CHANGING DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

 Direct: Max said, “I am very busy now.”

Indirect: Max said that he was very busy then.
RULES IN CHANGING DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH
1. All commas or quotation marks are omitted, and the sentence ends with a period.
2. Conjunction ‘that’ is added before the indirect statement.
3. The pronoun ‘I’ is changed to ‘she’. (The Pronoun is changed in Person)
4. The adverb about time and distance is changed. Ex. ‘now’— ‘then’/’here’ — ‘there’
5. The tense of the verb must change accordingly:
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH VERB TENSES CONVERSION
Simple present — Simple past (Ex. play – played)
Simple past — Past perfect (Ex. played – had played)
Simple future — Present conditional (Ex. will play – would play)
Present continuous — Past continuous (Ex. is/are/am playing – was/were playing)
Past continuous — Past perfect continuous (Ex. was/were playing – had been playing)
Future continuous — Present conditional continuous (Ex. will be playing – would be playing)
Present perfect — Past perfect (Ex. has/have played – had played)

MODAL CHANGES:
Can — Could
Shall — Should
Will — Would
May — Might
Note: No changes on the following modals in direct speech when changed to indirect speech:
(could/should/might/would/must)

Direction: Change direct statements to indirect speech.

(SIMPLE PRESENT)
1. “I am going to the store,” she said.
2. My brother said, “I do not like going shopping at night.
3. The gardener said, “I am watering the plants.”
4. “The restaurant serves vegetarian food,” he said.
5. “I love to read books,” said John.

(SIMPLE PAST)
6. “I ate sushi for dinner last night,” said Mark.
7. “I finished reading the book last week,” said Laura.
8. “I travelled to Europe two years ago,” said Eric.
9. “I studied for the exam for three hours yesterday,” said Peter.
10. “I visited my grandparents over the weekend,” said Sarah.

(SIMPLE FUTURE)
11. "I will be attending the conference next week," said Sarah.
12. "We will be moving to a new house next month," said Tom and Emily.
13. "He will be starting his new job in January," said Lisa.
14. "They will be traveling to Europe next summer," said Mark.
15. "We will be organizing a charity event in September," said Sarah and Alex.

(PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
16. “I am working on new a project,” said John.
17. “They are planning a trip to Europe this weekend,” said Paris.
18. “We are having a party tonight,” said John and Sarah.
19. “They are organizing a charity event for orphans,” said Sandy.
20. “I am taking a cooking class,” Lisa said.

(PAST CONTINUOUS)
21. "We were having dinner at a restaurant," said the family.
22. "She was learning to speak French," said the teacher.
23. "We were studying for the exam," said Tom and Emily.
24. "We were having a meeting when the power went out," said Tom and Emily."
25. "They were playing soccer in the rain when it started thundering," said Mark.

(FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
26. "We will be traveling to Europe next month," said Eric and Denise.
27. "He will be working on a project all day," said Lisa.
28. "They will be having a meeting in the afternoon," said Mark.
29. "I will be cooking dinner while listening to music," said John.
30. "We will be celebrating our anniversary at a fancy restaurant," said the couple.

(PRESENT PERFECT)
31. Our PET said, “You have played extremely well in this match.”
32. The newspaper hawker said, “The government has brought in a new law for the corrupt.”
33. Sir Wajid said, “The principal has announced a scholarship for the best student of the year.”
34. The teacher said, “She has learned to play piano.”
35. “I have studied Spanish for three years,” said Albert.

(MODALS)
36. "She would like to visit Japan," said Emily.
37. "I will be able to attend the meeting," said John.
38. "I can swim," said Sarah.
39. "I may go to the party," said Anne.
40. "We could try a different approach," said Sandy and Albert.