqonaTenbHO, HMeetes weenpannocts auaeas, KoTOpyIO HYANO yetpanHTs, Kaanad AOWKeH GLITh OCMOTPeH MPH NepBOH BOSMO*KHOCTH. capittmatop conepwattin napos e xaprepe. Macaniuh TyMaH 0 Tpercbe ASEAN noaniKaer oT nenapeNtA Maca € TOBEPxHOCTH Ha- ne eae con. IIH GomblloM eKOneKN Macaasis TapOB MoryT wm ttHéa Bopuiwoonacuste YenosHA cpens. B yssuKaTope conep sca mawrepen, P RapreRe wenanbsyeren orosexrpueckHit semen? nas fe NeBOABUIOTO YeAHYENHA HHTEHCHBHOCTH MacasHOrO Pa 38tymana p xaptepe. Bentussrop ¢ Mexanwyeckum mpiBogoM Henpe- pBBHO ogaer NpoGu Macisnoro TyMana HS KapTepa Yepes HSMepH- Tenby Tpy6y. Een npo6a conepaut upesMepuywo (ieqonycTHMy!o) ewes MaCaAHBIX MapoB BOsayxa, TO cpadaTuiBaer cHrHaaDHOe yerpoficrao. Bpautaiuulics Kanai, sepes KoTopulit noctynaer mpo- 6a, 3aKpuiBaeTcH, YTO YKASEIBAeT Ha OMACHOCTS B3PHiBa B KapTepe. TIpowapoaares cpannuteasHbie wenpiTaNMa HecKOabKHX mpo6 Macas~ HBX apos H npoGs sHcTOrO Bosayxa. HenuTanHa MposomsTcA a npo6 u3 Kaxxqoro Kaptepa H cpaBHlinaioTes c pesyabratavit Hembra Hii wucTOro BOBAYXa, samomustOUlero sTamoMHyto TPYSKY, BspusoGesonacuuii kaanan, Jina npexynperkzeniia RapEIBOs B Kap- Tepax yetanasmupaiorea cneuwambube KranaNM HAM ABepUBt , (3a- CHOHKH), KOTOPHE CaY:KAT AAA YMEHbWEHNA spesMepHorO AaBaeHUA rasop 8 KapTepe H AHKANAALUH T1aMeNH, BupuRaioMerocs H3 KOPHy- ca, OTH Kanan AOMKHB CaMOCTORTeADHO 3aKpuBATECH, YOO He RONYCTHTS NPQHUKHOReHHA ATMOCHepHOrO BosAyxa B KapTeD. Cyutecrayidr pasauvate KONCTPYKUNH B3psaoGesonacHsix Kaana- nos, Lax Gombuiwx MaxooSoporHHix aNSeTeH OGHIYHO yeTaKaBHa- voTea 18a kaanana ua Kaxaw xaptep. Jaa cpeaueoGopoTHbix N3e- eli OOBIYHO ycrawanaMBaioT OHH KAanan Ha Kaptep. OaKa H3 KOH- CTpyKunil B3ptBo6eaonacHOro KAanaHa NoKasaHa a pyc. 2.22. JlerKax NpyKulta yaepanBaet Kanan B 3aKpHTOM CocTORMMH B ceate. Himeetcs Konner ynaotauterpbx Koel. CHapyxn na ausere yeranosaex zebaexrop (orpaxatembHas sacaoHKa), YTOSu oGesona- curb oScayuBaloulni nepcouaa OT Ta30B, MOcTynaIOMHX us KapTepa caywae OTKPLITHS npedoxpanHTenbuoro Kaanawa. TIpH orkpHTHH kaanana rash, HACHUeHHMe MacHOM, onagaioT B naeMeracuTeab, B KOTOPOM raciTeH Nias, BBIxXoAAUee H3 KapTepa. Tlocae paborw Kxa- nai 3aKpuiBaeren apToMaTHueckH nox neficTaHeM npy KUHN. Baxonosoporauit Mexanusm, Sto Mexauusm mpetcraBaxet co6oi pesepcnstii snextpoasirarens, KOTOpsI spautaer vepasuitnil npy- son. Tlocnemuni MoxeT Gur coeaHHen ¢ 3yO¥aTHIM KosecoM, Bpa- ujaroua Bast 2H3e18, Basonosopotauit MexanHsM MpenHasHaven 14% MeatenHoro MosopoTa Bata AiseaR Ane YoTAHOBKH ero B HoAOXeNHe, pH KOTOPOM BOsMOXeH OCMOTP H PeMOHT jeTateH aH3eA8. Basiono- BopoTHBH MexaHHSM TaKAKe HeMOABSyeTCA Aa NOBOpOTA Bata ANseAT Ha OAHH Ha {a OGopoTa mepea HlycKoM. STO nOsBoaKeT yOeRHTHCA, NTO Bad AuSeIA BpaukaeTeA CBOGOANO H TO BORA He CKOMHIACS B uwmsapax guaeas. Huqukatopauie xpawm wa unaMMapax fomKnD Gur BCeraa OTKPHITH, KOTLa Pa6oraet BaxonoBopoTuMit MexannaM. 2.10. MY@TbI HM PEAYKTOPBI Mygru. Ha cynax, rae cpeaeoGopotiiie quseau mpuMennioT B KavecThe TaaBHBixX ABHTateneh, a YacToTa Bpauleaa BHHTA HeOOmb- waa m0 cpasHennio c YacToTOH BpalleHHa Baton oTHx AHZeTeH, Mp 36wenmoT sy6vatble pedykTOpH. Mexay qHseeM H pelyKTOPOM O6BITHO yeraxansumawr ynpytyo Mydty aaa yerpanenna BHOpauna, “acto pOSHHKAeT HeOOXORHMOCTE B MyTaXx wad PAsBeANHeHAA ANBeETA H pe- yxTopa. Takwe ynpyrue WaH THOKHE CoeqUHeHHA Baz0B Mo3sBO~RIOT NMeTD nekoTOpoe emetlenHe (AeleHTpOBKy) JANHHM Baa H aMOpTHSHpyWT WM YCTPaHsOT BPeAHOe BOSLeficTBHe H3MeHeHHA SHateHHA KpyTA- wero MOMeHTa Bada AMsers, Myre BEINOAUSIOT AOnOAHHTEAbIYIO yHKUMIO —cayaT 8 KavecTBe CocAMENTeMbUOTO H pagbenuNHTeND- 5] 1 Puc. 2.23, Puapasanseckan mypra: AZ; ZSPN noxumanNe: 2 — nexyuee KoReCO (xpUALATKA); J— orneperHn ZAR emyexa wAcae Yapyidulero m Samay OR "eherene. 4" expenamoutan kpuanseomyale §-— aexOwoe Ko ‘acco Iporopis #— oreepetne ha Moawona machs yy 37>) oro yerpojicrsa. [Mo npxmunny geficrane MydTb MOryT OITh MexanieckitH, 9a1eKTpH- 2 NeCKHMH, TiimpanaeEckKHMM Ham MHeBMaTHHe- N ckHMH, OOuuO hyHKUMH pasDemHHeHHa 1 co- eAHHEHHA Banop OObeLHKeHEL B OLHOM My*pTe. My@tit npeactapasior co6oh yerpolictaa, cayKamie ans coeaHHenua HAH ‘passennye- Hit MpuBoatioro arperata (auseaa) OT arpe- Tata, KOTOPii Of MPHBOLHT BO BpallleHHe. Hanpumep, ecam ava aisena coeniHenn ¢ $ . rpeOHHM Bactom mocpescTBoM peaykTOpa, ¢ TOMOLIBIO MYTH MOXKHO OGecHeYHTE Bpaile- wie Buita OT oxWoro wan aByx aNseneH, 2 Take MOKHO MpOHSBORHTS PenepcnpoBane. B raapapawyecxo# an %XMAKOCTHOR Myd- Te 209 coesMHeHHA BeayWero Koneca (HMNeA- Puc, 224, Saexspowarnns- Jepa) ¢ BemoMbIM padout Kosecom (PHC. én Myra 2.23) wenomayerca maciao, NosTomy H3HaMun- dongs PORTE: 2-08 gaine STHX AByx neTaselh CBEeHO K MHBTMY- Tcbuayeas oats" nog Bosiel- cTBHeM Maca, Haxoasuieroca Tok RaBienHeM. Koraa Macao noctynHT NOA aRneHHeM MO Kavlaay, ZONATKA MOBepHeTea Ha yros «noTepit ABHKeHUsD u OGecreNHT Mona¥y TORAMBA Aas OGecneveHuA padoTHt ‘users npn 3aaem xone, Bosiyivan nyckosas cHcTeMa HaMeHmeT Hattpoaky nocpeacraom nepenBHXkenun pachpesenurensioro Bata HAM yTem HenocpencraeHKOM nonaNH Boanyxa B TYCKOBOH BOSAYXO- Pacnpeneautens Ain HOMeHeHHR MOTOKeHHs Ky1aNKOB, BumycKHbe, HAM TapeabNaTHe, KaanaHe HMeIOT cao! cobcTReHHYIO MY@TY RAH cepBomorop avin OGecneveHws Nepenona Ha SanHHti xO. 2.41. HEKOTOPBIE THMbI MOPCKHX AWSENEA Mpenmymectsa WeAOcTaTkKM ABYX- M YeTbIpexTaKTHMX useZeA. Manoo6oporiite asyxtakTHBIe AHSeTH HCMOABSyIOTCR B KauecTae TWaBHBX sHepreTHuecKHX YcTaHOBOK c HemocpencraenHoH nepenavel MoutHocTH Ha BHHT. STH ANSex OGecnesHBAiT BEIPaGOTKY GoaBuOA MOIHOCTH, MoryT paGoTaTs Ha TwKeAMX coprax HeiraHoro TONAHBA 4H uMeoT BbicoKMA K.r1.a. 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