GEC-RPH Chapter IV Learning Activity 1

Name: _Nelia R. Comedia_____ Prog/Yr./Sec:_BEED-2C Night__

Date: __April 27, 2023________ Score:_____________________

Answer the following questions:

1. Discuss the important provision of the Fact of Biak na Bato Constitition.

 The “Fact of Biak na Bato Constitution” refers to a document signed by Emilio

Aguinaldo and Pedro Paterno on November 1, 1897, which established a
provisional government for the Philippines during the Philippine Revolution
against Spanish colonial rule.

The Constitution had several important provisions, including:

1. The establishment of a democratic government: The Fact of Biak na Bato

Constitution provided for the establishment of a democratic government
with a president and a cabinet, as well as a bicameral legislature
composed of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
2. The recognition of Philippine independence: The Constitution recognized
the Philippines as an independent nation, with the right to self-
determination and the power to enter into international treaties and
alliances.
3. The protection of civil liberties: The Constitution guaranteed the protection
of civil liberties, including freedom of speech, religion, and the press, as
well as the right to bear arms.
4. The promotion of social justice: The Constitution recognized the
importance of social justice and called for the establishment of policies to
promote the welfare of the people, especially the poor and marginalized.
 5. The establishment of a national army: The Constitution called for the
establishment of a national army to defend the nation against external
threats and maintain peace and order within its borders.

These provisions were significant because they reflected the aspirations of the
Philippine people for self-determination, democracy, and social justice, and laid
the groundwork for the establishment of a future Philippine Republic.

2. What was the the Malolos Constitution? Explain how it passed the Congress.
 The Malolos Constitution, also known as the Constitution of the First Philippine
Republic, was the first constitution of the Philippines, ratified on January 21,
1899, during the First Philippine Republic under the presidency of Emilio
Aguinaldo. It established a democratic government with three branches:
executive, legislative, and judicial, and recognized the Philippines as an
independent nation.

The Congress that passed the Malolos Constitution was convened in September
1898 in Malolos, Bulacan. It was composed of 79 delegates, representing
different regions and sectors of the society, such as lawyers, businessmen,
farmers, and workers.

The Congress deliberated on the provisions of the constitution for three months,
and after several revisions and debates, it was finally approved on November 29,
1898. The constitution was signed by the delegates and ratified by Aguinaldo on
January 21, 1899.

The passage of the Malolos Constitution was significant because it demonstrated

the capability of the Filipinos to create their own government and constitution. It
also provided a legal framework for the fledgling Philippine Republic to operate,
despite the ongoing Philippine-American War. However, the constitution was
short-lived, as it was superseded by the Philippine Organic Act of 1902, which
established the Philippine Assembly under the American colonial government.

3. Explain the importance of Tydings-Mcduffie Act on the road of Philippine

Independence.
 The Tydings-McDuffie Act, also known as the Philippine Independence Act, was
a law passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 24, 1934. The Act paved the way for the granting
of independence to the Philippines, which was achieved on July 4, 1946.

The Tydings-McDuffie Act was significant for several reasons:

1. It provided a clear timeline for the grant of Philippine independence: The

Act mandated that the Philippines would be granted independence after a
ten-year transition period, during which time the country would be
governed as a Commonwealth under a Philippine President and
legislature.
2. It established a framework for a democratic government: The Act provided
for the creation of a democratic government, with a President, Vice-
President, and a bicameral legislature.
3. It limited American military presence in the Philippines: The Act provided
for the gradual withdrawal of American military forces from the Philippines,
with complete withdrawal to be completed by 1946.
4. It granted limited economic independence: The Act provided for the
establishment of a Joint Preparatory Commission, which would create an
economic agreement between the United States and the Philippines.
5. It demonstrated the Philippines’ readiness for independence: The Act
recognized the ability of the Philippines to govern itself and manage its
own affairs, and paved the way for the Philippines to become a fully
independent nation.

4. What was Presidential Decree No. 73 of President Marcos all about?

 Presidential Decree No. 73, signed by Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos on
December 6, 1972, was titled “Creating a Board of Liquidators for the Purpose of
Taking Over and Administering the Assets and Liabilities of Insolvent Banks and
Allied Financial Institutions and for Other Purposes.”

This decree was issued during Marcos’ authoritarian regime and was part of his
efforts to consolidate power and control over the country’s financial system. It
created the Board of Liquidators, which was tasked with taking over and
administering the assets and liabilities of insolvent banks and other financial
institutions. The Board was given broad powers to investigate, seize, and
liquidate these institutions and their assets.
 The decree was widely criticized for giving too much power to the government
and for allowing the Marcos regime to exert control over the financial sector. It
was one of several decrees issued during this time that contributed to the
concentration of power in the hands of the president and his allies.

5. Poverty is one of the problems of our society today. In your opinion what caused
it?
 Poverty is a complex and multifaceted problem that can be caused by a variety of
factors, including:

1. Lack of education: Lack of access to quality education can limit

opportunities for individuals and families to secure better-paying jobs and
break the cycle of poverty.
2. Unemployment and low wages: High unemployment rates and low wages
can make it difficult for people to make ends meet, especially for those
who work in low-skilled jobs.
3. Discrimination: Discrimination based on gender, race, ethnicity, and
other factors can limit people’s access to opportunities and resources.
4. Poor governance and corruption: Corruption and poor governance can
lead to the misallocation of resources, which can exacerbate poverty and
inequality.
5. Environmental factors: Natural disasters, climate change, and other
environmental factors can damage livelihoods and disrupt economic
activities, leading to poverty.
6. Unequal distribution of resources: Unequal distribution of resources
such as land, capital, and infrastructure can limit opportunities for people
and communities to improve their living standards.
7. Health issues: Illnesses and healthcare costs can drain resources,
limiting people’s ability to improve their financial situation.

It is essential to understand that poverty is not caused by one single factor but
rather a complex interplay of various social, economic, and environmental
factors. Addressing poverty requires a comprehensive approach that involves
addressing the root causes of poverty and implementing policies and programs
that can promote economic growth, reduce inequality, and improve access to
education, healthcare, and other basic needs.