PAPER

“MIGRATION”

Dosen pengampu
Olivia Yolanda, S.E.,M.M.,

Disusun oleh:
Jodi Setiawan
217001516071

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN SAINS
UNIVERSITAS NASIONAL
JAKARTA
2022
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................... 3

1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................... 3

1.2 FORMULATION OF PROBLEM ............................................................ 4
1.3 PAPER PURPOSE..................................................................................... 4
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................... 5

THEORICAL BASIS........................................................................................ 5

1.4 IMIGRATION HISTORY ......................................................................... 5

CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................... 6
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................... 6

1.5 DISCUSSION PROBLEM ......................................................................... 6

PENUTUP.......................................................................................................... 7
KESIMPULAN ................................................................................................. 8
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Migration is one of the population phenomena studied in the study geography. Migration
is one of the three basic factors that influence population growth. Migration can increase
population if: the number of people entering an area is more than the total number of
residents leaving the area. On the other hand, migration can reduce the number of residents if
the number of people who enter an area less than the number of people who left the area.
Study of migration regionally and locally is very important, related to densityor unequal
population density and distribution.
Migration (population mobility) is the movement of people crossing certain boundaries.
The boundaries of the area are generally used administrative boundaries such as provincial,
district, sub-district, and kelurahan boundaries or village. There are two categories of
mobility, namely permanent and non-permanent mobility permanent. The difference lies in
the purpose of the movement. "if one" migrants intend or intend to permanently relocate, then
migrants are categorized as permanent migrants, otherwise if they are not have the purpose of
changing their place of residence, then the migrant is called non-permanent migrants, such as
secondary mobility and shuttle mobility.
Many studies on migration show that the reasons for migration are mainly because
economic reasons, namely the opportunity to get a better job and/orgreater income. The level
of salary or wages obtained in the village cannot guarantee well-being of migrants and their
families. The difference in wage rates between the village and the city encourage people to
migrate to cities to meet the growing needs various. New residents will decide to migrate if
their income net income in the city exceeds the net income available in the village. There is a
clear relationship between the level of education achieved and the desire to migrate. Educated
person those with higher education tend to migrate more than those with more education low.
Low village facilities and infrastructure, especially in the education sector, can be more
increase the flow of rural to urban migration. It is also what makes village workers who
working in the city decided to send their children to school in the city.
Individual status in the family also influences a person's decision to migrate. Someone
who is bound by marriage then the burden of life that is borne will increase, especially for a
man. Therefore he decided to seek work in the city for the welfare of his family. Moreover,
for unmarried individuals but has become the backbone of the family's economy will choose
to migrate for higher wages. For residents who are not bound marriage, the decision to
migrate to the city is an opportunity to gain knowledge and experiences that cannot be
obtained in the village. In addition, age also affects intentions migrating, where the age of 15-
64 years is the potential age as a worker. Whereas Older residents usually intend to stay or
refuse to move Surabaya as the capital of the province of East Java, is an attraction in itself
for workers who work conducted circularly from various cities in East Java, especially
Gresik, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto and Malang. As a big city, Surabaya has positioned itself as the
center of industrial concentration, especially in East Java. Surabaya has the potential, either
directly, as a center for the future development of Eastern Indonesia. The presence of various
industries which includes the base metal industry, basic chemical, textile, food and beverage
industry, and argo other based industries, namely industries that process agricultural products
in a broad sense, such as: as well as from the fisheries, livestock, vegetables, fruits and other
sub-sectors.

1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

From the background he author can inform the formulation of the problem as follows:
1. What faktors make people choose to immigration? both as a push factor and a pull
factor from immigration

2. What are the effects of migration?

1.3 PAPER PURPOSE

From the background and formulation of the problem above, the author can inform the
purpose of the paper as follows:
The expected goal of this paper is for readers to know what immigration is, the factors that
occur in immigration and the effects of immigration..
 CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL BASIS

1.4 IMMIGRATION HISTORY

The wealth of natural resources, especially as a producer of plantation commodities traded
on the world market, made the territory of Indonesia which was mostly controlled by the Dutch
East Indies to attract various foreign countries to participate in developing the plantation
commodity trading business. In order to regulate the flow of foreign arrivals to the Dutch East
Indies, the colonial government in 1913 established the office of the Secretary of the
Immigration Commission and because its duties and functions continued to grow, in 1921 the
office of the secretary of the immigration commission was changed to immigratie dients
(immigration services).

The immigration service during the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies was under
Director Yustisi, whose organizational structure saw the formation of committees such as visa
applications and other necessary divisions. Corps ambtenaar immigratie expanded.
Experienced and highly educated personnel are employed at the centre. Not a few of them are
dispatched workers from the Netherlands (uitgezonden krachten). All key immigration office
positions are in the hands of Dutch officials.

The process of foreigner registration phase I (POA-I) in 1954

The immigration policy set by the Dutch East Indies government was open-door politics
(opendeur politiek). Through this policy, the Dutch East Indies government opened the widest
possible way for foreigners to enter, live, and become citizens of the Dutch East Indies. The
main purpose of implementing the "open door" immigration policy was to obtain allies and
investors from various countries in order to develop exports of plantation commodities in the
Dutch East Indies region. In addition, the presence of foreigners can also be used to jointly
exploit and suppress the indigenous population.

Although it continues to grow (adding immigration offices in various regions), the

organizational structure of the Dutch East Indies government immigration service is relatively
simple. This is thought to be related to the relatively small amount of traffic arriving and
departing from and/or out of the country at that time. There were only 3 (three) areas of
immigration handled during the Dutch East Indies administration, namely: (a) the field of
permits for entry and stay of people; (b) the area of residence of foreigners; and (c) the field of
citizenship. To regulate these three fields, the government regulations used are Toelatings
Besluit (1916); Toelatings Ordonnantie (1917); and Regelings Passport (1918).

The colonial era of the Dutch East Indies began to end with the entry of Japan into Indonesian
territory in 1942. However, during the Japanese occupation there were almost no fundamental
changes in immigration regulations. In other words, during the Japanese occupation, the
products of the Dutch East Indies immigration law were still used. The existence of the
importance of immigration regulations reached its momentum when Indonesia proclaimed its
independence on August 17, 1945.
 CHAPTER 3
DISCUSSION

1.4 CONFLICT/PROBLEM

Improvement of the system to be more optimal and appropriate to resolve complaints

negative, need to be done by forming a grand design system management information,
information immigration. policies that have been taken, as formulated in the five immigration
program at work meeting 2002 which raises various implications for the implementation of
functions, duties and immigration authorities concerning the fields of legislation, institutions,
management, human resources and facilitie and infrastructure. As for the surveillance system
Existing immigration includes two ways:
1. Administrative supervision, regulated in Article 40 letters a, b, d and e of Law Number 9
of 1992, namely: carry out inspections and research against travel documents, letters orother
documents, blacklists, photo shoots, fingerprinting and management immigration data from
citizens Indonesian State and foreigners,inspection is carried out when give or refuse to give
Immigration permit in place immigration check, immigration office,immigration at the
regional office Department of Law and Human Rights as well as representatives of the
Republic of Indonesia outside country and the Directorate General of Immigration.
2. Operational supervision, regulated inArticle 40 letters c and e of the Law Number 9 of
1992. Namely doingroutine activities and operations in the field by doing a series of
monitoring or investigation interviews, observations and imaging, reconnaissance,
wiretapping, shooting, infiltration, tracking, intrusion, use information and other activities.
All the activity is for obtain information or information needed on decision making in order
to formulate and establish policies immigration, especially in terms of keep an eye on
everyone good citizens Indonesian countries and foreigners entering and leaving the area
Indonesia, overseeing the existence and activities of foreigners who violate or not breaking
the rules current regulation, dangerous for safety and public order, hostility to the people and
the Unitary Republic of Indonesia Indonesia, for smooth and the success of the investigation,
carried out security measures and raising. Conception of immigration policy in Indonesia is
referring to the destination national rather than establishing a state Unitary Republic of
Indonesia (NKRI), as referred to in the fourth paragraph Preamble of the Constitution Year
1945. This became the basis and reference for Lex et Societatis, Vol. III/No. 1/Jan-Mar/2015
8 state administrators, especially in terms of formulate policies in the field of Immigration.
Then Indonesian politics in the field of immigration now is not it open door politics but filter
politics which means that the government only allow entry of foreigners who will make profit
for Indonesia.
 CLOSING
CONCLUSION
A residence permit granted by a country to a foreigner is a form of state sovereignty as a
legal state that has full authority to determine and regulate the boundaries for foreigners to
live in a country. The permit is not something from a foreigner, but is a privilege granted by
the State to a foreigner. In addition, the limitations regarding residence permits are to protect
the interests of the nation from social, cultural, economic, labor, security and orderly aspects.
2. Actions based on Law Number 9 of 1992 concerning Immigration for acts of overstaying
are carried out within the dualism of the law enforcement system, namely based on criminal
law and administrative law. Immigration actions are administratively more effective and
efficient, in terms of law enforcement against overstay acts if it is based on the principle of
subsidarity in criminal law, namely prioritizing the ultimum remedium principle in criminal
law, then administrative settlement is a more appropriate and targeted policy.
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